53d  Congress,  )  SENATE.  (  Report  986, 


3d  Session.       J  Part  2 


REPORT 


OF  TUE 


COMMITTEE  ON  AGRICULTURE  AND  FORESTRY 


ON 


CONDITION   OF   COTTON   GROWERS   IN   THE 

UNITED  STATES,  THE  PRESENT  PRICES 

OF  COTTON,  AND  THE  REMEDY; 


AND  ON 


COTTON  CONSUMPTION  AND  PRODUCTION. 


Febkiauy  23,  1893. — Ordered  to  be  printed. 


VOLUME    II. 


WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 

1895. 


i? 

^  NOTE. 


s  The  tables  from  pages  266  to  296,  inclusive,  showing  the  daily  prices 

of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  from  1866  to  1880,  and 
pages  377  to  416,  showing  prices  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New 
York,  and  Liverpool  from  1880  to  1893,  and  the  tables  on  pages  417  to 
496,  inclusive,  showing  prices  of  futures  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York 
from  1880  to  1893,  and  on  pages  497  to  536,  showing  prices  of  futures  in 
Liverpool  from  1880  to  1893,  and  on  pages  547  and  548,  showing  prices 
of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  from  September  1,  1894,  to  January  10, 
1895,  were  prepared  by  Mr.  Henry  G.  Hester,  secretary  of  the  New 
Orleans  Cotton  Exchange. 

in 


483500 


COTTON  CULTIVATION  AND  THE  MANUFACTURE  AND  CONSUMPTION  OF  COTTON  GOODS 

IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


The  Department  of  State  lias  heartily  cooperated  -with  the  com- 
mittee and  rendered  most  valuable  assistance  in  the  investigation  of 
the  questions  of  cotton  cultivation  aud  the  manufacture  and  consump- 
tion of  cotton  goods  in  foreign  countries.  At  the  request  of  the  com- 
mittee the  Department  issued,  on  August  29,  1892,  aud  on  April  4, 
1893,  circular  letters  to  all  consular  officers  of  the  United  States,  asking 
for  the  fullest  information  obtainable  upon  the  above  subjects.  The 
letters  from  the  Department  of  State  were  as  follows : 

Department  of  State, 
Washington,  August  29,  1892. 
To  the  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  : 

Gentlemen:  The  U.  S.  Senate,  at  its  recent  session,  authorized 
and  directed  its  Committee  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry  to  ascer- 
tain, in  every  practical  wajT,  the  present  condition  of  agriculture  in 
the  United  States  and  the  causes  of  the  depressed  prices  which  are 
said  to  prevail  in  regard  to  particular  products,  etc. 

A  subcommittee,  charged  with  the  special  duty  of  investigating  the 
condition  of  the  cotton  industry,  was  appointed.  The  chairman  of  this 
subcommittee.  Hon.  James  Z.  George,  has  requested  the  Department  to 
secure,  through  your  good  offices,  certain  foreign  statistics  which  are 
considered  necessary  for  the  completion  and  full  understanding  of  the 
subject  under  consideration,  and,  in  compliance  with  that  request,  you 
are  directed  to  prepare  and  transmit  to  the  Department,  at  your  earli- 
est convenience,  reports  in  accordance  with  the  following  schedule: 

1.  Cotton-growing. — Statistics  showing  the  area  devoted  to  the  culti- 
vation of  cotton  in  each  country,  the  quantity  raised,  the  quantity 
raised  per  acre,  the  quantity  consumed  in  the  country  and  the  maimer 
of  consumption,  the  quantity  exported  and  whither  exported:  quality 
grown,  consumed,  and  exported;  kinds  of  seed,  mode  of  cultivation, 
harvesting,  marketing,  etc.;  amount  of  land  in  each  country  adapted 
to  cotton  cultivation,  the  probability  of  an  increase  in  acreage;  the  cost, 
as  near  as  may  be,  of  production  per  pound;  in  fine,  everything  which 
will  aid  in  showing  the  condition — past,  present,  and  prospective — of 
the  industry. 

2.  Cotton  consumption. — The  importation  and  exportation  of  raw  cot- 
ton, cotton  thread,  and  cotton  cloth  (pure  and  mixed)  into  and  froin 
each  country,  together  with  the  prices  of  the  same  in  each  year. 

3.  A  particular  feature  of  this  investigation  is  that  which  deals  with 
fibers  which  compete  with  and  displace  cotton.  How  far  does  the  tend- 
ency to  such  displacement  extend,  and  what  means  should  be  taken  to 
substitute  cotton  for  such  fibers  as  wool,  hemp,  jute,  flax,  ramie,  etc.? 
Is  the  tendency  toward  mixing  cotton  with  other  fibers  increasing,  and 
does  this  tendency  increase  or  decrease  the  consumption  of  cotton? 

4.  The  scope  of  the  Senate  investigation  being  the  enlargement  and 
betterment  of  the  cotton  industry  of  the  United  States  through  enlarged 

l 
COT — VOL  2 1 


2        COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

consumption,  you  will,  in  addition  to  the  foregoing  statistics,  contribute 
such  other  information  as  you  may  be  able  to  obtain  and  which  yon 
may  consider  useful  to  the  Senate  committee  in  the  preparation  of  its 
report. 

In  all  cases  prices,  weights,  and  measures  should  be  given  in  Ameri- ' 
can  money,  weights,  and  measures.  In  addition  to  measure  (yards)  of 
cotton  cloth,  its  weight  and  quality  should  also  be  given. 

The  Senate  committee  desires  statistics  from  1860  to  the  latest  avail- 
able year,  and  such  books  and  published  documents  on  the  subject  as 
will  give  the  necessary  data  for  a  full  investigation  of  it. 

The  committee  has  no  funds  out  of  which  to  reimburse  your  expenses 
incurred  in  collecting  materials  for  this  report,  but  the  chairman  prom- 
ises to  endeavor  to  obtain  an  appropriation  at  the  next  session  of  Con- 
gress sufficient  to  cover  any  reasonable  expenditures.  Your  outlays, 
if  any,  should  be  rigidly  confined  to  such  only  as  may  be  absolutely 
necessary,  and  the  utmost  economy  exercised. 
I  am,  gentlemen,  your  obedient  servant, 

Alvey  A.  Adee, 

Acting  Secretary. 


Department  of  State, 

Washington,  April  4,  1893. 

To , 

G of  the  United  States, 


Sir  :  On  the  1st  day  of  September,  1892,  the  Department  sent  you,  at 
the  instance  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Agriculture,  a  circular,  dated 
August  29,  1892,  calling  for  a  report  on  the  subject  of  cotton,  its  pro- 
duction, consumption,  etc.,  in  your  district.  A  copy  of  the  circular  is 
printed  herewith. 

You  have  neglected  to  respond  to  this  requirement,  and  you  are  again 
directed  to  report  as  fully  as  you  are  able  under  the  conditions  upon 
all  the  points  of  inquiry  suggested  in  the  circular.  Your  answer  must 
be  in  as  early  as  the  1st  of  August  next,  if  possible,  and  at  all  events  not 
later  than  the  1st  of  September. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOSIAH    QUTNCY, 

Assistant  Secretary. 


In  publishing  the  consular  reports  which  were  sent  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  State  in  response  to  the  above  circular  letters  and  kindly 
turned  over  by  the  Department  to  the  committee,  it  is  proper  to  say 
that  while  the  limitations  of  space  rendered  it  impracticable  to  give  each 
report  in  its  entirety  the  salient  features  of  the  reports  are  presented, 
mid  nothing  has  been  omitted  from  any  of  them  which  it  is  thought 
would  add  to  their  value  in  the  connection  in  which  they  are  used. 

No  change  whatever  has  been  made  in  the  text  except  that  explana- 
tions have  been  made  in  respect  to  foreign  weights,  measures,  money, 
etc.,  whenever  necessary  to  make  the  meaning  clearer  to  American 
readers.  The  tables  of  statistics  have  also  been  sometimes  rearranged 
in  order  to  make  them  clearer  and  more  concise. 

The  same  course  has  been  followed  in  respect  to  other  consular 
reports  embraced  in  this  report,  but  which  were  not  sent  in  response 
t<>  the  circnlara  of  the  Department  of  Slate  asking  for  information  foi 

the  use  Of  the  commit  tee. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  3 

Report  of   G.  J.   Dawson,    TJ.   S.   Acting    Consul    at    San    Salvador, 

West  Indies. 

MAY  17,  1S93. 

There  are  no  agricultural  statistics  in  Salvador,  and  therefore  no 
accurate  data  can  be  had  in  regard  to  the  area  devoted  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  cotton,  the  quantity  raised  in  the  country,  nor  the  quantity 
raised  per  acre;  but  it  is  nevertheless  a  fact  that  cotton  is  cultivated 
on  a  very  small  scale,  and  that  the  aggregate  amount  of  that  article 
raised  in  the  country  does  not  exceed  800  pounds.  Of  this  not  an 
ounce  is  exported,  and  there  is  not  a  single  farmer  who  makes  cotton 
culture  his  exclusive  business. 

As  a  general  rule  a  few  natives  keep  from  half  a  dozen  to  a  score  of 
cotton  plants  in  their  gardens,  and  the  crops  are  either  sold  raw  in  the 
markets,  or  more  usually  consumed  at  home  as  candle  wicks  or  in 
fabrics  of  coarse  cloth,  of  which  they  make  their  working  garments. 
The  few  pounas  harvested  by  the  natives  are  generally  carded  on  their 
beds  by  means  of  continuous  beating  with  long  and  slender  wooden 
rods,  after  picking  out  the  seed  by  hand.  After  carding  they  spin  the 
cotton  in  the  most  primitive  fashion,  with  a  rude  distaff,  and  roll  the 
thick  and  slack  thread  into  balls,  which  they  sell  at  from  6  to  10  cents 
a  pound.  This  thread  is  now  only  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
wicks  for  tallow  candles. 

The  past  condition  of  cotton  culture,  before  coffee  took  its  place  in 
this  country,  and  while  the  war  for  the  union  was  being  waged  in  the 
United  States,  was  quite  prosperous  for  a  short  time,  and  then  it  fell, 
burying  in  its  ruins  a  great  many  capitals,  large  and  small. 

Its  present  condition  is  hopeless,  not  only  because  no  one  cares  to 
plant  it,  thereby  giving  it  an  undue  preference  to  coffee,  indigo,  or 
sugar  cane,  but  because,  no  matter  how  low  its  cost  of  production, 
freights  are  so  heavy  that  exportation  is  out  of  the  question. 

The  production  of  cotton  is  so  small  that  it  does  not  by  any  means 
suffice  to  cover  the  wants  of*  the  market.  Cotton  cloth,  thread,  lamp- 
wicks,  and  even  carded  cotton  for  surgical  purposes  have  to  be 
imported. 

Eaw  cotton  is  not  imported. 

With  reference  to  the  amount  of  cotton  fabrics  imported  during  a 
given  number  of  years,  there  are  no  statistics  to  be  obtained.  I  can 
only  say  that  printed  cotton  stuffs  are  imported  almost  exclusively  from 
England;  sheeting  (bleached  and  otherwise),  from  England  and  the 
United  States;  bleached  and  dyed  thread  for  weaving  purposes,  from 
England;  sewing-machine  thread,  from  the  United  States,  and  fancy 
cotton  prints  in  imitation  of  linen,  wool,  or  silk,  from  France  and 
England. 

The  consumption  of  cotton  thread  is  very  great,  for  there  are  over 
500  hand  looms  in  the  country  in  which  native  "rebosos"  or  shawls 
and  other  stuff's  are  made,  and  which  depend  entirely  upon  imported 
thread  for  their  work. 

About  the  competition  that  jute,  flax,  ramie,  etc.,  are  making  to  cot- 
ton in  Salvador,  I  can  only  say  that  it  is  impossible  to  judge  from  a 
Salvadorean  standpoint,  since  there  are  no  plantations  of  any  of  those 
articles  nor  other  manufactures  of  cotton  thread  than  those  already 
mentioned. 

The  Government  of  Salvador  has  made  repeated  efforts  to  induce  the 
farmers  to  plant  ramie,  and  several  experiments  have  been  made  that 


4        COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

clearly  show  that  such  a  plant  grows  perfectly  well  in  many  sections 
of  the  country,  but  though  a  premium  has  often  been  offered  to  agricul- 
turists no  one  has  so  far  made  up  his  miud  to  cultivate  it. 

As  far  as  the  enlargement  of  consumption  of  American  cotton  manu- 
factures in  Salvador  is  concerned,  it  may  be  stated  that  cotton  goods 
of  American  manufacture  can  compete  very  well  with  those  of  European 
make,  but  that  they  are  too  dear  for  these  markets. 


Report  of  Thomas  J.  McLain,  U.  S.  consul  at  Nassau,  New  Providence, 

West  Indies. 

SEPTEMBER  15,  1S92. 

The  cotton  industry  of  this  colony  is  a  very  unimportant  one,  proba- 
bly not  over  300  acres  being  devoted  to  that  purpose.  The  total  crop 
of  1891  amounted  to  between  50,000  and  60,000  pounds,  and  was  a  trifle 
larger  than  the  average.  There  being  no  factories  here  to  consume  cot- 
ton, the  crop  was  exported,  about  43,000  pounds  going  to  the  United 
States  and  the  balance  to  Great  Britain.  The  yield  per  acre  will  aver- 
age about  200  pounds  of  cleaned  cotton.  Nearly  all  the  cotton  grown 
here  is  what  is  known  as  "  Sea  Island  cotton."  The  plantations  are 
small,  running  from  3  to  10  acres  each,  and  the  whole  industry  is  in  a 
primitive  and  unorganized  condition.  The  crop  is  picked  by  women 
and  children,  packed  in  rude  palmetto  sacks,  and  sent  on  small  vessels 
to  Nassau,  where  it  is  ginned  and  repacked  carefully  for  export.  Two 
crops  a  year  are  generally  athered,  one  in  March  and  the  other  in 
October. 

The  area  of  land  in  the  colony  adapted  to  cotton  cultivation  is  a  mat- 
ter of  estimate  purely;  but  competent  judges  give  an  opinion  that  there 
are  from  250,000  to  300,000  acres  suitable  for  this  purpose. 

At  the  close  of  the  American  war  for  independence  hundreds  of 
loyalists,  with  their  slaves,  left  the  South  and  removed  to  the  Bahamas, 
where  they  engaged  in  the  culture  of  cotton  and  built  up  a  prosperous 
industry.  After  the  lapse  of  years  the  crops  began  to  be  regularly 
invaded  by  insects  and  the  business  languished,  finally  substantially 
dying  out  upon  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  1838.  I  can  see  no  valid 
reason  why  the  industry  can  not  be  revived  with  profit  in  these  islands 
if  the  requisite  capital  were  present,  and  the  people  imbued  with  a 
little  more  energy  and  enterprise;  but  there  is  no  prospect  of  any  imme- 
diate increase  in  the  acreage  devoted  to  cotton,  for  the  people  are  poor, 
wanting  in  energy,  and,  at  present,  more  interested  in  the  culture  of 
Sisal  or  Bahama  hemp  than  in  any  other  line  of  agriculture,  since  it 
seems  to  promise  better  returns  with  less  labor  and  outlay. 

Haw  cotton  is  not  imported  into  this  colony,  there  being  no  demand 
for  the  same. 

I  can  obtain  no  reliable  information  as  to  the  quantity  of  cotton 
goods  imported  per  annum  since  1860,  nor  can  I  give  the  precise  figures 
for  any  single  year,  for  the  reason  that  such  goods  are  entered  at  the 
custom-house  indiscriminately  with  many  other  articles,  all  being  styled 
"  articles  paying  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  20  per  centum."  After  a  care- 
ful examination  of  the  subject  and  a  consultation  with  prominent 
dealers,  1  think  it  is  fair  to  say  thai  from  $200,000  to  $225,000  worth  of 

cotton  textiles,  etc  .  ;it   wholesale   prices,  are   imported    into  tliiseolony 
each   year.     American   manufacturers  are  very  apt  to  designate  their 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  5 

cotton  goods  in  price  lists  by  width,  price,  or  name,  seldom  giving 
weight  per  yard.  The  British  makers  give  weight  in  addition,  though 
dealers  seldom  mention  it  in  ordering. 

There  is  much  interest  here  in  the  fiber  industry,  the  cultivation  of 
Sisal  or  Bahama  hemp,  which  promises  great  benefits  to  the  colony 
within  a  few  years;  but  the  quantity  exported  at  present  is  quite  small 
and  does  not  affect  the  cotton  or  fiber  market  abroad. 

ENLARGED  CONSUMPTION. 

The  cotton  goods  sold  in  this  market  are  mostly  manufactured  in 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  A  few  French  and  German  goods 
are  imported  through  London  houses.  For  a  number  of  years  the  trade 
in  cottons,  as  indeed  in  nearly  all  kinds  of  merchandise,  has  been  drift- 
ing from  Great  Britain  to  the  United  States,  until  fully  two-thirds  of 
that  trade  has  been  obtained  by  our  merchants.  The  causes  of  this 
transfer  are  many.  Exchange  on  New  York  is  cheaper  than  on  London ; 
steady  steam  communication  exists  between  New  York  and  Nassau, 
with  none  from  England  direct;  most  of  the  colonial  exports  are  taken 
by  the  United  States.  The  style  and  quality  of  our  goods  suit  the  peo- 
ple, and  usually  our  prices  arenas  low  as  prices  are  in  England.  Deal- 
ers here  urge  two  objections  against  buying  cottons  in  the  United  States. 
First,  the  prices  fluctuate  more  in  the  United  States  than  in  England; 
secondly,  whilst  cash  or  short  credit  is  the  rule  in  America,  a  respon- 
sible merchant  can  obtain  almost  any  length  of  credit  he  may  desire  in 
England.  Nevertheless,  despite  such  objections,  our  cotton  trade  with 
the  Bahamas  is  steadily  growing,  and  in  due  time  we  may  expect  to 
control  the  whole  of  it. 


Report  of  S.  H.   Wright,   U.  S.  vice-consul  at  Kingston,  Jamaica, 

West  Indies. 

SEPTEMBER  23, 1892. 
COTTON  GROWING. 

No  cotton  is  cultivated  in  Jamaica.  Now  and  then  a  volunteer  tree 
may  be  seen,  which  often  grows  to  be  from  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter, 
and  from  10  to  20  feet  high;  grows  for  a  number  of  years  and  fruits 
about  all  the  time.  The  seed  are  black,  slick,  and  small,  and  the  fiber 
fine,  silky,  and  short.  My  information  from  those  who  claim  to  be 
familiar  with  the  sea-island  cotton  grown  on  the  islands  near  the  South 
( 'arolina  coast  is  that  the  lint  of  these  uncultivated  trees  in  Jamaica  is 
finer,  but  not  so  long  and  valuable  as  that.  Jt  has  been  so  long  since 
cctton  was  grown  as  a  crop  in  Jamaica  that  its  history  here  is  only  a 
matter  of  tradition.  There  is  at  this  time  some  effort  being  made  to 
induce  the  people  to  commence  the  raising  of  cotton,  since  the  sugar* 
industry  is  becoming  less  important  each  year,  but  from  all  I  can  learn 
I  very  much  doubt  its  amounting  to  anything;  yet,  should  it  be  under- 
taken with  anything  like  intelligent  effort,  it  could,  in  my  opinion,  be 
made  quite  a  success  in  view  of  the  cheapness  of  labor,  the  utter 
absence  of  frost,  and  fertility  of  the  soil ;  and  there  are  thousands  of 
acres  of  land  well  adapted  to  its  growth. 


6  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

COTTON  CONSUMPTION. 

For  the  year  ending  March  31,  1891,  there  was  imported  into  the 
island  from  all  countries  cotton  manufactures  amounting  to  $1,468,589, 
of  which  $1,415,206  came  from  the  United  Kingdom,  and  $40,109  from 
the  United  States,  while  for  the  year  ending  March  31,  1892,  the  total 
amount  imported  was  $1,067,590,  of  which  $1,022,664  came  from  the 
United  Kingdom  and  $35,788  from  the  United  States.  The  marked 
decrease  is  attributable  to  several  things,  but  mostly  to  the  overimpor- 
lation  in  anticipation  of  active  trade  during  the  Jamaica  exposition, 
which  was  held  in  the  early  part  of  1891,  and  to  the  stagnant  condition 
of  the  fruit  trade. 

THE  DISPLACEMENT   OF   COTTON  BY   OTHER  FIBERS. 

There  is  no  appreciable  tendency  in  this  direction.  There  is  some 
talk  of  undertaking  to  cultivate  fibrous  substances  here,  but  as  yet 
nothing  of  a  tangible  character  has  been  done. 


Report  of  Lewin   E.  Stewart,  U.  S.  consul  at  San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico, 

West  Indies. 

JUNE  10,  1893. 

No  attention  is  given  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  in  the  island,  agri- 
culturists being  entirely  engaged  in  the  production  of  other  crops 
which  pay  better — sugar,  coffee,  and  tobacco.  Even  the  insignificant 
crops  produced  by  the  peasants  without  regard  to  quality  or  cultiva- 
tion are  decreasing  each  year. 

Undoubtedly  cotton  could  be  raised  here,  and  to  advantage,  but  it 
will  hardly  be  done  so  long  as  the  island  is  so  rich  in  sugar,  coffee, 
tobacco,  and  fruits. 


Report  of  Jos.  L.  Hance,  U.  S.  consul  at  Turks  Island,  West  Indies. 

MAT  2 J,  1893. 

Previous  to  emancipation  in  1838  cotton  was  produced  in  this  colony 
and  formed  a  considerable  portion  of  the  exports.  After  emancipation 
the  production  ceased  almost  entirely,  although,  in  various  parts  of  the 
colony  cotton  grows  in  a  wild  state.  About  two  years  ago  a  small 
quantity  of  sea-island  cotton  seed  was  planted  experimentally.  The 
result  was  a  liber  somewhat  shorter  than  the  sea-island  cotton,  but 
superior  t<>  it  in  texture,  being  liner  and  more  silky.  Encouraged  by 
this  result  an  effort  was  made  to  cultivate  it  on  a  more  extensive  scale. 
Owing,  probably,  to  an  improper  selection  of  soil  this  has  not  proved  a 
success.  It  is  not  improbable  that  farther  efforts  will  be  made  for 
cultivating  this  variety.  At  present,  however,  the  production  of  cotton 
in   this  colony  is  practically  nothing. 

No  record  of  the  weights  of  textile  fabrics  is  kept,  and  there  is  no 
publication  within  this  colony  giving  in  detail  the  information  required. 
As  the  duty  on  cotton  goods  is  levied  on  all  textile  fabrics  as  a  class. 
the  Government  statistics  show  only  the  aggregate  amount  of  all  tex- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  7 

tile  fabrics  imported,  without  designating  the  particular  kinds  of  goods. 
Thus,  there  is  no  method  of  determining  the  amount  of  woolen,  cotton, 
silk,  or  linen  goods  imported. 

All  woolen,  silk,  and  linen  goods  are  imported  from  Great  Britain, 
and.  almost  without  exception,  all  cotton  goods  are  imported  from  the 
United  States,  the  superiority  of  our  cotton  goods  being  unquestioned. 
This  preference  has  existed  for  many  years. 

A  small  quantity  of  sisal  hemp  is  produced  here,  but  it  is  not  of  a 
proper  quality  to  serve  as  a  substitute  for  cotton. 


Report  of  William  P.  Pierce,  U.  S.  Consul  at  Trinidad,  West  Indies. 

SEPTEMBER  14,  1892. 

No  cotton  is  grown  in  this  island  for  commercial  purposes.  There 
being  no  frost  here,  the  cotton  plant  becomes  a  tree  and  may  produce 
considerable  cotton:  but  it  is  not,  and  the  high  presumption  is  it  can 
not  be,  profitably  cultivated. 

There  are  no  manufacturers  of  cotton  here,  and  the  classifications  at 
the  custom-house  of  importations  are  such  as  to  render  it  impossible 
to  give  more  than  a  very  rough  estimate  of  the  consumption  of  cotton 
goods.  Textiles,  wearing  apparel,  and  haberdashery  come  under  one 
head,  paying  the  same  duty;  and  the  importations  at  Trinidad  last 
year  under  this  heading  amounted  to  £289,042,  and  it  is  estimated  that 
the  articles  composed  altogether,  or  substantially  so,  of  cotton  would 
amount  to  about  one-half  that  sum.  In  point  of  measurement  and 
weight  possibly  three-fourths  of  the  importations  under  this  heading- 
would  be  composed  altogether,  or  substantially,  of  cotton.  Of  the 
above  valuation  (£289,042)  the  United  States  only  furnished  such 
imports  to  the  amount  of  £4,594,  while  the  United  Kingdom  furnished 
them  to  the  amount  of  £261,696. 

American  cotton  cloths  are  much  more  durable  and  are  not  so  much 
disguised  with  dressing  as  are  the  English  cottons,  but  the  latter  can 
be  obtained  at  a  much  less  outlay  of  money. 

There  has  been  more  or  less  talk  here,  and  even  more  in  the  adjoin- 
ing island  of  Tobago,  about  establishing  an  industry  in  wood  fibers, 
a  large  number  of  fibrous  growths  being  found  in  both  islands.  I  have 
seen  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  fibers. and  in  November,  1890, 
smt  twenty-six  different  specimens  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
through  the  Department  of  State,  at  Washington.  I  think  a  fiber 
industry,  properly  encouraged,  might  be  built  up  here,  as  it  has  been 
in  the  Bahama  Islands,  but  at  present  no  such  industry,  to  any  extent 
worth  noticing,  exists  here. 


Report  of  Stephen  W.  Parker,  TJ.  S.  Consul  at  St.  Christopher,  West  Indies. 

MAT  1,  1S93. 

No  cotton  is  grown  on  this  island.  It  is  too  windy  for  cotton,  and 
hence  the  island  is  almost  a  solid  sugar-cane  plantation. 

There  is  no  consumption  of  raw  cotton,  there  being  no  manufactories 
of  any  kind  save  sugar  manufactories. 


8       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Cotton  goods  to  tlie  value  of  £288  were  imported  from  the  United 
States  last  year,  and  at  least  ten  times  that  amount  from  England. 
The  consumption  of  cotton  goods  for  clothing  is  very  large  compared 
to  other  goods.     Clothing  consists  of  linen  and  cotton,  mostly  cotton. 

There  is  no  other  fiber  that  seems  in  the  least  to  displace  cotton 
goods  on  this  island. 

In  1861,  there  was  about  5,000  pounds  of  cotton  raised;  in  1862, 
about  10,000  pounds;. in  1863,  about  10,000  pounds;  in  1864,  about 
10.000  pounds;  in  1865,  about  10,000  pounds;  in  1866,  about  5,000 
pounds,  and  none  since  that  time. 

The  cotton  raised  from  1861  to  1866,  inclusive,  was,  in  consequence  of 
the  civil  war  in  the  United  States,  very  high  in  price,  but  after  1866 
the  price  did  not  pay  to  raise  cotton. 


Report  ofR.  Burton  Dinzey,  JJ.  S.  Commercial  Agent,  at  St.  Bartliolomeic, 

West  Indies. 

JUNE  14,  1893. 

There  are  no  cotton  plantations  here,  nor  any  systematic  ones  of  any- 
thing else.  The  lands  are  owned  entirely  by  the  laboring  classes  in 
small  lots,  each  of  whom  cultivates  it  according  to  his  fancy  with  vege- 
tables, fruit,  grass,  and  a  little  cotton,  all  of  which  they  dispose  of  here. 
The  latter  is  sent  away  to  the  neighboring  islands  by  the  purchasers 
for  sale. 


Report  of  Samuel  B.  Home,  JJ.  S.  Consul,  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies. 

MAY  6,  1893. 

Cotton  is  not  now  grown  within  my  district.  A  small  quantity,  of 
good  quality,  was  cultivated  in  the  island  of  St.  Thomas  during  the 
American  rebellion  of  1861-'65.  None  since  that  date.  Statistics  as 
to  quantity,  value,  or  weight  not  obtainable. 

Raw  cotton  is  neither  imported  nor  exported  to  or  from  these  islands. 

The  fiber  industry  does  not  prevail  in  these  islands,  nor  does  it  com- 
pete with  or  displace  cotton. 

I  may  add  that  of  the  value  of  goods  imported  in  1891 — i.  e.,  $236,820 — 
only  $5,183  came  from  the  United  States,  while  England  supplied  us  to 
the  value  of  $201,911.  The  showing  is  better  for  the  United  States  in 
L892,  in  which  she  supplied  us  to  the  value  of  $8,845  and  England 
$95,655. 

No  record  is  kept  from  which  to  ascertain  either  the  number  of  yards 
or  weight  of  goods  imported. 


Report  of  E.  A.  Dimmiclc,  TJ.  S.  Consul,  Barbados,  West  Indies. 

JULY  25,  1893. 

There  is  no  raw  cotton  grown  in  Barbados.  The  average  yearly 
consumption  of  cotton  (manufactures)  at  this  port  amounts  to  $601,- 
391.79.     It  is  impossible  to  give  the  weights  and  measures,  as  such 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  9 

statistics  are  not  obtainable.  This  cotton  is  in  the  form  of  thread, 
cotton  cloth,  and  some  mixed  linen  and  cotton.  The  prices  vary  from 
3  to  16  cents  per  yard.  The  total  annual  amount  given  above  is 
arrived  at  as  follows: 


"Whence  imported. 

Great 
Britain. 

United 
States. 

British 
Westlndies. 

British 
Guiana. 

Other 
countries. 

Total. 

$5.80 
584,125.12 

$4.80 
12,  441. 10 

$10.60 
601,  381. 19 

Cotton  manufactures 

$2,  630.  08 

$1, 161.  91 

$i.  022. 98 

Total 

584,130.92       T2.445.R0 

601, 391. 79 

The  consular  agent  at  St.  Lucia  reports  that  no  business  is  done  in 
cotton  growing  or  in  the  importation  of  raw  cotton. 
The  importations  for  1891  and  1892  were  as  follows: 


Whence  imported. 

18M. 

1892. 

21 

£       s. 

872    19 
303      4 
966    10 
609      0 
4      4 
373      5 

d. 
5 
2 

10 
1 
2 
2 

£       s. 

21, 015      1 

585      1 

1,115     10 

545     11 

12 

128      7 

8 

8 

0 

8 

fi 

6 

The  consular  agent  at  St.  Vincent  reports  that  he  is  unable  to  give 
the  quantity  of  cotton  cloth  imported,  such  information  not  being 
procurable. 

All  the  importations  come  from  the  United  Kingdom. 

The  latest  published  information  of  cotton  exported  was  43,286 
pounds. 


Report  of  John  H.   Grout,  jr.,   TJ.  S.   Consul  at  Hamilton,  Bermuda, 

West  Indies. 


JULY  20,  1893. 

The  raising  of  early  vegetables  for  the  markets  of  the  United  Stated 
being  deemed  more  profitable,  no  area  of  land  in  these  islands  is  devoted 
to  the  cultivation  of  cotton.  I  am  told  by  a  practical  farmer  that  there 
is  no  question  as  to  the  adapt  ability  of  the  land  for  cotton-raising,  but 
that  for  over  eighty  years  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  raise  it. 

Nearly  the  entire  requirements  of  Bermuda,  in  the  shape  of  piece 
goods,  such  as  bleached  and  unbleached  calicoes,  sheetings,  printed 
cloths,  canvas,  etc.,  are  imported  from  the  United  States.  The  quality 
of  American  goods  has  been  found  to  be  uniformly  good  and  as  repre- 
sented, while  the  prices  are  lower  than  similar  grades  from  England 
and  Canada. 

In  manufactured  goods,  such  as  underwear,  etc.,  Bermuda  is  sup- 
plied by  England,  the  reason  given  being  not  superior  quality  but 
cheaper  prices  obtained  from  cheaper  labor. 


10  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON   MANUFACTURES,  AND 

To  use  the  words  of  a  representative  of  the  largest  dry  goods  estab- 
lishment here,  "America  has  the  cotton  trade  of  Bermuda,  and  England 
the  woolen.  Bermuda  merchants  buy  in  the  cheapest  and  most  handy 
market,  and  our  customs  impose  a  duty  of  5  per  cent  ad  valorem  only 
on  all  dry  goods  imported  here,  English  and  American  alike." 

Bermuda  is  wholly  dependent  upon  the  outside  world  for  its  cotton 
goods  and,  as  has  been  said,  obtains  the  greater  portion  from  the  United 
States.  There  being  no  cotton  mills  or  land  devoted  to  the  raising  of 
cotton  or  fibers  of  any  kind,  there  is,  of  course,  no  tendency  toward  the 
substitution  of  other  fibers  for  cotton  in  manufacture,  and  neither  is 
there  any  demand  for  goods  so  manufactured  in  Bermudian  stores. 
Relative  to  the  importation  of  manufactured  cotton  goods  from  the 
United  States  as  against  England  and  Canada,  the  statistics  show  a 
large  increase,  during  the  past  five  or  six  years,  in  favor  of  the  former 
country. 


Report  of   William  0.  Fox,   JJ.  8.  vice  commercial  agent,  St.  Georges, 
Bermuda,  West  Indies. 

APRIL  26,  1S93. 

I  beg  now  to  state  that  cotton  is  not  at  all  cultivated  on  these  islands. 
I  believe  it  was  cultivated  to  some  small  extent  during  their  early  his- 
tory, but  the  industry  has,  of  late  years,  quite  given  way  to  the  growth 
of  fruit,  vegetables,  and  arrowroot. 

With  regard  to  the  consumption,  a  good  quantity  of  cotton  thread 
and  cotton  cloth  is  imported  from  Great  Britain,  and  a  smaller  quantity 
of  the  latter  from  the  United  States;  but  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain 
from  the  custom-house  authorities  the  approximate  value. 


Report  of  Charles  Bartlett,  JJ.  8.  consul  at  Guadeloupe,  West  Indies. 

MAY  8, 1893. 

The  cotton  plant  (Gossypium  herbaceum)  assumes  in  this  colony  the 
development  of  a  shrub,  and  even  that  of  a  tree. 

The  plant  is  not  cultivated  here,  but  grows  in  an  abandoned  state  on 
the  islands  of  Desirada  and  Les  Saintes.  The  cotton  picked  from 
these  shrubs  or  trees  is  used  for  the  sole  purpose  of  making  mattresses. 
None  is  exported. 

During  our  civil  war,  when  the  price  of  cotton  was  so  extremely  high, 
the  cultivation  of  this  plant  was  attempted;  but  owing  to  the  inexpe- 
rience of  the  cultivators  and  to  the  epizooty  that  fell  on  the  plants,  the 
result  w;is  disastrous  to  all  those  who  attempted  the  cultivation. 

Since  then  the  cultivation  of  cotton  has  been  entirely  abandoned,  and 
the  small  quantity  obtainable  from  Desirada  and  Les  Saintes  is  sold  at 
retail  at  from  20  to  '60  cents  per  kilogram  (about  2.2  pounds). 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  11 

Report  of  John  8.  Durham,  TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Port  mi  Prince,  Hayti. 

APRIL  29,  1S93. 

There  are  no  agricultural  statistics  collected  by  the  Government  of 
Hayti,  and  but  one  of  the  questions  emanating  from  the  Senate  com- 
mittee can  be  answered.  During  the  Haitian  fiscal  year  ending-  Sep- 
tember 30,  1892,  there  were  exported  1,313,(397  pounds  of  cotton,  and 
from  that  time  to  December  31  the  exportation  amounted  to  249,312 
pounds.  These  figures  are  accessible  because  the  French  bank  collects 
duties  ou  exports  and  keeps  a  record. 


Report  of  Thomas  Simpson,  TJ.  S.  constil  at  Puerto  Plata,  Santo  Domingo, 

West  Indies. 

JULY  8,  1S93. 

Xo  cotton  is  raised  or  exported  from  this  district,  although  almost  all 
the  land  is  adapted  to  its  cultivation. 

No  cotton  is  consumed  in  a  raw  state.  It  is  impossible  to  get  the 
amount  of  same  imported  as  thread,  etc. 

Cotton  not  being  used,  there  is  no  fiber  which  competes  with  it,  with 
exception,  perhaps,  of  jute  used  in  making  bags  for  Sugar,  etc. 

Without  a  great  expense  there  is  no  way  of  ascertaining  the  imports 
of  manufactured  cotton.  No  books  or  documents  (nor  any  statistics 
whatever)  are  published  on  this  subject. 


Report  of  C.  L.  Maxwell,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Santo  Domingo,  West  Indies. 

MAT  3,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  cultivated  here,  though  the  climate  and  soil  favor  its 
production.  I  fear  that  no  reliable  statistics  can  be  obtaiued  as  to  its 
consumption  here. 


Report  of  Jacob  Wuistcr,  TJ.  S.  vice-consul  at  Curacao,  West  Indies. 

MAT  4,  1893. 

This  island  does  not  produce  any  cotton  nor  imports  the  same  in  the 
raw  state. 

Cotton  thread  and  cotton  cloth  consumed  here  are  supplied  by  Eng- 
land, and  the  last  to  some  extent  by  the  United  States  also. 

A  detailed  report  of  the  quality  and  prices  of  these  goods  can  not 
be  given,  as  no  statistics  are  published  from  which  such  data  can  be 
ascertained. 


12      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Alfred  B.  Keevil,    U.  S.  consul  at  St.  Pierre,  Martinique, 

West  Indies. 

SEPTEMBER  20,  1892. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  this  colony;  the  quantity  consumed  and 
imported  is  about  10  bales  per  annum,  which  is  imported  from  the 
United  States,  and  is  generally  used  in  the  manufacture  of  mattresses 
and  pillows. 

Cotton  thread  and  cotton  cloth  are  imported  principally  from  Great 
Britain ;  the  qualities  are  generally  very  poor  and  not  comparable  with 
the  same  character  of  goods  sold  in  the  United  States. 

The  mixture  of  other  fibers,  except  wool,  is  not  perceptible  in  the 
cotton  cloths  imported  into  this  colony. 

It  may  be  well  to  state,  that  cotton  goods  imported  here  are  manu- 
factured expressly  for  the  demands  of  tbe  people,  they  requiring  bright 
colors,  large  figures,  and  light  material.  They  appear  to  be  filled  with 
a  large  proportion  of  starch,  and  highly  calendered. 


Report  of  Elias  H.  Cheney,  U.  8.  Consul  at  Matanzas,  Cuba,  West  Indies. 

JULY  27,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  or  ever  has  been  grown  in  this  district. 

There  are  no  cotton  mauufactories  here ;  and  hence  there  is  no  impor- 
tation of  raw  cotton. 

There  are  imported  direct  at  Matanzas,  annually,  cotton  goods  to  the 
amount  of  about  $60,000.  Of  this  amount  say  two-thirds  comes  from 
Spain  and  one-third  from  England,  very  little  if  any  from  the  United 
States. 

By  far  the  larger  part  of  the  goods  sold  over  the  counters  of  Matan- 
zas are  purchased  at  Havana,  where  there  are  also  some  imports  from 
France  and  a  few  from  the  United  States,  but  mainly  they  come  from 
Spain  and  England. 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  goods  imported  from  Spain  are  really 
English  manufactures,  English  manufacturers  evading  customs  laws 
by  establishing  branch  houses  in  Spain  and  certifying  to  their  goods 
as  the  product  of  Spain.  Duties  on  English  cottons  are  lower  in  Spain 
than  in  Cuba,  while  cottons  imported  from  Spain  are  free  of  duty. 

Cotton  cloths  are  used  by  all  classes  of  the  population,  the  coarse 
grades  by  the  working  classes  and  the  higher  and  finer  cloths  by  the 
more  wealthy. 

The  tendency  is  decidedly  toward  an  increased  use  of  cotton,  shown 
principally  in  the  substitution  of  cotton  for  the  linen  shirt  hitherto 
almost  exclusively  worn;  and  also  in  the  substitution  of  cotton  for 
linen  sheets  and  pillowcases. 

The  favorite  widths  arc  from  30  to  35  English  inches.  Weight  is  not 
taken  into  consideration,  but  rather  the  number  of  threads  to  the  square 
of  <>  millimeters  (not  quite  one-fourth  of  an  inch),  the  favorite  grades 
having  from  15  to  20  threads  per  square. 

My  informant  is  of  opinion,  and  in  that  opinion  I  coincide,  that  the 
use  of  American  cotton  goods  in  Cuba,  at  least  in  this  district,  might 
be  materially  Increased. 

A  partiality  to  French  cloths  is  noticeable.     My  informant  in  partic- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  13 

ular  speaks  of  France  as  king  in  textile  fabrics  of  all  classes.  This 
suggests  to  me  that  in  studying  to  suit  the  Cuban  market,  with  a  view 
to  extending  trade,  the  peculiarities  of  French  cloths  may  well  be  taken 
into  account. 

As  to  cotton  thread  I  am  told  that  that  comes  mainly  from  the 
United  States.  Sewing  machines  come  almost  wholly  from  the  United 
States,  and  with  them  naturally  the  thread  used  with  them. 


Report    of  Henry   A.  Ehninger,    U.   S.   consul  at    Cienfuegos,    Cuba, 

West  Indies. 

JULY  22,  1893. 

In  this  consular  district  no  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  raising  of 
cotton  or  to  its  manufacture.  A  tree  or  two  may  be  seen  in  a  garden 
as  a  curiosity. 

As  stated  in  my  report,  dated  August  15,  1889,  and  published  in 
special  consular  reports  on  "Cotton  textiles  in  foreign  countries," 
about  3,500,000  yards  of  goods  wholly  of,  or  mixed  with  cotton,  are 
imported  annually  into  this  port  and  from  hence  are  distributed  through 
the  district.  As  seen  in  the  same  report,  an  insignificant  part  (say  one 
one-hundred-and-fiftieth)  of  this  importation  was  from  the  United  States. 
For  the  past  two  years  no  importation  of  cotton  goods  has  taken  place 
from  the  United  States  to  this  port,  owing  to  the  tariff,  which  on 
national  (Spanish)  goods  is  very  small.  The  Catalonian  factories  are 
driving  out  of  the  market  even  the  British  and  French  manufactures, 
except  perhaps  some  of  the  fine  kinds,  which  the  Catalan  factories  can 
not  as  yet  successfully  produce.  An  exception  may  be  made  in  the 
article  of  cotton  duck,  which  is  imported  from  the  United  States  by 
dealers  in  marine  stores.  I  subjoin  a  few  figures  showing  the  amount 
of  cotton  duck  imported  from  the  United  States  by  the  three  dealers  in 
this  city:  In  1890,  8,795  yards;  in  1891,33,209  yards;  and  in  1892, 
21,608  yards.  The  weight  per  roll  averages  60  to  70  pounds  (roll  of 
80  yards). 

Several  attempts  have  been  made  in  this  consular  district  (Santa 
Clara)  to  cultivate  "henequen"  (sisal  grass),  and  though  a  success  as 
far  as  the  plants  are  concerned,  defective  machinery  for  cleaning  them 
has  been  the  cause  of  their  being  abandoned. 

Kamie,  under  the  name  of  "  china  silk,'?  has  been  for  some  time  in 
use  here  for  coats  and  ladies'  dresses. 


Report  of  Richard   Gibbs,   commercial  agent   at  Kuevitas,   Cuba, 

West  Indies. 

MAY  2,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  grown  or  cultivated  in  this  consular  district  or  prov- 
ince. 

There  are  no  importations  direct  of  raw  cotton,  cotton  thread,  or 
cotton  cloth.  All  such  articles  come  from  Havana,  where  they  are 
imported  by  dealers  in  such  goods. 


14       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

There  are  no  manufactures  of  cloths,  cotton  or  other  kinds,  in  this 
district. 

The  white  cotton,  or  domestics  used  here,  are  principally  from  Spain, 
superior  articles,  with  advantage  of  import  duties  being  less,  they 
being  a  national  product. 

Cheap  cotton  muslins,  figured  and  otherwise,  are  principally  of  Eng- 
lish manufacture,  and  sold  in  the  stores  here  and  in  the  city  of  Puerto 
Principe. 


Report  of  A.  S.   Twitchcll,  V.  S.  consul  at  Santiago  de  Cuba,   Cuba, 

West  Indies. 

JUNE  7, 1893. 

Cotton  is  not  grown  here  for  sale  or  manufacture,  nor  in  Cuba,  so  far 
as  I  can  learn,  neither  is  there  any  importation  of  the  raw  cotton,  there 
being  no  manufacture  of  it  here. 

Cotton  thread  and  cloth  are  commodities  brought  like  many  other 
goods  from  the  United  States  and  elsewhere,  but  it  is  impossible  to  get 
at  the  amount  or  value  of  these  importations  in  order  to  make  any 
reliable  report. 


Report  of  W.  B.  I)iel:ey,  U.  S.  commercial  agent  at   Baracoa,   Cuba, 

West  Indies. 

MAY  16,  1893. 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  no  cotton  is  grown  in  this  region  on 
the  island  of  Cuba. 


Report  of  James  II.  Springer,  U.  S.  vice-commercial  agent  at  San  Juan  de 
los  Remedios,  Cuba,  West  Indies. 

MAY  8,  1893. 

So  far  as  I  can  learn  there  is  not  any  cotton  cultivation  in  my  consu- 
lar district,  although  the  cotton  plant  grows  freely  and  wild.  I  have 
seen  an  occasional  cotton  plant  growing  in  the  yards  of  private  resi- 
dences. Planters  inform  me  that  the  soil  is  good  for  cotton-planting,  but 
as  yet  no  one  has  made  any  trial  to  raise  cotton. 

No  dry  goods  are  allowed  to  be  imported  at  this  port.  Merchants 
get  their  supplies  from  Havana. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  15 

Report  of  Wm.  Heimlce,  U.  S.  consul  at  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 

APRIL  24, 1893. 
AREA. 

The  area  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  at  the  present  time  in 
the  State  of  Chihuahua  comprises  about  1,500  acres,  and  the  belt  of 
the  region  where  it  is  raised  may  be  reckoned  as  commencing  within 
the  29th  parallel  of  latitude,  at  a  point  about  50  miles  south  of  the  city 
of  Chihuahua,  and  extending  south  to  the  26th  parallel  of  latitude, 
and  between  the  5th,  0th,  and  7th  parallels  of  longitude,  west. 

The  amount  of  land,  however,  which  is  adaptable  to  the  cultivation 
of  cotton  within  the  above-described  limits  may  be  estimated  at  about 
30,000  acres.  The  principal  reason  why  not  more  than  about  1,500 
acres  of  this  vast  area  are  under  cultivation  is  the  scarcity  of  water. 
Therefore,  as  the  entire  cotton  cultivation  here  is  dependent  altogether 
upon  irrigation,  and  as  the  water  supply  is  limited  and  all  the  water- 
rights  taken  up  by  the  respective  property  owners  or  cotton  producers, 
there  is  no  probability  of  an  increase  in  the  production  of  cotton  in 
this  consular  district  within  the  near,  or  even  remote,  future,  unless 
artesian  water  is  found,  which  is  more  than  improbable,  judging  from 
the  many  fruitless  tests  that  have  been  made  here,  to  my  knowledge, 
in  the  past  eleven  years. 

QUANTITY  AND   QUALITY. 

The  quantity  of  cotton  which  is  raised  upon  the  before-mentioned 
1,500  acres  of  soil  may  be  said  to  be  about  300,000  pounds  per  year, 
which  is  equal  to  200  pounds  to  the  acre,  and  this  can  be  regarded  as  a 
fair  and  reliable  average  of  the  quantity  of  cotton  produced  here  in 
each  year  during  the  past  thirty-five  years.  I  have  been  informed  by 
cotton  manufacturers,  who  have  resided  here  that  length  of  time,  that, 
owing  to  the  limited  water  supply  and  the  well-defined  water-rights, 
there  lias  been  neither  a  perceptible  falling  off  nor  an  increase  in  cotton 
production  dining  the  period  here  specified.  The  quality  of  the  cotton 
grown  in  this  section  compares  with  ordinary  American  cotton. 

CONSUMPTION. 

The  quantity  of  cotton  consumed  within  the  limits  of  this  consular 
district,  of  domestic  production,  is  said  to  be  about  500,000  pounds 
annually,  and  the  manner  of  consumption  is  in  its  manufacture  into 
unbleached  shirtings  and  cotton  yarn  or  thread,  by  the  three  cotton 
factories,  which  are  established  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua.  The  first 
of  these  in  importance  is  the  Fabrica  de  Mantas  de  Bella  Vista,  estab- 
lished about  the  year  1863,  and  located  about  100  miles  south  of  this 
city  (Chihuahua),  near  Santa  Rosalia;  the  second  in  importance  is  the 
Fabrica  de  Mantas  de  Dolores,  established  about  the  year  1867,  located 
150  miles  south  of  this  city,  near  Jimenez,  and  the  third  is  called  the 
Fabrica  de  Mantas  de  Talamantes,  established  about  the  year  1865,  and 
is  situated  near  Allende,  about  175  miles  south  of  here. 

EXPORTATION. 

There  is  no  cotton,  either  raw  or  manufactured,  exported  from  this 
district,  for  the  reason  that  the  demand  is  greater  than  the  production; 


16       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

but  011  the  contrary,  our  manufacturers  here  bring  about  200,000 
pounds  of  raw  cotton  annually  into  this  State  from  the  south,  princi- 
pally from  that  raised  in  the  States  of  Coahuila  and  Durango,  the 
great  cotton  belt  of  the  Kepublic  of  Mexico. 

An  examination  of  Mexican  national  statistics  on  exportations  fails 
to  show  that  any  xdw  cotton  is  exported  from  this  into  any  other 
country;  therefore,  and  in  consideration  of  the  limited  production 
here,  it  would  seem  that  there  exist  promising  probabilities  for  increased 
importations  of  raw  cotton,  wnich  should  naturally  and  preferably 
come  from  the  United  States.  Then,  too,  all  the  cotton  thread  and 
cotton  cloth  that  is  manufactured  here  finds  a  ready  home  market,  and 
there  is  neither  demand  nor  inducement  for  their  exportation. 

IMPORTATION. 

As  I  have  stated  before,  there  is  no  raw  cotton  imported  into  this 
district  from  any  foreign  country,  because  the  quantity  needed  by  the 
factories  here  in  excess  of  that  produced,  is  received  from  the  adjoin- 
ing States  of  Coahuila  and  Durango.  The  importation  of  the  quantity 
of  cotton  thread  and  cotton  cloth  (either  pure  or  mixed)  which  has 
come  into  this  State  during  the  past  thirty  years  can  not  be  ascertained, 
because  there  are  no  available  statistics  upon  which  one  might  be 
enabled  to  base  approximately  reliable  figures,  or  from  which  to  draw 
instructive  or  profitable  deductions. 

CULTIVATION. 

The  seed  that  is  used  in  the  cotton  grown  here  is  domestic  and  of 
the  most  inferior  grade,  while  no  interest  seems  to  be  manifested  in 
introducing  a  superior  quality.  The  mode  of  cultivation  is  of  the  sim- 
plest nature;  for  after  the  planting  of  the  seed  (rather  superficially 
and  not  deeper  than  from  3  to  4  inche's),  which  takes  place  usually  in 
the  month  of  April,  there  is  no  further  attention  paid  to  it  aside  from 
methodical  irrigation,  morning  and  evening,  until  it  is  harvested  by 
peon  labor  in  the  month  of  September,  when  it  is  marketed  by  direct 
sale  at  the  gin  to  the  cotton-dealer,  who  pays  in  trade  from  his  store 
for  the  unginned  cotton  about  3  cents  per  pound.  Out  of  every  100 
pounds  of  picked  cotton  that  goes  to  the  gin  here  there  is  realized 
about  33  pounds  of  clean  or  ginned  cotton,  which  brings  about  8  cents 
per  pound  in  the  market. 

As  the  producer  in  this  district  manages  to  make  a  living  out  of  his 
industry,  while  having  no  surplus  after  he  has  harvested  and  disposed 
of  his  crop,  it  is  assumed  that  the  cost  of  production  of  unginned  cot- 
ton in  the  field*  is  about  3  cents  per  pound. 

PRICE  OF  MANUFACTURED  CLOTH. 

At  about  the  time  of  the  establishment  of  the  cotton  factories  in  this 
State,  in  the  year  1800  or  thereabouts,  the  price  of  unbleached  cotton 
cloth,  or  shirtings,  was  about  L6  cents  per  yard,  and  since  that  time  the 
price  has  gradually  declined  from  year  to  year  to  the  present  time, 

*lt  is  evident  that  Mr.  Heimke  does  not  mean  "cotton  in  the  field,"  because  that 
would  be  not  only  unginned  but  unpicked.  The  :!  cents  per  pound  unquestionably 
refers  to  "seed  cotton,  or  cotton  as  it  is  picked  from  the  field  and  before  the  seeds 
are  removed  by  the  ginning  process.     A.  B.  S. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  17 

when  only  8  cents  per  yard  can  be  realized  for  unbleached  cotton  32 
inches  wide  and  weighing-  9£  pounds  to  the  piece  of  29£  yards.  The 
price  of  cotton  yarn  or  thread  which  goes  into  the  manufacture  of 
rebozos  (shawls)  and  for  wax  matches  is  23  cents  per  pound,  and  the 
yarn  used  for  candlewicks  costs  21  cents  per  pound.  The  yarn  or 
thread  used  in  making  the  unbleached  shirtings  is  standard  numbers 
12, 14, 10,  and  18. 

It  may  be  well  to  say  here,  in  explanation  of  the  cause  for  the  gradual 
decline  in  the  price  of  cotton  cloth  through  all  the  years  before  men- 
tioned, that  thirty  years  ago  the  universal  price  of  the  raw  material 
was  double  tbat  of  to-day,  and  that  the  price  here  had  to  be  governed 
by  the  universal  or  prevailing  price  of  raw  material  in  the  cotton  cen- 
ters of  the  world.  Thirty  years  ago,  too,  and,  in  fact,  down  to  within 
twelve  years  ago,  Mexican  silver  currency  was  on  a  par  with  Ameri- 
can gold,  while  to-day  the  Mexican  silver  dollar  is  worth  only  67  cents 
in  United  States  currency. 

USE   OF   OTHER  FIBERS. 

Up  to  the  present  time  no  fibers  of  any  kind  have  been  introduced 
here  to  compete  with  and  displace  cotton,  and  there  is  no  apparent 
tendency  to  such  displacement.  I  do  not  believe  that  the  substitution 
for  cotton  of  such  fibers  as  wool,  hemp,  jute,  flax,  or  ramie,  or  the  mix- 
ing of  cotton  with  other  fibers,  is  likely  to  meet  with  any  favor  here 
from  either  the  producer  of  cotton  or  from  the  consumer  and  manufac- 
turer, because,  first,  there  is  no  known  fiber  in  this  market  that  is  as 
soft,  fine,  and  pliable  as  cotton  and  which  could  assume  and  replace 
the  texture  of  cotton  fabrics;  and  second,  because  the  displacement  of 
cotton  by  any  class  of  fiber  would  require  a  complete  change  in  the 
machinery  that  is  now  in  use  and  entail  an  immediate  loss  and  unde- 
sirable expense  upon  the  manufacturer  which  would  be  difficult  of  com- 
putation. The  fiber  produced  in  this  district  comes  from  the  Magay  or 
Agave  plant,  of  which  there  are  many  varieties  in  almost  inexhaustible 
abundance  (a  genus  of  plants  of  the  order  Amai-yllidacece),  and  enters 
only  into  the  manufacture  of  sacking,  matting,  and  rope,  which  is 
entirely  too  coarse  to  enter  the  field  of  competition  with  cotton. 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

The  grade  of  cotton  which  is  raised  in  this  district  is  very  undesirable, 
especially  on  account  of  the  careless  picking  and  bad  ginning,  thus 
causing  a  loss  of  no  small  consideration  to  the  manufacturer,  who  cer- 
tainly prefers  the  American  cotton,  which  is  said  to  be  cleaner;  and  in 
a  clean  and  well  ginned  cotton  iiie  percentage  of  loss  is  greatly  dimin- 
ished while  it  is  being  worked  up  in  the  factories.  But  the  principal 
reason  why  raw  American  cotton  has  not  yet  found  its  way  into  the 
State  of  Chihuahua  is  on  account  of  the  high  protective  import  duty  of 
$2.55  per  100  pounds,  gross  weight. 

All  the  prices,  weights,  and  measures  given  in  this  report  arc  stated 
in  American  money,  weights,  and  measures. 
cot — vol  2 2 


18 


COTTON  CULTUEE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  by    Warner  P.  Sutton,   TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Nuevo  Laredo, 

Mexico. 


OCTOBER  20,  1892. 


The  values  in  the  following  tables  are  given  in  United  States  gold 
dollars  for  the  imports  and  in  Mexican  eagle  dollars  for  the  duties. 

Imports  into  Mexico  of  raw  and  manufactured  cotton  for  years  ending  June  30,  1SS9  and 

1890. 


1889. 

1890. 

Article. 

Quantity. 

Invoice 
value. 

Duty. 

Quantity. 

Invoice 
value. 

Duty. 

Kilos. 
31,  675 
8,  913,  320 

Dollars. 
2,397 
2,  006,  332 
4,  645,  638 

Dollars. 
950 
713, 066 
5, 752, 409 

Kilos. 

Dollan. 

Dollars. 

6, 751,  804 

1,  582,  393 
5,  065,  099 

540, 144 

6,407,910 

Total 

6,  654,  367 

6,  466,  485 

6,  647,  492 

6,  948,  054 

*  Quantity  not  given,  as  it  embraces  yards,  pieces,  spools,  etc. 

No  statistics  available  for  dates  since  June  30,  1890. 
For  year  ending  June  30, 1890,  the  imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods 
were  from  countries  as  below.    Duties  are  annexed. 


From— 


Imports. 


Duties. 


Great  Britain . . 
United  States .. 

Germany 

France.  1 

Other  countries 

Total  .... 


$3, 152,  430 

2,917,192 

179, 401 

334, 455 

34,  014 


6,  647,  492 


$4, 194,  573 

2,  088, 991 

186,  644 

449,  665 

28, 181 


6,  948, 054 


Report  of  Warner  P.  Sutton, 


TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Neuvo  Laredo, 
Mexico. 


DECEMBER  17,  1892. 

Cotton  was  cultivated  and  cotton  fabrics  were  manufactured  in 
Mexico  long  before  the  Spanish  conquest  by  Cortez.  At  many  points 
in  Mexico  the  cotton  plant  is  now  found  growing  in  a  completely  wild 
state,  and  this  same  condition  existed  before  the  conquest. 

Besides  white  cotton,  a  yellowish  cotton  called  "  coyote, "  and  by 
some  "coyuche,'7  grows  wild  in  Mexico. 

It  is  estimated  by  Sr.  Ruiz,  a  Mexican  historian,  that  the  annual  pro- 
duction of  cotton  before  the  conquest  was  about  116,000,000  pounds 
(equaling  232,000  American  bales  of  500  pounds  weight).  Under 
Spanish  rule  the  cultivation  and  manufacture  of  cotton  declined 
steadily,  and  this  decline  continued  for  many  years,  so  that  in  large  sec- 
tions the  industry  was  entirely  abandoned.  Some  new  impulse  Avas 
felt  about  1860,  and  since  1882  a  considerable  increase  has  been  made, 
so  that  now  there  is  some  acreage  devoted  to  cotton  in  every  State. 

Mexico  has  so  varied  a  climate,  from  tropic  to  subtropic,  temperate 
and  cold;  has  so  many  plateaus  and  valleys  between  mountain  ranges 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  19 

and  along  rivers  and  ocean,  that  there  are  very  few  States  where  much 
cotton  land  can  not  be  found.  Thus  far,  however,  it  is  only  fair  to  esti- 
mate, and  that,  too,  with  extreme  conservatism,  that  no  more  than  one 
bale  is  raised  where  a  hundred  might  be  if  the  capital  and  labor  needed 
were  supplied.  The  lack  of  laborers  is  the  most  important  obstacle, 
and  the  conditions  are  such  that  native  labor  can  not  be  easily  increased, 
at  least  in  sufficient  numbers  to  properly  develop  this  industry.  The 
greatest  population  is  usually  where  least  area  suitable  for  cotton  is 
close  at  hand,  and  the  laboring  class,  which  is  almost  entirely  of  the 
poorer  or  Indian  class,  can  not  be  easily  transplanted  to  locations 
where  more  land  is  available.  The  problem  of  immigration,  and  that, 
too,  on  an  extensive  scale,  is  a  most  potent  factor  in  the  future  develop- 
ment of  the  cotton  product.  All  attempts  at  this,  so  far,  are  still  experi- 
mental, and  none  give  special  promise  of  success. 

QUALITY  OF  THE   COTTON. 

The  cultivated  cotton  of  the  country  has  but  few  varieties.  All  may 
perhaps  be  classed  as  herb  or  bush,  with  subdivisions  of  white  and 
yellow,  commonly  called  "coyote."  As  regards  the  seeds,  there  are 
two  classes,  one  of  which  is  more  or  less  green,  and,  after  being  sepa- 
rated from  the  fiber,  still  retains  a  little  of  the  fine  wool.  The  other 
is  a  black  seed,  smaller,  and  no  wool  adheres  to  it  after  separation.  Of 
these  two  classes  the  last,  which  is  most  widely  distributed,  is  perhaps 
the  original  cotton  of  the  country,  and  may  properly  be  called  "  Mexi- 
can cotton." 

M.  F.  Biangoni,  in  "  Le  Mexique  "  (Paris,  1889),  says  that  the  longest 
fibered  cotton  of  Mexico  is  that  of  Acapulco,  State  of  Guerrero,  where  it 
reaches  a  length  of  37  millimeters  (about  l|  inches),  while  the  shortest 
is  that  called  "  coyote,"  produced  in  the  State  of  Chiapas,  and  which 
reaches  the  length  of  26  millimeters  (about  an  inch). 

TOTAL   PRODUCT. 

Sr.  Euiz,  in  his  report  on  "Cotton  in  Mexico,"  estimates  for  1892 
that  the  annual  product  reaches  31,774,441  kilograms  (probably  mean- 
ing unginned),  which,  at  10  cents  per  kilogram,  would  equal  the  value 
of  $3,177,444,  while  my  report,  previously  mentioned,  gives  the  total 
value  of  the  product  for  the  same  year  at  $6,605,831.  This  difference 
in  the  total  values  probably  comes  in  large  part  from  a  different  esti- 
mate of  the  prices  of  the  unginned  cotton,  which  varies  greatly  from 
year  to  year,  and  in  different  sections. 

M.  Biangoni,  in  "Le  Mexique,"  estimates  the  product  (unginned 
cotton)  as  follows : 

Kilograms. 

Gulf  Zone 20,000,000 

Pacific  Zone 12, 000, 000 

Interior  Zone 13,000,000 

Total 45,000,000 

At  any  rate  it  is  safe  to  estimate  the  quantity  of  cotton  at  30,000,000 
to  40,000,000  kilograms,  crude,  and  the  value  at  $5,000,000  to  $6,000,- 
000.  It  is  also  safe  to  estimate  that  with  well-directed  capital  sufficient 
laborers  could  be  found  in  many  sections  to  make  the  annual  product 
ten  times  what  it  is  now. 


20 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

Speaking  generally,  the  spinning  and  weaving  of  cotton  has  only 
received  an  inipluse  within  the  last  few  years  and  is  still  in  its  infancy. 
At  first  these  manufactories  were  confined  largely  to  the  interior  cities 
and  close  to  the  City  of  Mexico;  but  in  later  years  they  have  been 
extended  in  smaller  degree  to  every  portion  of  the  country,  so  that  now 
there  is  hardly  a  State  that  has  not  an  establishment,  large  or  small, 
for  spinning  and  weaving  cotton. 

Sr.  Euiz  estimated  for  1892  that  there  were  then  more  than  100 
factories  for  spinning  and  weaving  wool  and  cotton,  of  which  more  than 
eighty  were  devoted  entirely  to  cotton,  and  represented  a  value  of  more 
than  $8,000,000  in  machinery  and  buildings,  and  employed  some  11,000 
individuals,  men,  women,  and  children.  He  estimated  that  these  facto- 
ries consumed  annually  13,000,000  kilograms*  of  ginned  cotton,  which 
would  about  represent  the  total  product  of  the  country,  t 

He  estimated  that  these  factories  had  237,890  spindles,  9,000  looms, 
turned  out  annually  318,281  pieces  of  common  cotton  cloth,  229,510  kilo- 
grams of  thread,  22,880  pieces  of  stamped  cotton  goods,  35,300  kilo- 
grams of  wicking,  etc.  Since  that  time  there  has  been  a  notable  increase 
in  the  cotton  manufactures;  an  increase  which  is  steady  and  in  the 
future  likely  to  reach  considerable  proportions. 

Sr.  A.  Garcia  Cubas,  in  his  "  Etude  Geographique  des  Etats  Unis 
Mexieains,"  Mexico,  1S89,  gave  the  following  data  as  to  cotton  factories : 


Number 
of  mills. 


Pieces  of 
cloth. 


Value  of 
product. 


Federal  District 
Aguas  Calientes 

Coahnila 

Colima 

Chihuahua 

Durango 

Guanajuato 

Guerrero 

Hidalgo 

Jalisco 

Mexico 

Michoacan 

Nuevo  Leon 

Oaxaca 

Pueblo 

Queretaro 

San  Luis  Potosi. 

Sinaloa 

Sonora  

Tlascala  

Vera  Cruz 

Yucatan 

Zaoatccas 

Total 


452,  400 

36, 0U0 

302,  000 

48,  000 

90,  800 

150,  000 

272, 400 

24, 000 

16,  800 

2S2,  000 

186,  800 

114,  000 

54,  000 

72,  000 

995,  200 

150,  000 

33, 408 

141,  600 

12, 000 

26, 400 

87,  000 

15,  600 

6,000 


3, 568,  408 


$1,  583, 400 

126,  000 

1, 142,  000 

168,  000 

315,  000 

525, 000 

953, 400 

(*> 

58,  800 

987,  000 

653,  800 

399,  000 

189,  000 

252,  000 

3, 483,  200 

525,  000 

116,  928 

495,  600 

42,  000 

92,  400 

304,500 

54,  600 

21,  000 


12, 487,  623 


:  Value  not  {riven. 


The  average  of  wages  is  lower  than  $1,  that  amount  being  paid  to 
men  in  two  factories  and  to  women  in  one.  The  lowest  wages  stated 
for  men  is  37  cents  per  day,  while  the  lowest  prices  stated  for  women  is 
25  cents. 

The  present  low  price  for  this  staple  hinders  its  increased  product 
here,  as,  even  with  import  duty  and  freight  charges,  the  United  States 

*  A  kilogram  is  equal  to  2.L'04  pounds  (say  2!,  pounds.) 

t  About  40,000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  from  the  United  States  to 
Mexico. — A.  B.  S. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  21 

furnishes  one-third  more  or  less  of  the  total  consumed  in  the  factories 
of  this  country. 

1  apprehend  that  any  present  increase  in  the  amount  grown  here  will 
be  more  than  taken  up  by  increased  manufacturing  demands,  so  that 
the  imports  from  the  United  States,  now  some  7,000,000  or  8,000,000 
kilometers  per  annum,  will  hold  up,  or  even  increase. 


Report  of  Eugene  O.  FecJiet,  U.  S.  consul  at  Piedms  Negras,  Mexico. 

MARCH  25,  1S93. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  cotton  yield  of  the  entire  Republic  of  Mex- 
ico conies  from  the  State  of  Coahuila. 

The  cotton  area  of  Coahuila  consists  of  the  following  districts:  The 
Laguna,  the  San  Pedro  or  Matamoras,  and  the  Rio  Grande.  In 
describing  the  Laguna  district,  a  general  description  of  cotton  cultiva- 
tion as  practiced  in  Mexico  will  be  given. 

LAGUNA   DISTRICT. 

This  famous  district,  producing  over  one-half  of  all  the  cotton  raised 
in  Mexico,  is  situated  in  the  extreme  southwestern  part  of  the  State  of 
Coahuila.  some  300  miles  from  Eagle  Pass,  Tex.  The  Mexican 
International  and  Mexican  Central  railways  skirt  this  district,  thus 
providing  an  outlet  for  the  cotton  crop  over  two  trunk  systems  of 
railroad. 

This  district  comprises  thirty  five  great  haciendas,  divided,  for  pur- 
poses of  cultivation  and  leasing,  into  ranches  of  from  1  to  10  "lotes" 
of  250  acres  each  "lote." 

Smaller  subdivisions  are  common  between  tenants  and  subtenants. 

The  soil  throughout  this  district  is  especially  adapted  to  cotton-cul- 
ture, since  the  district  is  an  immense  alluvial  deposit  of  great  depth, 
artesian  well  borings  showing  a  depth  ot  1,300  feet. 

The  Xazas  River,  rising  in  the  Sierra  Madre  Mountain,  north  and  west 
of  Dura n go  City,  divides  the  Laguna  district  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts,  and  furnishes  the  water  for  irrigation.  Water  is  taken  from  the 
river  at  three  large  dams,  or  "presas,"  and  conducted  to  the  lands  by 
a  system  of  canals,  the  longest  of  which  is  35  miles. 

Prior  to  1890  there  was  but  one  dam  in  this  entire  district,  but  with 
the  advent  of  railways,  affording  an  outlet  for  the  crop,  each  year  has 
seen  an  added  acreage  brought  under  cultivation,  and  new  and  larger 
dams  have  been  constructed. 

MAXNEIi   OF   CULTIVATION. 

The  "lotes"  are  divided  into  levels  according  to  the  formation  of  the 
ground,  and  inclosed  by  ridges  or  banks  of  earth  high  enough  to  hold 
3  feet  of  water  on  each  level.  The  first  irrigation  takes  place  about 
the  middle  of  October  of  each  year,  and  is  sufficient  to  insure  a  good 
crop  the  following  year,  provided  there  is  enough  water  to  flood  the 
land  to  a  depth  of  at  least  one  foot.  The  second  irrigation  comes  about 
middle  of  January,  when  water  is  abundant,  is  beneficial,  but  not  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  the  crop.  The  lands  are  flooded  once  or  twice,  or  as 
long  as  the  water  lasts,  which  is  about  three  weeks. 


22  COTTON   CULTURE,  COTTON   MANUFACTURES,   AND 

Plowing  with  one-horse  plows  begins  about  January  1  and  continues 
until  March.    The  ground  is  plowed,  cross-plowed,   and   harrowed. 

Seeding  commences  about  March  1;  the  ground  is  lined  off  by 
workers  into  squares  5  by  5  feet  and  a  small  handful  of  seed  is  placed  in 
each  square  and  covered  with  soil;  when  the  cotton  plants  are  one  foot 
in  height,  the  number  in  each  "mata"  or  square  is  reduced  to  4  or 
5  stalks,  and  the  plants  are  then  well  hilled.  Cultivators  are  used 
at  least  four  times  in  March,  April,  May,  and  June.  Crop  gathering 
includes  six  "piacas"  or  pickings;  the  first  picking  commences  about 
July  5,  and  the  others  follow  at  intervals  of  about  one  month,  or 
until  the  first  frost,  usually  late  in  December. 

In  this  district,  presumably  from  the  immense  alluvial  depth,  the 
root  of  the  cotton  penetrates  the  soil  until  it  finds  moisture  sufficient  to 
maintain  it,  thus  securing  the  life  of  the  plant  against  drought. 

In  digging  wells  cotton  roots  have  been  encountered  at  a  depth  of  50 
feet. 

Owing  to  this  fortunate  peculiarity  annual  seeding  or  planting  is  not 
practiced;  some  of  the  planters  replant  every  fourth  year,  while  some 
planters  are  gathering  cotton  from  seed  planted  twenty-two  years  ago. 
The  general  rule  is  to  replant  every  seventh  year.  So  that,  after  the 
first  planting,  the  work  for  the  next  six  years  will  consist  in  irrigating 
in  October  and  January,  collecting  and  burning  dead  stalks  in  Feb- 
ruary, and  in  March  replanting  where  roots  have  failed  to  sprout,  about 
4  to  5  in  each  100  squares,  and  cultivating  and  picking  as  in  previous 
years. 

The  only  serious  drawback  to  cotton-raising  in  this  region  is  that 
water  for  irrigation  fails  every  three  to  four  years. 

The  largest  drought  ever  experienced  in  this  district  covered  a  period 
of  three  years,  1889, 1890, 1891. 

The  only  solution  of  the  problem  how  to  tide  over  the  years  of  drought 
is  in  enlarged  systems  of  reservoirs.  Few  countries  are  better  adapted 
than  Mexico  for  the  construction  of  immense  reservoirs  and  dams. 

Under  favorable  conditions  the  cotton  yield  from  the  Laguna  district 
is  50,000  bales  of  500  pounds,  or  25,000,000  pounds. 

COST  AND   PROFIT. 

Taking  one  "lote"  of  250  acres,  the  items  of  cost  and  profit  are  as 
follows : 

Irrigating,  plowing,  planting,  and  cultivating  250  acres $2,  000. 00 

Picking 1,200.00 

Ginning,  baliug,  netting,  etc.,  three-fourths  cent  per  pound;  three-hfths  of 

a  bale  per  acre,  150  bales  or  75,000  pounds 562.  50 

Rent  of  land 1,500.00 

Seeds,  implements,  mules,  feed,  etc 1,  0U0. 00 

Total 6,262.50 

The  average  yield  of  seed  cotton  per  "lote"  of  250  acres  is  10,000 
arobas,  or  150  bales  of  ginned  cotton  of  500  pounds  to  the  bale.  This 
sells  readily  at  15  cents  per  pound  or  $75  per  bale,  or  the  gross  value 
of  the  lote  of  250  acres  at  three-fifths  of  a  bale  to  the  acre  is  $11,250; 
deducting  cost,  $6,262.50,  the  profit  is  $4,987.50,  or  a  net  gain  of  nearly 
$5,000  per  year  on  250  acres  of  cotton  land,  or  $20  per  acre. 

BALING,  GINNING,   ETC. 

The  cotton  is  put  in  bales  of  500  pounds,  bound  with  six  ties,  and 
covered  with  a  netting.  This  netting  (or  bagging)  is  sold  at  $3  per 
roll  of  50  varas  (say  45g  yards,  a  vara  being  32.9  inches). 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  23 

Native  cotton  will  average  from  three-fifths  to  five-eighths  of  a  bale  per 
acre,  and  cotton  from  American  seed  from  three-quarters  to  one  bale  per 
acre.  As  the  American  seed  has  to  be  planted  annually  and  requires 
more  irrigation  than  the  native  seed,  very  little  of  it  is  planted  in  the 
Laguna  district. 

Land  rents  from  $1,000  to  S2,000  per  "lote"  of  250  acres,  according 
to  location  and  resulting  more  or  less  advantageous  water-rights. 

Under  favorable  conditions  the  annual  crop  yield  of  cotton  for  the 
Laguna  district  is  50,000  bales,  valued  at  $3,750,000. 

THE   SAN  PEDRO   OR  MATAMORAS  DISTRICT. 

This  is  virtually  a  part,  topographically,  of  the  Laguna  or  Eio 
Mazas  districts,  and  the  yield  of  50,000  bales  includes  the  entire  region 
watered  by  the  Eio  Nazas. 

About  one-half  of  the  cotton  from  the  Eio  Nazas  region  goes  to  Mex- 
ico City,  the  balance  to  Durango,  Munclova,  and  Turbanis,  and  is  made 
up  into  cotton  domestics,  or  mixed  with  wool  and  made  into  blankets. 

THE  RIO   GRANDE  DISTRICT. 

The  various  subdivisions  of  this  district  which  are  situated  in  the 
valley  of  the  Eio  Grande  Eiver  are  as  follows: 

Acres. 
Jurisdiction  of  Ciudad  Porlirio  Diaz  and  including  congregation  of  Moral: 

Cotton  land,  irrigable 1,  500 

Cotton  land,  non-irrigable 300 

Jurisdiction  of  Villa  de  Puente,  cotton  lands  under  cultivation,  irrigable 800 

Ranchos  San  Domingo,  Texas,  and  otbers,  irrigable 100 

Jurisdiction  of  Guerrero,  irrigable  lands  in  cotton 700 

Jurisdiction  of  Jimenes,  including  Villa  Gaaza  Galan  and  El  Ballado,  partly 

irrigable  and  partly  non-irrigable 1,  200 

Jurisdict  ion  of  Zaragoza  and  El  Remolino,  irrigable 800 

Jurisdiction  of  Nava  and  Sancedo,  irrigable 300 

Jurisdiction  of  Rosales  and  Gigedo,  irrigable 400 

Jurisdiction  of  San  Juan  de  Allende,  irrigable 1,  500 

Jurisdiction  of  Morelos,  irrigable 1,  000 

Total  under  cotton,  more  or  less 8,  600 

The  estimated  yield  for  the  year  is  3,750  bales  of  500  pounds,  of  an 
estimated  value  of  8281,250. 

Iu  this  district  the  modes  of  cultivation  are  as  in  the  Laguna  district, 
except  that  seed  is  planted  each  year.  The  American  seed  is  used. 
As  a  general  rule  the  cultivation  is  less  thorough  in  this  district  than 
in  the  Laguna  region  and  hence  less  cotton  per  acre  is  produced. 

The  Mexican  cotton  is  of  shorter  staple  and  coarser  than  that  from 
the  United  States,  and  does  not  bleach  as  white. 

Accurate  statistics  of  the  importation  of  cotton  from  the  United 
States  annually  are  not  here,  but  the  bulk  imported  varies  from  50,000 
to  75,000  bales,  according  to  the  domestic  yield,  winch  ranges  from 
00,000  to  80,000  bales  in  fair  years,  to  less  than  40,000  bales  in  years  of 
deficient  water  for  irrigation.  The  customs  duty  is  the  same  on  all 
grades  of  raw  cotton. 


u 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Statement  of  cotton  in  bales  imported  to   Mexico  from  the   United  States  at  the  Port  of 
Piedras  Negras,  Mexico,  during  the  period  from  January  1, 1892,  to  February  28,  1893. 


Months. 


1892 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July  

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

1893. 

January 

February 

Total 


Mexican  sil- 

ver values  as 

Bales. 

"Weight. 

declared  at 
Mexican 
custom- 

house. 

Kilograms. 

1,343 

322.  087 

$40, 350 

380 

92,  678 

12.  000 

400 

97,  547 

9,200 

1,550 

395,  432 

61,  500 

1,380 

322, 369 

36, 983 

2 

479 

62 

140 

35,449 

6,345 

204 

50,  603 

9,703 

191 

46,  586 

7,626 

580 

143,  030 

28,  500 

1,257 

264, 456 

48,  724 

1,718 

428, 968 

83, 130 

84 

21, 448 

4,100 

350 

89,  842 

17,  450 

9,585 

a2,  310, 974 

365, 673 

a  Or  5,094,775  pounds. 

The  actual  value  of  the  cotton  imported  is  about  8i  cents  per  pound.  U.  S.  coin.    Declared  values 
at  custom-house  are  too  small. 
Bales  average  531  pounds.    Average  custom-house  valuation,  7.1  cents  per  pound. 


Report  of  John  Woessner,  U.  S.  consul  at  Saltillo,  Mexico. 

JULY  22,  1893. 

I  have  to  report  that  in  this  consular  district  there  is  do  cotton 
planted  nor  produced,  as  this  climate  is  not  suitable  for  its  growing, 
being  too  cool  here  all  the  year  round.  Most  of  the  cotton  consumed 
here  at  the  domestic  factories  is  imported  from  the  United  States, 
except  in  years  when  rain  is  plentiful;  then  it  is  brought  from  the 
"Laguna"  lands  in  this  State  (Coahuila)  and  Durango.  According  to 
information,  as  stated  to  me  by  a  Mexican  farmer  in  San  Pedro, 
this  State,  there  are  about  280  "  lotes "  of  land  under  cultivation. 
Each  "lote"*  is  about  1200  varas  square,  capable  of  producing  on  an 
average  about  IS, 000  "  arrobas"  of  25  pounds  each  of  cotton  in  the  seed. 
American  seed,  the  first  year,  gives  very  good  results;  the  second  year 
the  crop  nearly  all  dries  up,  while  the  Mexican  or  "criollo"  seed  the 
first  year  does  not  yield  very  largely;  the  second  and  succeeding  years 
the  yield  is  better  and  good  up  to  the  seventh  year,  and  after  that  time 
produces  good  crops  up  to  about  the  twelfth  year.  The  "  criollo"  seed 
with  one  good  rain  will  insure  a  good  crop  of  cotton.  After  planting, 
the  mode  of  cultivation  used  by  many  is  as  follows:  The  land  is  irri- 
gated first,  without  plowing,  in  September  and  October.  In  about  a 
month  after  the  land  is  plowed  and  covered  over  again  and  left  in  that 
condition  until  the  following  March,  when  the  cotton  begins  to  come 
up,  and  then  the  vacant  places  in  the  field  are  planted.  The  field  is 
cleared  three  or  four  times  a  year. 

'Compiler's  note. — A  loto  is  equal  to  250  acres,  and  the  yield  us  given  would  be 
1,800  pounds  of  unginned  or  seed  cottou  per  acre,  equal  to  500  to  GOO  pounds  of  ginned 
or  lint  cotton. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  25 

On  first-class  land  each  plant  produces  from  5  to  2f>  pounds  of  cotton 
in  seed.  "Peon"  labor  is  50  cents  per  day.  Cotton  is  worth,  in  seed, 
one  dollar  per  "arroba"  of  25  pounds,  and  free  of  seed,  $18  per  100 
pounds.  In  good  years,  when  rain  is  plentiful,  the  financial  results  of 
cotton  planting-  in  that  section  have  been  wonderful;  many  have  made 
fair  fort  unes  in  two  or  three  years.  Land  in  this  "  Laguna"  country  is 
very  high,  and  very  few  care  to  sell  at  any  price  unless  they  get  in  debt 
and  are  hard  up  for  cash. 

On  account  of  the  severe  drought  which  we  have  there  will  be  only 
a  small  crop  of  cotton  raised  in  this  State  this  year. 

The  low  price  of  silver  has  stagnated  all  kinds  of  business  with  the 
United  States,  and  unless  the  white  metal  improves  in  value  soon,  it  is 
more  than  probable  that  this  country  will  soon  suffer  very  severely  in 
all  branches  of  business. 


Report  of  A.  Lieberlcnecht,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Tampico,  Mexico. 

JULY  19,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  grown  in  this  district,  nor  any  fibers  which  compete 
with  and  displace  cotton. 

While  the  soil  and  climate  here  seem  to  be  very  favorable  for  the  pro- 
duction of  cotton,  rice,  corn,  and  all  kinds  of  tropical  fruit,  the  soil  lies 
idle  and  uncultivated. 


Report  of  John  Drayton,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Tnxpan,  Mexico. 

SEPTEMBER  21,  1892. 

In  this  consular  district,  and  surrounding  country  there  is  no  cotton 
grown.  What  little,  whfth  may  be  produced  in  the  higher  table  lands 
or  mountain  ridges,  is  either  locally  consumed  or  the  surplus,  if  there 
is  any,  is  sent  to  Puebla,  to  be  manufactured  into  cotton  or  mixed 
goods.  There  being  no  factories  in  this  section,  cotton  cloths,  pure  and 
mixed,  are  imported  from  the  United  States,  England,  France,  and  Ger- 
many.    European  goods  are  said  to  be  the  cheapest. 


Report  of  Dclos  E.  Smith,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Nogales,  Mexico. 

OCTOBER  G,  1892. 

There  is  but  little  cotton  grown  in  this  consular  district.  There  is  a 
cotton  factory  located  at  Los  Angeles,  Sonora,  within  this  consular  dis- 
trict, which  manufactures  manta,  a  coarse,  unbleached  cotton  cloth. 

1  believe  there  are  many  acres  in  southern  Sonora  which  could  be 
utilized  for  cotton  planting,  but  it  will  doubtless  be  many  years  before 
capita]  will  take  hold  of  the  matter  in  earnest. 


26       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  John  B.  Richardson,    TJ.  S.  consul  at   Matamoras,  Mexico. 

NOYE3IBEU  29,  1892. 

There  has  been  no  exportation  of  cotton  from  this  district  for  several 
years,  and  only  a  little,  if  any,  raised.  It  is  decidedly,  in  my  judgment, 
a  cotton-producing  country.  Col.  Tucker,  of  Santa  Maria,  Texas,  has 
been  successful  in  the  production  of  first-class  sea-island  cotton  on  his 
ranch  upon  the  Rio  Grande.  He  informs  me  that  his  cotton  in  quality 
is  equal  to  the  best,  and  can  be  profitably  produced. 


COTTON  CULTIVATION  IN  MEXICO. 

In  a  recently  published  book  upon  Mexico,  M.  Biaconi  makes  the 
following  statements  in  reference  to  cotton  cultivation  in  that  Repub- 
lic. "  The  cotton  plant  is  grown  on  the  shores  of  the  two  oceans  and 
in  the  interior  of  the  country  in  certain  districts,  in  the  province  of 
Chihuahua,  Coahuila,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  Durango."  He  is  of  opinion 
that  if  all  the  land  suitable  for  the  purpose  were  put  under  cultivation 
the  Mexican  Republic  might  easily  become  a  rival  of  the  United  States 
in  the  production  of  cotton. 

"  From  time  immemorial  cotton  has  been  an  object  of.  the  first 
importance  in  Mexico.  It  was,  indeed,  far  more  prominent  under  the 
Aztec  monarchy  than  in  our  own  days.  The  use  of  cotton  garments 
prevailed  generally  among  the  ancient  Mexicans,  and  at  the  beginning 
of  the  present  century  cotton  was  worth  3  to  4  times  less  at  Vera 
Cruz  than  elsewhere.  Since  then,  however,  Mexico  has  remained  sta- 
tionary, from  the  agricultural  point  of  view,  or  rather  has  gone  back 
to  such  a  degree  that  now  it  does  not  count  among  the  countries  which 
export  cotton,  but  it  is  obliged  to  purchase  cotton  for  its  own  needs 
from  the  United  States. 

"  Nevertheless  Mexican  cotton  is  a  superior  article,  particularly  that 
of  Vera  Cruz.  This  is  proved  by  the  circumstance  that  130  to  140 
plants  of  the  cotton  of  Tlacotalpam  are  sufficient  to  produce  100  livres 
of  filament,  whereas  in  Texas  more  than  200  plants  are  required  to 
produce  the  same  result.  In  the  State  of  Guerrero  the  difference  in 
favor  of  Mexican  cotton  is  still  more  marked.  The  best  cotton  in 
Mexico  is  produced  in  that  State  at  Acapulco,  the  fiber  attaining  a 
length  of  37  millimeters;  and  the  worst  is  that  of  Simojovel,  in 
Chiapas,  which  measures  only  2G.5  millimeters. 

"The  annual  production  of  cotton  in  Mexico  amounts,  according  to 
the  most  recent  statistics,  to  20,000,000  kilos  for  the  Gulf  zone, 
12,000,000  kilos  for  the  Pacific  zone,  and  13,000,000  kilos  for  the  inte- 
rior zone — in  all  to  45,000,000  kilos.  In  the  zone  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
is  the  district  of  Vera  Oruz,  where  the  lands  appropriate  for  the  culti- 
vation of  the  cotton  plant  are  so  abundant.  The  most  productive  dis- 
tricts are Cosamaloapam,with  1,302,000 kilos;  Tantoyuca, with  1,152,000 
kilos;  Tux  pain,  with  1,200,000  kilos,  and  the  Tuxtlas,  with  1,008,000 
kilos.  These  I ign res,  however,  are  those  of  four  years  ago.  Since  then 
they  have  almost  tripled. 

"On  the  slope  of  the  Pacific  the  cultivation  of  cotton  comprises  the 
whole  coast  almost  without  interruption.  In  the  State  of  Sonora,  in 
the  valleys  of  Yaqui  and  Mayo,  in  the  Sinaloa,  in  the  valley  of  Fuerte, 
at  Tepic  especially,  and  at  Santiago,  the  land  exhibits  astonishing  fer- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  27 

tility.  It  is  not  uncommon,  indeed,  to  see  a  crop  of  300  to  400  arrobas 
(3,750  kilos)  on  ufanega  of  cultivated  ground  (506  hectares).  In  the 
valley  of  Santiago  and  in  Tepic  5  times  as  much  land  might  be  culti- 
vated as  is  cultivated  at  present,  and  it  might  be  easily  made  to  yield 
1,000,000  kilos.  The  States  of  Jalisco,  Michoacan,  Oaxaca,  and  Guerrero 
are  those  most  favored  by  nature.  The  last-mentioned  State  has  been 
the  principal  furnisher  of  the  raw  material  ever  since  the  establishment 
of  the  tirst  factories.  The  laying  of  railways  has  favored  other  zones 
of  production. 

"  In  Oaxaca  the  districts  most  fitted  for  production  and  most  pro- 
ductive are  Pochutla,  Tehuantepec,  Juchitan,  Tuxtepec,  and  Jamilte- 
pec.  An  interesting  fact  which  demonstrates  the  superiority  of  Oax- 
aca for  the  production  of  cotton  is  the  circumstance  that  there  was  an 
epoch  at  which  all  the  cotton  plantations  were  destroyed  by  some  cause 
unknown  to  us,  and  Oaxaca  alone  resisted  the  destroying  influences. 
It  may  even  be  affirmed  that  all  the  cotton  cultivated  in  the  Mexican 
Republic  at  the  present  time  has  been  furnished  by  seeds  from  Oaxaca. 
The  State  of  Chiapas  is  also  one  of  the  producers,  but  its  distance  and 
isolation  has  hitherto  hindered  it  from  making  much  progress.  In  the 
interior  of  the  country,  although  there  exists  no  continuous  stretch  of 
land  specially  favorable  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton,  there  are,  neverthe- 
less, centers  which  are  either  productive  or  capable  of  becoming  produc- 
tive. In  the  States  of  Chihuahua,  Durango,  Coahuila,  and  Nuevo  Leon, 
the  crop  lately  amounted  to  1,500,000  kilos.  In  Durango,  the  region  fer- 
tilized by  the  Nazas  (the  Mexican  Nile),  the  production  has  reached 
5,000,000  kilos.  At  Coahuila  it  has  attained  to  1,000,000  kilos.  The 
Central  railway  for  Durango,  Chihuahua,  and  Jalisco;  the  National 
railway  for  Michoacan  and  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  Interoceanie  rail 
way  for  Guerrero  and  Morellos,  will  facilitate  very  greatly  the  success- 
ful cultivation  of  cotton." 


Report  of  James  J.  Peterson,   U.  S.  consul  at  Tegucigalpa,  Honduras. 

MAT  20,  1893. 

Of  the  25,000,000  acres  of  land  supposed  to  be  contained  within  the 
limits  of  this  Republic,  at  least  8,000,000  acres  are  particularly  adapted 
to  cotton-growing,  for  export,  owing  to  the  rich  alluvial  soil,  climatic 
advantages,  and  natural  maritime  shipping  facilities. 

Cotton  can  be  grown  successfully  in  almost  any  part  of  this  Republic, 
but  a  strip  of  land  300  miles  long  by  about  50  miles  wide,  with  many 
ports  on  the  Atlantic  side,  is  sooner  or  later  destined  to  become  a  most 
important  cotton  belt.  Lack  of  labor  will  probably  for  years  be  a  seri- 
ous drawback  to  such  agricultural  enterprise,  but  this  disadvantage 
will  be  more  than  compensated  by  greater  crops  of  a  superior  quality, 
because  the  plant  grows  abundantly  in  a  wild  state  throughout  the 
forests,  often  to  the  height  of  15  feet,  and  capable  of  sustaining  a  man's 
weight.  However,  while  coffee- growing  offers  anything  like  half  the 
profits  it  at  present  returns — and  that  will  be,  probably,  for  many  years 
owing  to  the  steady  increase  of  consumption  over  production  due  to  the 
opening  of  fresh  markets  like  Russia,  and  a  tendency  on  the  part  of  the 
Brazilians  to  devote  their  best  efforts  to  revolutionizing — few  agricul- 
turists in  these  countries  will  give  serious  thought  to  the  subject  of 
cotton  or  sugar  growing,  since  sugar  can  also  be  advantageously  grown 
on  the  belt  of  land  mentioned. 


28       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

As  the  question  now  stands,  there  is  absolutely  no  cotton  exported 
from  this  Republic,  either  raw  or  manufactured,  and  as  a  prospective 
industry  it  depends  upon  future  agricultural  development  of  the 
Republic. 

In  regard  to  the  consumption  of  cotton,  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  of 
the  Department's  circular,  I  have  said  above  that  there  are  no  exporta- 
tions,  and  I  must  say  that  statistics  regarding  importations  into  this 
Republic  are  exceedingly  scarce  and  as  unreliable  as  scarce. 

Fibers,  such  as  jute,  hemp,  flax,  etc.,  have  no  tendency  to  displace 
cotton  in  these  countries,  but  there  is  a  growing  tendency  on  the  part 
of  the  English  and  French  manufacturers  to  mix  cotton  in  woolen 
goods  for  men's  wear. 

American-manufactured  cottons  are  more  sought  and  desired  by  the 
natives  in  this  country,  and  the  only  reason  I  can  see  why  our  country 
does  not  lead  in  the  commercial  race  in  that  line  is  the  lack  of  business 
foresight  on  the  part  of  our  manufacturers  regarding  commercial  agents 
or  "  drummers,"  packing,  and  goods  being  bolted  in  suitable  lengths. 

English  packing,  when  compared  with  American,  seems  advantageous 
enough  in  itself  to  take  the  entire  trade  away  from  the  United  States, 
even  admitting  that  we  give  better  goods  for  the  same  price,  which  is 
a  fact.  Cotton  cloths  are  press-baled  by  the  English  in  weights  to  suit 
either  mule  packing  or  carts,  and  before  being  sewed  in  gunny  sacks 
are  thoroughly  wrapped  in  paper  and  tarred  cloth  (called  embreado), 
that  absolutely  guarantees  them  from  damage  by  water.  This  is  very 
important,  as  about  one  out  of  every  ten  packages  which  are  slung 
from  the  steamer's  side  into  the  launches  are  wet  with  sea  water,  either 
by  being  dropped  overboard  »or  by  heavy  surf,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
rains  they  are  under  for  days  at  a  time  on  the  road  between  the  sea- 
ports and  their  ultimate  destination. 

1  believe  it  would  be  exceedingly  advantageous  to  American  trade 
in  general  if  the  boards  of  trade  in  our  large  cities  would  send  a  few 
hundred  young  men  to  England  to  study  the  science  and  art  of  packing 
for  export  to  countries  where  railroads  and  wharves  are  unknown. 

The  common  people  in  this  Republic,  as  well  as  in  all  Central  Amer- 
ica, use  exclusively  cotton  goods  for  clothing,  and  it  is  a  market  worth 
looking  after,  and,  as  said  above,  can  be  secured  if  American  manufac- 
turers will  take  the  pains  to  study  the  peculiarities  and  cater  to  the 
wants  of  these  people. 

To  the  American  cotton-planter  Honduras  offers  no  competition,  but 
Honduras,  as  well  as  Spanish  America  in  general,  offers  to  him  an 
indirect  market,  which  he  should  cultivate  through  the  American  manu- 
facturer of  cotton  goods  of  all  descriptions. 


Report  of  Edward  H.  Thompson,  JJ.  8.  consul  at  Mcrida,  Yucatan. 

JUNE  so,  lMi::. 

The  cotton  plant  is  indigenous  to  the  country. 

There  are  known  to  be  tour  species  indigenous  to  the  country,  and 
one  that  was  introduced  from  abroad. 

The  native  speeies  with  their  Maya  names  are:  Xt  ixintainan  (G.  17//- 
foliwm  of  Linnaeus),  a  species  of  sea  island  cotton,  having  a  smooth, 
black  seed;   X t uxtaman  [Q.  Tndicum  of  Lamark),  the  American  Green 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  29 

Seed,  having  the  seed  adhering  to  the  fiber;  Xtxoh-taman  and  Xchut- 
taman  (G.  Hibiscum  of  Linnaeus),  in  their  white  and  yellow  varieties. 

The  species  introduced  is  known  as  the  kidney  {G.  Arbor e sec ns).  Its 
smooth,  black  seeds  are  united,  and  the  cotton  it  produces  is  white  and 
of  long  line  liber. 

From  the  time  of  the  conquest  down  to  the  year  1831,  each  village 
made  its  own  cotton  cloth,  generally  from  the  bolls  growing  in  its  own 
limits  and  woven  in  hand-made  looms. 

During  the  year  1831  Pedro  de  Baranda,  an  educated,  progressive 
man,  the  father  of  Joaquin  Baranda,  the  present  minister  of  public 
works  of  Mexico,  built  the  first  cotton  factory  ever  erected  in  the 
province,  and,  by  the  exercise  of  great  perseverance  under  difficulties, 
succeeded  in  keeping  it  going  in  a  fairly  prosperous  condition  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  Then  having  lost  its  master  hand,  it  gradually 
ceased  to  be. 

During  our  civil  war  cotton -growing  in  Yucatan  became  very  lucra- 
tive, and  the  amount  annually  exported  (about  $750,000  worth)  was 
enormous,  considering  the  amount  of  territory  cultivated.  At  the  close 
of  the  war,  when  the  price  of  cotton  became  low,  Yucatan  turned  her 
attention  to  the  production  of  another  fiber,  the  native  henequen  (the 
sisal  grass  of  commerce),  gave  up  cotton-growing,  and  commenced  to 
import  in  quantity  our  cotton  stuffs. 

No  statistics  covering  the  period  from  1800  to  1890  are  available,  but 
it  is  estimated  that  from  the  close  of  the  war  until  the  end  of  the  cal- 
endar year  of  1892,  52,500,000  yards  of  cotton  cloth  were  consumed  iu 
the  State  of  Yucatan  alone.  About  10  per  cent  of  this  was  made  in 
the  homes  of  the  consumers  themselves  by  means  of  the  primitive 
handlooms  of  the  old  times,  the  remainder  being  imported  from  the 
United  States,  England,  and  the  northern  Mexican  States. 

So  utterly  has  Yucatan  ceased  to  be  a  cotton-producing  district  that 
the  product  of  the  handlooms  is,  at  present,  less  than  2  per  cent  of 
the  consumption,  and  in  1889  the  only  cotton-cloth  factory  in  the  State 
found  it  impossible  to  obtain  sufficient  native-grown  cotton  to  supply 
its  very  moderate  needs,  and  was,  as  a  consequence,  compelled  to  send 
to  New  Orleans  for  the  raw  cotton.  The  above  facts  are  more  strange 
when  it  is  known  that  in  other  portions  of  the  Mexican  Bepublic  (nota- 
bly in  Puebla)  cotton  factories  are  springing  up  and  are  apparently 
prosperous. 

The  percentage  of  cotton  cloth  made  in  the  factories  of  north  Mex- 
ico and  brought  into  Yucatan  is  large  and  constantly  increasing,  while 
the  importation  from  the  United  States  is  proportionately  decreasing. 
This  fact  is  not  owing  to  any  fault  of  our  cotton  manufacturers,  for 
merchants  and  people  prefer  it  to  the  products  of  the  Mexican  looms, 
but  the  heavy  duty  makes  an  obstacle  too  great  to  be  overcome. 
Thus  Yucatan  has  become  practically  lost  to  us  as  a  purchaser  of  cotton 
cloth,  although  we  still  take  from  her  over  90  per  cent  of  her  entire 
output  of  henequen  (sisal  grass)  at  a  good  profit  on  the  actual  cost. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  no  country  of  the  same  population  consumes  as 
much  white  cotton  goods  as  Yucatan.  The  Indians  and  half-breeds, 
both  men  and  women,  dress  almost  entirely  in  this  material,  and  as 
these  two  classes  constitute  a  large  percentage  of  the  population,  it  is 
plain  that  the  amount  of  cotton  cloth  used  is  very  great. 


30 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  U.  S.  Consul  Yiosca,  of  La  Paz,  Lower  California. 

DECEMBER  10,  1892. 

Sincel880  dates  the  cultivation  of  cotton  in  Lower  California.  Exten- 
sive plantations  have  been  started  in  various  districts.  San  Jose  of 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  Miraflores  and  Cadoano  valleys  have  raised  cotton 
quite  extensively.  The  first  seed  for  planting  having  been  obtained 
from  New  Orleans  and  the  Mexican  State  of  Guerrero  for  the  first 
year's  experiment,  giving  the  planters  very  encouraging  results  with 
the  planting  of  cotton  seed.  The  planting,  cultivating,  and  the  pro- 
duction of  the  indigenous  cotton  tree  has  also  progressed,  giving  two 
crops  a  year. 

As  a  consequence,  a  market  for  the  consumption  had  to  be  looked 
for,  and  the  cotton  manufacturing  companies  of  Mazatlan  and  Culia- 
can,  Sinaloa,  and  the  owners  of  the  factory  at  Sonora,  eagerly  became 
the  interested  purchasers  of  the  fiber  and  are  still  the  principal  con- 
sumers. 

Cotton  planting  is  not  now  carried  on  as  extensively  as  in  former 
years,  sugar  planting  having  taken  its  place,  the  depression  in  prices 
being  mainly  the  cause.  Nevertheless,  a  usual  yearly  export  of  cot- 
ton from  the  districts  mentioned  goes  to  the  said  Gulf  States  of  Mexico. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  the  easy  growth  of  the  native  indigenous 
plant.  The  tree  grows  wild,  needing  very  little  water.  The  life  of  the 
tree  lasts  fifteen  years  and  gives  a  crop  every  six  months. 

The  area  of  land  under  the  cultivation  of  cotton  is  very  limited,  con- 
sisting of  the  valleys  above  described.  No  accurate  information  as  to 
the  cost  of  raw  material  can  be  obtained  either  of  the  past  or  present, 
as  no  statistics  are  kept. 

Table  of  the  exportation  of  raw  cotton  during  the  years  1S80  to  1892. 


Year. 


Num- 
ber of 
bales. 


Weight. 


Value. 


1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1889 
1890 
1801 
1892 


1,082 

1,404 

1,126 

883 

1,  207 

874 

796 

902 

577 

483 

471 

509 


Pounds. 
282, 140 
385.  280 
337,  800 
307,  830 
325, 890 
262,  200 
228,  800 
279, GJO 
173, 100 

136,  206 

137,  956 
152,  700 


$16,  928.  40 

23, 116.  80 

20,  368.  00 

15,  391.  50 

14,  665.  05 

11,  799.  00 

11,  440.  00 

13,981.00 

10, 386.  00 

8,172.36 

8,  277.  36 

9, 925. 50 


Report  of  Thomas  Adamson,  TJ.  8.  consul  general  at  Panama,  Colombia. 


OCTOBEB  15, 1892. 

Cotton  growing  is  not  one  of  the  agricultural  industries  of  this 
department.  The  cotton  plant,  or  rather  cotton  tree — for  here  it  is  a 
perennial,  attaining  a  height  of  about  12  feet —  was  cultivated  on  this 
isthmus  from  1863  to  1865,  but  even  at  the  high  prices  then  obtained 
it  did  not  prove  profitable,  and  cotton  has  not  been  grown  for  sale 
since  that  time. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


31 


The  difficulties  with  which  that  industry  had  to  contend  weie:  (1) 
that  the  bolls  matured  during  the  season  of  heavy  rains,  which  injured 
the  staple;  (2)  the  caterpillars  assisted  in  the  ruin  of  the  crop;  and  (3) 
an  adequate  supply  of  laborers  could  not  be  had  when  they  were 
needed,  wherefore  the  crop  was  lost. 

Cotton  consumption  is  here  entirely  of  the  manufactured  article  in  its 
various  forms.  As  this  is  nominally  a  free  port,  duties  being  levied 
only  on  liquors,  tobacco,  and  meats,  there  is  jio  custom-house,  and  there- 
fore no  statistics  available  from  which  to  give  the  amount  of  manufac- 
tured goods  imported  from  each  country.  Neither  the  local  government 
nor,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  General  Government  has  ever  published  any 
books  or  documents  giving  the  data  desired  by  the  Senate  committee 


Report  of  James  If.  Aycrs,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Para,  Brazil. 

JULY  20,  1893. 

In  the  State  of  Maranham,  where  alone  of  the  three  States  of  the 
district  the  staple  (cotton)  is  grown,  our  agent  there  informs  me  that 
it  has  been  possible  only  to  obtain  very  incomplete  statistics,  and  then 
only  from  the  year  1876.  These  show  that  there  was  exported  from 
Maranham  to  other  ports  of  Brazil  and  to  Europe  cotton  in  bales  as 
follows,  in  kilograms  (1,000  kilograms  about  equal  1  long  ton,  2,240 
pounds)  : 


Year. 

Kilos. 

Year. 

Kilos. 

Year. 

Kilos. 

Year. 

Kilos. 

1876 

4, 162.  600 

3,739,70(1 

3,  510,  300 

4,  338,  800 
4, 852, 200 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

5,  422, 400 
5,  557, 500 
5, 217, 000 
4,  900,  500 
4,253,100 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

4, 065,  300 
5,466,500 
4.875,300  i 

3,  712, 100 

4,  404, 800 

1891 

1892 

Total.... 

5,  630,  500 

1877 

4, 120,  500 

1879 

78, 229, 190 

1880 

being  an  average  annual  export  for  the  seventeen  years  reported  of 
4,601,711  kilos  of  baled  cotton.  For  about  live  years  past  the  facilities 
for  manufacturing  cotton  cloth,  thread,  etc.,  have  been  gradually  increas- 
ing in  Maranham,  there  having  been  three  mills  working  for  some  years, 
making  goods  for  home  consumption,  but  none  for  export.  The  amount 
of  these  goods  manufactured  has  been  as  follows : 


Year. 

Cotton 
cloth. 

Cotton 
thread. 

1889 

Meters. 

85, 167 

97S,  103 

1,  523, 869 

1,  583, 153 

Kilos. 

287 

1890 

13,  692 

1891 

35, 130 

1892 

53,  982 

A  meter  is  about  39j>  inches.    A  kilogram  is  2J  pounds. 

Two  more  mills  began  operations  in  February  of  this  year,  and  their 
combined  product  to  the  end  of  April  of  this  year  was,  of  cotton  cloth, 
361,102  meters;  thread,  4,374  kilos.  The  weight  of  cotton  cloth  above 
produced  will  average  679,500  kilos  annually. 

There  is  no  knowledge  in  Maranham  of  any  fiber  of  any  kind  being 


32      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

introduced  in  competition  with,  or  displacement  of,  cotton.  For  these 
items  1  am  indebted  to  our  consular  agent  at  Maranhain,  Mr.  Luiz  F. 
DaS.  Santos. 

From  Para  and  Manaos  I  have  been  unable  to  obtain  any  statistics 
of  importation. 

During  a  recent  trip  of  about  36  miles  northeast  from  here,  toward 
the  seaooast,  on  the  line  of  railroad  now  being  built  to  Salinas,  I  found, 
in  several  places,  experimental  cultivation  of  the  cotton  plant,  which 
seemed  quite  successful,  and  experts  say  there  is  no  reason  why,  in  the 
sandy  loam  of  all  that  region,  with  warm,  humid  climate,  and  no 
droughts,  the  culture  of  this  staple  might  not  be  made  a  perfect  success. 

There  is  no  cotton  produced  in  the  States  of  Para  or  Amazonas, 
because  there  no  effort  at  its  culture. 

It  is  impossible  to  obtain  auy  statistics  here  as  to  the  import  of  the 
staple  or  of  cotton  goods. 


Report  of  Edwin  Stevens,  U.  8.  consul  at  Pernambuco,  Brazil. 

MARCH  15,  1893. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  letter  written  to  Capt.  Merry,  December  2  last,  on 
the  subject  of  cotton  growth  in  this  section. 

"  We  have  in  the  cotton-growing  range  of  the  State  of  Pernambuco  a 
variety  of  soils  and  climate.  I  may  say — taking  from  the  coast  line 
up  to  the  high  plateau  of  the  interior.  There  are  two  native  varieties 
of  seeds,  which  are  productive  of  long  staple  and  of  unusual  strength, 
the  origin  of  which  is  unknown;  it  is  lost  in  its  antiquity. 

"These  two  varieties  are  known  here  as  'Herbaceo'  and  'Quebra- 
dinho.'  These  cotton  plants  bear  for  two  years;  they  seem  to  do  bet- 
ter in  the  drier  climate  of  the  interior  than  in  the  moister  lowlands 
along  the  coast." 

Messrs.  Boxwell  &  Williams,  merchants  of  this  place,  write  me  as 
follows : 

"The  varieties  of  cotton  planted  here  are  three,  viz,  Crioula,  Que- 
bradinho,  and  Herbaceo. 

"  Crioula, — A  plant  of  many  limbs  grows  to  a  height  of  2  to  3  meters. 
Bears  well  for  two  or  three  years.  Beaches  maturity  in  from  eight  to 
nine  months.  Incipient  bolls  appear  in  about  four  months.  Is  planted 
in  rows  about  2  meters  (about  79  inches)  distance  between  each  row. 
Does  best  in  a  heavy  soil.  Yields  300  kilos  (000  pounds)  of  ginned  cot- 
ton to  50  square  bracas.* 

u  Herbaceo. — Small  plant,  with  few  limbs,  grows  to  a  height  of  about 
2  feet.  Bears  only  once.  Matures  iu  from  five  to  six  months.  Incipi- 
ent bolls  in  two  and  a  half  to  three  months.  Does  best  in  light  or 
sandy  soils.  Planted  in  distances  of  one-half  meter  (about  20  inches) 
between  each  plant.     Yields  about  one-third  more  than  Crioula. 

"  Qucbradinho. — The  seed  most  planted  here  can  be  taken  as  the 
intermediate  of  the  two  above  in  every  particular.  Heavy  rains,  or 
say  excessive  rains  as  well  as  excessive  drought,  are  most  disastrous  to 
plants  of  all  varieties.    No  regular  system  of  cultivation." 

*Tlie  braca  is  about  7£  feet. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  33 

Report  of  W.  0.  Thomas,  U.  S.  consul  at  Bahia,  Brazil, 

JULY  25,  1S93. 
COTTON-GROWING. 

There  is  but  little  cotton  grown  in  this  State.  Indeed,  so  small  is  the 
cotton  growing-  industry  that  1  find  it  impossible  to  glean  any  informa- 
tion regarding  its  cultivation  that  would  be  of  any  practical  value.  A 
very  small  amount  of  cotton  is  grown  in  the  extreme  northwestern  part 
of  the  State;  but  the  kinds  of  seed,  mode  of  cultivation,  harvesting, 
etc.,  are  unknown  factors  here.  The  most  of  the  cotton  referred  to  finds 
its  way  to  the  port  of  Pernambuco. 

COTTON  CONSUMPTION. 

Probably  a  dozen  small  factories  are  scattered  over  the  State  of  Bahia 
devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  coarse  cloth  for  bagging  purposes.  For 
this  purpose  cotton  thread  is  imported  from  England;  just  how  much  I 
am  unable  to  say,  as  the  statistics  are  unavailable,  but  it  is  not  an 
appreciable  quantity,  as  the  industry  is  small.  From  what  I  can 
observe,  however,  the  State  of  Bahia,  and,  indeed,  all  Brazil,  is  realizing 
that  the  greatest  prosperity  waits  upon  the  nation  or  community  that 
manufactures  the  raw  into  the  finished  product,  and  an  era  of  factory 
building  is  setting  in.  The  bulk  of  the  fabrics,  of  whatsoever  character, 
consumed  in*  Brazil  are  imported  from  Europe,  principally  Great 
Britain. 

FIBERS  DISPLACING  COTTON. 

There  are  no  fibers  in  this  State  displacing  or  competing  with  cotton 


Report  of  L.  F.  da  S.  Santos,  U.  S.  consular  agent  at  Maranham,  Brazil. 

MARCH  16, 1893. 

The  average  crop  for  10,000  square  bracas  (measure  here  adopted,  1 
braca  is  equal  to  2. 2  meters*)  yields  for  the  shrub  cotton  of  the  coun- 
try 80  arrobas  of  32  pounds  each,  and  for  the  herbaceous  kind,  or  North 
American,  200  arrobas.  There  have  been  gathered  from  the  former  200 
arrobas,  say  3,000  kilos,  t  and  from  the  latter  400  arrobas,  say  6,000 
kilos;  that  is,  working  the  old  way  without  the  aid  of  plows. 

The  shrub  cotton  of  this  country  grows  with  more  vigor  and  develops 
quicker.  Generally  it  is  planted  from  December  25  to  the  end  of  Jan- 
uary, and  a  few  planters  do  it  in  February,  when  the  plant  has  been 
destroyed  by  caterpillars;  the  herbaceous  kind,  or  American  cotton,  is 
planted  from  February  to  March.  Both  above-mentioned  kinds  flour- 
ish in  August  and  forty  days  hence  the  bolls  begin  to  open  and  show 
the  cotton. 

The  cotton  of  the  country  is  far  better  in  quality  and  strength  than 
the  herbaceous,  or  American,  which  is  weaker  and  yellowish,  but  pro- 
ducing more.  To  have  15  kilos  of  cotton  wool  it  is  required  to  have  45 
kilos  of  cotton  with  the  seed,  of  the  American  kind,  and  the  cotton  of  the 
country  to  have  the  same  15  kilos  of  wool  requires  47  kilos  of  cotton 

*  A  meter  is  39|  inches.  t  A  kilogram  is  2  fa  pounds. 

COT— VOL  2 3 


34      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

with  seed.  This  last  kind  takes  less  time  with  the  a/d  of  saw  gins  to 
separate  the  wool  from  the  seed,  which  comes  out  quite  clean  and  are 
of  a  black  shade.  The  boll  has  three  pods  and  the  fibers  of  the  cotton 
of  the  country  are  finer,  longer,  stronger,  and  of  better  quality. 

The  cotton  of  the  country  can  be  gathered  the  first  and  second  year 
while  the  American  only  the  first  year. 

Cotton  manufacturing  in  this  State  only  begun  a  short  time  ago;  the 
results  are  of  good  prospects,  as  some  of  the  factories  are  paying 
the  shareholders  dividends  of  20  per  cent.  Domestics  and  riscados, 
(thick  or  coarse  cotton  and  stripes),  here  manufactured,  are  of  the  best 
quality.  At  present  the  exportation  (of  cotton  goods)  is  only  to  the 
other  States  of  the  Eepublic. 


Report  of  Wm.  A.  Freller,  U.  8.  vice-consul  at  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 

Brazil. 

JUNE  30, 1S93. 

No  cotton  grown  in  this  State.  An  attempt  at  cultivation  of  this  val- 
uable staple  was  made  during  the  cotton  famine  consequent  on  the 
civil  war  in  the  United  States,  but  the  results  were  negative  and  the 
planting  of  cotton  was  abandoned. 

The  article  is,  however,  manufactured  on  a  considerable  and  increas- 
ing scale  by  the  local  mills.  The  company,  "  Unido  Fabril  e  Pastoril," 
consumes  40,000  pounds  per  month  of  the  raw  material  made  into 
domestics,  duck,  canvas,  etc.,  all  of  which  enter  into  the  local  consump- 
tion and  compete  favorably  with  foreign  importations. 

The  company  is  likely  to  make  a  contract  to  supply  a  mill  lately 
opened  in  Porto  Alegre  for  the  printing  of  cotton  cloths,  and  as  it  is 
possible  this  may  become  a  reality,  the  manufacture  is  likely  to  be 
doubled  next  year.  I  should  state  that  the  cotton  is  imported  exclu- 
sively from  Pernambuco.  The  said  mill,  besides  cottons,  turns  out  a 
variety  of  woolens  and  jute  goods.  So  far  as  I  can  ascertain  no  mix- 
ture of  the  respective  materials  is  made,  each  description  of  fabric 
being  warranted  pure  and  stands  on  its  own  merits. 


Report  of  O.  H.  Boclcery,  TJ.  8.  consul-general,  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

JULY  3, 1893. 

In  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo  the  energies  of  the  people  are  directed 
entirely  to  the  growth  of  coffee,  vastly  more  remunerative  and  less 
costly  in  the  tillage  and  handling.  So  with  many  other  communities 
and  even  States  in  which  coffee,  sugar,  grain,  or  stock  has  been  substi- 
tuted for  cotton.  This  change  of  industry  lias  relatively  confined  the 
growth  of  cotton  to  states  north  of  Bio  de  Janeiro  and  vicinity  to  that 
of  Pernambuco,  and  even  there  its  output  is  changeable  and  uncertain. 
Labor  is  inadequate  and  unreliable.  The  mode  of  tillage  is  antiquated 
and  implements  used  are  very  primeval.  The  rainfall  is  irregular  and 
often  excessive.  Many  cotton  factories  are  being  constructed  of  both 
water  and  steam  power,  which  will,  at  no  distant  day,  consume  all  the 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


35 


raw  material  of  Brazil.  Yet  enormous  quantities  of  eotton  guods  are 
imported  for  home  consumption.  The  European  countries  supply 
nearly  all  this  demand.  These  goods  are  cheap,  yet  in  style  and  tex- 
ture adapted  to  the  tastes  of  this  people. 

Production  of  cotton  in  the  state  of  Pernambnco. 


Year. 

Bales. 

Tear. 

Bales. 

Year. 

Bales. 

1862 

44,630 

39,  234 

L40,  till 

215,614 

194, 600 

1867 

186, 027 
160.  794 

17."..  170 
170.  137 
335, 180 

1872 

178, 482 
140,  080 

1863 

1868 

1873 

1864 

1869 

1874 

129,  069 

1865 

1870 

1S75 

113,818 

1866 

1871 

1876 

122, 170 

These  bales  are  very  light,  weighing  only  250  to  300  pounds, 
length  of  libers  is  1.32  to  1.60  inches. 

Exports  of  cotton  in  the  year  1SS7. 


The' 


Prom- 

Kilos. 

21,426,788 
5,110,000 
3.902.938 
6,600,  000 
4.J54.480 

The  table  of  exportation  is  indefinite,  as  it  fails  to  state  the  points  for 
which  the  amounts  were  exported.  Exportation,  as  well  as  from  one 
state  to  another,  are  included  in  the  same  table. 


Report  of  E.  L.  Baker,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine  Republic. 

JUNE  6,  1893. 
THE   COTTON  PLANT   INDIGENOUS   TO   THE   COUNTRY. 

The  production  of  cotton  in  this  country  is  so  very  limited  that,  as 
an  industry,  it  can  not  be  said  to  exist.  Certainly,  thus  far,  it  has  had 
no  development  whatever.  The  cotton  plant  (Gossypium  malvcCseis), 
which  has  been  familiar  to  the  Old  World  from  the  remotest  antiquity, 
seems  to  be  equally  indigenous  in  the  New.  It  is  known  that  the 
primitive  inhabitants  of  this  portion  of  South  America  spun  vegetable 
cotton,  and  dressed  in  cotton  garments  at  the  time  of  the  Spanish  con- 
quest. At  that  time  the  cotton  plant  grew  wild  in  a  number  of  the 
interior  provinces,  and  the  inhabitants  had  their  patches  of  cotton 
plantations.  The  plant  still  grows  wild  in  Paraguay;  also  in  the  prov- 
inces of  Corrientes,  Catamarca,  Santiago  del  Estero,  Salta,  and  Jujuy, 
and  in  the  territory  of  "  EI  Gran  Chaco."  But  those  who  conquered 
the  country  not  only  took  no  advantage  of  their  opportunities,  but  they 
raise  less  :otton  to  day  than  they  did  300  years  ago. 


36       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

ADAPTABILITY  OF  THE  COUNTRY  TO  ITS  CULTIVATION. 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt,  however,  as  to  the  adaptability  of  cer- 
tain portions  of  the  Argentine  Republic  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton — a 
point  in  regard  to  which  information  may  not  be  out  of  place.  The  con- 
ditions of  soil  and  climate  appear  to  be  in  every  respect  favorable.  Br. 
Napp,  in  his  "Republica  Argentina,"  says: 

"  There  are  districts  of  perhaps  some  hundreds  of  square  leagues,  in 
Salta,  the  Chaco,  Missioues,  and  the  province  of  Corrientes  appropriate 
to  the  cultivation  of  cotton.  Liverpool  brokers  have  declared  that  cot- 
ton from  thence  is  superior  to  the  best  produced  in  the  South  of  the 
United  States." 

Prof.  Max  Siewart,  of  the  Cordoba  University,  in  an  article  on  the 
textile  industry  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  says : 

"  Although  it  is  nearly  four  hundred  years  since  this  country  has 
been  in  contact  with  the  Old  World,  the  native  textile  arts  are  yet  in  an 
embryonic  condition.  Among  the  Indians  nearly  all  the  woven  material 
at  the  present  time  is  made  from  the  fiber  of  the  Chaquar,  a  plant  of 
the  Bronieliacese,  and  in  the  provinces  from  the  hair  and  wool  of  divers 
animals.  Although  the  cotton  plant  is  easily  produced  in  the  northern 
provinces  and  in  the  Gran  Chaco,  thus  promising  in  future  a  good 
return  from  the  soil,  it  is  not  as  yet  employed  in  native  textile  indus- 
try, being  only  used  by  means  of  the  spindle  to  make  wicks  for  tallow 
candles,  and  by  means  of  small  hand  looms  for  the  manufacture  of  cot- 
ton stuffs  for  drawers,  shirts,  etc." 

M.  de  Mousey,  the  well-known  French  savant,  in  his  work  on  the 
Argentine  Republic,  makes  a  more  extended  reference  to  the  adapta- 
bility of  the  soil  and  climate  of  the  upper  provinces  to  the  production 
of  cotton.    He  says: 

"The  province  of  Catamarca  still  produces  some  cotton,  mostly  used 
for  candle  wicking,  and  in  some  portions  of  Rioja,  Santiago  Del  Estero, 
and  the  valleys  of  the  San  Francisco  River,  the  inhabitants  continue 
to  cultivate  a  few  small  patches,  but  enough  to  show  what  might  be 
done.  They  obtain  the  most  beautiful  crops,  and  the  quality  would 
warrant  the  production  of  a  greater  quantity.  The  samples  sent  to 
England  have  been  greatly  appreciated,  and  stood  in  the  same  cate- 
gory with  the  best  which  comes  from  the  United  States.  For  the  rest, 
it  is  sufficient  to  examine  the  vigor  and  robustness  of  the  plants, 
which,  under  a  most  favorable  climate,  attain  to  a  height  of  3  or  4 
meters,  covered  with  long  silky  cocoons  of  brilliant  whiteness,  to  esti- 
mate the  product  which  a  proper  cultivation  would  give.  In  regard  to 
the  present  cultivation,  the  cotton  which  I  have  seen  growing  in  Cata- 
marca, although  having  a  root  which  is  perennial,  may  be  considered 
as  herbaceous,  since  they  cut  it  down  even  with  the  ground  every  year. 
In  other  localities  they  let  the  plant  grow,  and  it  acquires  the  size  of  a 
small  tree.  They  take  care,  however,  after  fructification  to  prune  close 
all  the  small  branches.  The  seeds  of  the  cotton  plant  in  this  country 
are  black,  thus  corresponding  to  the  highly  esteemed  cotton  of  Georgia. 
But  the  Argentine  varieties  are  evidently  indigenous,  since  the  Span- 
iards found  the  Indians,  whom  they  conquered,  devoting  themselves  to 
its  cultivation,  and  thus  furnishing  themselves  with  the  clothing  neces- 
sary to  cover  them.  It  would  be  difficult  to  state  the  average  crop 
from  a  hectare  (2.47  acres)  of  cotton  plants,  since  the  manner  and 
details  of  their  cultivation,  whether  herbaceous  or  perennial,  the  sea- 
sons, the  quality  of  the  soil,  etc.,  all  influence  the  production.  I  am 
told  that  generally  the  plantations  on  the  Upper  Parana  River  and  in 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTEIES.  37 

Riqja  give  a  product  which  varies  from  1£  to  2  kilograms  (3  to  4i 
pounds)  of  pods,  which  includes  the  weight  of  the  seeds  for  each  foot 
of  the  shrubs.  Equally  goods  results  are  obtained  in  the  other  prov- 
inces." 

AN  EPISODE   OF   OUR  LATE   WAR. 

During  our  civil  war,  when,  owing  to  the  rigid  blockade  of  our  south- 
ern ports,  it  was  not  possible  for  the  mills  of  Manchester  to  obtain  a 
sufficient  supply  for  their  immense  consumption,  there  was  a  concerted 
movement  on  the  part  of  the  British  Government  to  stimulate  the  pro- 
duction of  cotton  in  the  Argentine  Eepublic.  General  Mitre,  at  that 
time  President  of  the  Republic,  was  especially  approached  by  the  Brit- 
ish minister  at  Buenos  Ayres  on  the  grand  promise  to  the  country, 
which  the  opportunity  offered ;  and  Mr.  Hutchinson,  at  that  time  British 
consul  at  Rosario,  received  detailed  instructions  from  his  Government 
to  induce  the  people  of  the  upper  provinces  to  embark  in  the  proposed 
industry.  He  traveled  all  through  the  interior  and  also  inspected  the 
country  lying  along  the  Parana  River.  He  carried  with  him  special 
credentials  from  President  Mitre  to  the  governors  of  the  provinces. 

In  pursuance  of  these  circulars,  there  was  at  once  in  the  different 
northern  provinces  the  greatest  interest  manifested  in  the  proposed 
industry.  Tons  of  the  very  best  varieties  of  cotton  seed  were  sent  out 
by  the  Cotton  Supply  Association  of  Manchester,  and  these  in  turn 
were  distributed  among  the  Argentine  people  gratis.  More  than  this, 
the  legislatures  of  some  of  the  provinces  enacted  laws  giving  away 
their  public  lands  to  all  those  who  would  embark  in  the  planting  of 
cotton  seed.  The  following  is  the  translation  of  the  law  which  was 
passed  by  the  legislature  of  the  province  of  Corrientes : 

Article  1.  Every  inhabitant  of  this  province  -who  shall  plant  cotton  upon  Gov- 
ernment land  shall  become  owner  in  fee  and  perpetuity  of  such  land,  including  also 
the  land  necessary  for  houses,  machinery,  and  all  things  essential  for  the  cotton 
planter. 

Art.  2.  In  order  to  be  entitled  to  the  privilege  contained  in  the  preceding  article, 
it  shall  be  necessary  for  the  cotton  planter  to  preserve  said  cotton  plantation  in  good 
order  for  three  years. 

Art.  3.  Every  private  estancia,  chacra,  or  establishment  devoted  exclusively  to 
cotton  planting  shall  be  free  from  all  impost,  tax,  or  duty  now  established  or  here- 
after to  be  created  for  the  term  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  this  law. 

Art.  4.  The  executive,  upon  the  passage  of  this  law,  shall  designate  the  location 
of  the  lands  referred  to  therein. 

It  looked,  indeed,  in  18G3,  as  though  the  thousands  of  square  miles  of 
virgin  soil  in  the  upper  provinces  and  along  the  shores  of  the  Argen- 
tine rivers,  quite  in  the  same  latitude  south  as  the  cotton  lands  of  the 
United  States  are  north,  were  about  to  compete  with  the  latter  for  the 
cotton  supply  of  the  world.  But  the  movement  never  amounted  to  any- 
thing. In  the  first  place,  the  natives  of  the  upper  provinces  are  too 
indolent  and  too  unaccustomed  to  work  to  undertake  the  labor  which 
cotton-growing  requires,  and,  with  all  the  assistance  which  England 
offered,  their  efforts  were  spasmodic  and  without  any  visible  results. 
In  the  second  place,  the  sudden  close  of  our  war  in  18G4  at  once  removed 
the  interest  which  England  had  taken  in  the  matter;  and  cotton-grow- 
ing in  the  Argentine  Republic  for  exportation  will  require  some  more 
stimulating  impulse  than  now  exists  before  it  becomes  an  industry  of 
the  country. 

WHAT  MAY  HAPPEN  IN   THE  FUTURE. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  nothing  is  lacking,  so  far  as 
now  can  be  observed,  whether  in  the  matter  of  climate  or  the  capacity 
of  the  soil,  especially  that  of  the  islands  of  and  lowlands  bordering  on 


38      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

the  great  water  courses  of  the  country,  to  make  the  Argentine  Bepublic 
a  great  fiber-producing  region.  I  speak  especially  of  the  Argentine 
Mesopotamia,  for  the  reason  that,  however  suited  the  upper  interior 
provinces  may  be  for  cotton  plantations,  in  the  present  condition  of 
things,  with  the  immense  distances  which  separate  the  centers  of  popu- 
lation, and  the  high  price  of  freights  to,  the  places  of  ultimate  ship- 
ment, it  is  not  probable  that  cotton  can  ever  be  raised  with  a  view  to 
exportation.  But  from  the  riverine  provinces  there  can  be  no  diffi- 
culty whatever.  The  magnificent  natural  channels  which  border  those 
provinces  bring  their  products  directly  to  the  principal  ports  of  the 
Bepublic,  from  which  they  can  be  embarked  at  once  for  Europe.  In- 
deed, the  river  Parana  is  navigable  for  ocean  craft  for  over  600  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Bio  de  la  Plata;  and  in  the  fnllness  of  time, 
with  the  advent,  perhaps,  of  available  labor  from  European  immigra- 
tion, it  may  be  that  cotton  will  become  an  established  industry  in  all 
these  undeveloped  regions,  thus  working  as  complete  a  social  and  com- 
mercial revolution  here  in  the  Biver  Plata  as  the  establishment  of 
cotton  plantations  has  produced  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile. 

ARGENTINE   IMPORTATIONS   OE   COTTONS. 

In  the  meanwhile,  instead  of  being  a  producer  of  cotton,  the  Argen- 
tine Bepublic  must  continue  to  be  dependent  upon  other  countries  for 
its  manufactured  cottons.  It  is  true,  as  I  have  already  stated,  there 
is  a  very  small  amount  produced  in  some  of  the  upper  provinces,  and 
made  into  fabrics  by  hand  looms,thus  in  some  cases  supplying,  perhaps, 
the  demand  of  the  immediate  locality;  but  the  great  bulk  of  the  cottons 
consumed  in  the  country  is  imported  from  abroad;  and  it  is  probable 
that  this  will  continue  to  be  the  case  for  many  years  to  come.  The 
average  value  of  cotton  manufactures  imported  into  the  Argentine 
Republican  the  basis  of  the  custom-house  valuations,is  about  $9,000,000 
per  annum. 

In  regard  to  the  countries  from  which  the  cottons  consumed  in  the 
Argentine  Bepublic  are  imported,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the 
great  bulk  has  always  come  and  still  comes  from  the  British  Islands. 
By  reason  of  its  superior  trade  methods,  Great  Britain,  ever  since  this 
part  of  South  America  separated  from  the  mother  country,  has  enjoyed 
almost  a  monopoly  of  the  textile  trade  of  the  Biver  Plata;  and  although 
other  nations  have  managed  to  make  inroads  upon  it  in  some  lines  of 
goods,  yet  she  has  no  difficulty  in  maintaining  her  supremacy  in  the 
most  important  articles.  I  am  not  supplied  with  the  statistics  neces- 
sary to  show  in  detail  the  cottons  received  from  each  country  for  all 
the  years  since  1873,  since,  for  a  portion  of  that  time,  there  was  no 
proper  classification;  and  perhaps  it  would  extend  this  report  too  much 
to  do  so,  even  if  I  were  able.  The  usual  credit  given  by  the  cotton 
mills  of  England  is  six  months,  and  I  think  the  importers  from  France, 
Germany,  and  Belgium  have  a  corresponding  credit.  It  was  not  an 
unusual  thing  for  such  bills  to  remain  unpaid  for  twelve  to  eighteen 
months. 

While  the  cotton  trade  of  the  Argentine  Bepublic  with  the  United 
States  during  all  these  years  has  been  in  every  respect  insignificant, 
yet  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  say  that  it  has  been  larger  than  the 
custom  house  figures  ,^'ive  it  credit  for.  These  only  comprise  direct 
shipments.  Owing  to  the  facilities  of  shipping  such  kinds  of  goods 
from  New  York,  l>y  the  steamship  lines  via  Germany  and  Great  Britain 
and  thence  to  the  Biver  Plata,  there  is  a  very  important  portion  of  our 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  39 

trade  with  this  country  which  comes  by  those  routes;  and  it  is  in  such 
cases  not  credited  to  us,  but  to  those  countries  respectively.  This  is 
especially  the  case  with  reference  to  our  manufactures  of  textile  goods. 
Very  few  of  such  shipments  from  the  United  States  now  come  here  by 
sailing  vessel. 

DUTIES,   PRICES,   AND   VALUATIONS. 

In  regard  to  duties,  prices,  valuations,  etc.,  of  cotton  goods,  I  have 
to  state  that  the  Argentine  tariff  is  not  a  continuing  law,  but  by  its 
express  limitations  only  runs  from  one  calendar  year  to  the  next,  each 
annual  Congress,  by  a  new  law,  modifying  the  figures  and  changing 
rates  and  duties  according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  Argentine  treasury 
and  the  amount  of  revenue  required  to  be  raised  to  meet  appropria- 
tions. Not  only  this,  but  the  duties  are  nearly  all  ad  valorem;  and 
the  custom-house  valuations  on  all  imported  merchandise  is  likewise 
required  to  undergo  a  corresponding  annual  revision;  and  each  year  a 
new  official  customs  tariff  is  issued  by  the  Government,  "good"  only 
for  that  particular  year.  Thus  it  is  impossible,  in  a  long  series  of 
years,  to  give  the  exact  figures  for  each  year  without  an  inspection  of 
all  the  preceding  excise  laws  and  all  the  preceding  custom-house  valu- 
ation tariffs. 

It  may  be  generally  said  that  the  ad  valorem  duty  on  quite  all 
imports  was  in  the  early  years  of  the  Government  seldom  greater  than 
20  per  cent.  Subsequently  it  was  raised  to  25  per  cent  "  except  as 
otherwise  .specified;"  and  still  later,  all  duties  were  surcharged  with 
"an  additional  import  duty"  ranging  from  1  to  5  per  cent. 

OBSTACLES  IN  THE  WAY   OF  AMERICAN  TRADE. 

Owing  to  the  manner  in  which  the  import  business  of  this  country  is 
done,  it  is  not  easy  for  American  cotton  mills  to  compete  with 
the  mills  of  Manchester.  The  former  decline  to  do  a  foreign  busi- 
ness on  the  credit  system.  Except  in  a  very  few  instances  perhaps, 
whore  the  financial  standing  of  the  Argentine  house  is  above  all  ques- 
tion, American  cottons  are  sold  here  only  for  cash,  or  for  what  is 
equal  to  cash,  the  goods  in  many  cases  being  invoiced  to  some  banking- 
house,  with  the  bills  of  lading  to  be  delivered  on  the  payment 
of  the  bills  of  exchange  drawn  against  them.  Of  course,  when 
the  bills  of  our  manufacturers  are  thus  drawn  through  a  bank 
which  charges  commissions  and  interest,  or  when  they  pay  some 
banking  house  in  Europe  a  commission  for  accepting  their  drafts,  the 
remittance  going  through  the  same  house,  the  intervention  of  so  many 
middle  men  makes  the  transaction  expensive.  But  all  this  outlay  and 
percentage  is  saved  by  the  European  manufacturers,  who  can  afford  to 
wait  for  their  money,  and  in  many  cases  the  saving  is  equal  to  a  fair 
profit  on  the  goods.  It  is  just  here  that  the  European  manufacturer 
has  the  advantage  of  us.  But  besides  this,  there  are  other  formidable 
obstacles  which  American  mills  have  to  contend  with  and  which 
seriously  interfere  with  their  headway  in  this  country.  I  here  restate 
them  from  a  former  report : 

(1)  The  cotton-goods  trade  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  through  all 
the  years  since  the  establishment  of  an  independent  government  here, 
has  become  so  firmly  fixed,  and  is  so  overwhelmingly  set  toward  Groat 
Britain,  that  it  will  require  an  uncommonly  persistent  effort  to  divert  it 
from  its  present  channel  or  even  in  a  measure  to  divide  it.  Trade  has  a 
tendency  to  keep  in  its  "  old  rut;"  and  as  the  great  bulk  of  the  business 


40      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND  ' 

is  in  the  hands  of  English  mercantile  houses,  they  naturally  look  toward 
Manchester  for  their  supplies,  and  it  is  this  fact  which  causes  the  prin- 
cipal difficulty  in  getting  American  goods  upon  the  market  here. 

(2)  There  is  constantly  on  hand  in  the  bonded  warehouses  of  the 
Argentine  Eepublic  such  an  oversupply  of  cotton  goods  that  it  requires 
extraordinary  inducements  or  advantages  offered  by  outsiders  like  our- 
selves to  obtain  orders  for  more,  especially  when  it  is  considered  that 
we  sell  for  cash,  while  the  stocks  in  bond  Lave  been  bought  on  credit. 

(3)  There  is  not  now  a  single  American  house  in  Buenos  Ayres 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  trade,  and  all  the  orders,  under  these  circum- 
stances, that  go  to  the  United  States  are  exceptional  and  aremade  forsome 
special  reasons.  Meanwhile  the  cotton  mills  of  Great  Britain,  through 
their  agents  or  correspondents  here,  are  kept  thoroughly  posted  in 
reference  to  special  styles,  patterns,  make-up,  and  general  details  of  the 
Argentine  market,  all  which,  accompanied  by  a  general  knowledge  of 
the  field  of  operations  obtained  by  many  years  of  persistent  inspection, 
gives  them  by  long  odds  the  advantage  over  those  who  are  commerci- 
ally isolated,  as  we  are,  from  the  Argentine  Eepublic. 

(4)  The  trade  methods  of  Great  Britain  with  the  Biver  Plate  are 
lacking  in  no  essential  point  or  particular.  With  numerous  lines  of 
steamships  between  its  own  ports  and  those  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, with  international  banking  houses  in  all  the  principal  ports  of  entry 
in  this  country,  with  mercantile  establishments  by  the  score  in  Buenos 
Ayres  and  Rosario,  many  of  them  being  branches  of  houses  in  London, 
Manchester,  Liverpool,  etc.,  that  country  is  so  well  grounded  in  its 
commercial  relations  with  the  River  Plate  as  to  be  indifferent  to,  if  not 
indeed  defy,  all  outside  competition,  especially  so  far  as  the  United 
States  are  concerned;  for  we  are  absolutely  without  any  of  these  essen- 
tials to  a  close  and  reciprocal  trade  with  the  Argentine  Republic. 

HOW  OUR  AMERICAN   COTTONS   TRADE  MAY  BE  ENLARGED. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  one  of  the  first  prerequisites  to  any  very  great 
increase  of  our  cotton  trade,  and  indeed  of  our  trade  generally,  with 
the  River  Plate,  is  the  adoption,  as  far  as  possible,  of  the  methods  which 
have  been  so  successful  in  the  case  of  Great  Britain.  These  should 
consist,  as  I  have  already  stated,  of  direct  lines  of  steamships,  inter- 
national banking  facilities  with  the  United  States,  and  the  establish- 
ment down  here  of  American  business  houses.  We  are  at  present 
provided  with  none  of  these  facilities. 

(1)  In  the  first  place  it  is  next  to  impossible  for  American  manufac- 
turers, even  with  better  goods  to  sell,  to  compete  with  the  European 
market,  on  equal  terms,  without  the  advantage  which  sure  and  quick 
intercommunication  afford.  The  saving  of  time  and  the  dispatch  with 
which  orders  can  be  filled  in  England  and  the  other  maritime  countries 
of  Europe  necessarily  give  those  markets  the  preference.  When  the 
fleet  of  ocean  steamers  which  connects  Europe  with  the  River  Plate 
can  put  down  at  this  port  goods  ordered  by  cable  in  from  twenty  to 
twenty-five  days,  merchants  here,  even  if  they  were  otherwise  so  dis- 
posed, would  hesitate  about  sending  orders  to  the  United  States,  know- 
ing that  they  can,  in  the  great  majority  of  cases,  only  be  filled  by  sailing 
vessels  which  require  from  fifty  to  ninety  days  to  make  the  passage. 
Our  commerce  with  all  this  part  of  South  America  continues  to  be 
conducted  through  the  slow  and  uncertain  medium  of  sailing  vessels, 
which  are  only  suitable  for  heavy  cargoes  and  raw  materials.  A  line  of 
steamers  direct  to  the  River  Plate,  in  my  opinion,  would  not  be  long  in 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  41 

working  important  changes  in  our  trade  and  especially  our  textile  trade 
with  the  Argentine  Eepublic. 

(2)  In  the  second  place,  we  need  more  intimate  banking  relations 
with  the  Argentine  Eepublic.  All  the  exchange  business  of  this  coun- 
try with  the  United  States,  and  vice  versa,  is  done  through  English 
banks.  New  York  as  a  financial  center  is  hardly  known  here.  Credits 
sent  out  here  for  the  purchase  of  Argentine  produce,  and  credits  sent 
from  here  to  the  United  States  for  the  purchase  of  our  textile  and  other 
manufactures,  are  nearly  all  given  on  London.  And  all  remittances  on 
account  of  sales  of  merchandise  received  from  the  United  States  are 
made  by  bills  on  English  banks.  The  value  of  these  banking  facilities 
can  hardly  be  overestimated  in  the  conduct  of  a  general  trade.  The 
matter  of  exchange  is  a  most  important  ingredient  in  the  business  of 
reciprocal  commerce,  and  contributes  very  essentially  to  its  success. 
With  such  facilities  here,  the  settlement  of  international  balances 
between  the  United  States  and  the  Argentine  Eepublic  would  beaccom- 
iflished  directly,  cheaply,  and  without  trouble. 

(3)  In  the  third  place,  the  advantage  which  would  accrue  to  our  textile 
trade  with  this  country,  if  there  were  distinctive  American  business 
houses  here,  would  be  incalculable.  There  is,  of  course,  something 
gained,  in  this  and  other  lines  of  goods  by  manufacturers  obtaining  the 
views  and  opinions  of  consular  officers,  who  being  on  the  spot  have  an 
opportunity,  in  a  general  way,  of  watching  the  course  of  trade;  and  there 
is  probably  still  more  benefit  derived  from  sending  agents  down  here, 
who,  being  thoroughly  posted  in  the  details  of  the  cotton  manufactures 
of  our  country,  can  intelligently  "  talk  business  "  with  the  merchants 
of  the  Argentine  Eepublic,  and  at  the  same  time  obtain  exact  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  the  wants,  demands,  and  capabilities  of  the  market, 
the  kinds  of  fabrics  best  suited  to  the  trade,  and  such  other  points  in 
regard  to  make  up  as  experts  in  the  business  fully  understand.  But, 
after  all,  the  surest  and  most  effectual  method  of  placing  our  textile 
trade  upon  a  satisfactory  basis  in  this  country  is  through  those  whose 
especial  work  it  is  here  on  the  spot  to  put  such  goods  upon  the  market. 

THE   TRADE   IS  PERMANENT   AND   WORTHY   OF   OUR  ATTENTION. 

There  is  one  thing  in  reference  to  the  cotton  trade  of  the  River  Plate 
which  is  especially  worthy  of  our  consideration,  and  that  is  the  fact 
that  it  is  permanent.  The  supplies,  in  these  lines  of  goods  required  by 
the  people  of  the  Argentine  Eepublic,  must  continue  to  come  from 
abroad.  The  field  offers  no  local  competition,  and  until  there  is  a 
radical  change  in  the  industrial  pursuits  of  the  people  there  can  be  no 
local  competition.  There  are  no  cotton  mills  in  the  country;  and  there 
is  no  cotton  grown  here.  There  are  no  substitutes  for  cotton,  such  as 
hemp,  flax,  jute,  or  ramie,  which  are  to  any  extent  in  use  here.  There 
may  be  two  or  three  factories  for  bags  and  bagging  and  a  cotton  stock- 
ings manufactory,  the  fiber  or  threads  even  being  imported  from  other 
countries.  But  further  than  this  the  Argentine  Republic  is  dependent 
and  it  must  continue  to  be  dependent  upon  other  nations  for  all  the 
various  lines  of  cotton  textile  goods.  It  is  a  trade  which,  in  the  long 
future,  will  continue  to  offer  a  wide  field  and  great  opportunities  for 
the  expenditure  of  enterprise.  It  is  a  trade  which  is  not  only  large 
now,  but  which  must  go  on  increasing  with  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  country.  It  is  a  trade  which  is  certainly  worthy  of  our 
efforts  to  obtain.  The  future  which  would  thus  be  opened  to  our  cot- 
ton mills  can  scarcely  be  estimated. 


42       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Herbert   Lovejoy,    U.   S.  vice-consul  at  .Paramaribo,   Dutch 

Guiana. 

MAY  18,  1893. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  at  the  present  time  no  cotton  is 
grown  in  this  colony.  I  understand  some  thirty  years  ago  considerable 
cotton  was  raised  here,  but  am  told  none  has  been  raised  in  this  colony 
since. 


Report  of  Philip  C.  Hanna,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  La  Guayra,  Venezuela. 

MAY  10,  1893. 

No  cotton  raised  here  since  about  the  time  of  the  late  war  in  the 
United  States.  No  cotton  manufactured.  Most  of  the  clothing  made 
of  cotton.  Cotton  goods  come  mostly  from  Germany  and  England,  but 
quite  a  large  quantity  of  French  calico  is  used.  American  goods  not 
cheap  enough  for  this  market.  Something  showy  and  gay,  with  but 
little  of  the  wearing  quality  and  which  costs  little,  is  adapted  to  this 
trade.  Most  all  of  the  very  cheap  goods  come  from  Germany,  and  are 
manufactured  especially  for  this  market. 

The  climate  and  soil  are.  well  adapted  to  cotton-growing,  but  the 
Venezuelans  could  not  compete  with  the  American  cotton-growers  when 
the  price  of  cotton  was  reduced. 


Report  of  William  G.  Riley,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Puerto  Cabello,  Venezuela. 

JULY  20,  1893. 

No  cotton  produced  in  my  district  since  1865.  When,  in  1863,  cotton 
reached  the  highest  price  in  the  history  of  the  country,  the  coffee  fields 
of  Venezuela  were  converted  into  cotton  plantations;  the  crop  was  not 
satisfactory,  and  the  planters  resumed  the  growing  of  fruit  and  the  pro- 
duction of  coffee.  The  seeds  used  were  brought  from  America.  A  few 
of  the  trees  are  standing,  but  no  cotton  is  harvested  from  them.  The 
only  raw  cotton  consumed  in  this  district  is  imported  from  America. 

Cotton  consumption. — It  is  impossible  to  obtain  any  reliable  data  or 
statistics  in  this  country  looking  to  the  importation  and  exportation  of 
raw  cotton,  cotton  thread,  and  cotton  cloth  (pure  and  mixed)  into  and 
from  each  country,  together  with  the  prices  of  the  same  in  each  year. 
The  records  and  archives  were  destroyed  during  the  military  operations 
of  the  22d  of  August,  1892,  in  this  port.  Not  one  of  the  above-mentioned 
articles  are  exported  and  very  little  produced  of  either.  The  cotton 
goods  imported  come  from  England,  Germany,  and  a  few  from  America; 
they  vary  in  price  from  6  to  18  cents  a  yard. 

There  are  no  fibers  of  wool,  hemp,  jute,  flax,  or  ramie  mixed  with  cot- 
ton to  the  displacement  of  the  same. 

There  is  but  one  manufactory  in  this  district,  and  that  is  located  in 
Valencia.  It  produces  a  small  quantity  of  sewing  cotton  and  a  coarse 
cotton  cloth,  which  is  used  in  making  slippers  or  Alpargatas  for  the 
poor;  the  raw  cotton  used  is  imported  from  America. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  43 

Report  of  E.  H.  Plumachcr,  U.  8.  consul  at  Maracaibo,  Venezuela. 

MAY  17,  1893. 

During-  our  civil  war  large  quantities  of  cotton  were  grown  and 
exported,  and  the  large  mercantile  houses  advanced  funds  to  planters 
upon  their  crops  in  the  same  manner  as  is  now  the  custom  in  regard  to 
coffee.  The  restoration  of  peace  in  the  United  States  and  the  conse- 
quent abundance  of  this  staple,  together  with  the  Venezuelan  revolution 
of  1870,  caused  the  utter  abandonment  of  this  industry,  and  for  many 
years  the  cultivation  of  cotton  has  entirely  ceased.  A  few  scattering 
plants  may  be  found  upon  the  plantations,  and  the  product  is  applied 
to  domestic  uses,  but  cotton-growing  as  an  industry  does  not  exist  in 
this  district. 

Although  in  many  sections  the  soil  and  climate  are  eminently  adapted 
for  this  brauch  of  agriculture,  yet  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  labor  would 
be  for  the  present  an  insuperable  drawback. 

Cotton  here  is  not  a  plant,  but  a  tree  which  lives  for  many  years  and 
bears  successive  crops,  having  a  trunk  of  from  5  to  6  inches  in 
diameter.  The  quality  of  the  product  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Peru- 
vian,  which  is  also  perennial,  and  is  frequently  picked  by  means  of 
ladders. 

Referring  to  the  fibers,  which  compete  with  and  displace  cotton,  I 
have  no  reason  to  believe  that  any  change  has  taken  place  in  this  mar- 
ket, nor  is  there  any  tendency  iu  that  respect  towards  affecting  the 
consumption  of  cotton. 

Large  quantities  of  cotton  goods  of  every  description  are  imported 
from  the  United  States  and  Europe.  I  have  endeavored  to  secure  sta- 
tistics respecting  these  importations,  but  am  obliged,  to  my  regret,  to 
confess  that  I  have  failed  entirely.  There  are  no  records  which  even 
approximate  to  the  desired  data.  The  superiority  of  the  American 
goods  is  unquestioned,  but  as  the  inferior  European  article  can  be  sold 
a  trifle  cheaper,  the  mass  of  the  buyers,  from  a  mistaken  idea  of  econ- 
omy, will  take  it  in  preference.  Large  quantities  of  our  manufactures 
are,  however,  sold,  and  the  trade  was  until  recently  steadily  increasing 
in  a  most  satisfactory  degree. 


Report  of  Lytton  G.  E.  Sncrtd,  for  Mr.  Edmund  Shaic,  U.  S.  consul  at 

Asuncion,  Paraguay. 

AUGUST  25,  1893. 

It  is  with  great  difficulty  that  I  have  been  able  to  collect  the  follow- 
ing statistics,  etc.,  as  the  (Jovernment  here  is  almost  entirely  without 
data  on  this  subject,  consequently  most  of  my  information  has  had  to 
be  collected  from  private  sources. 

From  the  year  1S63  up  till  the  year  1876  there  are  absolutely  no 
details  of  cotton  cultivation.  About  the  year  1880  a  private  individual 
in  the  department  of  Pnraguari  had  a  small  plantation  of  some  3 
acres  This,  together  with  small  patches  in  the  gardens  of  a  few  of  the 
natives,  probably  at  that  time  made  up  the  entire  area  under  cotton. 
In  the  year  188G  the  area  had  increased  to  30  acres.  There  was  then  a 
diminution  until  the  year  1891,  when  the  Government  voted  the  sum 


44      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

of  $200,000  for  the  promotiDg  of  agriculture,  8,000  being  specially 
devoted  to  the  encouragement  ot  cotton  raising.  To  obtain  a  Govern- 
ment prize  it  was  necessary  to  plant  a  minimum  of  25,000  plants. 
Eleven  individuals  only  devoted  themselves  to  the  task,  each  of  whom 
planted  some  10  acres,  more  or  less,  situated  in  the  following  depart- 
ments: Ita  (1),  Itagua  (1),  Paraguari  (3),  Tobate  (5),  Embocado  (1). 
In  1892  each  of  the  above  obtained  a  prize.  The  following  details 
were  procured  from  the  cultivation  of  Ita  and  Itagua.  There  were 
three  varieties  cultivated,  viz,  Gossypium  Herbaceum,  Gossypium  viti- 
folium,  Gossypium  arboreum.  The  first  variety  was  the  most  generally 
planted.  An  average  of  3,000  plants  went  to  the  acre.  When  nearly 
grown,  however,  they  were  attacked  by  a  caterpillar,  which  did  much 
damage.    This  pest  seems  to  have  been  very  general. 

Labor  costs  15  cents  gold  per  head  per  diem,  but  was  difficult  to  get. 
The  average  yield  amounted  only  to  some  100  to  110  pounds  an  acre  of 
uncleaued  cotton;  it  was  cleaned  by  hand  labor,  women  and  children 
picking  out  the  seeds  with  their  fingers,  said  seeds  being  thrown  away, 
none  of  the  planters  being  aware  of  the  fact  that  they  contained  an  oil. 
The  whole  process  was  most  primitive.  The  price  put  on  the  cotton  in 
Asuncion  was  $1  gold  per  arroba  of  25  pounds.  This  did  not  nearly 
cover  expenses,  and  most  of  the  producers  kept  their  whole  amount  and 
had  it  spun  oy  women  with  a  spinning  wheel  and  afterwards  woven 
into  a  coarse  cloth.  The  total  yield  of  uncleaned  cotton  for  the  year 
1892  may  be  estimated  at  15,000  pounds,  the  whole  of  which  was  con- 
sumed in  the  country.  At  the  present  time  (1893),  beyond  a  few  isolated 
patches  around  ranches,  there  is  no  cultivation  whatsoever,  none  of 
last  year's  planters  finding  it  worth  their  while  to  carry  on  their  cultiva- 
tions, which  have  accordingly  been  abandoned  and  the  land  utilized  for 
maize  and  mandioca.  There  seems  to  be  very  little  prospect  of  any 
return  to  its  cultivation,  as  since  the  war  the  people  have  become 
accustomed  to  the  use  of  imported  calicoes  which  in  the  time  of  Lopez, 
before  1869,  were  quite  unknown  and  unobtainable.  The  climate  and 
soil  are  both  suitable  to  the  cultivation  of  the  cotton  plant,  but  labor 
is  very  scarce  and  difficult  to  procure,  and  as  other  crops  pay  so  much 
better  the  chances  of  increasing  this  class  of  cultivation  are  very  small. 
The  cotton  produced  in  appearance  and  staple  approximated  very 
nearly  to  that  grown  in  Brazil. 

With  regard  to  fibers  which  could  compete  with  cotton,  the  coun- 
try abounds  with  them,  although  up  to  the  present  time  they  can 
hardly  be  said  to  compete  with  cotton.  The  following  list  is  among 
the  most  important,  and  all  are  indigenous  to  the  country: 

La  ramie,  Libyra, 

Le  caraguata,  Lo  guembepi, 

Le  rubocaya. 

Amongst  these  at  the  present  time  the  only  one  that  is  being  culti- 
vated is  the  Ramie,  which  has  been  planted  on  rather  a  large  scale  by 
an  English  capitalist  near  Villa  Rica.  Unfortunately  of  some  100,000 
plants  over  70,000  were  lost,  owing  to  a  long  drought  which  occurred 
shortly  after  they  had  been  planted.  Until  now  none  of  the  fiber  has 
been  put  on  the  market.  None  of  the  others  are  utilized,  although  of 
Caraguata,  for  instance,  there  are  very  many  square  miles  which  could 
be  easily  collected. 

Concerning  the  present  importation  of  cotton  piece  goodK,  their 
weight,  quality,  quantity,  etc.,  it  is  absolutely  impossible  to  obtain  any 
information  whatsoever. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  45 

Report  of  Frank  D.  Hill,  V.  S.  consul,  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

JULY  12,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  grown  here,  nor  is  any  effort  making  to  grow  it.  Soil 
and  climate  seem  to  be  adapted  to  growing  this  fiber,  but  it  may  be 
asserted  with  absolute  safety  that  if  cotton  is  ever  grown  here  this  will 
be  in  a  future  very  remote. 

The  country's  greater  relative  advantage  in  the  production  of  wool, 
hides,  hair,  and  cereals  will  prevent  for  the  present  any  great  effort  to 
grow  cotton  on  a  soil  on  which  its  success  is  very  problematical,  to  say 
the  least. 

A  tendency  is  observable  to  displace  pure  woolen  goods  by  mixed 
cotton  fabrics,  especially  in  the  making  of  "  ponchos,"  which  are  much 
worn  here. 

Considerations  of  price  have  impeded  the  importation  of  cotton  goods 
from  the  United  States  during  the  last  four  or  five  years. 


Report  of  James  M.  Dobbs,  U.  8.  consul  at  Valparaiso,  Chile. 

AUGUST  10,  1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  Chile. 

In  regard  to  the  cotton  consumption  in  this  country,  I  have  been 
unable  to  obtain  other  information  than  that  contained  in  the  table 
herein  inclosed,  showing  the  quantity  and  value  of  cotton  goods 
imported  into  Chile  during  the  year  1891. 

There  are  no  fibers  grown  in  Chile  which  can  compete  with  or  dis- 
place cotton. 

The  only  other  information' of  interest  is  that  procured  from  the 
leading  importing  houses  here,  viz:  that  the  importation  of  cotton 
goods  into  Chile  is  increasing,  and  is,  for  the  most  part,  from  England. 

Table  showing  the  importation  of  cotton  goods  into  Chile  during  the  year  1891. 


Articles. 

Quantity. 

Value  (U.S. 
currency). 

Pounds. 
2, 034,  402 
1,388,035 

1,  648,  052 

3, 274.  "ill.") 

428, 474 

284, 783 

161,  844 

114,  506 

1,760,704 

Notatated. 

$233,  956 
180,  908 

Drills 

71,  567 

257  344 

Thread 

12i  722 

Total 

1, 545, 880 

46       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  John  F.  Van  Ingen,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Talcahuana,  Chile. 

NOVEMBER  19,  1S92. 

No  cotton  raised  in  Chile  of  which  I  am  aware. 

Chile  imports  manufactured  cotton  goods,  but  no  raw  cotton. 

No  statistics  available  here. 


Report  of  Mr.  Carroll,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Dcmerara,  British  Guiana. 


NOVEMBER  1,  1892. 


No  cotton  is  grown  in  British  Guiana,  and  no  statistics  of  importa 
tions  of  cotton  goods  are  available. 


Report  of  Richard  Guenther,  TJ.  8.  consul-general  at  Mexico  City,  Mexico. 

APRIL  26, 1S93. 

In  response  to  your  circular  calling  for  a  report  on  cotton,  I  have  the 
honor  to  state  that  for  months  past  I  have  tried  to  obtain  information 
relative  thereto,  but  with  the  exception  of  two  unbound  volumes,  "El 
Algodon  en  Mexico"  and  "Boletin  de  Agricultura,  Mineria  e  Indus- 
trias,"  which  1  transmit  by  mail  to-day,  I  did  not  succeed.  There  is 
no  cotton  raised  in  any  of  the  States  comprising  this  district,  with  the 
exception  of  a  very  limited  area  in  the  State  of  Hidalgo;  but  as  there 
is  no  consular  officer  in  that  State  no  information  could  be  obtained, 
except  by  a  personal  visit,  which  is  not  authorized  by  the  Department. 

The  consumption  of  cotton  in  this  district  is  also  iusignihcant. 
Owing  to  the  general  lack  of  water  and  lack  of  fuel  or  the  very  high 
price  of  the  same,  cotton  mills  are  established  in  other  parts  of  the 
Republic,  where  there  are  better  advantages. 

No  cotton  is  exported  from  Mexico,  and  only  about  300,000  pounds 
are  imported  annually.* 


Report  of  William   IF.  Ashby,   TJ.  8.  consul  at  Colon,  Colombia, 
Central  America. 

OCTOBER  21.   1892. 

There  is  no  cultivation  of  cotton  carried  on  in  this  consular  district, 
although  climate  and  soil  are  well  adapted  for  same. 

No  importation  of  raw  cotton.  Considerable  cotton  cloth  and  thread 
is  imported,  the  bulk  of  the  importations  of  better  grades  of  cloth  being 

made  from  the  United  states,  the  lower  grade's,  as  well  as  thread,  from 
Europe.     It  is  impossible  to  get  statistical  reports  such  as  are  desired. 
There  being  no  manufactures  of  any  class  in  tins  consular  district, 
can  not  report  on  questions  propounded  in  this  paragraph. 

*  This  La  an  error,  as  about  35,000  bales  I  say  I7,r>oo,ooo  pounds)  are  annually  exported 

ft 1  inttil  States  to  Mexico. — A.  B.  fc>. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  47 

Report  of  A.  J.  Daiigherty,  U.  8.  consul  at  Callao,  Peru. 

APKIL  30,  1892. 

To  carry  out  the  instructions  of  the  Department,  I  addressed  com- 
munications to  all  the  consular  agents  and  others  interested  in  cotton- 
raising',  inclosing  to  each  a  series  of  questions,  to  which  I  hoped  they 
would  give  early  answers. 

The  only  reply  thus  far  received  is  from  Mr.  Emilio  Clark,  our  con 
solar  agent  at  Piura.    It  is  so  full  of  interesting  and  valuable  informa- 
tion that  I  decided  to  forward  it  at  once  without  waiting  for  other 
reports,  which  may  or  may  not  come. 

Piura  being  the  principal  cotton-raising  center  in  Peru,  and  that 
department  having  the  distinction  of  producing  the  finest  cotton  raised 
in  the  country,  this  will  in  all  probability  be  the  fullest  and  most  sat- 
isfactory report  I  shall  receive.  Tumbez,  further  north,  raises  the 
same  quality  of  cotton,  but  as  yet  its  cultivation  is-exceedingly  lim- 
ited, owing  to  the  scarcity  and  unreliability  of  the  labor  procurable. 
I  am  assured  by  several  of  the  best-informed  people  in  Peru,  and  some 
of  them  owners  of  property  near  Tumbez,  that  the  possibilities  of  cot- 
ton culture  as  described  by  Mr.  Clark  with  reference  to  the  Piura  and 
Chira  valleys  have  their  equal  in  the  region  about  Tumbez,  with  the 
additional  advantage  of  greater  humidity,  and  that  there  are  already 
two  well  equipped  oil  companies  sinking  wells  in  the  valley  of  Tum- 
bez, with  every  prospect  of  success  equal  to  that  met  with  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Talara,  where,'  during  the  last  month,  another  well  has  been 
bored,  yielding  a  How  of  1,500  barrels  per  day. 

I  have  carefully  made  a  copy  of  Mr.  Clark's  report,  and  it  will 
please  him,  as  well  as  the  people  of  this  department,  if  you  will  have  it 
printed  at  an  early  day  in  the  Consular  Reports.  I  regard  it  as  worthy 
of  all  credence,  for  I  know  of  no  one  who  is  more  capable  of  giving 
full  and  exact  information  on  the  questions  I  propounded. 

A.  J.  Daugherty, 

Consul. 


[Inclosare  in  Consul  Daugherty's  report.] 
COTTON-RAISING  IN  PIURA. 

The  value  of  lands  in  this  department  suitable  for  raising  cotton  can 
only  be  given  approximately.  Lands  suitable  for  the  raising  of  cotton 
are  those  along  the  banks  of  the  rivers  Piura  and  Chira,  subject  to 
periodical  inundations,  and  generally  comprise  parts  of  large  estates 
held  zealously  by  the  comparatively  few  owners. 

#  #  #  #  #  #  # 

From  Piura  to  the  port  of  Sechura  there  is  a  distance  of  30  miles,  and 
along  this  section  the  conditions  are  different.  The  river  here  has  very 
low  banks,  if  any,  and  a  rise  which  would  be  hardly  noticeable  above 
Piura  will  here  inundate  a  very  extensive  area;  so  that  the  extent  of 
cultivable  land  is  not  confined  to  the  belt  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  banks,  but  extends  over  a  vast  tract,  which,  as  a  general  rule, 
surfers  from  an  overabundance  of  irrigation,  and  in  seasons  of  great 
floods  cultivation  is  impossible  for  many  months. 

These  lands  do  not  belong  to  large  estates,  but  are  the  common  prop- 
erty of  the  two  communities  of  Catacaos  and  Sechura,  which  together 


48       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

number  about  35,000  Indians.  As  a  result  of  the  time  they  have  been 
in  possession  and  the  natural  increase  of  families,  the  land  is  very  much 
subdivided,  so  that  it  is  rare  to  find  one  holder  of  more  than  5  acres, 
though  a  few  may  have  perhaps  30  or  even  50  acres. 

It  is  this  section  that  raises  the  best  quality  of  cotton,  and  the  pro- 
duction, though  it  has  steadily  increased  during  the  last  twenty  years, 
would  be  far  greater  were  the  owners  of  the  soil  more  industrious  and 
energetic.  The  manufacture  of  straw  hats  is  the  principal  industry  of 
Catacaos,  while  the  Indians  of  Sechura  are  the  muleteers  of  the  depart- 
ment, and  work  the  salt  mines,  which  supply  the  requirements  of  the 
coast  between  Paita  and  Panama.  As  a  consequence,  agriculture  is  a 
secondary  consideration,  and  is  carried  on  in  a  desultory  way,  not  at 
all  in  conformity  with  the  possibilities  of  the  land ;  and  the  difficulty 
of  acquiring  the  lands  by  rental  or  by  purchase  on  the  part  of  white 
people  gives  but  small  hope  of  any  change. 

While  there  is  an  abundance  of  water  for  irrigating,  no  practical 
measures  have  thus  far  been  taken  for  utilizing  the  immense  volume 
annually  emptied  into  the  sea  by  the  rivers  Piura  and  Chira,  which, 
with  the  exception  of  the  Tumbez,  are  the  largest  on  the  Peruvian 
coast.  Lands  whose  fertility  is  proverbial  even  in  Peru  are  allowed  to 
lie  waste,  and  the  only  agriculture  carried  on  is  along  the  banks  of  the 
rivers  and  on  such  sections  farther  retired  as  are  flooded  by  the  inun- 
dations which,  with  almost  mathematical  precision,  occur  as  a  conse- 
quence of  heavy  rains  once  in  seven  years. 

These  inundations  triple  the  extent  of  cultivable  land,  and  the  accom- 
panying rains  make  it  possible  to  sow  cotton  in  points  of  the  desert  far 
removed  from  the  rivers;  and  this  explains  why,  after  one  of  these 
extraordinary  years,  the  exportation  of  cotton  increases  so  wonder- 
fully. Not  taking  into  consideration  such  lands  above  and  beyond  the 
cotton  belt,  it  may  be  estimated  that  the  Piura  River  has  about  40.000 
acres  and  the  Chira  Valley  an  equal  amount  of  land  available  for  the 
successful  cultivation  of  cotton.  Of  this  total  of  80,000  acres,  perhaps 
a  little  over  one-third  is  devoted  to  the  purpose. 

The  rains,  which  occur  but  once  every  seven  years,  show  so  palpa- 
bly what  a  small  amount  of  water  will  do  on  this  wonderfully  fertile 
soil  that  it  has  been  the  constant  dream  of  this  department  for  the  last 
forty  years  to  establish  a  system  of  irrigation  which  shall  utilize  the 
vast  amounts  of  water  now  lost  and  bring  under  organized  cultivation 
lands  which  are  otherwise  of  no  use  or  value.  In  view  of  the  almost 
fabulous  results  to  be  obtained  by  the  realization  of  such  a  scheme  at 
an  outlay  of  no  great  magnitude,  it  might  be  thought  that  the  necessary 
capital  could  have  been  obtained  from  the  wealthy  inhabitants  of  the 
department,  who,  more  than  any  others,  would  recognize  the  surety  of 
the  investment;  but  it  must  be  held  in  consideration  that  there  is 
but  a  small  amount  of  public  spirit  in  South  American  countries,  and 
the  advantages  of  association  are  almost  completely  ignored.  There  is 
no  occasion  for  me  to  enter  into  the  reasons  for  this,  but  the  fact  remains 
that  the  hundreds  of  highly  profitable  enterprises  established  in  Peru 
since  its  independence  are  all  in  the  hands  of  foreigners. 

The  scheme  of  irrigation  in  this  department  has,  as  I  have  stated, 
occupied  the  public  mind  more  than  forty  years,  during  which  period 
seven  different  studies  were  made  by  engineers  appointed  by  the  Peru- 
vian Government,  all  of  which  cost  large  sums,  with  no  other  results 
than  the  reports,  which  unanimously  represent  the  feasibility  of  the 
work.  The  last  and  most  exhaustive  of  these  studies  was  made  by  an 
American  engineer  in  1874  and  1875,  under  the  administration  of  Presi- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  49 

dent  J).  Manuel  Pardo,  when  it  was  finally  resolved  that  the  work  should 
at  once  l>c  done  by  the  Government ;  and  a  sum  was  voted  for  it,  to  be 
taken  from  a  loan  then  being  negotiated  in  Europe.  Unfortunately, just 
at  this  period  rein  entered  into  its  financial  difficulties.  The  loan  was 
not  obtained,  and  the  Chilean  war,  which  broke  out  soon  after,  caused  all 
works  of  a  pubic  character  to  lie  forgotten.  When  the  foreign  war  and 
the  civil  commotions  succeeding  it  came  to  an  end  iu  1885,  private 
parties  took  up  the  scheme,  and  the  offer  of  carrying  out  the  work  in 
conformity  with  the  last  studies  made  was  accepted,  and  a  comes 
sion  was  at  once  given,  on  very  liberal  terms,  to  Maj.  Allied  T.  Sears. 
According  to  the  studies  serving  as  a  basis  for  the  work,  an  outlay 
of  $1,01)0,000  will  bring  under  cultivation  an  equal  number  of  acres, 
most  of  which  are  situated  in  the  most  favored  section  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  best  class  of  cotton,  being  the  more  arid  lauds  of  the  com- 
munities of  Catacaos  and  Sechura.  If,  as  is  almost  a  certainty,  the 
irrigation  now  projected  is  realized,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  pro- 
duction of  this  privileged  section  will  soon  become  a  powerful  factor 
in  foreign  markets,  though  this  will  involve  no  danger  to  the  American 
cotton,  as  will  lie  shown  farther  on. 

In  the  Chira  Valley,  from  its  close  proximity  to  the  port  of  Paita, 
irrigation  has  received  more  attention;  but  all  attempts  thus  far  have 
proved  abortive,  not  that  the  machinery  set  up  for  the  purpose  has  not 
done  all  that  could  be  desired,  but  because  the  sudden  and  heavy 
freshets  to  which  that  river  is  subject  have  either  carried  away  the 
machinery  or  left  it  so  far  from  the  new  banks  formed  by  a  severe  devia- 
tion as  to  render  it  of  no  use. 

The  planters  of  that  valley  have  for  the  last  few  years  been  attempt- 
ing to  make  some  arrangement  by  which  foreign  capital  may  be 
attracted,  but  as  yet  nothing  definite  has  been  done,  though  it  is  to  be 
presumed  it  will  be  only  a' question  of  time. 

The  wages  paid  for  labor  are  according  to  the  kind  of  labor  employed 
and  the  urgency  of  the  service. 

The  estates,  called  "  haciendas,"  have  a  number  of  resident  families, 
say  thirty  or  forty.  The  head  of  the  family  is  given  a  small  tract  on 
the  river  bank  for  his  own  use,  and  for  this  he  pays  a  certain  amount 
per  year,  varying  according  to  the  river  frontage  and  the  depth  of  the 
woodland  back  of  the  cultivable  edge,  which  may  be  100  or  300  yards. 
The  amount  paid  as  rent  in  money  is  comparatively  small,  but  is  made 
good  by  the  fact  that  the  occupant  has  to  give  to  the  hacienda  his 
services  for  a  certain  number  of  days,  and  at  the  periods  which  may 
be  indicated  to  him  by  the  owner  of  the  hacienda.  Such  services  are 
sometimes  free;  but,  as  a  general  rule,  they  are  requited  by  a  certain 
sum,  even  though  this  be  but  a  nominal  one.  An  estate  having  400  or 
more  acres  dedicated  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  will  employ  snch  labor 
and  perhaps  do  all  the  planting  with  but  a  small  disbursement;  but  in 
years  of  abundant  rains  they  so  extend  the  ordinary  area  of  cultiva- 
tion that  help  has  to  be  sought  from  outside;  and,  as  the  sowing  must 
be  done  at  once,  wages  for  a  few  weeks  are  comparatively  high.  After 
the  rains  of  last  year  as  high  as  1^  sols  (or  $1.15)  were  paid  per  day, 
but  this  lasted  only  a  short  time.  The  cause  of  such  wages  being 
demanded  and  given  arises  from  the  circumstance  that  all  classes  of 
laborers  are  in  the  same  predicament  as  the  planter,  that  is.  all  want 
to  sow  cotton  on  their  own  account,  and  even  those  dwelling  in  the 
towns  and  cities  have  only  to  work  their  little  farms  in  the  surrounding 
districts  or  deserts,  where  land  costs  them  nothing,  and  a  few  days' 
work  will  insure  them  a  supply  of  vegetables  and  two  or  more  crops 
COT — VOL  2 4- 


50 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


of  cotton.  Under  ordinary  circumstances,  a  farm  laborer's  wages  will 
be  50  cents  in  silver  for  ten  hours'  work.  Where  the  distance  of  an 
estate  from  a  town  is  considerable,  the  wages  will  be  lower. 

To  get  a  fair  valuation  of  the  cost  of  raising  a  pound  of  cotton  in 
this  district  the  calculation  must  be  extended  over  a  period  of  three 
years.  The  first  crop,  produced  ten  months  after  sowing,  demands  the 
heaviest  expense.  The  second  crop  is  usually  the  largest,  with  but  a 
fraction  of  the  expense  of  the  previous  one,  and  the  third,  yielding 
nearly  as  much,  demands  no  other  outlay  than  what  is  paid  for  picking. 
The  subsequent  ones,  which  may  be  three,  or  four,  or  even  more,  accord- 
ing to  the  nature  of  the  soil,  require  but  the  trifling  expense  of  trim- 
ming after  the  conclusion  of  each  crop.  Calculating  the  expenses  of 
three  and  a  half  years,  covering  six  crops,  the  cost  of  unginned  cotton 
per  quintal  (101J  pounds),  delivered  at  a  ginning  establishment,  may 
safely  be  set  down  at  1.95  silver  sols  (or  $1.88).  As  the  proportion  of 
clean  cotton  to  seed  cotton  is  100  pounds  from  280  pounds,  the  cost  of 
100  pounds  of  clean  cotton  is  5.46  sols,  equivalent  to  $5.24.  Other 
items  of  expense  are  as  follows:  Baling,  ginning,  etc.,  per  100  pounds, 
1.50  sols;  freight  to  port  and  shipping  charges  per  100  pounds,  1.10  sols; 
export  duty,  0.20  sol;  expenses  from  aboard  at  Paita  to  sale,  per  pound, 
Id. ;  charges  on  account  of  sale,  per  ton,  9s.;  freight — New  York  via 
Panama,  per  Pacific  Mail,  per  ton,  $28;  Liverpool  via  Panama,  £4,  10s.; 
Liverpool  via  Straits,  £3,  10s.;  Liverpool  via  sail,  £3;  Liverpool  via 
Straits,  per  Holt  line,  just  established  and  in  opposition  to  others,  £2 
to  £2,5s.  A  bale  of  175  pounds  represents  490  pouncfe  of  seed,  and 
this  is  sent  to  Liverpool,  where  the  average  price  is  £5,  10s.  per  ton; 
freight,  per  sail,  35s. 

While  the  cotton  indigenous  to  this  section  is,  with  but  few  excep- 
tions, that  classified  as  "rough  Peruvian"  and  of  long  staple,  the  lands 
from  the  city  of  Piura  towards  the  sea  are  those  which  produce  the 
superior  kind.  Prior  to  the  year  1885  the  principal  market  was  Liver- 
pool, though  a  few  shipments  were  made  direct  to  Hamburg,  where  its 
special  adaptability  for  admixture  with  woolen  goods  was  first  recog- 
nized. Since  the  above-mentioned  year  the  direct  shipments  to  New 
York  have  been  annually  increasing. 

It  is  put  up  in  bales  of  about  175  pounds,  for  the  convenience  of  car- 
riage by  mule  to  the  coast.  As  regards  the  average  export  price,  the 
time  at  my  disposal  is  not  sufficient  to  obtain  very  minute  information, 
and  1  can  only  give  the  highest  and  lowest  prices  for  each  year  since 
1885.  The  prices  .^iveu  are  in  Peruvian  silver  sols  and  per  quintal  of 
about  100  pounds  of  unginned  cotton  placed  at  a  ginning  establishment. 

Table  showing  the  price  of  unginned  col  ton  from  1SS5  to  1S02. 


Year. 

Highest. 

Lov 

■est. 

1885 

quintal. . 

Sols. 
1.63 
1.41 
1 .  65 
1.97 
3.0] 
2.89 
1.94 
1.94 

So 

Is. 

1  17 

1  186 

.92 

1  387 

ii 

1  14 



it 

1  50 

I8flfl    

ii 

1  00 

1890 

ii 

1  60 

1-'>I  

ii 

1  50 

■   MlM  1,  31) 

ii 

.93 

The  money  with  which  cotton  is  bough!  is  the  Bolivian  silver,  which 
is  worth  from  8  to  15  per  cent  less  than  Peruvian  silver.     Exchange 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  51 

on  New  York  for  Bolivian  silver  has  been  quoted  during  the  above 
period  at  from  45  to  70  per  cent  premium  for  gold.  The  present  quo- 
tation is  72  per  cent,  and  a  fair  average  may  be  placed  at  5H  per  cent. 
The  lack  of  reliable  statistics  in  public  offices  makes  it  very  difficult 
to  give  exact  information  as  regards  the  beginning  of  this  industry, 
but  from  what  1  have  been  able  to  gather  1  find  that  the  exportation 
from  Paita  firsl  began  to  attract  attention  in  L862,  being  for  that  year 
and  t lie  three  succeeding  years  as  follows: 


Tear. 

Pounds. 

1SC2 

341,243 

1803 

1,  167,  250 

1864 

4,207  082 

18ti5 

4, 145,  2G0 

The  sudden  increase  after  18G2  was  due  to  the  demand  created  by 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  when  cotton  was  sold  here  as  high  as  38  sols 
per  quintal  (unginned).  For  the  years  after  1885  I  have  takeu  the 
importations  into  Liverpool,  which  are  as  follows : 


Year. 

Pounds. 

1885 

6,216,875 
8  170  750 

1-  36    

1887 

1888 

7  460  250 

1889 

1890 

(I  243  062 

1892  (to  March  31) 

3, 143,  658 

To  the  above  figures  there  are  to  be  added  the  amounts  shipped  to 
New  York,  which  have  been  steadily  on  the  increase.  The  amount  for 
the  three  months  of  this  year  has  been  8,880  quintals.  Though  the 
New  York  market  had  for  some  time  purchased  this  cotton  from  Liver- 
pool, it  was  only  in  1885  that  the  first  direct  shipment  was  made  from 
Paita.  iSince  then  the  trade  has  gradually  increased  in  proportion  as 
the  peculiar  quality  of  the  cotton  was  recognized  by  American  manu- 
facturers, as  is  proved  by  the  fact  that,  in  spite  of  the  enormous  American 
crops  of  1890  and  1891,  while  the  production  here  was  only  about  15,000 
quintals,  the  importations  into  Mew  York  were  19,300  quintals,  the 
greater  part  of  which  was  seut  from  Liverpool.  At  this  rate  of  in- 
crease, which,  it  is  natural  to  suppose,  will  continue,  the  necessities  of 
the  New  York  market  alone  will  soon  be  greater  than  the  entire  pro- 
duction of  the  department. 

Under  ordinary  circumstances  an  acre  will  yield  an  average  of  325 
pounds  of  clean  cotton.  On  land  of  a  superior  quality,  and  where 
there  is  neither  an  excess  nor  dearth  of  humidity,  the  yield  will  be 
larger,  but  the  above  is  a  good  average. 

The  plant  is  perennial,  and  when  conditions  are  good  will  give  two 
crops  a  year  for  many  years.  Plants  have  been  known  to  give  crops 
for  thirty  years,  but  the  productive  period  is  placed  at  seven  or  eight 
years,  and  as  this  period  nearly  coincides  with  the  rainy  seasons,  the 
old  plants  are  generally  removed  to  give  place  to  new  ones,  whose  cul- 
tivation entails  but  little  more  expense,  while  the  production  is  far 
superior.  A  rainy  season  concludes  in  April,  and  the  first  crop  is  taken 
in  January  or  February  of  the  next  year,  while  the  second  one  comes  on 


52    ,   COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

in  July  and  August.  The  second  crop  is  generally  larger  than  the  first, 
while  the  succeediug  ones  suffer  a  gradual  diminution  as  the  humidity 
of  the  soil  becomes  exhausted.  The  fiowers  aud  bolls  succeed  each 
other  continually  and  are  seen  on  the  plant  at  the  same  time,  as  the 
climate  is  more  or  less  the  same  all  the  year  round. 

There  are  twenty  establishments  for  ginning,  all  of  which  are  sup- 
plied with  Eagle  gins.  The  capacity  of  these  establishments  varies 
from  20  to  60  bales  per  day. 

The  chief  point  of  interest  in  connection  with  this  subject  is  the  con- 
sideration of  how  the  possible  increase  in  the  production  of  cotton  in 
this  department  may  affect  the  American  article.  While  at  first  sight 
this  migbt  be  deemed  possible,  a  fuller  understanding  of  the  subject 
will  dispel  such  an  idea.  The  cotton  of  this  department  is  sui  generis 
and  has  no  exact  counterpart  in  the  production  of  any  other  country, 
and  its  application  is  so  exclusively  in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods 
that  it  would  not  be  strange  if,  when  it  is  better  known,  the  quotation 
of  its  prices  should  appear  together  with  those  of  wool  itself,  to  which 
it  is  so  nearly  allied  by  nature.  As  it  is,  its  price  is  not  at  all  influ- 
enced by  that  of  other  cottons,  but  by  that  of  wool,  and  it  has  fre- 
quently occurred  in  the  Liverpool  market  that  while  all  kinds  of  cotton 
were  steadily  declining  the  Peru  cotton  was  steadily  rising  in  exact 
proportion  to  the  rise  in  wool. 

There  is  a  general  feeling  of  apprehension  among  those  engaged  in 
this  business  tb at,  as  the  importations  into  the  United  States  increase, 
a  duty  may  be  imposed;  but  this  would  seem  hardly  probable,  since  its 
introduction  does  not  conflict  with  any  of  the  kinds  cultivated  there, 
nor  is  it  either  probable  that  such  cultivation  will  ever  be  possible  on 
a  scale  large  enough  to  meet  the  demand,  if  at  all.  The  peculiarity  of 
the  Piura  cotton  is  doubtless  the  result  of  soil  and  climate,  wiiich 
would  hardly  be  found  exactly  equal  in  any  other  section.  And  so  true 
is  this  that  seed  taken  from  this  department  and  sown  in  that  of  lea, 
where  both  soil  and  climate  are  apparently  exactly  similar,  at  once 
degenerates  into  a  cotton  of  far  less  value. 

The  climate  here  is  excessively  dry,  and  the  heat  continuous,  what  is 
called  the  cold  season  being  but  a  slight  modification  of  the  great  heat 
of  the  summer  months.  From  observations  taken  during  three  years, 
it  was  learned  that  the  average  range  of  the  thermometer  was  from 
70°  to  77°,  and  the  highest  noted  85°  at  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 
During  the  same  period  the  atmospheric  humidity  was  between  00°  and 
05°,  though  it  frequently  reached  75°,  and  occasionally  78°.  The 
quantity  of  ozone,  as  measured  in  Schonbein's  register  (of  which  the 
maximum  is  10),  varied  between  3i  and  7,  ascending  on  a  few  occasions 
to  8  and  even  9.  It  might  seem  natural  to  expect  that  in  a  country 
situated  5  south  of  the  equator  and  in  towns  surrounded  by  sandy 
deserts  at  but  a  slight  elevation  above  the  sea  the  heat  would  be 
severe  and  debilitating,  but  such  is  far  from  beiiig  the  case.  The 
department  of  Piura  is  the  sanitarium  of  the  coast.  Its  inhabitants 
are  strong  and  energetic,  and  contagious  diseases  are  almost  unknown. 
While  the  dryness  of  the  heat  and  the  profuse  perspiration  attendant 
on  any  exertion  is  undoubtedly  a  principal  cause  of  this  condition,  a 
powerful  factor  is  the  trade  wind,  winch,  with  varying  force,  daily 
sweeps  over  the  sandy  deserts.  At  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  with  a 
uniformity  that  may  almost  serve  to  regulate  a  watch,  it  begins  sud- 
denly to  freshen  to  a  breeze  of  generally  about  20  miles  an  hour  and 
rises  till  7  p.m.,  when  it  has  attained  a  maximum  of  from  25  to  32  miles, 
though  it  frequently  blows  ior  an  hour  or  so  from  35  to  40  miles  an  hour. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  53 

While  it  may  be  possible  to  find  in  the  United  States  a  section  which 
may  in  a  measure  meet  these  requirements  of  climate,  it  would  per- 
daps  be  difficult  for  these  to  be  joined  with  the  equally  necessary  con- 
hitions  of  soil.  The  necessity  of  a  uniform  and  high  heat  during  ten 
months  for  the  development  of  the  plant  is  a  barrier  to  its  cultivation 
in  any  but  a  tropical  country,  and  even  there  the  necessity  of  a  dry 
climate  will  still  more  circumscribe  the  possibilities  of  successful  cul- 
tivation. The  department  of  Piura  will  undoubtedly  be  for  a  long  time 
the  only  source  of  supply,  and.  if  the  demand  for  this  peculiar  cotton 
increases,  as  is  to  be  expected,  the  increase  of  cultivable  land  through 
a  well  organized  system  of  irrigation  will  not  only  cover  all  possible 
demand,  but  will  tend  to  lower  its  price  and  thus  make  its  use  more 
general. 

Emilio  Clark, 

Consular  Agent. 

Piura,  Peru,  April  15,  1S02. 


Report  of  A.  J.  Daugherty,  U.  S.  consul  at  Callao,  Pern. 

JANUARY  18,  is:t::. 

Tou  will  find  in  the  Consular  Reports  Xo.  141,  of  .Tune,  1S92,  a  report 
on  cotton-raising  in  the  department  of  Piura.  the  most  important  cot- 
ton-raising district  of  Peru.  This  report  was  furnished  by  our  consular 
agent,  Mr.  Emilio  Clark,  who  has  resided  in  that  locality  for  a  great 
many  years,  and  his  position  as  planter  and  cotton  merchant  gives  him 
opportunities  enjoyed  by  few  men  in  Peru  for  thorough  and  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  subject.  In  recommending  to  your  consideration 
this,  the  latest  report  on  the  subject,  I  refer  you  to  something  that  I 
believe  to  be  in  every  way  reliable,  and  which,  I  doubt  not,  will  prove 
valuable  to  you. 

It  was  my  desire  to  forward  also  something  regarding  cotton-raising 
in  the  department  of  lea  and  in  the  district  about  Chancay,  in  the 
department  of  Lima,  from  which  points  cotton  comes  to  the  coast 
markets,  although  to  no  great  extent.  We  have  no  consular  agent  in 
the  department  of  lea. 

I  have  written  letters  and  made  every  effort  to  get  additional  infor- 
mation to  that  referred  to  in  the  report  mentioned  above,  but  without 
result. 

I  have  talked  with  a  gentleman  who  has  been  engaged  in  cotton- 
raising  in  the  lea  district,  and  he  tells  me  that  the  figures  as  to  cost  of 
labor,  etc.,  given  by  Mr.  Clark,  as  applying  to  the  industry  in  the 
department  of  Piura,  are  so  nearly  the  same  as  those  ruling  at  lea  that 
for  all  practical  purposes  they  may  be  used  for  lea. 

1  am  assured  by  officials  to  whom  I  have  applied  that  there  are  no 
public  statistics  on  this  subject  published  by  the  Government. 


54       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  E.  M.  Columbus,  U.  S.  consular  agent  at  Payta,  Peru. 

APRIL,  1890. 

After  five  years  of  drought  this  province  and  state  are  naturally 
depressed  in  the  way  of  commerce  and  all  kinds  of  industry.  The 
valley  of  Chira  forms  a  favorable  exception.  The  production  of  the 
valley  consists  principally  of  native  Peruvian  cotton. 

Gossypium  herbaceum  peruvianum,  an  article  used  very  extensively  in 
Europe  for  the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods,  with  which  it  mixes 
readily  on  account  of  its  rough,  strong,  and  long  fiber,  is  produced 
abundantly  throughout  the  state  after  the  rainy  seasons,  which  are 
periodical  and  occur  generally  every  seven  years,  and  is  cultivated 
always  along  the  banks  of  rivers  on  lowlands  irrigated  by  the  overflow 
of  streams.  The  plant  is  arborescent  and  perennial,  and,  after  fully 
developing,  continues  producing  cotton  for  five  or  six  years  in  succes- 
sion, provided  there  be  some  moisture  in  the  ground,  needing,  however, 
very  little  of  it  on  account  of  its  deep  rooting,  thus  reaching  moisture 
at  great  depths.  The  system  of  cultivation  of  this  plant  is  quite 
primitive,  the  seeds  being  planted  by  making  holes  in  the  ground  with 
spades,  without  tilling  or  manuring  the  soil.  The  plant  becomes  devel- 
oped and  begins  to  bear  cotton  in  dry  and  sandy  soil  about  six  months 
after  planting,  and  about  nine  months  in  rich  and  wet  land,  continuing 
to  yield  at  short  intervals  for  five  or  six  years  more  in  succession.  It 
is  wonderful  to  behold  the  same  plant  in  blossom,  with  pods,  buds,  and 
cotton,  all  at  the  same  time,  and  giving  a  continual  yield  for  the  time 
above  stated. 

In  certain  seasons  of  the  year,  about  every  seven  years,  the  rains 
are  incessant  here  for  about  two  months,  both  in  the  interior  and  on 
the  coast,  and  water  descends  in  such  abundance  as  almost  to 
inundate  the  country.  Large  torrents  stream  down  the  mountain 
side,  the  valley  of  the  Chira  is  deluged,  and  flat  lands  within 
it  are  turned  into  morasses,  and  morasses  into  lakes;  in  a  word,  the 
lowland  becomes  submerged,  and  the  accumulated  mass  of  waters  rush 
with  great  force  down  the  central  valley,  which  forms  their  only  outlet. 
The  valley,  however,  is  wide  and  the  descent  very  gradual.  The 
extent  of  the  valley  through  which  the  water  flows  is  3  to  4  miles 
wide,  and  though  it  is  nearly  200  miles  in  extent,  the  valley  for  the 
whole  distance  is  almost  level.  There  is  only  sufficient  descent,  espe- 
cially for  the  last  60  miles,  to  determine  a  very  gentle  current  to  the 
sea.  Under  these  circumstances  the  great  quantity  of  water  proceed- 
ing from  the  mountains  expands  over  the  whole  valley,  and  forms,  for 
a  time,  an  immense  lake,  extending  in  length  across  the  whole  breadth 
of  the  lowland. 

The  rains  generally  cease  in  March,  but  it  requires  from  thirty  live 
to  fifty  days  for  the  water  to  disappear  and  leave  the  land  dry.  As 
soon  as  that  is  effected,  there  springs  up  from  the  whole  surface  of  the 
ground  which  has  been  thus  submerged  most  luxuriant  vegetation. 

The  soil  is  wonderfully  rich  and  has  been  under  cultivation  by  the 
aborigines  from  time  immemorial,  and  its  fertility  is  kept  up  unim- 
paired by  the  slime  {Lhnus  terrw),  which  is  abundantly  deposited  dur- 
ing inundation. 

Cotton  is  collected,  when  the  pods  open,  by  women  and  children, 
who  are  paid  in  proportion  to  the  quantity  collected,  the  prevailing 
rates  being  40  cents  for  every  quintal  (100  pounds).  Cotton  is  taken 
from  the  fields  to  the  ginning  houses,  where  it  is  cleaned  and  made 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


55 


into  bales  of  about  175  pounds  each.  We  have  live  of  such  establish- 
ments in  this  province,  one  iD  Querecotillo,  on  the  east  side  of  th«riv<  r. 
about  50  miles  in  fche  interior,  owned  by  an  Englishman;  two  in  Sullana, 

a  city  of  about  4,000  inhabitants  on  the  west  -side  of  the  river,  about 
45  miles  from  the  coast,  owned  by  natives;  and  two  in  La  Huaca,  a 
village  of  about  1,000  inhabitants,  on  this  side  of  the  river,  21  miles 
from  Payta,  on  the  railroad  to  Pinraj  both  are  owned  by  foreigners. 
an  Englishman  and  an  Italian.  The  quantity  exported  annually  aver- 
ages from  f  15,000  to  70,000  bales,  the  gross  value  of  which,  at  current 
prices  here,  is  about  $2,000,000  in  current  money  (Bolivian  silver  dol- 
lars, equal  to  68  cents  each).  Seeds  are  now  also  exported  for  oil- 
making.     Europe  is  the  market  for  both  products. 


Report  of  Charles  L.  Knapp,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Jfontrcal,  Canada. 

JULY  21,  1898. 

There  is  no  area  of  land  in  the  district  of  this  consulate-general,  or 
in  Canada,  devoted  to  the  cultivation  and  growing  of  cotton. 

Permit  me  further  to  report,  relative  to  cotton  consumpton,  that  I 
have  caused  to  be  prepared  a  full  and  complete  statement  of  all  the 
importations  and  exportations  of  raw  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton into  and  from  the  Dominion  of  Canada  for  the  past  eight  years, 
together  witli  the  values  thereof,  and  also  the  countries  from  which 
imported  and  to  which  exported. 

This  statement  has  been  prepared  with  much  care  and  accuracy,  and 
is  herewith  inclosed  and  forms  a  part  of  this  report. 

Permit  me  still  further  to  say.  relative  to  that  part  of  the  inquiry 
relating  to  the  displacement  of  cotton  by  fibers,  such  as  wool,  hemp,  jute, 
flax,  etc..  that  alter  investigation  and  also  inquiry  made  of  the  largest 
manufacturers  in  this  consular  district,  lam  informed  that  such  fibers, 
as  above  mentioned,  do  not  to  any  material  extent  displace  cotton  in 
this  consular  district,  whicii  information  I  am  satisfied  is  correct. 


Table  showing  the  value  of  cotton  manufactures  annually  imported  into  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  from  ■tunc:'!).  1884,  to  June  SO,  1892;  also  the  quantity  and  value  of  raw  cotton 
and  cotton  waste  imported  during  the  name  period. 


Year  ending  June  30 — 

Cotton 
manufac- 
tures. 

Raw  cotton. 

Cotton  waste. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

1885 

$5,884,002 

5,  205,  7  Hi 
4.  117.77:; 
4.  146,521 
3,991,795 
4,  009,942 
3,999,  153 

21,770,308     *2.  363.8B9 

1,957,217 
1,777,533 
2,256,  L86 
1,923,593 
3,430,527 
3,  L79,  172 
60,632 
1,247,085 

$129,429 
114.  8l'l 
147.  .".47 

1887 

29,728,512 
30,  971,070 

2,8'.' 
2,933,  877 

1888 

31,  626,683 
35,793,067 
33,456,015 
35,643,056 

42,  075,  440 

:;.  L10, 522 
3,612,574 
3,539,249 
3,603,  !-."■ 
3,389,232 

112.421 

1X89 

222,  942 

1890 : 

2-2.  527 

1891 

274,066 

1892 

284.  Vtrl 

56 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES.  AND 


Statement  showing   the  annual  exports  of  cotton  manufactures  from  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  from  June  30,  1884,  to  June  30,  1892. 


To— 

Year 

ending 

June  30, 

1885. 

Tear 

ending 

June  30, 

1886. 

Tear 
ending 

Juih-  30, 
1887. 

Year 

ending 

June  30, 

1888. 

Tear 
ending 
June  30, 

1889. 

Tear 

ending 

June  30, 

1890. 

Tear 
ending 
June  30, 

1891. 

Tear 

ending 

June  30. 

1892. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

Value. 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

7,100 

127,  806 

13,  827 

9,397 
79, 574 
70, 983 

228,  958 

United  States 

( ttber  countries 

2,080 
35,  111 

7.  860 
12, 772 

6,  742 
3,  404 

57, 459 
17, 714 

101.455 
7,367 

63,  027 
30,  726 

Total  exports. 

37, 191 

20,  632 

10, 146 

75, 173 

148,  733 

108, 822 

159,  954 

322,  711 

Report  of  Richard  G.  Lay,  TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Ottawa,  Canada. 

FEBRUARY  14,  1873. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  to  obtain  reliable  data  and  a  delay  has 
been  necessary  owing1  to  the  nonreceipt  from  correspondents  of  their 
reports,  and  in  obtaining  information  from  the  latest  customs  returns 
which  have  not  been  made  up  until  recently.  I  now  transmit  in  tabu- 
lar form  statements  taken  from  the  official  customs  reports.  The 
report  of  Mr.  E.  I>.  Biggar  of  the  "  Canadian  Journal  of  Fabrics,"  which 
was  written  at  my  request,  is  also  transmitted. 

Value  of  manufactures  of  cotton  exported  from  Canada,  1SS0  to  1S92. 


1880 $14,091 

1881 6,990 

1882 12,402 

1883 28,074 

1884 23,572 


[From  official  customs  reports.] 

1885 $48,460 

1886 28,217 

1887 18,596 

1888 84,320 

1889 155,637 


1890 $120,899 

1891 174,955 

1892 334,846 


Importation  of  cotton  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  1SS0  to  1892* 


Pounds. 


1880. 


1881. 


1882. 


i.vs:;. 


Great  Britain 

United  States 13, 

British  West  Indies 

Turkey  

Great  Britain 

United  States 15, 

British  West  Indies 

Great  Britain 

United  States 18, 

Brazil 

Great  1  Jri  t  ;i  i  n 

United  States 27, 

Newfound  I ;iinl 

1884.  Great  Britain 

United  States 19, 

1885.  Great  Britain 

United  States 21, 

1886.  Great  Britain 

United  States 29, 

1887.  Greal  Britain 

United  stairs 30, 

1888    Great  Britain 

United  States 31, 


65,  696 
162,  856 

112 

8,  594 
301.033 
717,364 

324 

9,  352 
109,835 

8,  L35 

97,  558 

353, 491 

300 

8,838 

194,821 

!>:;.  486 

746,822 

10,  458 

709,  054 

5,432 

965,638 

13,550 

613, 133 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


57 


Pounds. 

1889.  Great  Britain 100,699 

United  States 35,  692,  368 

1890.  Great  Britain 52,  529 

United  states 33, 403, 486 

1891.  Great  Britain 425,860 

1  Hited  States 35,  216.  822 

France 374 

1892.  (ileal   Britain 222,232 

United  States 41,  853,  208 

Imports  of  manufactured  and  raw  cotton  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  1872  to  1891. 


Year. 

Manufact- 
ured cotton 

(value). 

Raw 
cotton. 

Tear. 

Manufact- 
ured cotton 

(value). 

Haw 
cotton. 

1872 

$10,  207,  561 

10,  158,574 

11,318,977 

10,050, 192 

7,502,569 

7, 77U,  895 

7,267,879 

6,551,611 

7,825,164 

10,  204,  460 

I 'minds. 

*  2,  226,  810 

*  2,  752, 302 

*  4,  454,  101 
*4,  782, 106 

*  6,  170,  334 

*  6,  501,  296 

*  8,  011,759 

*  9,  720,  708 
13,237.  L68 
16,013,721 

1882 

$11,125,238 
10,045,032 
7,539,129 
6,241,283 
5, 780,  478 
5,  470,  504 
4,200,072 
4,  245,  868 

3,  963,  182 

4,  029, 110 

Pound*. 
19,  342, 059 

1878 

1883 

28,  777,  071 

1874 

1 884 

20,  769,  940 

1875 

1885 

23, 727  525 

L876 

1886 

31,  506,  045 

1S77 

1 887 

33,  2"7,  256 

1878 

1888 

33  550  276 

1879 

L889 

39,233,594 

36,  635, 187 

1880 

1890 

1881 

1891 

39,  503  0*8 

*  Flax  waste  included. 

The  following  report,  by  Mr.  E.  B.  Big-gar  of  the  "Canadian  Journal 
of  Fabrics,"  was  written  at  my  request: 

"Cotton  manufacturing  in  Canada  began  as  early  as  the  year  1844, 
by  A.  T.  Gait  (now  Sir  A.  T.  Gait).  The  mill  was  fitted  out  with  1,200 
spindles  and  manufactured  cotton  sheetings.  After  running  success- 
fully for  many  years  it  was  burned  down  and  never  rebuilt. 

"  Between  I860  and  1865  the  number  of  cotton  mills  in  these  prov- 
inces had  increased  from  1  to  5,  tlieir  location  being  at  Dundas,  Tho- 
rold,  and  Hastings,  in  Upper  Canada;  at  Montreal,  in  Lower  Canada, 
and  at  St.  John,  in  New  Brunswick.  Tlieir  total  capacity  was  about 
40,000  spindles  and  their  products  were  chiefly  gray  cottons,  sheetings, 
shirtings,  yarns,  bags,  and  batting. 

"Before  the  close  of  the  civil  war  linen  manufacturing  was  also 
attempted  in  Canada,  owing  to  the  enormous  prices  of  raw  cotton,  and 
a  large  factory  was  started  at  Preston  under  the  auspices  of  George 
Stephen  (now  Lord  Mount  Stephen),  but  when  the  war  closed  that 
staple  fell  in  price  and  the  linen  factory  died  an  early  death.  When 
trade  settled  down  after  the  war  there  was  little  normal  development 
in  cotton  manufacturing  for  some  years. 

"Before  the  new  census  of  L88J  was  taken  the  Government  had  inau- 
gurated the  national  policy  by  which  the  duties  were  increased  from 
I T P,  per  cent  to  a  rate  ranging  from  20  to  35  per  cent  on  cotton  goods, 
and  this  gave  the  industry  such  a  stimulus  that  in  1881  there  were 
reported  nineteen  mills  in  Canada,  of  which  eleven  were  in  Ontario, 
six  in  Quebec,  and  two  in  New  Brunswick,  and  they  were  reported  as 
employing  3,527  hands.  In  L885,  besides  those  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  wadding  and  batting,  there  were  twenty-five  cotton  mills  in 
Canada  with  9,702  looms  and  461,748  spindles.  In  1802  there  were 
twenty-five  mills  with  12,288  looms  and  546,700  spindles,  while  on  the 
1st  of  January,  1893,  the  total  was  about  590,000  spindles.  The 
impetus  given  to  home  manufacture  by  the  increased  duty  in  1878  and 
the  reports  of  enormous  dividends  made  by  some  of  the  mills  led  to 


58 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


overbuilding  and  overinvestments  in  this  branch  till  in  1883  a  crisis 
occurred,  from  the  effects  of  which  it  took  nearly  a  decade  to  recover. 

"The  export  of  Canadian  cotton  goods  to  China  is  arecent  development 
of  trade  in  the  Dominion.  The  first  experimental  shipment  was  made  in 
1886,  and  such  were  the  prospects  of  the  trade  that  considerable  ship 
ments  have  been  made  every  year  since.  In  1888  a  mill  of  8,000  spin- 
dles was  built  at  Montmorency  Falls,  Quebec,  solely  for  this  trade, 
while  the  products  of  two  or  three  other  mills  are  partially  devoted  to 
the  China  trade. 

"The  subjoined  table  shows  the  amount  in  pounds  weight  of  the 
Canadian  cotton  goods  which  have  been  shipped  to  China  over  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  since  the  trade  was  opened  up.  These  goods 
average  3J  to  3£  yards  to  the  pound,  and  at  the  latter  weight  the 
amount  of  Canadian  goods  snipped  in  the  calendar  year  1892  would  be 
6,388,406  yards.  The  Government  returns  of  this  trade  are  not  even 
approximately  correct,  and  the  figures  here  given  are  from  the  railway 
company's  own  returns. 

Cotton  goods  shipped  from  Canada  to  China. 


Tear. 


Canadian 
cottons. 


American 
cottons. 


Total. 


1887 
1S;-S 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Pounds. 
1,742.205 

2, 009, 974 
886, 322 
2,  279, 150 
2,  466,  944 
1,  825.  259 


Pounds. 
4,  055,  970 

6,  816,  798 
12,  245, 150 
17.  079,  730 

7,  413,  167 
4,322,452 


Pounds. 
5,  798, 175 
8,826,772 
13,131,472 
19,  358,  880 
9,880,111 
6, 147,  711 


"The  falling  off  in  1892  is  said  to  be  due,  in  the  case  of  the  United 
States,  to  the  opening  up  of  more  profitable  markets  in  South  America, 
and  in  the  case  of  Canada,  to  the  extra  requirements  of  the  home  print 
goods  trade.  The  printed-cotton  trade  in  Canada  is  represented  by 
one  large  print  works  at  Magog,  in  Quebec  (province),  owned  by  the 
Dominion  Cotton  Mills.  As  a  material  for  textile  fabrics  the  only  great 
rival  of  cotton  here  is  wool.  There  are  two  silk  mills  in  Canada,  but 
these  are  engaged  chiefly  in  the  production  of  sewing  silks  and  silk 
ribbons:  while  the  flax  trade  is  represented  by  one  concern  which  is 
engaged  not  on  linen  fabrics  but  on  flax  twines. 

"  Some  attention  has  been  given  to  ramie  fiber  in  Canada  during  the 
last  two  years,  and  although  neither  it  nor  cotton  can  be  grown  in  the 
country,  this  fiber  will  be  used  to  quite  an  extent  as  a  material  for 
mixing  with  woolen  goods  or  tor  the  manufacture  of  yarns  for  special 
purposes.  The  consumption  of  cotton  goods  of  all  kinds  in  this  country 
will  probably  not  average  more  than  30  yards  per  head  of  population 
per  year,  which  is  much  less  than  in  the  United  States." 


Report  by  Frederick  W.  Ryder,  U.  S.  consul  (it  Qui  !»<■.  Canada. 

OCTOBEB  20,  1892. 

Until  the  year  1888,  the  con  su  nipt  ion  of  cotton  in  this  district  was  very 
small ;  in  thai  year  a  manufactory  was  established.  Notuntil  about  one 
\  ear  ago,  when  a  grade  of  cotton  goods  was  manufactured  especially 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  59 

designed  for  the  Chinese  market,  was  the  concern  placed  upon  a  paying 
basis,  and  at  the  present  time  the  stockholders  are  anticipating  a  divi- 
dend upon  their  investment,  which  will  be  the  first  since  the  capital  was 
invested.    This  is  the  only  manufactory  of  cotton  goods  in  this  district. 

The  raw  cotton  used  is  purchased  in  the  United  States.  The  largest 
amount  imported  in  one  year  was  in  1891,  when  the  figures  reached 
1,251,985  pounds. 

Instead  of  there  being  a  tendency  to  supersede  raw  cotton  by  the 
use  of  other  fibers,  statistics  would  indicate  to  the  contrary,  and  the 
imports  of  hemp,  and  jute  have  fallen  off  completely  in  the  years  1891 
and  1892. 

The  exports  of  manufactured  cotton  goods  previous  to  1892  were  insig- 
nificant, the  entire  value  of  same  from  1883  to  1891,  inclusive,  amount- 
ing to  only  $3,412.  During  the  first  three-quarters  of  1892  the  exports 
of  cotton  amounted  to  690,905,  all  of  which  were  to  China. 


Report  of  H.  Z.  Leonard,    U.  S.  commercial  agent  at  London,  Ontario, 

Canada. 

MAY  2,  1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  produced  in  any  county  in  my  consular  district 
nor  in  Canada. 

I  take  the  following  from  the  Canadian  Statistical  Year-Book, 
1891-92: 

"It  is  evident  from  a  study  of  the  figures  of  importations  of  manu- 
factured and  raw  cotton  that,  considering  how  small  the  export  of  man- 
ufactured cotton  is  from  this  country,  the  figures  indicate  a  large  in- 
crease in  home  consumption,  a  rise  in  the  standard  of  comfort  in  liv- 
ing, and  consequently  a  proportionate  increase  in  and  wider  distribu- 
tion of  wealth."  I  am  unable  to  state  what  proportion  of  the  cottons 
came  from  the  United  States,  but  quote  paragraph  201  as  giving  most 
valuable  information: 

"Of  the  total  amount  of  duty  collected  (in  1891)  $9,114,272  or  38 per 
cent  were  collected  on  goods  from  Great  Britain,  and  $7,734,515,  or  33 
per  cent,  on  goods  from  the  United  States,  the  reason  for  this  being 
that  44  per  cent  of  the  imports  from  the  States  were  free  goods,  princi- 
pally raw  material,  while  only  25  per  cent  of  the  imports  from  Great 
BritaiD  were  on  the  free  list.  The  next  largest  amounts  were  collected 
as  follows:  On  goods  from  the  West  Indies,  $1,337,754;  from  Germany, 
$1,320,583;  from  France.  s932,033,  and  from  Holland,  $741,402." 

From  the  above  I  am  led  to  the  conclusion  that  a  large  per  cent  of 
the  free  goods  from  the  United  States  was  cotton  (i.  e.  raw  cotton). 
I  am  unable,  however,  to  get  any  information  that  would  be  definite 
on  this  point. 

Cotton  thread  is  mostly  imported  from  Great  Britain  in  bulk,  and 
spooled  here.  Cotton  cloth,  (muslin)  gray,  and  bleached,  is  mainly 
bought  from  the  manufacturers  in  Canada  on  the  basis  of  20  cents  per 
pound,  all  grades. 

I  am  unable,  from  any  source  at  my  command,  to  find  out  to  what 
extent,  if  any,  other  fibers  are  used,  the  tendency  of  which  would  be  to 
displace  cotton.  On  the  other  hand.  I  find  that  there  is  an  increased 
use  of  cotton  with  wool  in  the  manufacture  of  domestic  woolen  goods 
which  adds  largely  to  the  use  of  cotton  at  present  in  contrast  to  former 
years. 


60      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Samuel  D.  Pace,  IT.  S.  consul  at  Port  Sarnia,  Canada. 

AUGUST  21,  1893. 

The  speech  of  Mr.  J.  D.  Edgar,  M.  P.,  delivered  in  the  Canadian 
Parliament  on  February  17,  1893,  on  the  "  budget,"  has  reference  to 
the  subject  of  cotton  and  abounds  in  statistical  information  which  I 
have  thought  might  prove  interesting  to  the  Senate  Committee  on 
Agriculture. 

The  arguments  deduced  by  Mr.  Edgar  from  the  figures  presented, 
may  or  may  not  be  conclusive.  The  figures,  however,  which  relate  to 
the  amounts  expended  in  the  production  of  cotton  manufactures  in 
Canada,  the  number  of  spindles  in  use,  the  amount  of  capital  employed, 
the  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry,  and  the  amount  of 
duties  and  wages  paid  as  stated  by  Mr.  Edgar,  were  not  denied  during 
the  debate  in  which  he  was  engaged. 

THE    COTTON   TRADE  OF  CANADA. 

"This  is  probably  the  largest  and  best  grown  of  all  these  infants.  I  think  it  has 
been  the  most  spoilt,  and  is  the  most  saucy,  and  it  certainly  is  the  most  dangerous 
of  them  all.  The  proposals  I  will  make  as  to  that  industry  are  covered  by  the  res- 
olution moved  by  the  honorable  member  for  South  Oxford,  which  calls  for  a  general 
reduction  of  the  customs  duties,  and  I  think  before  I  have  spoken  very  long,  the 
house  Avill  agree  with  me  that  such  a  reduction  is  imperatively  necessary  at  the 
present  time.  I  venture  to  say  those  duties  are  too  high.  They  are  so  high  as  to  be 
most  burdensome  to  the  people,  in  the  first  place.  Then  they  are  so  high  as  to  be 
a  source  of  actual  loss  to  the  revenue.  Then  they  are  so  high  as  to  be  an  obstacle 
to  the  extension  of  trade  with  Great  Britain,  and  finally  they  are  so  high  as  to  afford 
unreasonable  profits  to  insatiable  combines. 

"To  look  at  this  question  fairly  and  fully,  we  should  examine  first  as  to  what  those 
duties  are,  both  as  to  the  rates,  the  percentages  of  the  duties,  and  as  to  the  gross 
amount  of  the  tax.  The  duties  collected  in  1892  upon  imported  cotton  manufac- 
tures amounted  to  $1,114,424,  or  27.9  per  cent  of  the  value,  as  shown  in  the  trade  and 
navigation  returns.  Those  duties  so  collected  varied  from  a  minimum  of  10  per 
cent  ad  valorem  on  prunella  for  boots  and  shoes,  which  is  raw  material  to  a  certain 
extent,  to  a  maximum  duty  of  48  per  cent  on  the  item  of  shirts  of  cotton.  The 
above  duties  are  paid  to  the  revenue  as  duties,  and  are  received  by  the  country; 
but  the  tariff  is  so  arranged  that  on  the  coarser  goods  the  specific  duties  per  yard 
or  per  pound  are  so  heavy  that  they  are  not  paid  at  all  as  duties,  and  the  poor  man 
pays  tin;  higher  tax  on  them  to  the  protected  manufacturer.  That  is,  of  course, 
what  those  high  duties  are  for,  and  the  result  works  beautifully.  One  or  two 
examples  of  the  effect  of  those  specific  duties  in  addition  to  the  ad  valorem  duties 
upon  the  coarser  kinds  of  cotton  goods,  the  goods  used  by  the  poorer  classes,  will 
illustrate  what  I  mean. 

"I  am  not  noing  to  weary  the  House  by  a  long  list,  such  as  I  might  give  it,  but  I 
will  only  take  three  cases.  Cotton  shirting's,  for  instance,  such  as  are  worn  by 
workingnien,  are  taxed  2  cents  per  square  yard  specific  duty,  in  addition  to  15  per 
cent  ad  valorem.  Imported  goods  of  this  kind,  27  inches  in  width,  cost  from  2d.  to 
id.  sterling  per  yard,  averaging  3d.,  which  in  our  country  is  6  cents  per  yard.  This 
would  he  a  lax  of  2.40  cents  per  yard,  or  40  per  cent  on  cotton  shirting.  Woven 
cotton  materials,  such  as  ginghams,  used  for  women's  and  children's  dresses,  aprons, 
etc.,  are  taxed  to  the  same  extent  as  cotton  shirtings,  namely,  2  cents  per  square 
yard  specific  duty  and  L5  per  rent  ad  valorem.  These  cost  from  lid.  to  id.  sterling 
per  yard,  making  the  tax  from  35  per  cent  to  45  per  cent.  One  oilier  item,  and  a  very 
important  one,  of  these  specific  duties,  is  cotton  hosiery.  The  specific  duty  upon 
cotton  hosiery  is  10  cents  per  pound  and  30  per  cent  ad  valorem.  <  >n  cot  ton  hosiery 
costing  2«.  per  dozen  the  tax  would  he.  as  nearly  as  possible,  0.".  per  cent  on  the  value. 
So  much  for  the  duty  paid  first  to  the  Government  and  then  to  the  manufacturer. 

THE   PROTECTIVE   DUTIES. 

"I  have  already  said  that  the  Government  collects  +1,114,424  per  annum;  and  now 
let  us  see  what  is  annually  paid  by  the  consumers  of  this  country  to  the  manu- 
facturers. In  order  to  ascertain  that,  you  must  make  a  calculation  to  find  out 
what  is  the  value  of  the  gross  output"  from  the  mills  in  Canada.    There  are  no 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  61 

statistics  available  to  the  public  which  will  show  that  iu  its  simple  form,  but  there 
are,  however,  several  ways  of  making  the  calculation  which  arc  quite  satisfactory. 
For  instance,  from  trade  and  navigation  returns  we  find  that,  taking  the  year  1882 
ami  comparing  it  with  the  year  1892,  there  was  an  increased  importation  of  raw 
material  for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  in  the  latter  year,  as  compared  with 
the  former,  of  26,000,000  pounds,  which  increased  importation  of  raw  material  caused 
a  decrease  in  the  importation  of  manufactured  goods  to  the  value  of  $7,000,000. 

"  That  means  that  *7. 000,000  worth  of  goods  less  came  into  the  country  by  impor- 
tation, and  were  therefore  manufactured  at  home,  because  we  can  not  assume  that  as 
the  population  increases  we  consume  less.  The  trade  and  navigation  returns  gave 
us  the  total  importation  of  raw  cotton  for  1892  as  46,000,000  pounds,  and  that  will 
show  in  the  same  proportion  that  the  home  manufactures  of  that  year  were  to  the 
value  of  $12,380,000,  because,  if  an  extra  importation  of  26,000,000  pounds,  raw 
material,  showed  an  increase  of  $7,000,000  in  home  manufactures,  then  a  total  impor- 
tation of  46,000,000  pounds  will  give  a  total  home  output  of  $12,380,000  worth. 
That  test  can  be  checked  very  readily  in  another  way.  In  the  report  of  the  Mon- 
treal Cotton  Company,  presented  at  their  meeting  heid  in  Montreal  on  Tuesday  of 
this  week,  they  state  that  their  output  for  the  past  year  was  to  the  value  of 
$1,468,000.  Now,  from  another  return,  I  know  that  this  company  has  54,000  spindles 
in  operation,  and  I  know  that  the  total  spindles  in  Canada  amount  to  520,000.  Tak- 
ing the  cost  of  the  output  of  that  one  mill  of  54,000  spindles  at  id. 408. 000,  therefore 
the  value  of  the  output  of  the  520,000  spindles  in  operation  in  the  mills  of  Canada 
would  be  $14,000,000,  or  considerably  beyond  the  other  estimate  I  have  made. 

'•Mr.  Richabd  Cartwright.  That  is  exclusive  of  importations? 

"Mr.  Edgar.  That  is  the  value  of  the  output  of  all  the  mills  of  Canada,  exclu- 
sive of  importations,  which  amount  to  $4,000,000  in  round  numbers,  so  that  the  total 
consumption  of  cotton  in  Canada  would  be  $18,000,000  worth.  I  heard  my  honor- 
able friend  from  South  Oxford  (Sir  Richard  Cartwright)  the  other  evening  estimate 
the  total  consumption  at  from  $17,000, COO  to  $20,000,000,  so  that  his  estimate  corre- 
sponds with  my  figures.  We  are  now  dealing  with  the  portion  of  that  total  consump- 
tion which  represents  the  output  of  the  mills  in  Canada  at  $14,000,000.  Now,  what 
taxes  are  paid  by  the  people  of  Canada  to  the  Canadian  manufacturers  upon  that 
output f  We  have  seen  that  the  Government  collects  at  the  rate  of  28  per  cent  on 
the  value  of  goods  that  come  in,  and  we  have  seen  that  ditties  which  exclude  many 
of  the  other  goods  range  from  35  per  cent  to  45  per  cent  and  even  65  per  cent.  We 
know  that  in  selling  these  goods  the  manufacturers  are  obliged  to  put  the  prices  at 
the  mills  a  shade  below  the  protective  duty.  They  can  not  take  it  quite  all,  for  if 
they  did  they  would  invite  importation  and  competition;  and  so  they  put  it  just  a 
shade  below  in  order  to  prevent  competition  from  abroad.  I  want  to  be  very  mod- 
erate in  my  estimate;  and  although  I  believe  I  could  really  put  the  rate  of  taxation 
that  is  paid  to  the  manufacturers  at  35  per  cent,  I  shall  only,  for  the  purposes  of  my 
calculations,  place  it  at  exactly  the  same  rate  which  the  Government  receives  on 
the  goods  that  come  into  the  country,  namely,  28  per  cent.  That  percentage  of  duty 
on  $14,000,000  amounts  to  $3,920,000  per  annum. 


Report  of  J.  P.  Eirich,    ('.  8.  consul  at    Antigua,    Leeward   Islands 

West  Indies. 

JUNE  29, 1893. 
COTTON   CULTURE    ON   THE   LEEWARD   ISLANDS. 

1.  The  matter  of  cotton  culture  on  the  Leeward  Islands  of  the  West 
Indies  can  be  disposed  of  in  a  very  few  words.  There  never  was  any 
cotton  grown  here,  there  is  not  now,  and  in  all  probability  there  never 
will  be — that  is  to  say,  to  any  noticeable  extent.  As  long  as  sugar 
remains  king  here  and  the  sugar  cane  will  grow  there  is  no  reason  to 
believe  (  as  the  colonial  secretary  lately  remarked  here)  that  cotton  will 
ever  become  an  article  of  staple  growth  here.  During  our  civil  war  there 
was  a  spasmodic  effort  made  to  grow  the  indispensable  fiber  here,  and 
whilst  cotton  commanded  the  fabulons  prices  which  then  prevailed  for 
a  few  years  it  seemed  as  though  something  would  come  of  the  attempt; 


62       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

but  the  recession  of  the  prices  to  the  former  level,  and  even  below  it, 
at  once  effectually  squelched  it  out  completely. 

2.  There  is  also  no  noticeable  tendency  for  any  other  fibers,  or  of  mix- 
ing them  with  wool  or  cotton,  to  crowd  out  the  latter  or  to  displace  it. 
On  the  contrary,  cotton  goods  are  being  manufactured  in  so  many  dif- 
ferent forms  that  the  tendency  is  very  decidedly  to  the  increase  of  the 
consumption  of  cotton,  at  least  as  far  as  these  Islands  are  concerned. 
There  are  no  cotton  factories  on  the  Leeward  islands  and  no  raw  cot- 
ton is  imported. 


Report  of  Stanislas   Goutier,    U.   S.  consul   at   Cape  Haytien,   Hayti, 

West  Indies.  » 

MAY  20,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  produced  in  this  consular  district. 

During  our  civil  war  considerable  cotton  was  raised  indifferent  parts 
of  Hayti,  because  exceptionally  good  prices  could  be  obtained  for  it  in 
Europe.  Since  peace  has  been  established  in  the  United  States  and 
the  price  of  cotton  has  declined  the  culture  of  this  plant  has  been  neg- 
lected. 

Exported  from  all  Haytien  ports  for  year  ending  September  30,  1892, 
of  raw  cotton,  1,313,440  pounds  (equal  to  2,020  bales  of  500  pounds). 


OUR  TRADE  RELATIONS  WITH  SPANISH  AMERICA. 
Report  of  W.  R.  Estes,  U.  S.  consul  at  Kingston,  Jamaica,  West  Indies. 

JULY  SO,  1890. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  the  experience  in  Spanish 
America  of  a  member  of  a  syndicate  of  Massachusetts  manufacturers 
who  is  now  conducting  a  wholesale  house  in  this  city.  His  experience 
is  of  a  practical  nature.  Having  been  sent  to  the  tropical  countries  to 
see  what  was  necessary  to  increase  the  trade  of  the  syndicate,  his  eyes 
have  been  open  to  all  facts.  These  opinions,  as  given,  must  be  taken 
by  the  Department  as  his,  not  mine. 


[Inclosure  in  Consul  Estes'  report.] 

FACTS  AND   OPINIONS  BY  ONE  OF  THE  MEMUETJS  OF  A  SYNDICATE  OF 
MASSACHUSETTS  MANUFACTU  R  EES. 

In  the  countries  investigated  in  Central  and  South  America  and  the 
West  Indies  the  merchants  kindly  rendered  all  the  assistance  asked  for. 
European  goods  and  invoices  were  examined,  and  the  subject  "What 
hinders!"  was  freely  and  frankly  talked  over.  There  can  not  be  the 
slightest  doubt  Unit'  the  information  thus  obtained  is  truthful  and  safe 
for  a  business  calculation,  because  the  same  facts  were  obtained  in  cities 
100  or  1,000  miles  apart. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  63 

It  can  be  safely  said  that  three-fourths  of  the  manufactured  goods  con- 
sumed iu  southern  countries  have  untaxed  or  indigenous  raw  material 
in  the  United  States.  Chief  amongst  those  most  largely  consumed  in 
the  South  are  articles  of  cotton,  paper,  wood,  hides,  skins,  glass, 
leather,  rubbers,  small  castings  of  iron,  nails,  and  fence  wire.  It  is 
found  that  whatever  goods  adapted  to  Southern  trade  the  United  States 
manufactures,  for  such  the  United  States  is  the  cheapest  source  of 
supply.  Very  few  of  the  goods  of  United  States  manufacture  which 
are  protected  by  our  tariff  arc  wanted  in  tropical  countries  at  any  price. 
These  are  heavy  manufactures  of  wool  in  blankets,  cloths,  felt,  hosiery, 
carpets,  upholstered  furniture,  etc.;  also,  silks  and  millinery  are  limited 
in  sale.  It  was  seen  at  an  early  day  that  our  tariff  neither  helped  nor 
hindered  exporting. 

For  many  years  the  "European  long-credit  system"  has  frightened 
our  manufacturers  from  southern  trade.  This  is  more  apparent  than 
real.  An  equation  of  time  for  unsecured  credits  will  show  the  United 
States  system  of  ninety  days  to  four  months  from  date  of  invoice  to  be 
more  liberal  as  to  time.  The  European  long  credit- system,  when  under- 
stood, would  be  gladly  welcomed  by  every  United  States  manufacturer, 
for  the  home  trade  as  well  as  for  the  southern. 

Business  integrity  and  honor,  as  a  rule,  are  more  valued  in  the  Span- 
ish-American countries  than  in  the  United  States,  or,  rather,  the  loss 
of  it  is  more  difficult  to  regain.  Later-acquired  wealth  does  not  remove 
the  suspicion.  Cases  are  rare  where  insolvwnt  debtors  pay  less  than  50 
Tier  cent,  and  it  costs  less  to  guarantee  all  sales  than  is  usually  allowed 
in  the  United  States. 

Subsidizing  steamship  lines  to  enable  us  to  obtain  a  share  in  this 
commerce  is  premature.  For  several  years  this  island  has  had  at  least 
15  steamers  a  month  from  the  United  States,  at  the  present  time 
25  a  month,  while  at  no  time  have  all  the  steamships  from  Europe 
exceeded  (>  a  month;  yet  manufactured  goods  of  daily  use  by  the 
multitude,  and  which  cau  be  exported  from  the  United  States  at 
good  profits  and  at  less  price  than  from  any  other  country,  have  never 
found  a  market  here  greater  than  12  per  cent  of  corresponding  lines 
from  Europe,  yet  this  island  has  all  the  time  been  well  "drummed"  by 
United  States  traveling  men. 

The  same  state  of  things  prevails  in  Central  America  and  the  coun- 
tries on  the  Spanish  main,  where  there  is  double  the  steamship  con- 
nection with  the  United  States  that  there  is  with  all  the  countries  of 
Europe  combined:  the  commerce  is  nearly  all  from  the  south  to  the 
north.  Aside  from  produce  aud  kerosene,  which  they  can  not  get  else- 
where, it  is  doubtful  if  the  products  of  our  factories,  foundries,  and 
workshops  amount  to  4  per  cent  of  the  total  importations  of  these  coun- 
tries. 

South  of  the  Orinoco,  on  the  east  and  west  side  of  the  continent, 
there  is  ;i  great  and  valuable  commerce,  with  infrequent  communica- 
tions as  far  as  Kio  de  Janeiro,  where  it  ceases.  Beyond  there  the  way 
to  Buenos  Ayres  and  the  Rio  de  la  Plata  is  by  way  of  England,  unless 
by  transshipment  at  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

But  if  every  point  of  importance  in  the  South  was  in  weekly  commu- 
nication with  the  United  States,  and  manufactured  goods  carried  free 
of  freight  and  invoiced  10  per  cent  less  than  corresponding  European 
goods,  there  would  then  be  few,  if  any,  more  purchases  than  now,  or 
as  long  as  the  present  imperfect  knowledge  of  exporting  exists  in  the 
United  States.  In  Central  America  and  several  other  countries  duties 
on  manufactured  goods  are  by  gross  weight,  the  box,  barrel,  or  case, 


64       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

and  contents  alike  subject  to  duty  ranging  from  20  cents  to  $1.50  per 
pound.  Native  merchants  who  had  been  beguiled  into  giving  orders 
to  United  States  business  houses  showed  the  heavy  clumsy  boxes  in 
which  the  goods  came.  Duty  on  them  was  50  cents  a  pound.  The 
unnecessary  weight  of  the  box  added  22  per  cent  unnecessary  cost  to 
the  contents.  Goods  are  packed  up  without  any  consideration  ol  the 
internal  means  of  transport.  Packages  of  500  pounds  weight  are  made 
up,  where  the  only  means  of  transportation  is  by  panniers  on  mules. 
Because  Europeans  are  well  informed  how  to  pack,  Southern  merchants 
suppose  the  American  solicitor  for  his  business  is  also.  The  American 
shipper,  not  having  instructions,  ships  as  he  would  to  Chicago  or  St. 
Louis.  All  over  the  South  one  hears  complaints  against  American  ways 
of  forwarding. 

In  Guatemala,  or  in  Ecuador  one  is  equally  sure  to  hear,  "Yes,  your 
prices  are  low;  but  no  one  can  tell  what  United  States  goods  will  cost 
until  they  are  on  the  shelves." 

One  of  the  most  essential  rules  to  be  observed  in  exporting  is  this: 
By  the  invoice  the  packages  named  thereon  can  be  selected  and  identi- 
fied from  hundreds  of  others  in  the  cargo  addressed  to  the  same  party, 
and  by  the  marks  on  their  packages  their  invoices  can  be  identified 
from  many  others  held  by  the  same  party.  For  custom-house  work 
this  is  an  absolute  necessity.  The  general  non-observance  of  tins  causes 
more  bitterness  and  prejudice  against  United  States  goods  than  could 
be  offset  by  20  per  cent  less  price.  The  disappointment  to  the  buyer, 
and  the  discouragement  to  the  seller  at  losses  caused  by  his  negli- 
gence or  ignorance  of  what  to  do  causes  one  party  to  say  they  "never 
want  to  see  another  package  of  United  States  goods,"  and  the  other 
party  declares  "the  game  is  not  worth  the  candle." 

It  is  true  that  we  have  business  houses  who  thoroughly  understand 
exporting  manufactured  goods;  possibly  their  aggregate  sales  may 
amount  to  $12,000,000,  but  we  see  that  their  business  does  not  increase. 
Twenty-five  years  ago  we  exported  as  much  southwards.  Twelve  mil- 
lions of  manufactures  in  an  import  of  $500,000,000  is  a  small  business. 

The  export  of  farm  products  is  a  simple  matter.  Duty  on  hour  is  $2 
a  barrel,  regardless  of  quality  or  price;  it  is  more  or  less  iu  other  coun- 
tries. A  10-gallon  case  of  kerosene  is  the  same.  All  such  things, 
when  in  packages  of  standard  size,  are  neither  valued,  weighed,  or 
measured,  and  may  pass  at  the  customhouse  without  invoices. 

The  foreign  trade  of  the  West  Indies  and  of  the  continent  south  of 
Mexico  is  greater  than  the  foreign  trade  of  Mexico,  Canada,  and  the 
United  States  combined.  Astounding  as  this  may  appear,  it  is  easily 
seen  in  the  tact  that  the  south  has  no  manufactures  worth  naming,  but 
has  everything  to  buy  and  all  its  products  to  sell.  Yet  this  vast  com- 
merce is  glowing  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent  each  decade. 

We  smile  at  the  European  tourist's  ignorance  of  the  United  States, 
and  at  his  disappointment  that  Indians  are  not  to  be  found  within  100 
miles  of  New  York,  whilst  we  show  a.  greater  ignorance  of  our  sister 
republics  south  of  us,  and  say,  "there  is  no  trade  worthy  of  considera- 
tion; the  southern  countries  are  not  half  civilized." 

It  is  tine  Unit  the  average  condition  of  all  is  only  about  one-fourth  of 
the  average  condition  of  all  in  the  United  states,  but  this  shows  us 
the  possibilities  of  a  greater  development.  Already  their  commerce 
greatly  exceeds  our  own,  and  they  have  "caught  on"  to  the  ideas  of  a 
high  civilization.  Citiesof  L0,000  or  L00,000 or 500,000 population  have 
their  electric  lights,  street  railways,  and  water  works. 

Any  one  traveling  in  the  south  can  not  help  noticing  the  entire 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  65 

absence  of  ways  and  means  for  its  best  development.  For  three  hun- 
dred years  the  old  and  long-settled  countries  of  Europe  controlled  its 
supplies  and  furnished  only  the  things  they  had  to  export.  Hundreds 
of  kinds  of  implements  of  common  use  in  the  United  States  and  indis- 
pensable in  dealing  with  a  new  continent  are  unknown  in  the  south  as 
well  as  Europe,  whilst  the  development  of  the  new  countries  of  the 
south  must  be  on  similar  lines  with  our  own. 

The  splendid  opportunities  for  trade  in  the  south  and  the  better 
adaptation  of  United  States  goods  to  these  markets  would  have  long-  ago 
brought  the  enterprising  houses  of  each  section  into  business  contact 
if  only  the  hindrances  before  named  were  all.  All  our  efforts  for 
obtaining  southern  trade  have  been  in  trying  to  do  the  business  on  the 
conditions  of  our  own  internal  trade.  Whatever  little  success  we 
have  had,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  shows  the  trade  to  be  undesirable. 
There  are  potent  reasons  which  render  it  impossible  for  us  to  do  a  large 
business.  Our  weakness  in  this  respect  becomes  a  source  of  strength 
if  we  adopt  other  conditions.  By  so  doing  the  business  can  be  done 
at  much  less  expense  than  by  the  old  methods,  and  the  old  causes  of 
annoyance  to  buyer  and  seller  can  not  any  longer  exist. 

The  views  now  expressed  are  the  result  of  many  conversations  with 
merchants  widely  separated  and  the  result  of  careful  study  of  this 
subject  in  the  south,  and  are  confirmed  by  a  couple  of  years'  personal 
experience  in  this  trade. 


Report  of  David  N.  Burlce,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Bahia,  Brazil. 

AUGUST  27,  1890. 
COTTON  MILLS. 

The  principal  industry  in  the  State  is  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
goods,  mainly  of  a  coarse  texture,  used  only  by  the  lower  classes. 
Sacking  is  also  manufactured,  and  there  is  in  process  of  construction  a 
jute  mill.  There  are  in  the  State  ten  cotton  mills,  all  of  which  have 
orders  to  fill  at  all  times.  The  chief  one  of  these  cotton  mills  is  but  a 
short  distance  from  this  city,  at  Itapigipe,  built  in  1885,  and  now  con- 
trolled by  a  Brazilian  company,  though  put  up  by  an  English  company. 
The  cotton  used  by  this  null,  called  the  Plataforma  Mill,  is  brought 
from  Maceio  and  Paryiba,  states  lying  to  the  north  of  Bahia.  From 
45,000  to  55,000  pounds  of  cotton  per  month  are  used  by  this  mill.  The 
cotton  costs  about  8i  ceuts  per  pound.  There  are  7,000  spindles  in 
operation  and  some  375  hands  employed.  There  are  manufactured  in 
this  mill,  besides  the  coarse  material  manufactured  in  the  other  9 
mills,  calicoes,  fine  cloths,  stripes  and  checks,  blue  drills,  damasks, 
napkins,  bedcovers,  towels,  and  hose.  It  is  designed  to  put  up  works 
for  prints  in  a  short  time.  All  the  articles  of  manufacture  are  sold  in 
the  State.  In  fact,  nearly  all  the  goods  are  made  to  order,  with  the 
mark  and  name  of  merchant  upon  the  goods.  The  width  of  the  cotton 
goods  preferred  by  the  people  of  the  interior  is  26  inches,  and  it  is  accord- 
ingly manufactured  as  parties  purchasing  prefer.  Fine  cloths  are  made 
from  24  to  32  inches  in  width,  though  they  can  be  made 30  inches  wide; 
leugth  of  longest  piece,  38  yards;  amount  manufactured,  about  10,000 
yards  per  week;  hours  of  labor  per  day,  ten;  wages  of  overseers,  from 
$1.35  to  $2.70  per  day;  wages  of  others,  from  55  cents  to  $1.10  per  day; 
cost  of  living  for  the  native  employes,  from  28  to  55  cents  per  day: 
COT — vol  2 5 


6G 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


average  cost,  perhaps  40  cents.  Houses  for  employes  are  owned  chiefly 
by  the  company,  each  house  renting-  for  from  $3  to  $11  per  month. 
Though  the  houses  are  small,  the  employes,  who  are  mostly  negroes  and 
of  a  mixed  character,  occupy  but  little  space  evidently,  since  as  many 
as  32  persons  have  occupied  one  room  at  the  same  time,  as  I  am  informed. 
In  the  case  of  sickness  of  employes,  the  company's  physician  attends, 
gives  advice  and  medicine,  for  which  4  per  cent  of  the  wages  of  the 
person  so  attended  is  deducted.  The  coal  used  is  brought  from  Eng- 
land at  a  cost  of  about  $12  per  ton. 

Of  the  other  G  factories  in  this  city,  the  San  Salvador  is  perhaps  the 
largest,  having  some  85  looms  and  about  175  operatives,  while  the 
goods  made  are  in  general  of  a  coarse  quality.  There  are  2  mills  in 
Valenga,  a  small  city  about  40  miles  from  this  place,  called  the  Amparo 
and  the  Todos  os  Santos,  the  former  having  about  175  looms  and 
employing  300  hands,  the  latter  with  about  70  looms  and  from  140  to 
100  operatives.  There  is  another  at  Cachoeira  with  115  looms  and 
some  200  hands. 


Report  of  E.  L.  Baker,  U.  IS.  Consul  at  Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine  Republic. 

FEBRUARY  11,  1893. 
VEGETABLE    FIBERS. 

Jute  (Corchorus  capsularis)  is  not  cultivated  in  this  country;  not, 
however,  as  I  believe,  for  the  reason  that  there  are  not  many  portions 
of  the  Argentine  Republic  where  it  could  be  grown  to  advantage,  but 
because  in  a  new  country  like  this  there  is  not  the  enterprise  or  manual 
labor  to  cultivate  it.  '  All  the  jute  used  in  manufactures  here,  or  at 
least  a  very  large  proportion  of  it,  is  imported  from  abroad.  The 
imports,  raw  and  manufactured,  for  the  last  two  years  and  nine  months 
for  which  we  have  custom-house  returns  were  as  follows: 


Description. 

1890. 

1891. 

Nine 

months  of 

1892. 

Kilograms* 

046,  364 
178, 452 

Kilograms. 
185,  418 

372,  967 

Kilograms. 

204, 338 

111,611 

*The  kilogram  is  2J  pounds. 

While,  however,  there  is  no  jute  of  theabove  variety  produced  in  this 
country',  there  grow  spontaneously  in  various  parts  of  the  interior 
numerous  varieties  of  plants  which  produce  a  very  superior  fiber.  To 
some  extent  these  have  been  and  are  used,  not  only  for  cordage  and 
rope,  but  for  bagging  and  other  more  delicate  textile  fabrics.  The 
most  common  <>!'  these  are  the  following: 

Agave  (Agave  Americana — Ama/ryllidacece),  called  here  "pita."  It  is 
the  same  plant  as  that  so  well  and  so  favorably  known  in  Mexico,  and 
it  has  all  the  same  qualities  and  characteristics. 

Caraguato  (Caraguato  guyanenses — Bromeliacrcs).  The,  usual  name 
for  this  plant  here  is  "chaguar."  It  was  employed  by  the  Indians 
before  the  Spanish  conquest,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Argentine  people 
of  fche  interior  in  a  primitive  domestic  way  ever  since,  it  grows  with 
especial  luxuriance  in  the  Gran  Chaco,  and  in  one  i>art  there  is  a  natural 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  67 

growth  of  it  of  upward  of  100  square  leagues  in  extent.  The  Indians 
produce  from  it  a  thread  with  which  they  make  their  fishing  nets,  and 
also  the  few  garments  which  cover  their  bodies,  generally  dyed  in  vari- 
ous attractive  colors.  The  Argentine  women  of  the  upper  provinces,  with 
their  hand  looms,  also  make  various  fabrics,  some  of  them  of  most  excel- 
lent quality.  In  former  years  there  was  talk  about  exporting  this  fiber, 
but  the  difficulty  was  in  exploiting  it  and  preparing  it  for  market  in  suffi- 
cient quantities,  owing  to  want  of  laborers,  and,  in  the  second  place,  it 
was  found  that  the  roads  between  the  frontiers  and  the  Parana  or 
Paraguay  rivers  were  so  infrequent  and  so  bad  that  the  cost  of  trans- 
portation would  absorb  all  the  prospective  profit.  Mr.  Nap,  in  his  work 
on  the  Argentine  Republic,  says:  "The  fiber  of  the  'chaguar'  will 
compete  with  the  hemp  of  Manila,  which  is  said  to  be  less  uniform  and 
durable." 

Cdnamo  (Cannabis  sativa — Gannabim'as).  In  some  of  the  upper  prov- 
inces hemp  to  some  extent  has  been  cultivated  for  many  years  for  its 
tiber.  It  grows,  however,  almost  spontaneously;  and,  though  the  soil 
of  this  country  gives  it  an  excellent  fiber,  there  is  not  yet  sufficient 
enterprise  to  do  much  with  it. 

IAnum  {IAnum  usitalissimv/m).  This  is  grown  here  in  great  quanti- 
ties, especially  in  the  provinces  of  Buenos  Ayres  and  Santa  Fe;  but 
heretofore  it  has  been  produced  more  for  the  seed  than  the  fiber.  The 
exports  of  linseed  in  1890  were  30,720,636  kilograms;  in  1891, 12,233,303 
kilograms;  and  for  nine  months  of  1892  it  11,100,103  kilograms.  From 
these  figures  it  will  be  seen  that  the  amount  of  fiber  left  for  home  con- 
sumption must  have  been  very  considerable. 

Besides  these  there  are  numerous  plants,  especially  in  the  Gran 
Chaco,  known  here  only  by  the  Indian  or  Guaraui  *naines,  which  pro- 
duce fiber  of  more  or  less  excellency.  One  of  these  is  the  "eaza- 
guata."7  a  species  of  aloe,  which  grows  spontaneously,  not  only  in  the 
Gran  Chaco,  but  in  Paraguay.  A  few  years  ago  Messrs.  Samuel  B. 
Hale  &  Co.,  American  merchants  of  Buenos  Ayres,  who  own  an  exten- 
sive tract  of  land  a  few  leagues  above  Asuncion  on  which  this  plant 
grows  very  rank,  undertook  the  production  of  fiber,  not  only  for  rope 
and  cordage,  but  also  for  woven  goods.  The  tests  which  were  made 
by  experts  from  the  United  States  were  most  satisfactory,  the  fiber,  as 
they  reported,  being  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  produced  in  the 
world;  but  the  field  of  operations  was  so  inaccessible  and  so  remote 
from  market  that  the  industry  was  finally  given  up.  There  is,  how- 
ever, believed  to  be  a  field  for  this  fiber  fully  equal  to  the  one  whicli 
manila  enjoys. 

One  great  drawback  to  the  production  of  native  fiber  is  the  lack  of 
proper  machinery  and  the  want  of  enterprise  sufficient  to  procure  it. 
There  is  one  establishment  which  has  been  trying  to  do  some  business 
in  this  line  located  in  San  Fernando,  but  it  is  too  remote  from  the  place 
Avhere  the  textile  plants  are  grown  to  succeed  very  greatly. 

In  this  city  there  are  three  establishments  where  jute  bagging  is 
manufactured,  the  first  consuming  raw  material  valued  at  $150,000 
and  the  second  raw  material  valued  at  $600,000  per  annum — all  imported 
from  abroad.     I  have  no  returns  in  regard  to  the  third  establishment. 

For  several  years  experiments  have  been  made  in  this  city  with  the 
ramie  plant,  and  they  have  been  so  satisfactory  that  a  company  has 
been  formed  here  to  grow  the  plant  in  large  quantities  in  the  southern 
portion  of  the  Gran  Chaco.  The  success  of  the  enterprise  will  be 
watched  with  some  interest. 


68       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Frank  D.  Hill,  TJ.  S.  Consul  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

AUGUST  20,  1890. 
COTTON  IN   URUGUAY   AND   PARAGUAY. 

I  can  furnish  no  data  concerning  the  cotton  industry.  It  has  no  past 
or  present,  and  nobody  predicts  for  it  a  future  in  Uruguay.  It  does 
not  appear  in  the  list  of  exports.  If  it  shall  subsequently  appear,  after 
trial  and  experiment,  that  it  can  be  successfully  grown  here,  such 
investigation  will  be  in  the  nature  of  a  discovery.  Eeasoning  a 'priori, 
there  is,  perhaps,  no  reason  why  it  should  not  thrive  in  this  latitude 
and  in  this  soil,  but  as  yet  its  culture  has  not  been  attempted.  It  is 
not  even  grown  for  domestic  use,  as  in  Paraguay.  At  any  rate,  the 
country's  greater  relative  advantage  in  the  production  of  wool,  hides, 
hair,  and  cereals  will  prevent  for  the  present  any  great  effort  to  grow 
cotton  on  a  soil  on  which  its  success  is  very  problematical,  to  say  the 
least. 

With  Paraguay,  however,  the  case  is  quite  different.  In  her  light, 
fertile,  red  soil  the  cotton  plant  grows  spontaneously,  and  I  have  the 
opinion  of  men  who,  on  account  of  long  experience  as  planters  in  our 
Southern  States,  ought  to  know  whereof  they  speak,  that  the  cotton  of 
Paraguay  compares  favorably  with  the  lowland,  sea-island  cotton  of 
the  Caroiinas,  its  long,  silky  fiber  closely  resembling  that  of  this  cele- 
brated variety.  Three  varieties  are  cultivated  in  Paraguay — the  Gos- 
sypium  herbaceum,  the  Gossypium  ritifolium,  and  the  Gossypium  arbo- 
reum.  There  is  another  variety  still  that  gives  a  brownish  silk,  which 
is  directly  employe*!  in  weaving  and  in  making  the  poncho;  it  is  called 
the  Guarani  nandypta  (red  cotton).  In  all  these  varieties  the  threads 
are  more  or  less  white,  «nd  belong  to  the  class  of  very  long  wool.  l)u 
Graty,  writing  in  1860,  said  that  the  cotton  of  Paraguay  is  a  splendid 
product,  and  that  the  very  long  and  fine  fiber  resembles  the  cotton  of 
Brazil  of  the  best  quality.  At  this  moment  its  cultivation  has  fallen 
to  a  pitiable  figure?  According  to  the  statistics  of  1886  there  were  but 
loi  hectares*  of  cotton  against  10,000  hectares  in  1863.  The  great  dis- 
crepancy is  due  to  the  fact  that  before  the  war  the  country  was  com- 
pelled to  produce  sufficient  for  its  own  consumption,  while  to-day,  with 
open  ports  and  vastly  better  means  of  communication,  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  foreign  manufactured  article  has  killed  the  home  industry. 
To  immigration  is  reserved  the  task  of  restoring  cotton  to  its  proper 
place  at  home,  and,  if  practicable,  to  make  it  a  leading  article  of  export. 


Report  of  John  T.  Abbott,  TJ.  8.  Minister  to  Colombia,  South  America. 

APRIL   3,  1891. 
PHYSICAL  FEATURES. 

The  territory  of  the  Republic  of  Colombia  comprises  the  northwest 
corner  of  South  America.  It  is  bounded  upon  the  north  by  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  on  the  east  by  Venezuela  and  Brazil,  on  the  South  by  Ecua- 
dor, and  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  Oosta  Rica,  Its  shape 
is  irregular,  the  northern  peninsula  reaching  12°  25'  north  latitude,  its 

#The  hectare  is  about  2±  acres. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  69 

east  and  west  extension  being-  between  70°  40'  and  82°  40'  west  longi- 
tude, while  its  southern  limit  is  nearly  coincident  with  the  equator. 

Jt  is  said  to  contain  about  600,000  square  miles,  an  area  equal  to  that 
of  Now  England,  New  York.  New  Jersey.  Pennsylvania,  Delaware, 
.Maryland.  Ohio.  Indiana.  West  Virginia,  Virginia,  Kentucky  Tennes- 
see, North  Carolina,  and  Georgia.  The  extreme  length  from  north  to 
south  is  about  900  miles,  and  its  extreme  breadth  from  northwest 
to  southeast  approaches  1,200  miles.  Its  average  length  is,  more 
or  less,  700  miles,  and  breadth  500  miles.  Its  southeastern  halt*  con- 
sists of  vast  plains,  whose  numerous  rivers,  rising  in  the  Cordilleras  at 
the  west,  discharge  their  waters  into  the  Atlantic  through  the  mouths 
of  the  Amazon  and  Orinoco.  These  plains,  hot  and  insalubrious,  are 
sparsely  peopled  by  the  aborigines  of  the  Republic,  who  there,  as  well 
as  in  certain  other  portions  of  the  country,  exist  as  untutored  as  their 
ancestors,  unrestrained  by  law.  untouched  by  the  hand  of  civilization, 
a  standing  menace  to  the  curious  traveler  or  the  adventurous  hunter; 
still,  these  plains  are  among  the  richest  and  most  valuable  possessions 
of  Colombia.  Their  fertile  lands  are  susceptible  of  cultivation,  and 
their  products  could  find  an  easy  market  by  a  narrow-gauge  railroad 
to  the  Magdalena  River,  the  construction  of  which  is  not  an  impossible 
or  an  improbable  thing. 


MANUFACTURES. 

If  we  except  the  few  cloths  which  are  made  in  the  departments  of 
Boyaca  and  Santander  and  the  very  few  woven  by  the  Indians  of  L'asto, 
upon  the  boundaries  of  Ecuador,  the  straw  mats  fabricated  in  Magda- 
lena  and  Bolivar,  and  the  hats  made  in  certain  sections  of  Tolima, 
Antioquia,  and  Santander,  we  may  affirm  in  a  general  way  that  there 
are  no  manufacturing  industries  in  Colombia.  Such  cloths  as  are 
woven  are  the  result  of  the  same  methods  as  were  employed  a  century 
ago.  So  small  is  this  industry  that  even  the  inhabitants  of  the  remotest 
villages  are  ordinarily  compelled  to  wear  cloths  of  foreign  manufacture, 
only  14  per  cent  of  which  come  from  our  own  country. 

Climatic  conditions  have  much  to  do  with  this  lamentable  situation. 
In  many  sections  of  the  Republic  these  conditions  are  such  as  to  pre- 
vent the  descendants  of  the  Spaniards  from  occupying  the  land, 
thereby  leaving  everything  to  the  progeny  of  the  former  African 
slaves,  who.  by  reason  of  the  same  conditions,  never  advance  much 
beyond  such  labor  as  will  enable  them  to  gain  a  bare  subsistence.  To 
such  sections  the  Caucasian  has  rarely  immigrated.  But  in  these 
extensive  regions  exists  a  possible  source  of  great  wealth,  and  there  is 
no  doubt  whatever  that  temperate  and  sensible  men,  possessed  of  some 
capital,  could  not  only  live  in  excellent  health,  but  could  also  obtain  a 
most  satisfactory  return  from  the  cultivation  of  the  soil.  In  addition 
to  this,  the  larger  portion  of  the  cultivated  population  lives  high  in 
the  mountains  and,  therefore,  distant  from  the  seacoast.  This  distance 
inevitably  develops  a  certain  provincialism  and  lack  of  interest  in  the 
outside  world  and  in  internal  progress.  The  result  is  that  manufac- 
tures do  not  and  can  not  nourish  until  Colombia  has  such  improved 
methods  of  communication  with  other  nations  as  will  bring  her  people 
in  free  and  frequent  intercourse  with  the  general  progressive  instincts 
and  Gaslwvo'.s  of  the  times. 

•  ***##* 


70 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


COTTON. 

The  country  is  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  and,  to  a  certain 
extent,  it  is  even  now  grown;  but  the  native  fiber  is  short  and  unsatis- 
factory and  the  exportation  inconsiderable.  However,  it  can  not  be 
doubted  that  long-fiber  cotton  would  flourish  in  numerous  sections, 
and  might  easily  be  made  a  great  source  of  revenue. 

IMPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Of  textile  fabrics  we  import  here  (from  the  United  States)  but  few — 
not  2  per  cent.  It  is  not  impossible  that  we  might,  by  the  manufacture 
of  an  inferior  quality  of  goods,  compete  with  England,  notwithstand- 
ing the  present  Colombian  tariff  rates.  But  if  we  could  secure  a  rea- 
sonable concession  as  to  these  dues,  it  can  hardly  be  doubted  that  we 
could  give  the  Colombians  better  articles  than  they  now  buy  for  the 
same  or  less  prices.  Of  course  much  will  depend  upon  the  compliance 
by  our  manufacturers  and  sellers  with  the  trade  conditions  existing  here. 


Report  of  0.  H.  DocJcery,  JJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Rio  de  Janeiro^  Brazil 

SEPTEMBER  52,  1890. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  estimated  area  of  each  of  the 
States  into  which  Brazil  is  divided : 


States. 


Aroazonas 

Hatto-Grosso 

Pari 

Goyaz  

Minas-Geraes 

Maranhao 

Bahia 

Pianhv 

Sao  Paulo 

Kio  Grande  do  Sul 

Parana 

Pernambuco 


Area. 


Sq.  miles. 

720,  000 

530, 000 

435. 000 

285.  000 

220,  000 

180,  000 

170,  000 

120,  000 

105,  000 

90,  000 

85,  000 

50, 000 


States. 


Ceara 

Santa  Catharina 

Parahyba 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Alagoas 

Kio  Grande  «1  < >  Nor! 

Espirito  Santo 

Sergipe 

Federal  district 

Total 


Area. 


Sq. 


miles. 
40,  000 
28,  000 
28,000 
•-'V.oiiii 
22,  000 
21,000 
10,  000 
15,  000 
500 


3, 166,  500 


COTTON  CULTURE  AND  MANUFACTURE. 


Brazil  possesses  vast  tracts  of  land  admirably  adapted  to  the  culture 
of  cotton.  There  is  no  part  of  the  country  in  which  this  product  can 
not  be  grown.  At  present  Pernambuco  and  Maranhao  ocenpy  the  first 
rank  as  cotton-growing  Si  ales,  while  in  the  second  rank  may  be  classi- 
fied those  of  Sao  Paulo,  Bahia,  Sergipe,  Alagoas,  Parahyba,  Piauhy, 
I!i<»  Grande  do  Norte,  and  Ceara. 

In  L860  the  exportation  of  cotton  from  Brazil  amounted  to  about  12,000 
tons,  and,  as  at  that  time  there  were  few  factories  ill  the  country,  the 
bulk  of  the  crop  was  exported.  The  high  prices  caused  by  the  war  in 
the  United  States  gave  a  vigorous  impulse  to  production,  and  between 
18G4  and  1800  the  annual  exportation  averaged  40,000  tons.     In  Sao 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  71 

Paulo,  especially,  the  progress  in  production  was  wonderful.  In  a  few 
years  the  crop  increased  from  less  than  LOO  tons  to  over  15,000  tons. 
Between  the  years  L869  and  1871  the  progress  continued,  the  exporta- 
tion averaging  at  that  time 54,000  tons  per  annum.  Beceutly  the  pro- 
duction has  greatly  diminished,  only  L8,246  tons  being  exported  in  the 
fiscal  year  L884-'85.  In  Sao  Paulo,  where  there  are  excellent  cotton 
lands,  the  crop  last  year  was  insufficient  to  supply  the  local  demand. 
The  decrease  in  production  was  due  to  the  decline  in  prices  and  to  the 
difficulty  in  obtaining  laborers.  To  counteract  these  causes,  efforts 
were  made  to  secure  the  removal  of  the  export  duty.  As  these  efforts 
were  not  successful,  many  person  who  had  engaged  in  the  culture  of 
cotton  have  abandoned  it. 

Did  the  future  of  this  industry  depend  only  upon  the  fertility  and 
suitabilily  of  the  soil  in  Brazil,  it  would  assuredly  be  a  great  one.  In 
default  of  positive  data,  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  state  precisely  the 
average  yield  per  acre;  but  I  feel  warranted  in  saying  that  it  is  not 
inferior  to  the  average  in  the  United  States  and  that,  were  the  lands 
as  well  cultivated,  it  would  be  much  larger.  A  yield  of  1,500  pounds 
of  seed  cotton,  or  500  pounds  of  lint  cotton,  is  by  no  means  uncommon, 
and  I  have  heard  of  as  much  as  3,200  pounds  of  seed  cotton  being 
gathered  from  an  acre. 

The  growth  of  the  cotton  industry  in  Brazil  seems  at  present  to 
depend  on  immigration,  improved  methods  of  culture,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  cotton  factories.  There  are  now  probably  over  a  hundred 
of  the  later  in  Brazil,  and  the  number  is  gradually  increasing.  About 
$5,000,000  of  new  capital  were  invested  last  year  in  this  business  in 
Bio  de  Janerio. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  receipts  of  cotton  in  this  market 
for  the  three  years  ending  December  31,  1889: 

Tons. 

1887 4,118 

18X8 5, 599 

1889 5,850 

All  of  this  cotton  is  consumed  by  the  factories.  The  total  home  con- 
sumption is  probably  about  15,000  tons.  If  this  estimate  be  correct, 
the  average  crop  is  about  35,000  tons,  equal  to  175,000  bales  of  440 
pounds  each.  The  territory  required  for  producing  this  crop  probably 
does  not  exceed  400,000  acres. 

As  to  the  acreage  suitable  for  growing  cotton,  it  is  almost  unlimited. 
I  suppose  that  at  least  one-tenth  of  the  whole  area  of  Brazil,  or  over 
300,000  square  miles,  could,  under  favorable  circumstances,  be  advan- 
tageously devoted  to  the  culture  of  cotton.  At  an  average  of  only 
100  pounds  per  acre  this  territory  would  produce  over  40,000,000  bales 
of  cotton. 

Notwithstanding  the  steady  and  healthy  growth  of  the  cotton  man- 
ufacturing industry  in  Brazil,  the  importation  of  foreign  cotton  goods 
continues  to  increase,  forming,  as  it  has  always  done,  one  of  the  most 
important  blanches  of  I  rade  in  this  country.  The  official  value  of  these 
goods  imported  in  1888  at  this  port  was  814,400,000.  As  the  official 
valuation  is  high,  the  real  value  of  these  goods  was  probably  somewhat 
less.  The  greater  part  of  the  cotton  goods  imported  into  Brazil  comes 
from  England,  and  to  that  country  is  shipped  the  bulk  of  the  cotton 
exported. 

In  general,  neither  the  present  nor  the  future  cotton  districts  of 
Brazil  are  well  supplied  with  railways.  The  total  length  of  the  rail- 
roads in  Brazil  does  not  exceed  0.500  miles,  of  which  about  two-thirds 
are  in  the  three  states  of  Bio  de  J  aneiro,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Minas-Gerajs. 


72      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 
TOPOGRAPHY,  CLIMATE,  AND  SOIL. 

Brazil  is,  in  general  mountainous,  though  it  possesses  vast  plaius  and 
extensive  valleys. 

The  most  important  mountain  range  is  the  Central  or  Mautiqueira, 
which  extends  from  the  banks  of  the  river  Sao  Francisco  to  the  Can- 
tareira  range,  near  the  city  of  Sao  Paulo.  The  highest  mountain  in 
this  range  is  the  I  tat  i  ay  a,  whose  summit  is  about  10,000  feet  above  the 
Level  of  the  sea. 

The  eastern  or  coast  range  extends  from  the  sixth  to  the  thirtieth 
degree  of  south  latitude. 

The  western  or  water  shed  range  is  longer  than  either  of  the  other 
two,  but  not  so  high.  It  extends  from  Piauhy  and  Ceara  to  Matto- 
Grosso,  where  it  throws  out  two  spurs,  one  to  the  west  and  the  other 
to  the  south,  the  former  extending  to  Bolivia  and  the  latter  to  Para- 
guay. This  chain  separates  the  head  waters  of  the  tributaries  of  the 
Amazon  and  Tocantins  from  those  of  the  Sao  Francisco  and  Plate. 

In  the  extreme  north  are  the  Tumucuraque  or  Paracayma  Mountains, 
but  of  these  only  a  small  part  is  in  Brazilian  territory.  There  are 
numerous  subordinate  ranges. 

The  mean  temperature  in  the  country  between  Bio  de  Janeiro  and 
the  Amazon  is  20°  C.  above  zero;  that  of  the  valley  of  the  Amazon  is 
27°.  In  no  part  of  Brazil  is  it  hardly  ever  higher  than  30°,  and  even 
that  is  exceptional.  On  the  prairies  of  Bio  Grande  do  Sul  the  lowest 
temperature  that  has  ever  been  noted  is  3°  C.  below  the  freezing  point. 
On  the  Itatiaya  Mountain,  which,  as  before  stated,  is  10,000  feet  high, 
the  temperature  was  on  one  occasion  in  1858  and  again  in  1850  as  low 
as  6°  C  below  the  freezing  point.  It  is  stated  that  an  elevation  of 
700  feet  makes  a  difference  of  a  little  over  1°  O.  in  the  temperature. 

On  the  coast  of  Brazil  southeast  and  northeast  winds  usually  prevail, 
the  former  from  April  to  August,  the  latter  from  September  to  March. 
In  the  valley  of  the  Amazon  easterly  winds  penetrate  the  interior  of 
the  country  to  the  distance  of  2,000  miles,  and  between  July  and 
November  sailing  vessels  ascend  the  river  as  far  as  Manaos,  which  is 
1,200  miles  from  the  coast.  In  the  interior  southerly  winds  usually 
prevail  in  winter  and  northerly  winds  in  summer. 

The  rainy  season  begins  at  anytime  from  November  to  January,  and 
usually  terminates  in  May  or  June;  but  in  localities  in  which  the  soil 
has  been  denuded  of  the  dense  forests  which  originally  covered,  it  the 
seasons  have  been  very  irregular.  In  general  the  rains  fall  in  soft, 
copious,  and  steady  showers,  sometimes  lasting  for  several  days  or  even 
weeks.  In  the  State  of  Para,  on  the  seacoast,  it  is  said  to  rain  regu- 
larly almost  every  day  about  4  p.  m.  Sometimes  there  are  violent 
storms  that  greatly  damage  the  crops.  On  the  coast  lands  of  southern 
Brazil  cotton  does  not  mature  well  on  account  of  excessive  moisture, 
in  the  country  between  the  Amazon  and  Parnahiba  rivers  rains  are 
abundant.  Then  follows  a  vast  territory,  extending  to  the  Sao  Fran- 
cisco River,  subject  to  long  droughts.  These  are  most  intense  in  the 
State  of  (Vara  and  the  territory  immediately  adjoining  it.  South  of 
the  Sao   Francisco    River   the   rainfall    is  usually   sufficient,   except  in 

localities  denuded  of  the  for ests  that  originally  covered  the  soil.  On 
the  coasl  of  Brazil,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  yearly  rainfall  is  said  to 
average  78  inches,  though  it  varies  greatly  in  different  years  and  dif- 
ferent localities.     In  the  interior  it  is  much  drier  than  on  the  coast. 

1  have  not  hem  able  to  obtain  the  required  information  concerning 
the  geologic  conditions  of  the  country;  but  the  following  unscientific 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  73 

description  of  the  soil  of  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo  will,  perhaps,  not 
prove  anii  iterestu  i  g : 

The  coast  lands  of  Sao  Paulo,  i.  e..  the  lands  between  the  sea  and  the 
eastern  range  of  mountains,  have  two  kinds  of  soil.  The  first  kind 
belongs  to  the  low,  Bat,  and  moist  lands,  and  consists,  for  the  most 
part,  of  sand  mixed  with  decayed  vegetable  matter  and,  in  some 
instances,  with  rotten  shell  or  marl.  The  second  kind  is  found  on  the 
slope  of  the  mountain  range  looking  towards  the  sea,  and  has  a  basis 
of  clay  mixed  with  sand  and  vegetable  matter.  It  produces  cotton 
moderately  well. 

The  tablelands  in  the  interior  of  the  State  are  divided  into  three 
kinds:  Terra  roxa,  or  purple  lands;  terra  vermelha,  or  red  lands; 
terra  blanca,  or  white  lands.  These  varieties  of  land  are  not  appor- 
tioned among  different  and  distinct  districts,  but  are  found  indiscrimi- 
nately interspersed  throughout  the  region  they  occupy.  The  best  land 
is  the  purple,  or  terra  roxa.  This  soil  is  loose  and  loamy,  and  extends 
to  a  great  depth.  Its  fertility  is  almost  inexhaustible,  and  I  have 
heard  of  good  crops  being  grown  without  manure  on  terra  roxa  lands 
that  have  been  in  cultivation  for  fifty  years.  The  terra  vermelha  (red 
laud)  is  very  compact  and  firm,  and  produces  good  crops  of  cotton  and 
other  products;  it  is  said  to  retain  its  fertility,  without  manuring,  for 
ten  or  fifteen  years.  Of  the  terra  blanca,  which  is  of  a  light  yellowish 
color,  the  principal  component  part  is  white  sand.  Its  fertility  varies 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  vegetable  matter  it  contains.  It  some- 
times produces  as  well  as  terra  roxa  (probably  containing  then  a  mix- 
ture of  flay  and  marl  in  addition  to  the  two  elements  above  mentioned), 
but  in  general  it  is  poor,  and  becomes  exhausted  after  being  cultivated 
tor  about  five  years. 

The  prairie  lands  of  this  region  have  two  kinds  of  soil — terra  blanca 
and  terra  vermelha.  The  former  is  of  little  value,  either  for  cultiva- 
tion or  grazing:  but  the  latter  is  covered  with  excellent  grass,  and, 
when  cultivated,  yields  good  crops. 

It  is  said  that  the  farther  west  you  go  the  better  the  lands  become. 


Report  of  James  R.  Hosmer,  TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Guatemala,  Central 

America. 

APRIL  12,  1S90. 

It  is  a  surprising  fact  that  only  one  cotton  mill  is  established  ami  in 
operation  in  the  Republic  of  Guatemala.  This  fact  is  the  more  sur- 
prising when  the  facilities  for  conducting  the  bushfess  on  an  extensive 
scale  and  independent  footing  are  considered.  Climate,  soil,  water 
power,  labor,  and  the  growth  of  the  raw  material  lend  most  favorable 
inducements  to  the  extension  of  such  an  industrial  enterprise.  The 
increasing  demand  of  a  market  which  is  stocked  with  foreign  goods  at 
enormous  juices,  created  by  cost  of  transportation,  excessive  duties  for 
Governmenl  revenue,  and  a  rate  of  exchange  on  New  York  averaging 
10  per  cent  premium,  add  unanswerable  arguments  for  the  developed 
growth  of  the  cotton  plant  and  its  manufacture  into  articles  for  domes- 
tic wear,  as  well  as  exportation  to  the  southern  republics. 

The  mill  now  in  operation,  while  it  is  not  favorably  situated  as 
regards  convenience  of  access  for  business  operations,  is.  1  am  reliably 
informed,  most  prosperous. 


74       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

The  cotton  plant,  grown  from  the pachon  seed,  brought  from  Mexico 
and  planted  in  the  districts  of  Retalhulen  and  Mazatenaugo,  produced 
this  year  12,000  quintals  (1,200,000  pounds)  of  the  raw  material.  It  is 
of  a  fine  liber  and  of  a  blue-white  color.  It  costs  $5  per  quintal  (100 
pounds)  uncleaued,  and  from  $16  to  $18  when  freed  from  seed  and  dirt. 
The  freight  and  transportation  by  rail  and  other  carriage  to  Quezal- 
tenango  adds  $2  per  quintal  to  the  cost.  These  sums,  it  must  be 
noted,  are  based  upon  Guatemalan  currency,  which.,  according  to  our 
Government  standard,  is  69  cents  on  the  dollar. 

From  50  to  60  quintals  of  cotton  are  consumed  weekly  at  the  mill 
referred  to.  It  manufactures  the  coarse  cloth  which  bears  the  generic 
designation  of  calico  and  yarn  used  by  the  natives  in  their  handlooms 
for  making  woolen  cloths.  This  calico  cloth  sells  at  from  $3.50  to  $1 
per  cot  of  21  yards.  The  yarn  is  put  up  in  10-pound  packages,  num- 
bered from  4  to  20,  ranging  in  price  from  $4.50  to  $5  per  package. 
The  cloth  is  far  superior,  it  is  said,  to  that  of  the  English  importation, 
as  it  contains  only  15  per  cent  of  sizing. 

As  a  matter  of  contrast  in  the  cost  of  production,  it  may  be  added 
chat  cotton  from  the  United  States  costs  at  the  mill  in  question  from 
25  to  26  cents  per  pound  for  the  medium  class,  while  the  native  cotton 
of  the  best  character,  such  as  is  referred  to  above,  costs  18  cents  per 
pound. 

Doubtless  the  abnormal  price  of  coffee,  by  which  an  extraordinary 
development  of  the  product  has  been  created  for  the  past  two  or  three 
years,  has  diverted  the  attention  of  capitalists  from  cotton-growing 
and  its  manufacture  into  articles  of  domestic  wear.  Should  the  price 
of  coffee  materially  decrease — a  problem  to  be  solved,  to  a  great  extent, 
by  the  condition  of  affairs  in  Brazil — it  might  suggest  a  new  impulse 
towards  manufacturing  interests  in  this  highly  favored  land  of  grand 
natural  resources :  in  which  case  I  feel  assured  that  the  growth  of  the 
cotton  plant  and  its  manufacture  into  cloth  would  prominently  assert 
itself  as  foremost  among  the  industries  capable  of  being  successfully 
established  in  the  Eepublic  of  Guatemala. 


Report  of  William  Newell,  U.  S.  consul  at  Managua,  Nicaragua,  C.  A. 

AUGUST  I.',,  1S92. 
FIBERS   OF   NICARAGUA. 

The  vegetables  that  produce  filters  are  numerous,  but  the  one  most 
cultivated  in  all  hot  climates  is  that  belonging  to  the  family  of  agaves. 
The  principal  liber  of  this  family  is  henequen,  found  abundantly  in 
Mexico,  and  which  lias  been  a  source  of  great  riches  to  Yucatan  and 
other  departments  of  that  Republic.  In  Nicaragua  it  grows  perhaps 
more  vigorously  and  exuberantly  than  in  any  other  country:  especially 
is  it  abundant  in  the  departments  of  Leon  and  Chinendega.  With  a 
view  to  encourage  the  cultivation  of  fiber  the  Hon.  Roberto  Sacasa, 
President  of  .Nicaragua,  then  a  representative  in  Congress,  proposed  a 
law  in  bss;;,  which  was  unanimously  adopted  by  Congress,  and  refer- 
ence to  which  is  made  in  this  report  later  on.  Notwithstanding  that 
law,  the  subject  did  not  receive  the  attention  that  it  merited;  but  this 
abundant  fountain  of  riches  remained  inactive  until  lately,  when  a 
Nicaraguan  gentleman,  Senor  Dr.  Don  Fernando  Sanchez,  who,  com- 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  75 

prehending  all  the  advantages  consequent  upon  the  culture  of  fibrous 
plants,  made  a  contract  with  this  Government  for  the  cultivation  of 
henequen  and  for  the  exclusive  privilege  of  manufacturing  sacks  and 
cordage  with  this  fiber  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years. 

The  privileges  conceded  in  this  concession  become  inoperative  if  the 
plantation  is  not  formed  or  the  machinery  is  not  in  lull  working  order 
within  a  period  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  the  ratification  of  this 
contract.  It  also  becomes  null  and  void  if  the  works  are  suspended 
during  ten  cousecutive  months  except  for  fortuitous  circumstances. 

It  would  be  a  lengthy  task  to  enumerate  all  the  fibrous  plants  that 
grow  in  Nicaragua,  for,  besides  the  very  many  that  belong  to  the 
amaryllidaceous  family,  almost  all  palm  trees  produce  fibers. 

The  principal  fibers  that  are  produced  and  utilized  in  Nicaragua  are 
the  pita,  bromelia  pita,  and  the  cabulla  (Agave  Americana).  Of  these 
the  most  cultivated  is  the  cabulla.  Panama  hats  are  manufactured 
from  pita.  Though  cabulla  and  pita  are  abundant,  they  are  not  so  much 
so  as  to  warrant  tiie  iutroduction  and  operation  of  machinery  for  the 
extraction  of  fibers. 

The  plants  that  produce  pita  and  cabulla  grow  generally  in  rich  soil 
and  thrive  best  where  there  is  an  abundance  of  rain.  The  localities 
where  the  most  aud  the  best  cabulla  is  produced  are  in  the  depart- 
ments along  the  Atlantic  coast.  These  fibers  are  found  in  places  very 
difficult  of  access. 

Fibrous  plants  have  not  as  yet  been  cultivated  to  any  great  extent 
in  this  country,  for  the  natives  have  never  thought  of  exporting  pita 
or  cabulla.  They  are  satisfied  to  sell  in  this  Republic  the  few  hundred 
pounds  that  they  extract.  I  believe  that  if  mills  were  established  here 
there  would  be  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  a 'sufficient  number  of  labor- 
ers to  collect  the  fiber  and  to  assist  in  its  transportation.  As  will  be 
noticed  in  the  previous  lines  of  this  report,  the  extraction  of  pita  fiber 
in  Nicaragua  has  become  a  monopoly. 

The  methods  that  have  hitherto  been  employed  in  the  extraction  of 
fibers  are  very  primitive,  as  well  as  very  simple.  The  leaves  are  first 
soaked  for  several  days,  after  which  they  are  beaten.  A  species  of 
bamboo  is  next  split  in  two,  through  which  the  leaves  are  drawn,  and 
this  is  the  way  that  the  fiber  is  extracted.  I  am  informed,  however, 
that  Senor  Don  Ricardo  Contreras,  of  Leon,  has  an  apparatus  for  ben- 
eficiating  cabulla.  The  apparatus  referred  to  is,  I  think,  the  only 
mechanical  appliance  used  here  to  obtain  fiber.  On  account  of  the 
limited  production,  there  is  no  exportation  of  fiber.  All  that  is  pro- 
duced here  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  hammocks,  hats,  aud  rope, 
the  articles  being  sold  in  this  country.  It  would  not  pay  to  export 
fiber  from  this  Republic,  unless  both  varieties  named  of  Agave  Ameri- 
cana belonging  to  the  natural  order  Ainaryllidacea:  were  cultivated,  and 
not  far  from  a  seaport. 


Report  of  Eugene  0.  Fechet,  U.  S.  consul  at  Pledras  JOTegras,  Mexico. 

OCTOBER  0,  1892. 

The  Mexican  merchants  are  ready  to  buy  in  the  cheapest  and  best 
markets  for  themselves.  They  have  no  predilection  in  favor  of  Euro- 
pean markets;  they  simply  seek  to  place  their  orders  to  the  best  advan- 
tage for  themselves. 


76      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

A  detailed  illustration  of  the  requirements  of  consumers  in  Mexico  is 
difficult. 

POPULATION. 

The  population  of  Mexico  can  be  divided  into  two  classes — the  well- 
to-do  and  the  poor.  The  former  consists  of  descendents  of  Spaniards, 
with  little  or  no  admixture  of  aboriginal  blood:  the  latter,  and  by  far 
the  most  numerous,  are  nearly  full-blooded  Indians.  The  well-to-do 
class,  numbering'  about  2,500,000,  have  refined  tastes.  A  great  many 
have  traveled  in  Europe  and  the  United  States,  and  it  is  noticed  that 
on  returning  from  foreign  travel  they  bring  back  foreign  ideas  and  new 
wants.  They  are  ready  buyers  of  all  things  that  suit  their  taste,  meet 
their  wants,  or  catch  their  fancy;  the  sole  restriction  is  their  ability  to 
buy  the  desired  article,  the  cost  of  which  in  Mexico  is  nearly  double 
that  at  places  of  production.  So  the  well-to-do  class  in  Mexico,  in  their 
requirements,  are  much  the  same  as  the  same  class  in  our  own  land. 
The  poorer  classes  are  a  simple,  primitive  people  of  few  wants  and  simple 
tastes.  Save  a  few  tools  and  a  few  cheap  trinkets,  this  class  con- 
sumes few  articles  of  foreign  manufacture,  and  their  wants  are  met  by 
their  home  products. 

MEXICAN  TARIFF  AND   CUSTOMS    RULES. 

The  Federal  revenue  is  chiefly  derived  from  customs  imposts,  sale  of 
stamps,  and  occupation  taxes,  and  hence  the  importer  and  merchant 
have  to  pay  into  the  treasury  the  larger  portion  of  the  money  needed 
to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  Federal  Government,  and  hence,  also,  we 
have  in  Mexico  a  high  tariff,  primarily  for  revenue.  Every  business 
man  seeking  trade  in  Mexico  should  procure  a  copy  of  the  Mexican 
tariff  and  make  a  thorough  study  of  the  reqnirements  of  the  law.  As 
the  subject  is  so  extensive  I  would  recommend  every  American  mer- 
chant to  limit  his  study  of  the  tariff  to  the  classes  of  merchandise  in 
which  he  trades.  There  are  general  rules  in  the  tariff  applying  to  all 
importations  that  merit  close  examination. 

BLEACHED  AND   UNBLEAC1IED   COTTONS. 

With  the  exception  of  the  free-zone  territory,  where  relatively  large 
quantities  are  consumed  by  reason  of  the  duties  being  but  one-tenth  of 
the  full  duties,  it  may  be  said  that  Mexico  offers  but  a  very  limited 
field  for  sales  of  bleached  and  unbleached  eotton  domestics. 

Of  late  years  the  best  American  and  English  spinning  machinery 
has  been  imported  and  cotton  mills  established  in  Mexico,  and  a  very 
good  grade  of  cotton  cloth  is  now  produced.  The  almost  prohibitory 
duties  make  it  a  profitable  investment. 

THE   TRADE   IN   COTTON  PRINTS,  ETC. 

American  mills  first  manufacture  and  then  solicit  orders  for  their 
stock.  The  European  manufacturers  reverse  this  method,  and  first 
solicit  and  (lien  manufacture.  European  manufacturers  send  out  pat- 
terns, designs,  and  colors,  together  with  samples  of  all  the  different 
grades  of  gray  doth  (unbleached  domestics)  made.  The  buyer  first 
selects  the  gray  cloth,  of  a  quality  and  width  best  suited  to  his  local 
trade,  and  then  selects  the  design  or  pattern  in  colors  to  be  printed 
upon  this  gray  cloth  after  bleaching;  thus  the  buyer  obtains  exactly 
what  he  wishes,  as  determined  by  his  own  experience  of  the  tastes  and 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  77 

needs  of  his  customers.  Tn  the  United  States  he  can  not  proceed  in 
this  way;  lie  can  only  buy  from  stock,  and  even  then  he  can  only  do  so 
in  the  fixed  proportions  of  colors  and  designs  of  the  original  package. 

If  American  print  mills  will  consent  to  manufacture  from  special 
designs  the  order  must  be  large,  while  in  Europe  the  minimum  for  a 
special  order  is  200  yards. 

Mexican  buyers  claim  that  European  houses  are  more  accommodat- 
ing than  American  houses  in  following  out  their  suggestions  in  making 
up  special  orders.  For  example,  an  American  firm  sends  out  samples 
of  prints  to  a  Mexican  customer;  he  examines  the  quality,  design,  and 
color,  and  likes  it;  but,  upon  investigating  what  the  cost  will  be,  finds 
that  the  sample,  instead  of  having  only  up  to  30  threads  per  square 
millimeter  (about  one-fifth  of  a  square  inch),  has  32  threads,  counted 
both  ways.  The  .Mexican  buyer  will  write  to  the  American  house:  "I 
am  pleased  witli  your  sample  number  so  and  so  in  color,  design,  and 
quality;  but,  as  it  carries  32  threads  to  the  square  millimeter, the  duty 
will  be  15  cents  per  square  meter,  whereas  if  it  carried  but  30  threads 
the  duty  would  be  but  12  cents,  and  I  could  sell  it  readily;  could  you 
therefore  manufacture  so  as  to  save  me  this  3  cents  duty  per  meter?" 
The  reply  probably  would  be:  "Our  looms  are  arranged  to  turn  out 
that  number  of  threads,  and  can  not  be  changed."  In  Europe,  on  the 
contrary,  such  a  suggestion  would  be  regarded  as  a  very  valuable  bit 
of  trade  knowledge,  and  all  dispositions  at  once  taken  to  manufacture 
in  conformity  with  the  suggestion,  and  the  probabilities  are  that  the 
European  house  will  send  out  two  very  different  grades  of  the  same 
prints — one  carrying  the  maximum  number  of  threads  permissible  under 
the  12-cent  duty,  and  the  other,  of  finer  grade,  containing  all  the  threads 
that  the  square  will  carry,  so  as  to  make  it  worth  the  extra  3  cents  duty. 

A  second  and  significant  illustration  of  some  of  the  peculiarities  of 
Mexican  trade  may  be  cited.  A  merchant  observes  that  his  competi- 
tor advertises  a  certain  fabric  at  25  cents  per  meter.  Through  a  friend 
he  buys  a  few  meters,  aud  after  measuring  it  finds  that  by  reducing 
the  width  a  few  inches  he  can  undersell  his  rival.  If  he  writes  to  an 
American  house  to  have  a  few  pieces  manufactured  equal  in  all 
respects,  only  narrower  than  the  sample,  the  chances  are  that  he  will 
not  be  accommodated;  whereas  if  he  addresses  himself  to  a  European 
house  he  will  be  told  that  his  order  will  be  Idled  if  he  will  take  a  cer- 
tain number  of  pieces — the  minimum  is  generally  200  yards. 

It  would  be  manifestly  absurd  to  claim  that  our  manufacturers  should 
change  their  standard  sizes  to  meet  the  special  requirements  of  every 
customer;  but  would  it  not  be  practicable  and  wise  for  our  print  man 
ufaeturers  to  send  out  a  man  to  make  a  thorough  examination  of  the 
tastes  and  needs  of  the  Mexican  market*!  The  samples  manufactured 
from  such  practical  observation  and  study  would  be  sure  to  please  a 
majority  of  buyers,  and  should  changes  still  be  necessary  they  would 
not  touch  points  so  important  as  those  of  weight,  number  of  threads, 
width,  and  finish  of  goods,  aud  the  experience  gained  would  amply 
repay  the  expenses  of  such  a  tour  of  observation. 

The  home  factories  are  turning  out  some  fabrics  in  cotton  prints  that 
are  constantly  improved  upon.  While  American  prints  are  superior 
in  point  of  design  and  colors  to  the  home  product,  it  will  soon  be  pos- 
sible only  to  import  prints  of  special  designs  and  line  finish  too  dififi- 
cult  and  expensive  to  produce  at  the  home  factories. 

The  trade  with  Mexico  in  American  prints  has  largely  increased  of 
late  years,  owing  to  the  improvement  in  colors,  designs,  and  varieties 
of  patterns. 


78      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Hugo  M.  StarJcloff,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Bremen,  Germany. 

JULY  25,  1803. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  the  Empire  of  Germany.  The  import  of 
cotton  from  the  United  States  into  Bremen  is  considerable  and  has 
increased  from  year  to  year,  as  the  following  table  will  show: 

Tmports  of  cotton  into  Bremen  from  January  1  to  December  31  of  the  years  named. 


Bales. 

1870 157,689 

1871 3 16,  431 

1872 193, 094 

1873 241,874 

1874 258,289 

1875 206,  309 

1876 217,655 

1877 209,  920 

1878 280,  795 

1879 363,  526 

1880 397,  998 

1881 534,  421 


Bales. 

1882 41 5, 430 

1883 -577,842 

1884 449,  613 

1885 457,692 

1886 428,  605 

1887 658, 373 

1888 446,  405 

188!) 720,812 

1890 812,538 

1891 872,856 

1892 803,405 


It  has  been  extensively  tried  in  Germany,  although  not  in  my  con- 
sular district,  to  use  jute  and  other  fibers  of  similar  character  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  cotton  (pure  or  mixed),  and  for  awhile  the  goods  so  fab- 
ricated, such  as  rough  towels,  curtains,  imitation  of  gobelin,  and  other 
similar  articles  seemed  to  sell  rapidly  on  account  of  the  cheapness  and 
good  appearance  when  new,  but  the  sale  of  these  articles  is  now  decreas- 
ing as  fast  as  it  first  increased,  and  the  jute  factories  begin  to  confine 
themselves  to  the  manufacture  of  rough  bags  and  packing  cloth  entirely, 
so  that  there  is  no  danger  whatsoever  that  jute  and  other  cellulose 
fibers  will  ever  take  the  place  of  cotton,  or  even  diminish  the  use  and 
sale  of  cotton. 

Some  circumstances  calculated  to  put  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the 
importation  of  raw  cotton  from  the  United  States  are  the  following: 

For  a  long  time  the  imperfect  packing  of  American  cotton  has  been 
the  subject  of  just  complaints,  made  by  all  parties  concerned,  without 
any  successful  measures  having  hitherto  been  adopted  in  order  to  lead 
to  an  improvement.  Indeed,  in  America  likewise  the  inadmissibility 
of  the  present  packing  has  been  frequently  acknowledged,  attempts 
having  been  made  for  at  least  a  partial  improvement  by  employing  a 
closer  material  made  of  cotton.  Practically,  however,  it  has  turned  out 
that  this  cotton  stuff  by  no  means  met  the  requirements  as  to  durability, 
and  at  last  people  at  the  ports  were  obliged  before  shipment  to  furnish 
such  bales  covered  with  cotton  cloth  with  the  old  jute  bagging. 

By  the  use  of  the  present  bagging,  with  its  wide  meshes,  the  import- 
ers suffer  many  inconveniences  and  even  considerable  losses.  It  fre- 
quently occurs  that  the  bales  arrive  here  in  such  a  defective  condition 
as  to  be  beyond  description.  Of  the  original  packing  or  covers  only 
some  rags  are  to  be  discovered,  and  it  may  easily  be  explained  that 
bales  of  cotton  in  such  condition  create  a  considerable  danger  of  fire, 
so  that  the  underwriters  evince  great  scruples  to  insure  cotton. 
Besides  this,  in  the  tearing  asunder  of  the  wrapper  the  marks  very 
easily  disappear,  the  bales  thus  arriving  at  the  port  of  discharge  with 
obliterated  marks  or  partly  with  no  marks  whatever. 

During  the  last  few  years  the  direct  intercourse  between  the  conti- 
nental consumers  of  cotton  and  the  American  growers  has  increased  in 
a  manner  which   was  not  foreseen.     Especially  the  German  cotton 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  79 

industry  has,  in  the  course  of  the  last  years,  been  greatly  developed, 
and  there  is  reason  to  suppose  that  it  will  continue  to  develop  in  the 
same  direction.  Thus  it  appears  natural  to  foster  and  strengthen  this 
direct  intercourse  more  and  more,  and  as  far  as  possible,  to  remove  all 
difficulties  likely  to  impede  this  intercourse.  And  the  competent 
authorities  in  America  might  contribute  to  bring  this  about  by  taking 
energetic  steps  in  order  to  put  an  end  to  the  abuses  aforesaid  and  by 
exerting  themselves  to  introduce  better  packing  or  covers  of  the  bales 
of  cotton,  meeting  all  requirements  as  to  closeness  and  durability,  and 
adapted  sufficiently  to  protect  the  cotton  from  thieves,  damage,  and 
risk  of  fire — a  packing  similar  to  that  of  East  Indian  cotton,  which  has 
never  yet  given  rise  to  complaints. 

Of  the  cotton  imported  by  Bremen  merchants,  Germany,  with 
5,980,976  spindles,  consumes  [,232,864  bales:  Austria,  with  2,707,762 
spindles,  consumes  670,000  bales:  Switzerland,  with  1,731,198  spindles, 
consumes  100,000  bales;  Holland,  with  249,274  spindles,  consumes 
49,720  bales,  and  Belgium,  with  734,100  spindles,  consumes  90,000 
bales. 


Report  of  W.  H.  Edwards,    U.  S.  consul-general  at  Berlin,  Germany. 

JULY  11,  IS'):]. 
COTTON-GROWING. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  Germany,  and.  so  far,  in  the  German 
colonies  little  progress  has  been  made  in  this  direction. 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

The  difference  between  the  amounts  of  cotton  and  cotton  wares 
imported  and  exported  shows,  approximately,  the  amount  consumed  in 
Germany.  In  the  year  L892  the  importation  and  exportation  of  cotton 
and  cotton  wares  amounted  to  615,000,000  and  108,000,000  pounds, 
respectively,  against  650,000,000  and  157,000,000  pounds  in  1891.  The 
amount  consumed  in  Germany,  therefore,  appears  to  have  been  447,000,- 
000  pounds  in  1892  and  493,000,000  pounds  in  1891.  According  to  the 
annual  report  of  the  imperial  bureau  of  statistics  Germany  imported 
cotton  and  cotton  wares  valued  at  $58,676,044  in  1892  and  $08,503,540 
in  1891,  and  exported  cotton  yarn,  closely  and  loosely  woven  wares, 
passementeries,  hosiery,  and  lace  valued  at  $42,332,103  in  1892  and 
$40,138,938  in  1891. 

As  the  German  statistical  year  book  has  been  published  only  thirteen 
years,  I  regret  that  I  can  not  give  the  statistics  back  to  the  year  ISfiO 
as  requested  in  the  circular  of  instruction.  I  transmit  herewith  statis- 
tical tables  containing  such  information  as  I  have  been  able  to  obtain 
from  official  sources. 

Mr.  M.  Weigert,  an  authority  on  the  subject  of  the  textile  and 
clothing  industries  of  Germany,  has  this  to  say  in  respect  to  the  Ger- 
man cotton  industry: 

"The  German   cotton    industry  is  highly  developed.      Germany  possesses  about 
5,500,000  spindles,  and  in  1891  worked  up  237,000  tons  of  cotton* 
The  Importation  of  foreign  textiles  amounted  in  1891  to  1.5,870  tons,  chiefly  in  fine 

qnalit  ies. 

As  specialties  in  this  branch  we  may  mention  the  manufacture  of  sewing  and  knit- 
ting cottons,  in  which  Saxony,  Bavaria,  Baden,  and  Alsatia  greatly  excel. 


80 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  &ND 


Turkey-red  cotton  forms  an  important  article  at"  export.  The  cotton-spinning 
manufacture  not  only  produces  nearly  all.  the  material  necessary  for  home  consump- 
tion, but  also  exports  largely. 

Plain  tissues,  such  as  calico,  shirtings,  etc.,  are  principally  manufactured  in 
Bavaria,  Alsatia,  and  Silesia. 

In  the  first  named  are  to  be  mentioned  the  districts  of  Suebia  and  Neuburg,  with 
its  principal  center  of  Augsburg. 

For  velvets  and  velveteens  are  to  be  named  Linden  near  Hanover,  Ettlingen, 
Baden,  and  Berlin,  whose  productions  may  be  classed  among  the  finest  of  the  con- 
tinent and  are  largely  exported. 

The  weaving  of  colored  goods,  which  produces  articles  for  men's  and  women's 
clothing,  is  most  nourishing.  Alsatia,  Rhenish-Prussia,  and  Westphalia,  as  well  as 
numerous  districts  of  Bavaria,  Wurtemburg,  Saxony,  and  Silesia,  are  important 
centers  of  this  industry. 

The  manufacture  of  nainsook,  muslin,  flannelettes,  pique's,  sateen,  colored  stuffs 
for  tablecloths,  bedcovers,  dresses,  aud  aprons,  is  very  important,  and  works  largely 
for  exportation. 

The  bleaching,  dyeing,  and  dressing  of  cotton  goods,  which  are  greatly  in  demand, 
stands  on  a  high  level. 

The  white  and  colored  stuffs  for  linings,  shirtings,  chiffons,  etc.,  are  admirably 
made  and  find  buyers  in  all  parts. 

In  Alsatia,  Silesia,  and  Bavaria  bleaching  and  dressing  are  important  industries. 

Printing  is  one  of  the  most  important  branches  of  tie  German  cotton  trade. 

The  productions  of  Alsatia  in  the  domain  of  printed  stuffs  for  furniture  and 
dresses  are  world  renowned,  its  manufacture  being  superior,  both  in  beauty  of  pat- 
tern and  neatness  of  execution,  and  having  a  ready  sale  in  all  countries. 

Another  chief  center  of  printing  is  the  Lower  Rhine,  especially  the  towns  of  Eber- 
feld  and  Dusseldorf. 

The  manufacture  of  dress  materials,  partly  of  wool  mixed  with  cotton,  is  of  con- 
spicuous importance." 

So  far  as  I  am  able  to  ascertain  the  tendency  toward  mixing  cotton 
with  other  fibers  depends  on  the  price  of  cotton. 

When  the  price  of  cotton  is  low  the  tendency  to  mix  cotton  with  other 
fibers  increases. 

When  the  price  of  cotton  is  high  the  tendency  to  mix  other  fibers 
with  cotton  increases. 

Germany's  importation  and  exportation  of  cotton  and  cotton  wares,  in  the  years 

1SSU  to  1892. 


Raw  and 

waste. 

Imports  (in  tons). 

Ex 

ports  (in  t 

ons) . 

Tear. 

Carded, 
combed, 

dyed. 

Yarn. 

Wares. 

Yarn. 

Closely- 
woven 

w  ares/ 

Loosely- 

u  i>\  en 
wares.1 

1880           

148,  654 
157,  070 
155,  859 
189,  093 
177, 586 
175, 185 
181,714 
224,204 
208,689 
260,913 
268,  143 
277,  586 
201,  521 

1,644 
5,  796 
2,  877 
3,427 
2,  489 
1,161 
1,536 
1,550 
1,051 
103 
:;;, 

36 
21 

13,132 
16,  475 
18,  (175 
21.947 
22.  140 
20,811 

22,  1st; 

20,909 
21,768 
21,927 
18,  808 
15,871 
15,  789 

1.3S7 
1,392 
1,477 
1,545 
1,617 
1,  544 
1,419 
1,  294 
1,298 
1,417 
1,462 
1,  503 
1,620 

11,  584 
10,371 
10,667 
8,177 
7.  187 
7.211 
7,324 
o.  690 
6,407 

0,  SKI 
7,  180 
9,613 
9,  707 

13,  828 
14,460 
14,187 
13,677 

14,  978 
13,  188 
11,  178 
Hi, '.Kill 
15, 874 
1 1,837 
15, 458 
16,713 
20,  529 

504 

188]       

510 

569 

501 

542 



587 

568 

1887         

797 

838 

1889          

817 

1890       

865 

1891           

904 

1892     

904 

*  This  (iocs  not  include  passementerie  and  hosiery, 
f  This  does  not  include  laces,  embroideries,  etc. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


81 


Report  of  Mae  F>-anl;   U.  S.  commercial  agent  at  Bamberg,  Germany. 

AUGUST  11,  1893. 

Cotton  growing  is  unknown  in  Germany. 

Through  Alsace  having  become  united  with  Germany,  the  cotton 
industry  of  this  country  has  materially  increased. 

The  import  of  raw  cotton  in  1890  embraced  125,000  tons  from  the 
United  States  and  50,000  tons  from  India. 

The  importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Bremen  and  Hamburg  was  as 
follows : 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

Bales. 
446,  405 
282,  236 

Bales. 
720,812 
324,  891 

Bales . 
812,  538 

417,249 

Bales. 
872,  856 

450, 539 

The  consumption  of  cotton  in  Germany  in  the  years  1860  to  1800  was : 


Tear. 

Consump- 
tion of 
cotton. 

Per  head 
of popu- 
lation. 

Tons.* 

66.  800 

80.0H0 

136,  700 

250,  560 

Pounds. 
4.32 

4.59 

1880                                                  

6. 70 

10.74 

"Of  2,000  pounds. 
Import  and  export  of  cotton  goods  in  Germany. 


Year. 


1860. 
1870. 
1880. 
1890. 


Value  of  imported  cotton  goods  in  ISM $2,829,820 

Value  of  exports  of  cotton  goods  in  1890 39,976,860 

Most  of  the  imported  goods  came  from  England,  which,  however,  has 
lost  footing  within  these  last  few  years,  whereas  the  export  embraces 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  world,  especially  France,  Belgium,  Holland, 
Austria,  and  Switzerland. 

The  export  to  the  United  States  and  Eussia  has  decreased  consider- 
ably of  late  years. 

There  is  great  difficulty  to  get  at  the  true  state  of  affairs,  as  the 
heads  of  the  establishments  are  very  reluctant  to  supply  information, 
and  there  seems  to  be  no  book  giving  authentic  statistics  of  former 
years. 

The  consumption  of  cotton  goods  has  steadily  increased,  and  in  many 
cases  they  have  superseded  the  consumption  of  linen  goods. 

In  former  years  cotton  has  been  mixed  with  flax  and  the  make 
thereof  has  been  chiefly  used  by  the  country  population ;  of  late  the 
demand  for  such  goods  has  fallen  off  entirely,  as  also  goods  made  of 
cotton  mixed  with  Vigogne  wool.  This  class  of  goods  is  made  in 
Alsace. 

cor — vol  2 6 


82 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  Loren  Listoe,  U.  S.  consul  at  Dusseldorf,  Germany. 

JUNE  26, 1893. 

No  cotton  is  produced  or  grown  in  Bhine-Prussia,  or,  for  that  matter, 
in  Europe,  and  the  questions  relating  to  its  production,  etc.,  must  from 
necessity  be  passed  over. 

But  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  there  is  not  much  to  be  said  either  on  the 
subject  of  cotton  consumption,  as  this  consular  district  only  contains 
5  cotton  mills,  3  in  the  city  of  Dusseldorf  and  2  in  Duisburg.  The 
total  number  of  spindles  in  these  mills  is  57,500,  and  their  total  annual 
consumption  of  cotton  is  23,160  bales. 

There  is  no  tendency  here  to  mix  cotton  with  hemp,  jute,  or  any  other 
fiber,  as  cotton  at  present  is  so  cheap  that  it  would  not  pay  to  do  so. 

The  cotton  cloth  manufactured  here  is  nearly  all  consumed  within  the 
district  where  it  is  manufactured. 

I  append  a  list  of  the  cotton  mills  in  the  Prussian-Bhine  provinces, 
giving  their  total  number  of  spindles  and  bales  of  cotton  consumed  in 
Bhineland : 

Cotton  mills,  their  consumption  of  cotton,   etc.,  in  the  Prussian-Rhine  provinces. 


Firm  name. 


City. 


Spindles. 


Cotton 
used. 


O.  Boeninger 

Henn  &  Triep 

Bucklers  &  Jansen 

J.  G.  Brugelmann 

J.  G.  Herzfeld  Sonne 

Act.  Ges.  Textilwerk 

Ermen  &  Engels 

Erckens  &  Co 

J.  A.  Lindgens  Erben 

Busch  &  Co - 

KolnischeTBaumwolle  Spinnerei. 

Gebr.  Hiihlen  &  Co 

Busch  &  Hoffman 

Gebr.  Croon  Spinnerei 

Martin  Essers 

Gladbactaer  Spinnerei 

J.  H.  Horn 

Joh.  Fr.  Klauser 

E.  Koenigs  &  Co 

Ant.  Lambers,  Chr.  Sohn 

M.  Lamberts  <fc  May 

CO.  Langen  &. Co 

Martin  May  &  Co 

Schlal'horst  <fc  Hibbes 

Vereinigte  Spin  &  Wcbereien. . . 

A.  Bresges 

Busch  &  Vierhaus 

Daniels  &  Nacken 

Daniels  Sohn  Spinnerei 

J.  Daniels  Wieve  &  Sohn 

W.  Dilthey  &  Co 

M.  Goeter's  Sonne 

Heynen  &.  Wienands 

Wi'lh.  Junkers,  Spiuneri 

Mori  1 7.  Leu<sen 

Carl  Smoelder  &  Co 

C.  H.  Goeters  Spinnerei 

Vierhaus  &  Seime 

Friedr.  Luke 

Goeters  &  Pungs 

Daniels  &  Strater 

Leop.  Scholler,  Jr.  &  Co 

J.&  W.Keller 

Moritz  Steinberg 

Bormfeld  <fc  Jansscn 


Duisburg 

do*. 

Dulken 

Dusseldorf 

do 

do 

Engels  Kirchen. 
Grevenbroich  — 
Hohen  Kirch  . . . 

Jiichen 

Cologne 

Miilfort 

M.  Gladbach.... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Odenkirchen 

Bheydt 

'.do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Viersen 

.Miilfort 

Wickrath 

Eheydt 

Odenkirchen 

Diiren 

Kheydt 

M.  Gladbach.... 
do 


Number. 
10,  300 
7,600 
17,  500 

10,  000 
7,600 

22,  000 

13,  900 
25,  000 
11, 440 

7,800 
42, 368 
11,000 

6,000 

16,  000 

540 

49, 800 

2,000 
30,  000 

3,144 

5,296 
12,  000 

7,650 

15,  214 
4,200 
6,400 

16,  000 
7,320 

11,396 

8,  000 
12,500 
28,  000 

11,  500 

14,  000 

9,  000 
4,000 

16,004 
2,400 
16,  356 
228 
20,  000 

12,  000 
10,  000 

8,512 

1,860 

700 


Bales. 
4,500 
4,500 
6,000 
2,500 
3,660 
8,000 
5,450 
7,000 
3,500 
3,600 

10,  500 
3,500 
4,500 
5,600 
(*) 

17, 400 
(*> 

10, 000 

2,  513 
3,385 
3,000 
2,300 
6,400 
1,500 
3,000 
6,000 
2,900 
3, 000 
2,200 

3,  900 
11,000 

4,000 
6,200 
4,000 
2,000 
4,200 
1,400 
8,000 
(*) 

7,500 
3,800 
3,600 
2,000 
1,000 
700 


Total. 


554, 528 


199,  708 


*  Quantity  not  statod. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


83 


Report  of  John  F.  Winters,  U.  8.  consul  at  Mannheim,  Germany. 

JUNE  28,  1898. 

I  transmit  herewith  condensed  statements  showing  the  importation 
and  exportation  of  1892  from  and  into  Germany  from  all  other  coun- 
tries of  raw  cotton,  cotton  waste,  cotton  wadding,  cotton  yarn,  and 
cotton  goods  in  American  pounds. 

Also  statement  of  importation  and  exportation  of  cotton  raw  and 
manufactured  during  the  years  commencing  1878  and  ending  with  1891 
in  American  pounds. 

As  the  German  customs  duty  is  based  upon  the  weight,  whether  the 
cotton  is  raw  or  manufactured,  no  statistics  are  obtainable  showing  the 
number  of  meters  or  yards  of  manufactured  goods  imported  or  con- 
sumed. The  statistics  are  given  simply  in  100  kilograms,  which  I  have 
reduced  to  American  pounds.  The  statements  were  obtained  from  the 
Imperial  German  statistics,  published  in  Berlin. 

Importation  into  Germany  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  in  the  year  1S92. 


Country  from  which  imported. 

Cotton  (raw). 

Cotton 
waste. 

Cotton 
wadding. 

Cotton 
yarn. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Pounds. 
9,581,900 

Pounds. 
2, 116,  400 
6, 748,  000 
14,  014, 900 
l,214,S0O 
6,  314,  800 
7, 112,  600 
220,  800 
2,  343.  000 
2, 159,  500 
3, 212,  SOU 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

28  600 

22, 130,  000 
1, 264,  700 

4,  233,  900 

5,  446,  700 

27, 397,  700 

462  800 

Italy 

2,  588, 100 

63, 100 

108,  986,  400 

339,  865,  000 

27,  33],  700 

5, 842,  500 

Egypt 

83, 600 

4, 833,  800 

3, 258, 400 

Total 

524,  682,  800 

46,  057, 600 

83,  600 

34, 819,  600 

3, 812, 900 

Exportation  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  in  the  year  1S92. 


Country  to  which  exported. 


Belgium 

France  

Great  Britain. 

Italy  ■ 


Netherlands 

Austria-Hungary 

Kussia 

Switzerland 

I  iiiu-d  States 

Denmark 

Turkey 

Sweden 

Spain. 


Country  not  known 

Bgypl  : 

Boumania 

Central  and  South  America 

Australia 

British  East  India 

Free  port  of  Hamburg 


Total. 


Cotton  (raw) . 


Pounds. 
227,  900 


539,  700 
37.358,600 

7,  ,r)l'2.(ill0 
1,  698,  000 


Cotton 
waste. 


Pounds. 

309,  700 

4,  030, 800 


615,  100 
4.  999,  000 

8,  862,  000 
493,  200 

1,117,800 
729,  300 


47,  347,  200     21, 150,  900 


Cotton 
wadding. 

Pounds. 


2.  807,  800 


2,  807,  800 


Cotton 
yarn. 


Pounds. 

191,800 

327,  800 

6,001,600 

430,  900 

443,  000 

'.IS.V  SHI) 

205,  000 

614,900 

56, 100 

209, 800 

196,  200 

88, 800 

92,  800 

10, 550, 100 


20, 394,  600 


Cotton 
goods. 


Pounds. 
2,361,900 

3,  067, 000 
10,  273,  100 

1,  028,  200 

4,  067, 100 
1,534,800 

141,400 

2, 089, 100 

12,  136,300 

317,  000 

1, 792,  300 

28, 800 

293,  200 

1,  654,  800 

14,  000 

3, 163, 100 

18, 682, 400 

231,000 

346, 900 

52,  300 


63, 274, 700 


84  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Importation  into  Germany  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  for  the  ysars  1878  to  1892. 


Tear. 


Cotton  (raw). 


Cotton 
yarn. 


Cotton 
goods. 


Cotton  waste, 
wadding,  etc 


1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Pounds. 
361,831,800 
398,  406, 140 
327,  037,  920 
345,  554,  000 
344, 177,  020 
416,004,000 
390,  538,  000 
366, 895,  500 
398,  466,  000 
466, 471, 700 
427,771,700 
536,  896,  800 
551, 232.  000 
571, 433,  060 
524,  682,  800 


Pounds. 

40,  534,  780 

47,  448,  800 
28,  871,  060 
36,  244,  560 
39, 767,  860 
48, 283, 800 

48,  709,  900 
45,  782,  800 
48,801,900 

41,  938,  200 
27,  888,  200 
48,  238,  300 
41,  377,  600 
34,  915,  320 
34,  819,  600 


Pounds. 
4, 418, 040 
6,  046,  040 
3,  049,  420 
3,  061,  740 
3,  248,  960 
3,  397,  900 
3, 559,  300 
3,  395,  000 
3, 119,  800 

2,  845,  900 
2, 825,  000 
3, 332, 120 
3, 408,  240 

3,  499,  980 
3,812,900 


Pounds. 

<*) 

<*> 

(*) 

(*) 

<*) 

<*) 

(*) 

ft) 

<*) 

<*) 

<*) 
37,  359, 740 
38, 777,  420 
39, 350,  520 
46,141,200 


*No  data. 
Exportation  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  for  the  years  1878  to  1892. 


Year. 


Cotton  (raw) 


1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891 . 
1892. 


Pounds. 
107,  301,  040 
127, 191,  680 
26,217.620 
39, 165,  500 
38,453,800 
45,  328, 100 
39,  853,  800 
20,813,700 
24,  342,  000 
31,  541, 100 
33.  915,  200 
42,  991,  300 
52,  626,  420 
49,  688,  320 
47,  347,  200 


Cotton 
yarn. 


Pounds. 
32, 220,  320 
20,  952,  800 
25, 485,  020 
22,  815,  320 
23, 465,  200 
17,  989,  600 
15,  805, 400 
15,  778,  400 
15,  843,  000 

14,  670,  900 
13,  731,  900 

15,  048,  660 
15,  637,  600 
21, 150,  360 
20, 394,  600 


Cotton 


Pounds. 
36,  544,  860 
36,  231, 140 
46,451,680 
48,  824,  820 

50,  800, 420 
50, 128,  700 
54,  556,  000 

51,  013,  800 
58,  319,  300 
66, 722,  200 
62,  834, 400 
57,  898,  280 

62,  227,  880 
61,139,760 

63,  274, 700 


Cotton  waste, 
wadding,  etc. 


Pounds. 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*> 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 

26,  266,  900 

27,  903, 700 
25, 323, 320 
23,  964,  700 


*  No  data. 

Mannheim  and  vicinity  has  numerous  manufacturing  establishments,  hut  they  are  devoted  to  the 
manufacturing  of  chemicals,  drugs,  rubber,  and  cement  industries,  there  being  no  manufacturing 
establishments  of  cotton  goods  in  the  city  of  Mannheim. 


Report  of  Charles  Neuer,  TJ.  S.  consular  agent  at  Gera,  Germany. 

OCTOBER  19,  1892. 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  cultivation  of  the  cotton  plant  in 
Europe  is  confined  to  Italy,  Spain,  Greece,  and  Turkey,  and  there  are 
no  prospects  of  a  growing  cultivation,  inasmuch  as  wine,  silk,  and  oil 
are  considered  there  more  profitable  products. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  is  in  the  main  the  very  low  standard 
of  wages  in  this  country  which  enables  the  German  manufacturers  to 
place  their  fabrics  made  of  American  cotton  upon  the  American  mar- 
ket at  lower  figures  than  they  are  there  produced. 

Under  these  circumstances,  it  becomes  evident  that  the  bulk  of  cot- 
ton goods  consumed  in  Germany  are  of  a  cheap  quality,  in  order  to  cor- 
respond with  the  limited  purchasing  power  of  the  masses.    Therefore, 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES 


85 


and  in  view  of  the  comparatively  high  German  duty  on  foreign  cotton 
goods,  whereas  the  raw  material  is  imported  free  of  duty,  I  do  not 
think  that  our  superior  home  fabrics  can  be  advantageously  and  exten- 
sively disposed  of  in  this  market. 

There  remains,  however,  ample  room  for  our  surplus  of  cotton  manu- 
factures all  over  the  world,  and  I  am  convinced  that  our  share  in  this 
trade  would  be  materially  increased  if  the  requisite  means  were  taken. 

Our  manufacturers  enjoy  a  world-wide  reputation  because  of  their 
energy  and  the  excellence  of  their  wares,  but  I  find  them  disinclined  to 
adapt  their  productions  to  any  other  country  but  their  own.  They  will 
not  deviate  from  their  usual  widths,  weights,  yards,  and  combinations, 
though  it  appears  natural,  that  when  a  new  market  for  certain  articles 
is  acquired,  the  goods  should  be  made  to  suit  the  wants  and  tastes  of 
the  purchasers.  The  vast  commerce  of  England  is  a  subject  worthy 
of  consideration  in  this  direction.  The  English  make  special  articles 
according  to  the  wishes  of  their  customers  in  any  of  the  world's 
markets,  and  this  is  the  reason  why  England  still  holds  the  supremacy 
in  cotton  goods. 


Report  of  Frank  H.  Mason,  77.   S.  consul-general  at  Franl;fort-on-the- 

Main,j  Germany. 

NOVEMBER  30,  1S92. 

There  are  no  statistics  of  the  importation,  consumption,  or  export  of 
raw  cotton,  cotton  thread,  or  cotton  cloth,  for  any  separate  consular  dis- 
trict in  Germany,  or  for  the  territory  under  the  supervision  of  the  con- 
sulate-general at  Frankfort.  The  only  statistics  on  this  subject  are 
those  issued  by  the  Imperial  Government,  and  relate  to  the  whole  of  Ger- 
many. From  this  source  the  imports  and.  exports  of  such  merchandise 
during  the  past  three  years  are  shown  to  have  been  as  follows: 

IMPORTS. 


Description. 


1891. 


1889. 


Raw  cotton 

Cotton  waste 

Cotton,  carded,  combed,  and  colored 

Cotton  yarns 

Mixed  cotton  and  woolen  yarns 

Cotton  goods 


Pounils. 

571,433,060 

39,  256. 140 

80,  080 

34,915,320 

7,346,680 

3,  340,  040 


Pound*. 
551,232,000 
38,  683,  040 
76,  780 

41,  377,  000 
5,410,020 
3,  252,  480 


Pounds. 

536, 896,  800 

37,110.920 

226,380 

48.  238.  300 

4, 530,  620 

3, 142, 920 


EXPORTS. 


Raw  cotton 

Cotton  waste 

Cotton,  carded,  combed,  colored,  etc 

Cotton  yarns 

Cotton  Valines 


49,  688, 320 
21,  950,940 
2,  962,  740 
21,  150,360 
60,897,  100 


52.  626.  420 

24,624,  160 

2,838,220 

15,  796,660 

02,  018, 440 


42,991,300 
23,410.040 
2,  943, 820 
15  048,660 
57,  619,  540 


se 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  William  D.  Warner,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Cologne,  Germany. 

MAY  4,  1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  manufactory  of  much  importance  in  this  consular 
district.  Out  of  a  total  of  47  such  factories  in  the  Rhenish  province, 
operating  half  a  million  spindles,  and  consuming  annually  about 
200,000  bales  of  cotton,  there  is  but  one  in  this  district,  operating 
42,368  spindles,  and  consuming  annually  about  10,500  bales  of  cotton. 
There  is  not  any  question  about  the  -great  and  steady  increase  of  the 
consumption  of  cotton  in  Germany  since  the  past  twenty  years.  Owing 
to  the  cheapness  of  cotton,  it  has  almost  entirely  displaced  certain 
kinds  of  linen  goods,  chiefly  the  coarser  qualities.  Sheets  for  bedding, 
tablecloths,  underwear,  etc.,  have  been  largely  displaced  by  cotton 
goods.  In  former  years  linen  hand  weavers  in  Germany  earned  on  an 
average  only  from  10  to  12  cents  per  day,  wages  which  they  could  not 
possibly  exist  on  to-day. 

The  mixing  of  cotton  yarns  in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  cloths, 
silks,  velvets,  and  plushes  has  also  increased  the  consumption  of  cotton 
largely. 

COTTON  CONSUMPTION  OF   GERMANY. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  average  annual  consumption  of 
cotton  in  Germany  during  a  series  of  years : 

Tons. 

1836  to  1840 8,917 

1840  to  1845 13,246 

1846  to  1850 15,782 

1851  to  1855 26,441 

1856  to  1860 46,529 

1866  to  1870 68,  281 

About  two-thirds  of  the  importation  of  cotton  into  Germany  comes 
from  the  United  States,  and  one-third  from  all  other  countries;  of  the 
latter,  chiefly  British  India  and  Egypt. 

GERMAN  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS   OF   COTTON. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  annual  importation  and  exporta- 
tion into  and  out  of  the  customs-union  of  Germany  of  raw  cotton, 
according  to  countries,  in  tons : 


Tons. 

1871  to  1875 116,390 

1876  to  1880 124,  549 

1881  to  1885 152,328 

1886  to  1890 201,046 

1891 245,204 


Countries. 


1886. 


Im-       Ex 

ports,  ports 


1887. 


Im- 

ports. 


Ex- 
ports 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports, 


1890. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports, 


1891. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports. 


Bremen 

Hamburg 

Belgium 

Great  Britain 

Italy 

Holland 

Austria 

Russia 

Switzerland 

United  States 

All  other  count  rics 

Total 


Tons 

11,713 
3,385 

38,  918 

23, 433 

6,189 

8,  298 

2,  890 

19 

214 

50,5: 

26,  448 


Tons. 

189 

22 

90 

16 

32 

38 

7,732 

1,89 


172, 030 


Tons. 
13,777 

3,  836 
42, 105 
27, 482 

1,620 
11, 162 

6,503 

1 

213 

70, 742 

34,  531 


Tons. 

34 

21 

115 

43 

6 

11 

10,  373 

3,134 

276 


Tons 
10,861 

5,138 
35, 179 
23,  684 

2,271 
11,787 

8,612 


291 
63,910 

32,  073 


11, 06.'! 


212,  032 


14, 330 


Tons. 

14 

50 

82 

11 

1 

91 

12, 

1,  376 

640 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


Tons. 


30,  502 

21,235 

5,108 

9,063 

12,131 


260 


149 

117,  351 
48, 174 


43 

520 

16 

100 

15,  120 

2,  000 

1,448 

'"284 


37, 804 
8,672 

5,  994 

6,  362 
7,851 

7 

364 

125, 1  it 

•58, 442 


82 

102 

34 

230 

18, 426 
::.  r.17 
1,072 

"'410 


13,  631 

10,  033 

1,873 

3,629 

3,326 

4 

220 

159,233 

\  07, 793 


180 

29 

298 

16, 303 

4,044 

1.010 

1 

534 


193,801  15,403  252,713 


19,  546 


250,  640 


23,  900  259,  742  22,  405 


•Including  50,059  tons  from  British  India.  t  Including  57,  560  tons  from  British  India. 

Note. — It  is  impossible  to  give  correct  figures  as  to  the  original  source  of  the  raw  cotton  that  is 
imported  into  Germany — that  is  the  German  onstoms-iuiioii.  The  inclusion,  a,  few  years  ago,  of  the 
free  'iiies,  Bremen  and  Hamburg,  into  the  customs-union,  lias  been  a  meat  improvement,  lint  the 
importations  which  are  giyen  as  coming  from  other  European  countries,  such  as  England,  Holland, 
and  Belgium,  include  largely  cotton  from  the  United  States. 


COTTON  CONSUMPTION  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


87 


In  1892  the  importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Germany  was  154,4S4  tons 
from  the  United  States,  49,539  tons  from  British  East  India,  12,423 
tons  from  Egypt,  10,058  tons  from  Great  Britain,  4,355  tons  from  Bel- 
gium, 1,924  tons  from  Holland,  2,475  tons  from  Austria,  575  tons  from 
Italy,  and  2,655  tons  from  Holland  East  India,  making  a  total  of 
259,742  tons  for  the  year. 

GERMAN  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  importation  of  cotton  yarns  and 
cotton  goods  into  Germany  in  tons: 


Years. 

Cotton 
yams. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Tears. 

Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton 
goods. 

1880 

Tons. 
13, 132 
16, 475 
18, 075 
21, 947 
22, 140 
20,  811 

Tons. 
1,387 
1,392 
1,477 
1,545 
1,617 
1,544 

1886 

Tons. 
22, 186 
20,  969 
21,768 
21, 927 
18, 808 
15, 871 

Tons. 
1,419 

1881    

1887 

1,294 

1882 

1888 

1,298 

1883 

1889 

1,417 

1884  . . . 

1890 

1,462 

1885 

1891 

1,503 

The  following  shows  the  exports  in  tons : 


Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton  goods. 

Years. 

Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton  goods. 

Years. 

Fine 
■woven. 

Coarse 
woven. 

Fine 
woven. 

Coarse 
woven. 

1880 

Tons. 
11,  584 
10,  371 
10, 667 
8,177 
7,187 
7,211 

Tons. 

13,  828 

14,  460 

14. 187 

13,  077 

14,  978 

13. 188 

Tons. 
504 
516 
569 
501 
542 
587 

1886 

Tons. 
7,324 
6,690 
6,407 
6,840 
7,180 
9,613 

Tons. 
14, 478 
16,  936 
15,  874 
14, 837 
15, 458 
16, 713 

Tons. 
568 

1881 

1887 

797 

1882 

1888 

838 

1883 

1889 

817 

1884 

1890 

865 

1885 

1891 

904 

Report  of  James  H.  Smith,  U.  S.  commercial  agent  at  Mayence,  Germany, 

MAY  1,  189S. 

The  consular  district  in  which  I  am  located  is  not  at  all  given  to  the 
manufacturing  of  textiles,  or  large  dealing  in  them,  and  consequently 
does  not  afford  a  field  for  gathering  reliable  information  of  the  kind 
desired  by  the  Senate  Committee  on  Agriculture,  at  whose  instance  the 
original  Department  circular  was  issued. 

This  is  rather  a  fertile,  wine-growing  region,  and  the  chief  industries 
are  the  production  and  selling  of  wine,  farming,  preserving  of  fruits, 
and  the  making  of  leather,  furniture,  chemicals,  aniline  colors,  Portland 
cement,  agricultural  fertilizers,  agate-ware,  etc.  The  Senate  committee, 
as  1  understand  the  Department  circular,  want  statistics  of  accuracy 
regarding  the  growth  and  consumption  of  cotton  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  that  an  intelligent  consideration  may  be  made  of  the  subject  of 
enlarging  and  improving  the  cotton  industry  of  the  United  States. 
Such  statistics  I  could  not  furnish  without  having  experienced  cotton 
importers  and  manufacturers  to  talk  to,  and  there  are  none  such  in  my 
district. 


88       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

The  points  in  Germany  at  which  the  desired  reports  ought  to  be  the 
most  satisfactorily  made  are,  in  my  opinion,  Kehl  and  Freiburg,  in 
Baden,  which  comprehend  Alsace-Lorraine,  and  Plauen  and  Chemnitz, 
in  Saxony,  concerning  manufactured  goods;  and  Bremen  and  Hamburg 
as  to  importations  and  exportations.  Plauen  is  at  present,  I  believe, 
the  leading  place  in  Germany  for  the  weaving  of  white  cotton  goods; 
Chemnitz  is  noted  for  its  hosiery;  and  Mulhausen,  in  Alsace,  is  the 
center  of  a  region  long  celebrated  for  the  high  quality  and  extensive- 
ness  of  its  cotton  manufactures.  There  are  also  other  parts  of  Germany 
where  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  is  of  importance,  such  as  Baden, 
Wurtemberg,  Bavaria,  Silesia,  and  Westphalia ;  but  Saxony  and  Alsace- 
Lorraine  are  the  chief  centers. 

Cotton  manufacturing  is  a  great  industry  in  Germany.  The  Empire 
is  now  the  third  largest  cotton-manufacturing  country  in  the  world, 
being  surpassed  by  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  only.  The 
acquisition  of  Alsace-Lorraine  added  enormously  to  the  number  of  its 
spindles.  Bremen  is  a  great  cotton  port,  and  the  largest  for  cotton 
mportations  in  the  world  after  Liverpool. 


Report  of  A.  H.  Loivrie,  U.  S.  consul  at  Freiburg,  Germany. 

AUGUST  8,  1893. 

The  quantity  of  cotton  imported  into  this  district,  which  includes 
southern  Baden  and  Alsace,  aggregated  about  18,000,000  pounds,  pur- 
chased in  the  United  States,  Egypt,  and  India. 

By  far  the  largest  part  (over  75  per  cent)  came  from  the  United 
States,  and  was  bought  in  Charleston,  Galveston,  and  New  Orleans. 

The  quantity  of  wool  cousumed  is  very  much  less,  and  is  purchased 
in  Belgium,  France,  and  Germany.  A  small  lot  was  imported  from 
South  America. 

In  addition  to  cotton  and  wool  there  is  considerable  silk  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  mixed  goods.    The  silk  comes  from  France  and  Italy. 

There  is  no  jute  used  in  this  district,  neither  is  there  a  tendency  to 
substitute  other  fibers  for  cotton. 

This  section  of  country  is  much  more  celebrated  for  its  cloth  printing 
than  for  cloth  making.  The  machinery  necessary  to  do  this  work  is 
very  elaborate  and  quite  expensive;  the  dyes  used  are  the  very  best 
that  the  German  laboratories  can  produce;  the  designs  or  patterns, 
which  must  be  new  and  original,  are  usually  quite  artistic,  the  result 
of  cultured  brain  and  trained  pencil;  much  labor,  which  is  abundant, 
reliable,  and  very  cheap — all  of  which,  working  together,  has  given  to 
that  industry  which  is  carried  on  in  Alsace  a  world-wide  reputation. 
Flannels  from  Saxony,  woolens  from  Austria,  are  sent  here  to  be 
printed.  Even  cotton  goods  in  considerable  quantities  are  sent  over 
to  be  bleached,  dyed,  and  printed,  then  reshippcd  to  the  sender. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  89 

Report  of  John  B.  Hawes,  U.  8.  consul  at  Beichenberg,  Bohemia. 

JUNE  7,  1893. 

I  regret  to  say  that  although  this  is  an  industrial  center  and  enor- 
mous quantities  of  cotton  are  manufactured  in  this  neighborhood,  I 
have  been  unable  to  procure  the  information  necessary  to  answer  the 
Department's  inquiries. 

I  expected,  however,  no  difficulty  in  procuring  a  statement  of  the 
exportation  and  importation  of  cotton  from  and  into  Bohemia,  but  the 
figures  do  not  exist;  they  have  never  been  collected. 

The  scope  of  the  Senate  investigation  being  the  enlargement  and 
betterment  of  the  cotton  industry  of  the  United  States  through 
enlarged  consumption,  I  feel  authorized  to  quote  from  my  dispatches 
Nos.  24  and  29,  dated  September  5  and  November  3,  1887,  in  regard  to 

DEFECTIVE  PACKING  OF  AMERICAN  COTTON. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  call  the  Department's  attention  to  a  matter  which  seriously 
affects  trade  in  one  of  our  most  important  commodities,  and  to  urge  that  the  subject 
receive  the  attention  which  it  merits. 

By  far  the  greatest  importation  from  the  United  States  into  this  consular  district 
is  cotton.  The  exact  amount  of  this  importation  it  is  impossible  to  learn,  as  import- 
ers invariably,  perhaps,  understate  to  reduce  their  taxation,  but  in  a  district  like 
this,  full  of  spinning  mills,  the  importation  is  enormous. 

It  is  estimated  that  60  per  cent  of  the  cotton  imported  is  American.  American 
cotton  is  recognized  to  be  the  best,  but  there  is  one  serious  objection  to  it,  the  rem- 
edying of  which  is  in  the  hands  of  the  American  packer,  that  is  careless  packing. 

I  have  recently  been  shown  a  warehouse  rilled  with  hundreds  of  bales  of  cotton. 
In  one  end  was  the  Indian  cotton  and  in  the  other  the  American. 

The  Indian  cotton  was  in  bales  little  more  than  half  the  size  of  American  and  yet 
weighing  within  a  few  pounds  as  much.*  Each  bale  was  encircled  with  a  contin- 
uous piece  of  strap  iron  making  fourteen  or  fifteen  turns.  The  cotton  was  wrapped 
in  coarse  sacking  which  the  iron  had  thoroughly  protected.  An  examination  of  the 
end  of  the  bale  showed  the  cotton  so  firmly  pressed  that  it  was  as  hard  as  wood. 

The  American  cotton  was  wrapped  also  in  bagging  and  each  bale  was  encircled 
by  not  more  than  half  a  dozen  iron  straps.  Nearly  every  bale  had  burst  open  and 
larger  or  smaller  quantities  of  cotton  were  protruding,  and,  of  course,  more  or  less 
had  been  lost  in  shipment. 

If  the  American  bales  were  compressed  to  nearly  half  their  present  size  and  more 
strongly  packed,  I  am  sure  it  would  affect  favorably  the  sales  of  American  cotton 
here  and  elsewhere  and  American  cotton  growers  can  not  afford  to  neglect  any  means 
of  this  kind  if  they  would  compete  with  their  Indian  rivals. 

The  smaller  space  occupied  by  the  bales  of  Indian  cotton  is  in  itself  greatly  in 
its  favor,  and  surely  our  presses  in  America  are  as  powerful  as  those  used  in  India. 

The  American  cotton  bale  as  received  here,  has  always  about  the  following 
dimensions:  68  by  22  by  30  inches,  and  weighs  about  500  pounds,  worth  about 
5J  pence,  English,  per  pound. 

The  Indian  bale  measures  about  49  by  21  by  16  inches  and  weighs  over  400  pounds, 
valued  at  about  4£  pence  per  pound. 

A  limited  amount  of  Egyptian  cotton  is  also  received  here  and  is  only  excelled  in 
quality  by  our  Sea-Island  cotton;  it  is  worth  about  t!/,,  pence  per  pound.  Tho 
bales  measure  51  by  32  by  23  inches,  and  weigh  about  700  pounds. 

Cotton  bales  are  bandied  by  stevedores  by  means  of  iron  hooks,  by  which  they 
are  enabled  to  " get  a  hold  on'' the  bale.  Each  time  such  a  hook  is  used  on  an 
American  bale  a  rent  is  left  through  which  the  loosely  packed  cotton  escapes. 

On  August  11  last  the  steamship  City  of  Montreal  was  burned  at  sea  during  her 
voyage  from  New  York  to  Liverpool.     Her  cargo  was  largely  American  cotton.     An 

*  Mr.  Hawes  is  in  error  about  Ihis  an  the  average  net  weight  of  American  bales  in  season 
of  1887-88  was  475  pounds,  ichile  the  average  net  weight  of  East  Indian  bales  was  395 
pounds.  This  represents  the  usual  difference  in  weight  of  bales  of  American  and  Indian 
cotton. 

Alf.  B.  Shepperson. 


90      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

investigation  was  ordered  by  the  Board  of  Trade  at  Liverpool  with  the  view  of  ascer- 
taining the  cause,  and  the  following  facts  were  brought  out : 

The  cotton  shipped  on  the  steamship  City  of  Montreal  was  free  from  oil,  grease, 
or  dust.  Several  samples  were  forwarded  to  Liverpool  and  examined  by  Dr.  Dupre", 
professor  of  chemistry,  and  they  were  found  to  be  very  clean  and  free  from  dirt. 

While  the  cotton  was  being  loaded  the  utmost  precaution  was  taken,  electric 
lights  being  used  and  workmen  not  being  allowed  to  smoke. 

The  question  whether  the  fire  had  been  caused  by  the  cotton  being  too  near  the 
boiler  or  engine  room  was  answered  in  the  negative  by  Dr.  Dupre,  who  stated  that 
a  temperature  of  at  least  1,000  degrees  is  necessary  to  cause  combustion.  The  cot- 
ton could  be  put  on  top  of  the  boiler  without  danger. 

The  board  of  trade  also  occupied  itself  with  the  question  as  to  whether  American 
cotton,  as  it  is  now  packed,  would  readily  ignite,  and  what  steps  could  be  taken  to 
avoid  such  ignition? 

The  evidence  produced  showed  that  American  cotton  is  packed  in  bagging  of  the 
worst  quality,  which  is  very  easily  torn.  This  bagging  is  so  loosely  woven  that  the 
cotton  can  be  seen  through  it.  The  ends  of  the  bales  are  often  not  covered  at  all, 
or  only  partly  covered,  so  that  the  cotton  escapes.  The  steel  bands  are  so  badly 
riveted  that  they  often  get  loose  and  spring  off  and  consequently  the  bales  are  very 
often  put  on  board  in  a  very  bad  condition,  the  cotton  protruding  at  the  sides  and 
ends.  In  this  condition  they  are  very  liable  to  take  fire,  should  a  spark  come  in 
contact  with  them.  Mr.  Dupre"  states  that  under  these  circumstances  fire  spreads 
with  the  rapidity  of  gunpowder. 

Further  testimony  showed  that  Indian  or  Surat  cotton  is  much  better  packed. 
The  bales  are  pressed  very  hard  and  have  thick,  closely  woven,  and  strong  bagging, 
through  which  no  cotton  is  seen.  They  are  bound  with  steel  hoop  iron,  which  makes 
from  13  to  14  turns,  and  is  riveted  very  strongly. 

Cotton  seldom,  therefore,  escapes  from  these  bales.  A  spark  falling  upon  such  a 
bale  would  probably  be  extinguished  without  causing  fire.  Other  experts  also 
testified  as  to  the  great  difference  between  American  and  foreign  bales,  and  agreed 
that  the  former  would  ignite  from  ten  to  twenty  times  as  easily  as  the  latter. 

The  question  as  to  whether  American  or  Indian  cotton  is  more  liable  to  spontane- 
ous combustion  showed,  upon  investigation,  that  the  American  cotton  was  much 
cleaner  than  the  Indian  article.  Samples  of  the  cotton  shipped  by  the  steamship 
City  of  Montreal  contained  2  per  cent  dampness,  7  per  cent  greasy  matter,  1  per 
cent  resinous  matter,  1.56  per  cent  organic  matter  soluble  in  water,  1.46  per  cent 
organic  matter  not  soluble ;  in  all,  about  12  per  cent  of  foreign  substances,  while 
the  Indian  cotton  contained  about  17  per  cent  of  impurities.  These  substances, 
however,  were  not  sufficient  to  cause  spontaneous  combustion. 

Cotton  containing  much  oil  or  grease  will  spontaneously  ignite  at  a  temperature 
of  250°  F.,  but  such  ignition  on  the  City  of  Montreal  was  out  of  the  question. 

The  board  was  unable  to  determine  whence  came  the  spark  that  destroyed  the 
steamer  in  question,  but  evidence  showed  that  matches  and  other  combustibles  had 
been  found  in  the  hold  of  steamers  among  the  bales  and  that  fire  had  been  caused  by 
a  bursted  hoop  striking  fire.  "But  one  thing  is  certain,"  concludes  the  report,  "if 
this  cotton  had  been  packed  like  the  Surat  cotton  there  would  be  less  probability 
that  the  fire  was  caused  by  a  bursted  hoop,  and  the  same  would  probably  not  have 
spread  had  a  match  or  other  combustible  ignited." 

I  had  hopes  at  the  time  of  making  these  reports  that  an  improve- 
ment might  take  place,  especially  as  the  Department  seemed  to  interest 
itself  in  the  matter,  but  I  regret  to  say  that  American  cotton  arrives 
here  today  in  just  the  same  condition  as  in  1887. 


Report  of  E.  P.  T.  Hammond,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Buda-PestJi,  Hungary. 

AUGUST  IS,  1898. 

This  part  of  the  Austro-Huugarian  Empire  under  my  jurisdiction 
has  no  cotton  industry  to  speak  of,  a  few  small  factories  existing,  and 
the  industry  can  only  be  said  to  be  in  its  infancy. 

Hungary  is  essentially  an  agricultural  country,  while  Austria  is  the 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


91 


manufacturing  portion  of  the  Empire.  The  centers  of  the  cotton  indus- 
try in  the  Empire  are  the  Tyrol,  Upper  and  Lower  Austria,  and  Bohemia. 

Cheap  labor  is  employed  from  the  rural  districts.  The  spinners 
receive  from  $2  to  $1  a  week;  boys,  froin  75  cents  to  £1.50  a  week; 
female  help,  from  $1.25  to  $2.40  a  week;  clerks  and  a  few  others  a 
little  more.  England  supplies  the  cotton  for  this  Empire,  and  India 
supplies  some,  and  also  jute  for  the  factories. 

Only  since  the  year  1882  have  trade  statistics  been  issued  in  Hun- 
gary, and  I  submit  an  official  table  from  the  year  1883  to  1892  from  the 
statistical  bureau  of  the  Government,  which  speaks  for  itself. 

Details  of  cotton  commerce  in  Hungary. 
IMPORTATION. 


Year. 

Raw 
cotton. 

Cotton 
thread. 

Cotton 
cloth. 

1883 

2F>  ter- 
centner*.* 
18, 039 
15, 131 
14.  27:! 
16,  349 
9,247 
14.  122 

16.  404 
10, 195 
19,391 

17,  319 

Meter- 
centner*. 
77,  600 
63,  225 
53,431 
63, 785 
68, 146 
66,  519 
72, 166 
77, 866 
79, 164 
89, 726 

Meter- 
centners. 
241,927 

1834 

243, 325 
228, 449 

1885 

1886 

253, 482 

1887          

250,  521 

1888        

272  -_-J4 

1889 

269,  916 

1890 

279,  665 

1891 

332.  394 

1892 

335,  885 

'Metercentner  —  220  pounds. 


EXPORTATION. 


1883 
1884 
1 389 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


685 

9,513 

1,  553 

8,  727 

1,706 

8.813 

721 

12,  455 

832 

4. 4:;5 

829 

5.  020 

3,  821 

6,259 

828 

8,853 

724 

8,910 

568 

10,040 

16,706 
17,999 
18,  781 
22,490 
22,154 
20, 582 
22, 033 
23,  202 
24, 349 
26, 515 


To  my  certain  knowledge  a  thorough  trial  has  been  made  to  place 
American  cotton  fabrics  on  this  market  which  was  entirely  unsuccess- 
ful, as  the  prevailing  retail  prices  here  were  no  higher  than  those  asked 
at  wholesale  by  American  manufacturers  for  their  fabrics.  Dealers 
here  will  naturally  buy  in  the  cheapest  market. 


Report  of  Julius  Gohlschmhlt,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Vienna,  Austria. 

APRIL  14,  1893. 

COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

The  centers  of  this  industry  in  this  country  are  Bohemia,  Upper  and 
Lower  Austria,  Tyrol,  and  Voralberg.  They  all  enjoy  the  advantages 
of  cheap  labor  recruited  from  the  rural  populations,  a  ready  market  for 
certain  cheap  goods,  such  as  printed  calicoes  and  parti-colored  cloths, 


92      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

which  so  largely  make  tip  the  distinctive  costumes  of  the  peasantry  in 
the  Slav  provinces;  and  where  establishments  are  situated  in  moun- 
tainous districts  a  further  advantage  is  the  saving  in  steam  through 
using  the  power  of  mountain  streams  as  a  motor.  The  machinery 
employed  is  to  a  great  extent  of  a  modern  type,  and  hand- weaving, 
except  in  poorer  districts  cut  off  from  communication,  and  as  a  domestic 
industry,  has  almost  disappeared. 

Since  1800,  and  ever  since  the  cotton  famine  and  the  opening  of  the 
Suez  Canal,  a  great  change  has  made  itself  felt  as  to  the  sources  whence 
the  raw  material  is  drawn.  The  Liverpool  market  is  now  no  more 
exclusively  regarded  as  the  price  thermometer  by  which  spinners  regu- 
late their  operations.  Indian  cotton  is  more  and  more  gaining  ground, 
and  the  tariff  legislation  of  Austria,  which  mostly  benefits  coarser 
qualities — imposing  as  it  does  the  amount  of  duty  by  weight — is  largely 
instrumental  in  bringing  about  this  result.  It  is  noteworthy  that 
Indian  cotton  landed  at  the  port  of  Trieste  is  being  supplied  to  Switz- 
erland, Germany,  and  Italy,  and  the  favored  position  enjoyed  by 
Austria  in  this  respect,  supposing  the  development  of  the  port  of 
Trieste  to  answer  commercial  expectations,  is  thought  to  promise  well 
in  the  future. 

The  importation  of  yarns,  chiefly  English,  continues  to  increase. 
They  are,  however,  almost  exclusively  made  up  of  fine  numbers.  In 
the  production  of  these,  manufacturers  have  not'  as  yet  been  able  to 
oust  foreign  competition. 

The  cotton-spinning  industry  in  Austria,  especially  in  Bohemia,  is 
highly  developed  and  the  product  compares  favorably  with  that  of 
England,  which  has  the  most  highly  developed  cotton  industries.  The 
spinning  machines  are  not  made  here,  but  must  be  bought  abroad, 
mostly  from  England  and  Switzerland;  coal  is  highly  priced,  and  these 
two  items  are  an  offset  to  cheap  labor.  The  weekly  earnings  of  a 
spinner  are,  according  to  local  conditions,  from  5  to  10  florins,  or  $2  to 
$4;  boys  earn  from  75  cents  to  $1.50  a  week;  the  other  operations  are 
done  by  female  help  mostly,  whose  wages  range,  according  to  work  and 
locality,  from  3  to  6  florins  per  week,  or  $1.20  to  $2.35.  The  carding 
and  spinning  masters'  and  clerks'  wages  are  from  20  to  30  florins,  equal 
to  $8  to  $12  per  week.  Eleven  hours  constitute  a  day's  work,  the 
working  hours  being  from  6  o'clock  a.  m.  to  6  o'clock  p.  m.,  with  one 
hour  for  dinner.  The  authorities  are  empowered  by  law  to  permit  an 
extension  of  the  hours  of  labor  for  a  certain  period  not  exceeding  three 
mouths  in  any  one  year  and  not  over  two  hours  per  day. 

In  conclusion,  and  as  a  specimen  of  the  views  held  by  the  trade  in 
Austria,  I  subjoin  a  verbatim  statement  made  to  me  by  an  expert  in 
this  city,  in  which  the  question  as  to  the  replacement  of  cotton  fibers, 
as  propounded  by  the  Senate  Committee  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry, 
will  likewise  be  found  answered: 

The  repeated  raising  of  the  customs  duty  on  cotton  manufactures  was  naturally 
followed  by  an  enormous  development  of  this  industry  during  recent  years.  It  may 
safely  be  assumed  that,  as  far  as  spinners  arc  concerned,  the  demand  in  Austria  for 
Nos.  4  to  20  yarns  is  supplied  entirely  by  ourselves.  The  numbers  from  30  up  to  90  are 
likewise  to  a  great  extent  being  spun,  but  in  these  finer  counts  imports  are  as  yet 
considerable,  though  they  have  much  decreased  during  recent  years.  The  same  holds 
good  of  cotton  cloth,  the  imports  of  which  are  limited  to  tine-threaded  specialties, 
imports  in  all  other  articles  being  nil.  I  know  no  product  which,  even  in  small 
quantities,  is  made  use  of  instead  of  cotton,  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  silk,  wool, 
and  jute  are  partly  mixed  with  cotton,  and  that  the  inducement  so  to  mix  them  is 
greater  in  proportion  as  cotton  prices  stand  at  a  low  figure. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


93 


Report  of  Aulick  Palmer,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Dresden,  Saxony. 

JULY  S,  1893. 

Information  obtained  from  the  Saxon  Government  authorities,  the 
bureau  of  statistics,  and  the  various  commercial  bodies  is  that  there 
is  no  record  kept  of  the  exportation  of  cotton  goods  from  this  consular 
district,  or  of  the  prices  thereof. 

After  much  correspondence  and  many  personal  interviews  with  the 
chambers  of  commerce  and  the  principal  manufacturers  of  textile  goods 
in  this  district,  the  only  information  obtainable  in  regard  to  the  ten- 
dency of  other  fibers  competing  with  and  displacing  cotton,  whether 
by  mixing  or  otherwise,  is  that  the  substitution  of  cotton  for  other 
fibers  is  constantly  increasing,  subject  to  the  relative  prices  of  cotton 
in  each  year. 

Table  showing  the  amount  of  cotton  imported  into  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony  for  the  years 

1S80  to  1892. 


Tears. 


1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
18S6 


Eaw  cotton. 


Kilograms.* 
2,084,034 

2, 149,  702 
5, 018, 428 
5, 882,  419 
6,  926,  458 
7,620,479 
8, 595,  075 


Tears. 


1887 
1888 
1889 

1890 
1891 

1692 


Raw  cotton. 


Kilograms. 
9, 105, 648 
10,  657, 614 

13,  334, 703 
15,  057, 941 
15, 639, 965 

14.  263, 360 


'  The  kilogram  is  2£  pounds. 


Report  of  J.  C.  Monaghan,  U.  S.  consul  at  Chemnitz,  Saxony. 


AUGUST  15,  1893. 

I  learn  that  about  30,000  pounds  of  Lisle  threads  come  to  Chemnitz 
from  England  every  week,  to  be  made  up  into  18,000  dozen  pairs  of 
hose,  gloves,  etc.     The  most  of  this  is  No.  40's  double  thread. 

I  find  some  firms  using  a  sort  of  cotton  shoddy,  called  Yigognia, 
made  from  Indian  cotton  waste.  This  finds  its  way  into  underwear 
made  in  the  towns  round  about  Chemnitz.  The  manufactured  articles 
that  contain  this  stuff  find  their  way,  some  of  them  back  to  England, 
and  the  larger  part  to  South  America.  Cotton  yarns  are  so  much  bet- 
ter than  any  of  their  substitutes  that  manufacturers,  as  a  rule,  prefer 
to  use  the  genuine  rather  than  the  adulterated  articles. 

Efforts  have  been  made  to  substitute  cheaper  and  heavier  materials, 
but  with  little  or  no  permanent  success.  Flax,  because  of  its  soft, 
silky  appearance  in  the  raw  state,  lias  been  worked  in  to  give  hosiery 
a  silky  appearance,  but  has  not  resulted  profitably.  A  better  stocking 
came  out,  but  not  good  enough  to  be  substituted  for  silk,  and  too 
costly  to  be  sold  at  the  prices  jmid  for  pure  cotton. 


94 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


The  following-  table  tells  how  much  cotton  (raw)  came  into  the  empire 
last  year,  whence  and  whither : 


From 
United 
States. 

From 
Egypt. 

From 
India. 

To— 

Bales. 

100,  000 
34, 340 
46,  376 

146,800 
96, 345 

Bales. 
115,  000 

Bales. 

Alsace. 

Baden. 

Wiirtemberg. 

Bavaria. 

Saxony. 

Silesia. 

Brandenburg. 

Hanover. 

Westphalia. 

Rhein  province. 

Hessen. 

Hohenzollern. 

Oldenburg. 

Total. 

34, 340 
23, 368 
71,  900 
154, 150 
16, 170 
1,200 
13,  200 

18,  920 

13,  200 

115,  980 

139, 841 

6,600 

49,  947 

707 

2,500 

2,000 

702,  342 

134,  627 

366,  275 

Thus  the  United  States  sells  in  the  Empire  almost  double  the  amount 
sold  by  India  and  more  than  five  times  as  much  as  Egypt.  The  Indian 
is  preferred  for  goods  for  foreign  markets  like  the  East  and  South 
America,  because  it  is  cheap;  the  Egyptian  for  goods  intended  for  our 
markets  because  our  people  prefer  goods  made  from  it. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  that  came  into  Chemnitz  in 
the  years  noted : 


Tear. 


876 

877 
878 
879 

880 

ssi 

8S2 

883 

884 


Eaw  cotton. 


Pounds. 
16,  844,  366 
15, 798,  552 
15, 127, 750 
16, 474, 810 
16,  093,  770 
13, 822,  094 
15,  441. 800 
15, 023, 800 
11, 825, 000 


Cotton  yarn. 


Pounds. 
1,  009,  800 

1,  600,  500 

2,  081,  651 
2, 847, 196 
3, 045, 350 
4, 412, 100 
3, 755,  400 
2, 906,  200 

3,  022. 800 


Tear. 


1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Haw  cotton.    Cotton  yarn. 


Pounds. 
12,  280, 400 
12,  093, 400 
11, 332, 200 

12,  914,  000 
14,  766,  400 
16,  534,  210 
16,  672,  502 

13,  670, 800 


Pounds. 
2, 967,  800 

4,  309,  800 

5,  306,  400 
5, 374,  600 
8, 100,  400 

6,  003,  800 
4,880,194 
9, 212, 566 


The  enormous  increase,  in  yarns  is,  no  doubt,  due  to  the  fact  that 
English  spinners  have  their  agents  right  here  in  Chemnitz,  men  who 
pay  personal  visits  to  the  manufacturers,  entertain  them,  talk  shop, 
and  show  samples,  and  solicit  orders. 

"Before  you  ask  or  urge  us  to  buy  American  cotton  you  must  per- 
suade your  people  to  prefer  goods  made  from  your  own  cotton  to  those 
made  from  Egyptian,"  is  my  answer  when  asking  manufacturers  here 
why  they  prefer  Egyptian  to  American  cotton. 

I  don't-know  that  the  suggestion  is  worth  much,  but  if  planters  could 
combine,  or  find  some  way,  or  dealers  in  cotton,  and  keep  salesmen  in 
one  or  two  large  cities,  with  instructions  to  cover  and  canvass  territory, 
as  do  "drummers,"  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  good  results  noted  in  yarn 
could  be  recorded  for  our  raw  cotton.  Again,  if,  connected  with  the 
consulates,  an  exliibit  room  for  samples  was  opened  it  might  do  much 
to  increase  American  sales. 

The  Egyptian  cotton  is  used  almost  exclusively  in  the  manufacture 
of  gloves  and  hosiery  (Lisle  tin  cad)  intended  for  consumption  in  the 
United  States,  and  is  furnished,  very  much  of  it,  in  the  form  of  yarns 
spun  in  England.     This  is  preferred  for  two  reasons,  (a)  because  it 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  95 

yields  a  smoother  yarn,  a  yarn  free  from  black  spots  of  vegetable  matter, 
that  so  often  mar  other  cottons,  (b)  because  it  has  a  silky  gloss  both  in 
the  raw  and  finished  state.  It  is  also  claimed  that  it  bleaches  and  dyes 
better.  The  sea-island  cotton,  some  of  which  is  also  used,  is  regarded 
as  the  best,  and  is  mixed  with  silk.  Capable  of  yielding  the  finest 
threads,  100s  to  200s,  it  finds  favor  as  a  silk  substitute.  It  comes  also 
as  yarn  from  England. 


Report  of  J.  C.  Monaghan,  U.  S.  consul  at  Chemnitz,  Saxony. 

DECEMBER  29,  1893. 
COTTON   SPINNING  IN   GERMANY. 

Fine  spinning  is  making  rapid  progress  in  Germany,  especially  in 
Saxony. 

SPINDLES  IN  EUROPE. 

In  1892,  exclusive  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  there  were  in  the  Empire 
27  firms  with  upward  of  40,000  spindles  each;  of  these,  10  had  each 
60,000  and  2  over  100,000  each— 1  in  Augsburg,  111,780,  and  1  in  Leip- 
sic,  130,000.  In  Oldham,  the  heart  of  Lancashire,  where  England's 
biggest  firms  are  found,  the  average  number  of  spindles  in  a  spinning 
mill  is  60,000  to  65,000.  The  largest  concern  in  England,  possibly  in 
the  world,  has  450,000. 

Eussian  Poland  has  one  firm — in  Lodz — with  250,000  spindles;  Zurich 
one,  with  247,000. 

Since  1877  German  spindles  have  increased  28  per  cent;  English,  25 
per  cent.  From  1870  to  1878  the  increase  of  spindles  in  England  was 
about  6,000,000;  from  1878  to  1890,  about  1,000,000.  Since  1878  Eng- 
land's spinners  have  been  embarrassed  by  events  begun  in  1874.  The 
strike  of  1892,  due  to  a  reduction  of  pay,  had  its  real  origin  in  the 
unfavorable  conditions  of  England's  cotton-spinning  mills  in  times  as 
far  back  as  above  indicated. 

PRODUCTION  OF  YARN. 

The  production  of  German  yarn  (cotton)  has  more  than  kept  pace 
with  the  increase  in  spindles,  for  new  inventions  in  spinning  mules  and 
frames  have  marked  the  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years.  In  1876  the 
exports  of  yarn  from  England  to  Germany  bore  the  ratio  of  17£  to  100 
compared  with  Germany's  own  production;  in  1891  this  ratio  was 
reduced  to  8  to  100.  The  cause  of  this  is  to  be  found  in  the  creation  of 
large  concerns  (stock  companies)  and  a  better  differentiation  of  labor. 
In  the  production  of  fine  yarns  England's  skilled  spinners  and  splendid 
climate  (naturally  moist  enough  for  fine  spinning)  were  deemed  at  one 
time  to  have  made  this  industry  safe  from  foreign  competition. 

The  skill  and  perseverance  of  Saxon  spinners  since  1879,  and 
especially  since  1887,  have  resulted  in  yarns  fine  as  100  and  120 
English.  In  this  way  the  home  demand  has  been  met,  and  English 
yarns  are  fast  disappearing  from  German  markets,  for  finer  yarns  than 
120  are  not  in  demand.  For  the  last  two  years  Leipsic  and  Chemnitz 
have  been  producing  warp  yarns  which  Germany  could  not  produce 
before  that  date.  In  1891  Bavaria  spun  100,000  kilograms  and  Alsace 
970,000  kilograms  of  yarn  finer  than  60;  Saxony  spun  1,300,000  kilo- 
grams, taking  first  place  among  German  states  in  spinning. 

All  this  has  been  accomplished  by  attention  to  details,  by  selecting 


96 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


or  sorting  the  cottons,  by  keeping  the  spinning  machines  clean  and  in 
excellent  running  order,  by  projecting  vapors  into  the  spinning  room, 
etc. 

It  has  paid,  perhaps,  but  poorly;  but  it  is  some  satisfaction,  say 
spinners,  to  pluck  from  England  some  of  her  long-worn  laurels.  Eng- 
land, too,  has  been  spurred  to  new  efforts.  Firms  here  that  spun  fine 
have  gone  back  to  coarse,  not  finding  profit  enough  in  Nos.  80,  90, 100, 
and  120.  In  conversation  with  leading  spinners  I  have  learned  that 
sea  island  and  Egyptian  cottons,  i.  e.,  long-staple  cottons,  are  best 
suited  to  fine  spinning.  I  learned  also  that  a  warm  vapor  in  the  spin- 
ning and  weaving  room  is  best  suited  to  fine  work;  still  further,  that 
Switzerland  and  Alsace,  both  more  mountainous  than  New  England, 
and  almost,  if  not  fully,  as  dry,  spin,  or  have  spun,  as  fine  yarn  as  the 
mules  and  frames  of  England. 

Slowly,  surely,  steadily,  by  honest,  earnest,  intelligent  effort,  German 
spinners  have  fitted  themselves  to  compete  with  England,  not  only  here 
but  in  other  markets  wherein  her  monopoly  seemed  sure.  Possessed 
of  great  patience,  unrivaled  powers  of  imitation,  schools  in  which  their 
industrial  captains  are  splendidly  trained,  economical  in  the  use  of 
material  and  in  the  avoidance  of  losses,  the  Germans  face  the  future 
determined  to  meet  England  in  yarns,  cloths,  and  other  manufactures. 

Number  of  spindles  in  Germany. 


Districts. 


Number.     Per  cent. 


Prussia 

Alsace-Lorraine 

Bavaria 

Saxony  

Wiirtemburg  . . . 
Batien    

Total 


1,  344, 250 
1,  400,  000 
1, 165,  636 
1,331,427 
435,  885 
395, 134 


6,  072, 332 


22.2 

23 

19.1 

22 
7.2 
6.5 


100 


A  single  city  in  Massachusetts  (Fall  Eiver),  as  far  back  as  1877,  had 
1,284,701  spindles,  almost  as  many  as  either  Prussia,  Alsace-Lorraine, 
or  Saxony. 


Report  of  T.  W.  Peters,  TJ.  S.  commercial  agent,  at  Plauen,  Saxony. 


AUGUST  4,  1893. 

Cotton  textile  industry  of  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony,  and  of  Vogtland 
especially : 

The  most  important  branch  of  the  textile  industry  of  Saxony,  in  fact, 
of  entire  Germany,  is  the  cotton  textile  industry,  with  its  center  in  the 
Zwickau  district,  which  is  divided  into  two  chambers  of  commerce  dis 
tricts,  Chemnitz  and  Plauen. 

60  to  65  per  cent  of  the  raw  cotton  used  is  imported  from  North 
America;  British  East  India  furnishes  20  per  cent;  Egypt,  5  to  8  per 
cent,  besides  a  small  quantity  from  the  JJutch  Indies  and  South 
America. 

IMPORTATION  OF   COTTON  TO   GERMANY  IN   1892. 

The  entire  importation  for  the  year  1892  amounted  to  531,132,452 
English  pounds,  valued  at  $49,884,800.    Of  this  amount  there  was 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  97 

imported  from  the  United  States  340,575,046  English  pounds,  valued 
at  $31,986,865;  from  Egypt,  27,388,848  English  pounds,  valued  at 
$2,572,360:  from  Dutch  Indies,  109,214.340  English  pounds,  valued  at 
$10,257,410,  leaving  unaccounted  for,  $5,068,165. 

It  was  formerly  the  custom  to  purchase  the  cotton  in  Liverpool,  but 
it  is  now  purchased  in  the  land  of  its  growth. 

In  1892  Germany  purchased  91  per  cent  of  its  cotton  from  the  land 
of  its  origin. 

In  Saxony,  as  well  as  in  all  Germany,  the  coarser  and  middle  grades 
of  yarns  are  spuu;  the  protective  tariff  on  these  yarns  amounts  to  12 
per  cent  ad  valorem,  while  on  the  line  yarns  the  tariff  is  only  7  per  cent. 

The  consumption  of  cotton  in  Saxony,  in  1892,  amounted  to  136,215 
bales:  of  these,  76,345  bales  were  North  American  product,  53,950  bales 
were  East  Indian,  and  5,920  from  Egypt. 

The  German  cotton-yarn  market  is  still  being  ruled  by  England, 
especially  in  the  finer  numbers,  but  the  German  spinneries  are  gradu- 
ally manufacturing  these  finer  yarns.  The  large  spinnery  at  Lindenau, 
near  Leipzic,  which  has  130,000  spindles,  state  that  they  will  soon  be 
in  position  to  cover  two-thirds  of  the  demand  in  fine  grades  in  the 
weaving  district  of  Barmen  and  Elberfeld,  which  consumes  annually 
about  5,500,000  pounds. 

The  German  spinneries  of  Vigogne  are  situated  mostly  in  Saxony, 
Crimmitschau,  Werdau,  and  vicinity. 

The  Vigogne  yarns  are  spun  containing  from  0  to  100  per  cent  of  wool, 
this  depending  on  the  manufacture  for  which  they  are  intended;  the 
so-called  small  quality,  containing  from  5  to  20  per  cent  of  wool,  is  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  overcoating  in  Saxony,  also  in  the  cotton  manu- 
facture of  Munchen-Gladbach,  Eheydt  (Ehenish-Prussia)  in  Sax,  Lau- 
sitz,  and  Stuttgart. 

Saxony  has  83  Vigogne  spinneries,  with  575,000  spindles,  using  annu- 
ally 133,000  bales  of  cotton. 

In  the  year  1892,  6,672,442  pounds  Vigogne  yarn,  amounting  in  value 
to  $1, 152,634,  was  exported,  almost  exclusively  to  England.  In  1893, 
including  May,  2,479,954  pounds  of  yarn  was  exported — 2,0S3,567  pounds 
to  England ;  185,406  pounds  to  Switzerland;  121,914  pounds  to  Austria. 

WAGES. 

English  competition  has  caused  the  lowering  of  wages,  as  the 
English  workman  turns  out  more  work  owing  to  a  better  division  of 
labor.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  while  in  England  5  workmen  han- 
dle 1,000  looms,  in  Germany  8  men  would  be  necessary.  The  wages 
are  as  follows : 

Curtain  •weavers:  Dollars. 

Inelsnits per  annum . .  238 

Auerbach do 300 

Piecework,  Auerbach do 154  to  190 

First-class  weavers  for  Congress  staffs per  week..  2.38  to  2.85 

Old  hands,  weavers  for do 1.  45 

First-class  men  at  hand  looms  do 3.  60  to  4.  35 

Workmen  on  hand  looms  for  cheap  quality do 2.  85  to  3.  60 

Workmen  in  weaving  establishments  do 1.  45  to  3.  85 

Embroiderers  on  hand  machines do 2.  85  to  4. 80 

Embroiderers  on  Schiffcheu  machines do 3.60  to  6.00 

Job  embroiderers  on  Schiffchen  machines do 6.  65  to  7. 15 

Girls,  threaders,  and  layers : 

Over  16  years .' do 1.87  to  2. 38 

Under  16  years do 1.10  to  1.87 

Children do 48  to    .60 

Girls,  ironing  and  laying do 2. 15  to  4.  30 

COT — VOL   2 7 


98       COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  H.  J.  Dunlap,  TJ.  8.  commercial  agent  at  Filrtli,  Bavaria* 

APRIL  25,  1893. 

As  this  district  does  not  lie  in  a  cotton -producing  country,  and  there 
being  neither  spinning  or  weaving  mills  in  the  district,  I  am  unable  to 
supply  either  information  or  statistics.  As  a  rule,  however,  the  Ger- 
mans do  not  make  use  of  any  great  quantity  of  cotton  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. The  use  of  cotton  goods  for  underwear  or  dress,  such  as  is 
included  in  the  terms  calico,  shirtings,  and  sheetings,  is  very  small. 
Linen  is  generally  used  for  shirtings  and  underwear,  for  table  and 
bed  use,  and  either  woolen  or  mixed  goods  for  dresses.  In  this  part  of 
Germany  it  would  be  a  rarity  to  see  a  woman  wearing  a  calico  dress. 

The  use  of  cotton  for  bedquilts  is  also  wholly  unknown,  the  cover- 
ing always  consisting  of  linen  cases  filled  with  feathers.  Among  the 
peasantry  or  country  people  the  quantity  of  cotton  goods  actually 
used  is  very  small. 


Report  of  Modesto  Pineiro,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Santander,  Spain. 

OCTOBER  6,  1892. 

Cotton  is  not  produced  or  grown  in  the  Kingdom  of  Spain. 

There  is  only  one  calico  factory  in  this  consular  district, which  imports 
about  1,000  bales  of  American  cotton  per  annum. 

I  regret  to  say  it  is  impossible  to  give  the  statistics  asked  for,  as  no 
books  are  published  on  the  subject. 


Report  of  Mr.  Neicson,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Malaga,  Spain. 

SEPTEMBER  19,  1892. 

The  cottons  grown  at  Granada  and  Almeria  are  merely  experimental, 
and  there  is  really  no  cotton  for  commercial  purposes  grown  in  this 
country. 


Report  of  Herbert  W.  Boicen,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Barcelona,  Spain. 

XOYKMI5ER  16,  1892. 

Cotton  is  not  grown  in  this  part  of  Spain,  and  the  raw  cotton  that 
is  imported  here  is  retained  for  manufacturing  purposes,  and  is  not 
exported  forthwith  to  other  countries,  as  frequently  happens  in  Bel- 
gium, England,  Germany,  and  France. 

The  statistics  that  1  give  are  those  that  I  have  been  collecting  for 
two  years.  Statistics  for  all  preceding  years  can  only  be  obtained  from 
the  custom-house  at  Madrid,  so  I  have  been  informed  by  the  collector 
of  this  port. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  99 

Value  of  raw  cotton  imported  into  Barcelona. 


Prom- 


1890. 


France 

England 

Belgium 

Italy 

Asia 

Africa 

United  States 
Germany  


$1, 746,  819 

59, 040 

55, 833 

148,  702 

1, 003, 919 

1, 405, 487 

9, 844,  595 

2,435 


$1, 860,  365 

466, 001 

10,127 

964,  793 

>   782, 460 

'  11, 481,  772 
1,142 


Report  of  A.  J.  Benstisan,  JJ.  8.  consul  at  Cadiz,  Spain. 

JULY  1,  1893. 
COTTON-GROWING. 

Having  never  been  experimented  in  this  district,  it  is  of  course 
impossible  to  give  the  cost  of  production. 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

That  is  to  say,  the  use  and  employment  of  manufactured  cotton  is, 
however,  important,  particularly  of  all  kinds  of  white,  dyed,  and  printed 
textures,  as  well  as  of  woven  and  knit  goods,  but  all  of  which  are  manu- 
factured in  Spain. 

Muslins,  piques,  gauze,  quilting,  and  cotton -mixed  stuffs,  bagging, 
etc.,  are  imported  both  from  England  and  France. 

STATISTICS. 

Books  and  statistics  on  cotton-growing  have  not  been  published  in 
this  district  so  far  as  I  know. 


Report  of  George  W.  Pepper,  U.  S.  consul  at  Milan,  Italy. 

MAY  29,  1893. 

Lombardy,  but  more  especially  the  southern  provinces  of  Italy,  culti- 
vated cotton  during  the  war  of  secession  in  America.  The  quality  was 
never  good,  however,  the  fiber  being  short  and  rather  coarse.  Later, 
its  cultivation  was  entirely  abandoned,  except  in  a  small  portion  of 
Sicily,  where  an  excellent  quality  is  still  raised  to  a  limited  extent. 

The  importation  and  exportation  of  raw  cotton,  cotton  thread,  and 
cotton  cloth  are  to  be  found  in  the  following  prospectus : 

Xet  importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Italy  from  foreign  countries,  1860  to  1892. 


Year. 

Cwt.     j 

Year. 

Cwt. 

Year. 

Cwt. 

1860 

149,000 

100,000 

27,000 

24,000 

2,  000 

44.  000 

37,000 

81,000 

105,000 

121,006 

114,000 

1871 

105,  000 
125,  000 
216,  000 
231,000 
166.  000 
196,000 
234,000 
225,  IXK) 
251,000 
•Jin.',  ooo 
318,  000 

1882 

483  000 

1861 

1872 

1883  . . . 

450  000 

1862 

1873 

1884 

1868 

1874 

1885  . . . 

1804 

1875 

1886  . 

1865 

1876 

1887  . . . 

631  000 

1866 

1S77 

1888 

618  000 

1867 

1 878 

1889  . . . 

740  000 

1868 

1879  . . . 

1890 

837,  000 

1869 

1880  . 

ism 

1892 

1870 

18S1 

792, 000 

100     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Importation  of  cotton  cloth  into  Italy  from  foreign  countries,  I860  to  1S9S. 


Year. 


I860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1805 
I860 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 


Cwt. 


36,  000 
95,  000 
75, 000 
66,000 
59. 000 
80,  000 
73, 000 
86,  000 
90, 000 
112,000 
88,  000 


L871 
1872 

1873  . 

1874  . 
]  ST.".  . 

1876  . 

1877  . 

1878  . 
1879 
1S80  . 
1881  , 


Tear. 


Cwt. 


100, 000 
98,  000 
105,  000 
102,  000 
126,  000 
121,000 
107,  000 
102, 000 

Ml.  ('HO 
90,  000 
130,  000 


Tear. 


1882 

1883 
1884 
1885 
isso 
1887 
L888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Cwt. 


112,  000 
131,  000 
129,  000 
127, 000 
124,  000 
154,  000 

69,  000 
86,  000 

70,  000 
70,  000 
57,  000 


Importation  of  cotton  thread  into  Italy  from  foreign  countries,  1S60  to  1891. 


Tear. 


•1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
i.m;i 
1865 
1866 
1807 
1868 
1869 
1870 


Cwt. 


21, 
113, 
60, 
44, 
37, 
69. 
74, 
81, 
87, 
97, 
76, 


Tear. 


1871 
1872 

187:: 
1ST  I 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 


Cwt. 


86, 000 

78, 000 

109,000 

lio.oiio 

136,000 

129,000 

89,  000 

65,  ooo 

58,  000 

58,  000 

119, 000 


Tear. 


1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 

1SSS 

1889 

1890 
1891 

1892 


Cwt. 


Exportation  of  cotton  thread  from  Italy  to  foreign  countries,  1860  to  1893. 


Tear. 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 

ISO* 

l.so'.  i 
1870 


Cwt. 


400 

700 
600 
300 
LOO 

400 
■joo 
100 
200 
200 
400 


Tear. 


1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 

ISSO 

1881 


Cwt. 


200 
200 

200 
100 

300 
1,700 
1,  800 
2,800 

800 
L,  500 

7oii 


Tear. 


1882 
1883 
1  SS  1 
1885 
1886 
1887 
L888 
is-.. 
I  SOU 
I  SOI 

1892 


91,  000 
80,  000 
77,  000 
63, 000 
63,  000 
48,  000 
32,  000 
32,  000 
25, 000 
18,000 
16,  000 


Cwt. 


600 
1,000 
1,700 
1,000 
1,700 
3,400 
3,600 
3,100 
2,700 
4,600 
6,000 


Exportation  of  cotton  cloth  from  Italy  to  foreign  countries,  1860  to  1S92. 


Tear. 


1860 
1861 
1862 

1864 

1866 
L867 

!-<■- 
L869 
1870 


Cwt. 


3,000 
3,000 
1,500 

1,1)00 

500 
400 
100 

500 
900 

1,600 


Tear. 


1871 

1874 

L875 

1-70 
IS77 
L878 
1879 

i--i 


Cwt. 


2.400 
1.000 
2,100 
1.800 
3,000 
2.800 
3,900 
3,900 
5,900 
3,800 
8,900 


Tear. 


1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1880 
1887 
L888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
L892 


Cwt. 


3,700 
4,200 
2,800 
4,000 
6,  200 
5,800 
5,800 
6,  900 
9,300 
11,600 
21,400 


This  prospectus  shows  a  vasl  increase  in  the  amonnt  of  raw  cotton 
imported  in  the  last  live  years  over  the  live  years  preceding.  It  is  not 
possible  to  go  into  details  concerning  all  the  countries  from  which  raw 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES  101 

cotton  &  imported  into  Italy.  The  greater  part  of  it  comes  from  India 
and  America.  It  is  not  imported  directly  into  Italy.  The  great  cotton 
manufactories  of  Lombardy  receive  the  raw  material  almost  exclusively 
from  Liverpool,  England.  A  small  amount  comes  from  Switzerland 
and  Germany.  On  the  other  hand,  the  exportation  is  directed  toward 
the  east,  Turkey  and  Egypt  receiving  the  cotton  thread,  while  the 
cotton  cloth  goes  into  the  Levant  and  South  America,  where  it  serves 
the  numerous  Italian  peasants  who  have  emigrated  there. 

Cotton  has  only  one  rival  in  Italy,  which  is  jute.  The  manufacture 
of  articles  made  of  a  mixture  of  jute  with  cotton  forms  a  great  and 
important  industry  in  Lucca,  Tuscany.  In  Lombardy,  however,  this 
rivalry  is  not  serious,  as  jute  tends  rather  to  damage  the  local  produc- 
tion of  hemp  than  of  cotton.  In  regard  to  the  mixture  of  cotton  with 
other  fibers,  the  same  thing  happens  in  Italy  as  in  other  countries, 
which  is  that  cotton  is  mixed  with  silk  to  make  mixed-silk  articles,  of 
which  there  is  always  a  greater  consumption,  because  they  are  cheaper. 
It  seems  that  the  tendency  to  do  this  is  extending  rather  than  decreasing. 

The  great  cotton  industries  of  Italy  are  especially  developed  in  the 
northern  part.  In  one  town  of  Lombardy  alone  there  is  a  manufactory 
which  has  400,000  spindles.  The  great  center  of  the  cotton  industry 
is  around  Lake  Como  and  in  the  Val  Seriana.  It  is  the  chief  industry 
in  the  larger  vdlages  and  towns  of  these  provinces.  Here  the  art  of 
mixing  silk  and  cotton  (in  the  form  of  draperies,  blankets,  shawls,  and 
scarfs)  has  reached  its  highest  development.  In  Italy,  from  1870  up 
to  the  present  time,  it  is  calculated  that  the  number  of  spindles  un- 
winding cotton  thread  has  increased  from  500,000  to  1,800,000.  Also 
the  manufacture  of  cotton  cloth  is  increasing  enormously.  Owing, 
however,  to  the  necessity  of  importing  the  raw  material,  cotton  cloth 
has  not  yet  come  within  the  means  of  the  poorer  classes.  Its  place  is 
taken  by  a  coarse  but  durable  linen.  Muslin  which  can  be  bought  for 
10  cents  a  yard  in  America  is  sold  in  Italy  for  18  cents  per  yard.  The 
price  of  other  cotton  fabrics  is  on  the  same  grade. 

In  the  entire  Kingdom  of  Italy  there  are  700,000  people  engaged  in 
the  cotton  industry. 


Report  of  H.  Abert  Johnson,  U.  8.  consul  at  Venice,  Italy. 

AUGUST  15, 1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  of  any  description  whatsoever  grown  in  this 
consular  district. 

As  a  cotton  importing  district  Venice  is  relatively  of  very  slight 
importance,  most  of  the  cotton  landed  here  being  received  only  in 
transit  to  other  points.  As  to  cotton  consumption,  it  is,  I  find,  quite 
impossible  to  obtain  statistics  of  the  slightest  reliability  covering  the 
period  from  1861  to  1891. 

There  seems  to  be  no  tendency  to  substitute  other  fibers  for  cotton, 
but  there  is  an  increase  in  the  consumption  due  to  the  manufacture  of 
textile  fabrics  composed  of  mixtures  of  cotton  with  silk,  wool,  linen, 
etc.,  and  the  production  and  consumption  of  such  fabrics  seems  to  be 
increasing  steadily,  satisfying  the  enormous  demand  for  cheap  mate- 
rials for  wearing  apparel.  This  phase  of  the  cotton  industry  has  been 
greatly  favored  by  the  advanced  improvement  in  machinery  for  the 
manufacture  of  textile  fabrics. 


102      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES.  AND 

Report  of  Alexander  S.  Rosenthal,  U.  8.  consul  at  Leghorn,  Italy. 

AUGUST  29,  1893. 

No  fibers  exist  here  which  can  compete  with  or  displace  cotton,  and 
the  tendency  towards  mixing  cotton  with  other  fibers  is  steadily  increas- 
ing, thereby  augmenting  the  consumption  of  cotton. 

There  are  only  a  few  cotton  mills  in  this  consular  district. 

Raw  cotton  landed  at  Leghorn  during  the  years  named. 


Tears. 


From  United 
States. 

From  India. 

From  Sicily. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

1,490 

800 

600 

2,550 

800 

2,400 

450 

650 

3,800 

400 

2,700 

490 

Not  stated. 

3,130 

680 

3,  000 

2,680 

120 

2,900 

300 

.... 

From  the 
Levant. 


1886. 
1887. 
l.-.s*. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893* 


Bales. 


260 
75 


*  From  January  1  to  July  31,  inclusive. 

The  average  weights  of  bales  were  as  follows : 

United  States 481  Pounds  net. 

India 430        "         " 

Sicily 389        "         " 

Levant 355        "         " 


Report  of  Horace  C.  Pugh,  U.  8.  consul  at  Palermo,  Italy. 

MAY  29,  1893. 

I  have  now  the  honor  to  report  that  no  cotton  whatever  is  grown  in 
this  consular  district;  that  there  is  no  importation  of  raw  cotton  to  this 
place;  that  all  threads,  cloths,  and  textiles  are  purchased  from  wholesale 
dealers,  importers,  and  manufacturers  of  Milan  and  Turin,  principally 
the  former,  making  it  impossible  to  obtain  amounts,  values,  and  coun- 
tries of  origin  from  this  place. 

There  are  no  articles  manufactured  here  into  which  cotton  enters 
and  only  a  small  amount  of  flax  rope  made  out-of-doors  by 
extremely  poor  people,  into  which  cotton  might  be  introduced,  but 
even  in  this  the  quantity  would  be  too  insignificant  for  serious  consid- 
eration. 


the 


Report  of  Wallace  S.  Jones,  U.  8.  consul-general  at  Rome,  Italy. 

AUGUST  31,  1893. 

In  1806,  owing  to  Napoleon's  continental  system,  Italian  agricul- 
turists took  up  cotton  planting;  when  their  ports  were  again  opened 
to  commerce,  their  cotton  was  driven  from  the  market  by  our  American 
cotton. 

During  our  civil  war  cotton  culture  was  revived  in  southern  Italy, 
the  Italian  Government  distributing  the  best  seed  to  be  had,  most 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES. 


103 


liberally,  to  the  farmers,  but,  upon  the  restoration  of  peace,  the  in- 
dustry began  to  wane,  until  it  has  entirely  died  out,  American  cotton 
having  again  driven  Italian-raised  cotton  from  the  market. 

Acreage  planted  and  yield  of  cotton  in  Italy. 


Acreage 
plant  I'd. 

Yield. 

Tear. 

In  the  seed. 

In  the  lint. 

Bales  of  500 
pounds. 

Lint  to 
the  acre. 

1864 

Acres. 
217,  :!60 
83.  980 
39,  520 

Pounds. 
137,  060, 000 
39,  600, 000 
29,  260, 000 

Pounds. 
50,  500, 000 
15, 400,  000 
12,760,000 

101,  000 
30,  800 
25,  500 

Pounds. 
232 

1873 

184 

1885 

322 

The  largest  cotton  crop  (101,000  bales)  ever  grown  in  Italy  was  that 
of  18G1.  It  has  been  impossible  to  ascertain  the  cost  of  production. 
Cotton  can  not  be  grown  in  Italy  except  at  considerable  expense, 
because  it  rarely  rains  from  March  to  September  in  that  portion  of  the 
Kingdom  adapted  to  cotton  so  far  as  heat  is  concerned,  and  hence  it 
becomes  necessary  to  irrigate  the  cotton  lands.  Crops  more  profitable 
than  cotton  will  in  future  be  grown  on  these  lands.  What  little  cotton 
was  produced  in  Italy  in  the  past  was  consumed  on  the  spot.  There  is 
neither  import  nor  export  duty  on  raw  cotton  in  Italy. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  in  1892,  for  the  first  time,  Italy  took  more 
American  cotton  than  she  did  of  India  cotton,  which  heretofore  has 
always  been  preferred  on  account  of  its  lower  cost,  notwithstanding  its 
poorer  quality.  Italy  is  gradually  decreasing  her  importation  of  man- 
ufactured goods,  her  own  mills  gradually  supplying  the  demand  for 
home  consumption. 

The  manufacture  of  cotton  has  steadily  increased  in  Italy  since  1867. 
Tho  cotton  industry  now  gives  occupation  to  88,111  hands.  There  are 
1,297,970  spindles.* 

Without  being  able  to  give  figures,  I  may  state,  upon  information 
deemed  reliable,  that  the  tendency  toward  mixing  cotton  with  silk,  wool, 
hemp,  and  flax  (all  products  of  Italy)  in  Italy  is  increasing,  and  that 
this  tendency  increases  the  consumption  of  cotton. 


Report  of  Percy  McElrath,  TJ.  S.  commercial  agent  at  Turin,  Italy. 


JUNE  24,  1893. 
COTTON    GROWING. 


There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  this  portion  of  Italy,  the  severity  of  the 
climate  precluding  its  cultivation.  A  few  years  ago  a  serious  effort 
was  made  to  grow  cotton  in  certain  sections  of  southern  Italy,  but  sev- 
eral successive  years  of  failure  brought  the  experiment  to  an  end. 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

The  amount  of  cotton,  raw  and  manufactured,  imported  into  and 
exported  from  this  district  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain,  as  the  records 

*  These  figures  are  doubtless  too  small,  as  the  U.  S.  consul  at  Milan  estimates  the  spindles 
of  Italy  at  1,S00,000  and  Mr.  Thos.  Ellison  of  Liverpool  estimates  the  number  on  Septem- 
ber SO,  1892,  as  l,6S5,000.—&.  B.  S. 


104     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURED,  AND 

of  the  custom-house  in  this  city  are  kept  in  such  a  manner  as  to  pre- 
clude the  possibility  of  making  any  approximate  estimate.  This  dis- 
trict, which  embraces  the  entire  province  of  Piedmont  and  the  adjoining 
district  of  Lombardy,  has  for  many  years  been  the  center  of  the  cotton 
industry  of  Italy.  These  two  provinces  employ  more  spindles  and  looms 
in  the  spinning  and.  manufacture  of  cotton  than  all  the  rest  of  Italy 
oombined,  and  from  the  continued  growth  of  this  industry  in  this 
province  it  is  fair  to  suppose  that  it  will  continue  to  maintain  its 
position  of  importance.  The  province  of  Piedmont  possesses  exception- 
ally good  water-power,  which  is  almost  universally  employed  as  the 
motive  power  in  the  mills  and  factories,  in  most  instances  in  connection 
with  steam  power,  but  water  is  the  power  relied  upon,  the  steam  being 
merely  subsidiary,  and  being  called  into  use  only  when  the  water  fails. 
The  increase  in  the  number  of  the  operatives  in  the  cotton  mills  in  Pied- 
mont during  the  past  fifteen  years  is  shown  by  the  following  figures : 

1878,  cotton  operatives , 16,097 

1890,       "  "         22,464 

1892,       "  "         25,329 

This  does  not  include  the  home  workers.  The  different  estimates 
that  have  been  made  of  their  number  vary  so  greatly  as  to  render  them 
useless.  It  is  a  fact,  however,  that  in  very  mauy  cottages  throughout 
the  province  hand  looms  and  spinning  wheels  are  in  constant  activity. 
Their  number,  however,  is  yearly  decreasing. 

In  1878  there  were  cotton  factories 139 

Inl890      "         "  "  "         127 

lnl892      "        "  "  "         112 

There  appears  here  a  small  loss  in  the  number  of  factories  since  1878. 
Still,  as  is  shown  above,  the  number  of  hands  employed  has  increased 
since  that  date  over  50  per  cent. 

In  1878  there  were  active  spindles 310, 174 

Inl890     "        "  "  "         397,204 

In  1892      "         "  "  "         382,188 

In  1878  there  were  active  looms 3,  790 

Inl890     "        "  "  "       8,704 

Inl892      "        "  "  "       10,975 

During  this  period  the  number  of  spinning  mills  slightly  diminished, 
and  there  are  not  so  many  active  spindles  by  a  few  thousaud  as  there 
were  a  few  years  ago. 

The  number  of  looms,  however,  has  increased  threefold,  and  as  most 
of  the  thread  and  yarn  used  by  these  mills  is  produced  and  purchased 
here  in  Piedmont,  it  must  follow  that  at  present,  with  fewer  mills  and 
fewer  spindles,  the  spinners  are  putting  out  a  larger  yearly  product. 
The  thread  spun  in  this  district  is  of  a  particularly  good  quality,  but 
of  the  coarser  numbers,  although  recently  efforts  have  been  success- 
fully made  in  several  mills  to  produce  the  finer  grades.  The  competi- 
tion in  this  class  being  less  keen,  the  chance  for  profit  is  greater.  The 
statistics  for  the  present  year  arc  not  available,  but  the  cotton  industry 
in  this  district  during  I  lie  past  year  lias  materially  increased,  and  there 
are  at  the  present  tune  several  new  and  important  mills  and  factories 
in  the  course  of  construction,  and  several  of  the  old  ones  have  recently 
been  substantially  enlarged. 

The  following  is  a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  number  of 
mills,  amount  of  motive  power,  number  of  spindles  or  looms,  and  num- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


105 


ber  of  operatives  employed  in  the  different  districts  of  the  province  of 
Piedmont : 


Horse  power. 


DC 


Number  of  operatives. 


o  o 

n  to 

=  cS 

"  O 

B  00 

9  ~ 

3  y 

•C  in 


Number  of  spin- 
dles. 


Number  of 
looms. 


District  of  Alex- 
andria: 

1878 

1890 

1892 

District  of  Cuneo: 

1878 

1890 

1892 

District  of  Nova 
ra: 

1878 

1890 

1892 

District  of  Turin 

1878 

1890 

1892 


30 
679 
679 


93 

1,267 
2,064 


158 
1,856 
2,189 


216 

508 
528 


60 
382 

582 


2,  256 
3,053 
3,117 


2,567 
5,437 
5,474 


244  839 
420  774 
364    726 


22 
105 
189 


24 

401 
755 


2, 837  3,  066 
!,  995  4, 130 
3,  079  I  4, 448 


3,270 
3,412 
3,915 


2,521 

7,141 
8,047 


339 

207 
191 


15 

140 
50 


1,447 
1,494 
1,635 


1,  473 
1,  224 
1,496 


20,  568 
49,  594 
46.  026 


3,000 
16,  400 
20,  400 


138,  096 
117,  280 
101,  576 


148, 510 
213, 930 
214, 186 


1, 150 
800 


403 
370 
370 


4,000 
1,000 


1,000 
12,  800 
3,148 


824 
4,250 
5,650 


1,937 
3,367 
4,383 


1.450 
4,975 
6,  003 


41 
238 
117 


126 


147 


263 
948 
229 


607 
1,  589 
1,585 


While  none  of  the  cotton  mills  in  this  district  are  to  be  compared 
with  the  first-class  American  mills,  nevertheless  the  aggregate  amount 
of  raw  cotton  consumed  by  them  each  year  is  very  large.  The  day's 
work  in  the  cotton  mills  and  factories  consists  of  twelve  hours,  with  an 
intermission  of  from  one  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half.  Very  many  of 
the  mills  and  factories  work  the  entire  night,  the  smaller  ones  being 
lighted  with  kerosene,  the  others  with  gas;  electricity  is  now,  however, 
being  rapidly  introduced  into  all  the  leading  mills.  In  the  larger  mills 
the  operatives  work  on  an  average  three  hundred  days  per  year.  The 
average  daily  wages  paid  to  cotton  operatives  in  this  district  are  as 
follows : 


Spinning: 

Men 

Women 

Weaving: 

Men 

Women 


Wages. 


Lira. 

3. 50  to  2. 00 
1. 40  to  1. 00 

3.  50  to  2. 00 
2.50  to  1.00 


United  States 
equivalent. 


Cents. 
67  to  38 
26  to  19 

67  to  38 
48  to  19 


Children  of  either  sex,  spinning  or  weaving,  from  one-half  to  1£  lira 
(equal  to  10  to  29  cents). 

The  lira  is  equal  to  19.3  cents  of  American  money. 

The  cotton  used  in  the  mills  in  this  district  is  American,  Egyptian, 
and  Indian.  The  mills  in  the  district  of  Cuneo  employ  almost  exclu- 
sively American  cotton,  hi  the  great  majority  of  the  other  mills  some 
American  cotton  is  always  used,  and  is  in  most  eases  preferred.  Com- 
plaint is  made  by  some  of  the  mill  owners  who  use  American  cotton,  in 
whole  or  in  part  in  their  mills,  concerning  the  bad  condition  in  which 


106      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

the  American  cotton  is  often  found  on  being  taken  from  the  bales.  The 
difficulty  is  caused,  they  claim,  by  the  cotton  being  dampened  either 
when  baled  or  on  the  voyage,  the  prevalent  opinion  being  that  it  is 
more  often  done  in  baling.  The  result  of  this  dampness  is  to  rot  the 
cotton  and  spoil  the  fiber,  rendering  it  unfit  for  spinning. 

The  threads,  yarns,  warps,  etc.,  produced  in  this  district  are  disposed 
of  almost  without  exception  in  Italy.  The  spinners  themselves  do  not 
export.  The  weaving  factories  in  northern  Italy  have  a  capacity 
sufficient  to  consume  the  entire  product  of  the  spinning  mills,  and  thus 
most  of  their  output  finds  a  home  market  almost  at  their  doors.  The 
same  statement  holds  good  in  relation  to  the  woven  goods  produced 
here.  They  are  manufactured  primarily  with  a  view  to  the  wants  and 
requirements  and  tastes  of  the  Italian  markets,  and  the  great  bulk  of 
the  manufactured  goods  is  disposed  of  in  Italy.  A  very  small  portion 
is  exported  to  the  East. 

SUBSTITUTION  OF  OTHER  FIBERS  FOR  COTTON. 

In  this  district  it  appears  to  be  an  incontrovertible  fact  that  cotton 
is  more  than  maintaining  its  own  position,  and  that  no  other  fibers  are 
being  introduced  to  its  detriment.  The  manufacture  of  hemp  has  recently 
been  steadily  declining,  and  jute,  flax,  ramie,  etc.,  while  manufactured 
here  in  a  small  way,  are  by  no  means  increasing  in  use  in  the  same  pro- 
portion that  cotton  is  coming  into  demand.  The  opinion  is  generally  held 
that  the  mixing  of  cotton  with  other  fibers,  as  employed  here,  tends  to 
increase  the  consumption  of  cotton.  The  great  bulk  of  the  cotton  con- 
sumed here  is  manufactured  without  being  mixed  with  any  other  sub- 
stance, and  its  manufacture  is  increasing  at  present  with  great  rapidity. 

OBSERVATIONS   ON   THE   COTTON  TRADE   IN  THIS  DISTRICT. 

There  is  no  cotton  exchange  or  mart  of  any  description  here.  The 
American  cotton  is  purchased  by  the  larger  spinners  directly  from  New 
Orleans,  Galveston,  and  other  ports.  Nevertheless  a  very  considerable 
quantity  of  American  cotton  is  purchased  at  Liverpool  and  a  compara- 
tively small  quantity  at  Genoa.  Hence  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the 
price  current  here,  as,  in  fact,  there  is  none.  Each  spinner  purchases  as 
best  he  can  at  the  points  above  indicated.  While  there  is  a  very  large 
consumption  of  raw  cotton,  there  is  no  traffic. 

The  same  general  statements  may  be  made  in  relation  to  the  thread, 
yarn,  and  cloth  manufactured  or  sold  in  this  district.  There  is  no  pub- 
lic mart,  no  established  price,  no  quotation  of  values.  Each  manufac- 
turer secures  for  himself  the  best  possible  price  for  his  goods. 

There  is,  without  any  fair  suggestion  of*  a  doubt,  a  large  and  con- 
stantly-increasing field  in  northern  Italy  for  the  further  introduction  of 
American  cotton,  provided  the  district  is  carefully  and  properly  ex- 
ploited. American  cotton  has  a  good  footing  here,  is  well  and  favorably 
known  and  extensively  used,  in  fact  more  extensively  used  than  any 
other  kind  of  cotton.  The  Egyptian  and  Indian  cotton  are  in  very  gen- 
eral use  here,  and  to  supersede  these  with  American  cotton  will  be  no 
easy  task,  although  from  many  sources  come  expressions  of  preference 
for  the  American  product. 

The  parties  interested  in  the  sale  of  cotton  from  other  countries  have 
their  agents  here  on  the  ground  who  in  the  first  place  know  the  people 
and  thoroughly  understand  the  methods  of  business  pursued  here,  and 
in  the  next  place  they  are  indefatigable  in  their  efforts  to  push  their 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  107 

cotton  to  the  front.     It  is  consequently  not  surprising- that  their  cotton 
finds  here  a  ready  and  good  market. 

I  may  add  that  raw  cotton  is  admitted  into  Italy  free  of  duty  by  the 
provisions  of  the  Italian  tariff  law,  and  that  a  rather  high  rate  of  duty 
is  imposed  upon  all  manufactures  of  cotton. 


Report  of  Carl  Bailey  Hurst,  U.  8.  consul  at  Catania,  Italy. 

AUGUST  8,  1893. 

Cotton  is  grown  in  only  two  places  in  Sicily.  One  of  them  is  at  Terra 
Nova,  near  G-ioganti,  on  the  south  coast,  and  which  appertains  to  the 
consular  district  of  Palermo.  The  other  place  is  Biancavilla,  in  the 
province  of  Catania.  Biancavilla  is  on  the  southern  slope  of  Mount 
yEtna,  and  is  distant  from  Catania  about  20  miles. 

The  cotton  is  grown  by  small  proprietors,  who  have  patches  of  land 
producing  five  or  six  hundred  pounds  each.  The  total  area  utilized  in 
the  production  of  cotton  at  Biancavilla  does  not  exceed  3 h,  to  4£  square 
miles,  and  yields  a  total  weight  of  raw  cotton  of  100  to  120  tons  (about 
(J00  bales).  One-half  of  this  amount  is  kept  in  the  region  where  it  is 
grown.  The  remainder  is  sent  to  Naples,  and  up  to  this  time  has  been 
chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  used  in  cotton  mills  there. 

The  cotton  kept  in  the  country  is  twisted  by  hand,  with  simply  a 
distaff  and  the  fingers  of  the  rignt  hand,  into  thread  and  cord,  and 
afterwards  made  into  cloth  on  old-fashioned  handlooms.  A  small 
quantity  of  rope  is  made,  also  by  hand,  and  some  of  the  coarser, 
yellower  parts  of  the  fiber  are  used  in  upholstery. 

During  the  past  four  years  the  quantities  of  raw  cotton  exported 
were  as  follows : 

Pounds. 

1889... 108,623 

1890 29,281 

1891 79,595 

1892 123,815 

During  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States,  I  am  told  by  old  merchants, 
the  production  of  cotton  in  this  district  was  forty  times  as  great  as  it 
is  now ;  but  precise  data  are  not  to  be  obtained. 

The  quality  of  cotton  grown  is  of  a  superior  kind,  and  it  is  known 
on  the  market  as  Biancavilla — the  place  of  its  production.  The  fibers 
are  very  white  and  long,  and  it  is  supposed  to  equal  good  American 
cotton. 

The  seed  used  is  the  same  as  that  produced  on  the  site,  and  when  dry 
is  green  in  color.  During  the  civil  war  seed  was  introduced  from  both 
the  United  States  and  from  Egypt,  by  private  enterprise,  and  given  to 
landowners  to  cultivate.  The  seed  is  planted  in  March,  and  the  crop 
is  gathered  in  November,  which  is  the  early  part  of  the  rainy  season. 
The  seed  is  extracted  in  the  primitive  way,  by  means  of  two  grooved 
wooden  cylinders  turned  by  hand,  and  much  time  is  spent  in  the  opera- 
tion. 

There  is  but  little  land  available  in  my  district  for  cotton-growing, 
and,  in  fact,  in  only  isolated  places  in  all  Sicily.  The  whole  island  is 
very  mountainous  and  the  limited  sections  of  low-lying  ground  adapted 
to  the  growth  of  cotton  can  be  put  usually  to  more  profitable  uses. 


108     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Fifty  square  miles  would  be  a  very  high  estimate  of  all  land  in  Sicily 
available  for  cotton-growing. 

I  am  unable  to  foresee  any  probable  increase  in  the  acreage  of  cot- 
ton plantations,  but  rather  a  diminution.  In  course  of  years,  I  think, 
the  small  production  of  cotton  in  this  district  will  be  crowded  out.  It 
seems  to  exist  rather  from  long  custom  than  on  account  of  actual 
adaptablity  of  the  soil  or  the  necessities  of  the  people. 

The  cost  of  production,  including  all  expenses,  to  the  time  it  reaches 
the  exporter  in  Catania,  averages  about  9  cents  a  pound. 

There  are  no  other  fibers  here  which  compete  with  cotton.  They  are 
imported  in  the  forms  in  wliich  they  are  ultimately  used — in  cloths, 
cordage,  packing,  and  fancy  articles.  The  production  of  ramie  has 
been  unsuccessfully  attempted.  Flax  is  produced  in  unimportant  quan- 
tities near  Aci  Reale  and  near  Oaltagirone. 

No  raw  cotton  is  imported  into  this  province,  nor  are  there  any  cot- 
ton mills,  great  or  small  in  Sicily.  Although  a  number  exist  in  conti- 
nental Italy,  the  erection  of  any  here  has  met  with  signal  failure. 
Motive  power  is  the  hindrance.  Coal  is  imported  and  high  in  price. 
There  is  no  water  power  great  enough  which  can  be  easily  obtained, 
and  even  small  water  power  is  difficult  to  find  on  account  of  the  rarity 
of  streams  which  do  not  run  dry  in  the  summer  months. 


Report  of  James  Verner  Long,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Florence,  Italy. 

JUNE  20,  1893. 

As  to  the  growth  or  production  of  cotton  in  this  consular  district  it 
is  absolutely  unknown,  nor  has  any  effort  to  propagate  this  valuable 
plant  ever  made  any  headway. 

In  the  province  of  Arezzo,  near  Florence,  a  rather  pretentious  attempt 
was  started  some  ten  years  since  to  grow  cotton,  but  without  any  definite 
or  gratifying  result. 

The  conditions  of  the  climate,  although  subtropical  in  character,  and 
the  unavailability  of  the  soil,  may  probably  be  offered  as  intelligent 
reasons  for  the  inability  of  the  Tuscans  to  achieve  any  success  or  prog- 
ress in  the  cultivation  of  cotton. 

Italy  is  unquestionably  a  great  consumer  of  cotton  goods.  From  the 
higher  to  the  lower  classes,  cotton  apparel  at  certain  seasons  and  of 
various  grades  is  very  largely  worn.  The  better  qualities  of  cotton 
stuffs  are  at  present  principally  derived  from  England,  although  the 
Parisian  designs  and  colors  seem  to  be  possibly  more  acceptable  and 
popular. 

Generally  speaking,  I  am  of  the  opinion,  American  cotton  goods  are 
rather  too  fine  in  texture,  and  consequently  higher  in  price,  to  enter 
into  successful  competition  here  with  the  English  manufactures. 

However,  certain  well  known  and  popular  American  brands  are  in 
reasonable  demand,  and  have  been  for  years  past. 

COTTON-SPINNING. 

The  spinning  of  cotton  in  Tuscany  is  conducted  only  by  the  firm  of 
Fratelli  Sciaccalupa,  who  own  and  operate  an  establishment  for  this 
purpose  in  the  Province  of  Lucca,  iiear-by. 

They  have  .570  operatives  (mostly  male),  28,000  spindles,  and  use  2 
Girard  engines  (French),  of  200-horse  power. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  109 

The  industry  of  weaving  in  Tuscany  is  embodied  or  classified  in  two 
processes,  to  wit,  handloom  and  domestic  weaving. 

Within  the  entire  Province  of  Florence  there  is  a  total  of  525  hand- 
looms  in  actual  use  for  the  weaving  of  cotton. 

Regarding  domestic  or  house  weaving,  India  cotton  yarns  number- 
ing from  4  to  12  (warp  and  wool)  are  generally  used;  and  but  a  small 
portion  of  1  to  12  in  factories,  where  almost  all  from  16  to  32  mixed 
India  and  American,  or  entirely  American,  is  in  use. 

Cotton-weaving  in  Tuscany  is  on  a  steady  decline,  owing  to  the  large 
mechanical  establishments  of  the  kind  in  northern  Italy,  and  more 
especially  in  Lombard y,  which  monopolize  the  entire  native  produc- 
tion.   At  Pisa  there  are  4  steam  weaving  mills. 

Relative  to  the  consumption  of  cotton,  in  connection  with  the  amount 
utilized  and  just  mentioned,  there  must  be  added  for  stocking  thread 
some  40,000  packages  of  10  pounds  each. 

PROVINCE   OF  AREZZO. 

The  cotton  industry  in  Arezzo  is  limited  to  the  weaving  of  common 
stuffs,  ribbons,  and  tape,  and  is  conducted  mostly  without  the  assist- 
ance of  mechanical  appliances.  There  are  5  factories  scattered  through- 
out 3  different  communes. 

PROVINCE   OF  BOLOGNA. 

From  the  chambers  of  commerce  of  Bologna,  Ferrara,Reggio,Modena, 
Ravenna,  and  Forli,  I  am  credibly  informed  that  the  consumption  ot 
cotton  in  these  several  provinces  is  practically  of  very  little  consequence 
or  importance,  and  the  small  quantity  in  use  or  demand  is  furnished 
by  the  spinning  establishments  located  in  the  northern  part  of  Italy. 
These  mills  generally  prefer  India  rough  cotton,  for  the  reason  that  it 
is  much  cheaper  than  the  American  product  and  just  as  available  for 
the  purposes  desired. 

The  following  schedule  shows  the  gradual  increase  in  consumption 
of  American  cotton  throughout  the  entire  Kingdom  of  Italy: 


Tears. 

Quantity.* 

Tears. 

Quantity.* 

1886 

Pounds.     1 
27,  574,  900  i 
31,697,800 
50,  366, 300 

1889 

Pounds. 
42,  890,  900 

1887 

1890 

1888 

1891 

*  These  figures  are  only  for  American  cotton.    The  entire  consumption  of  cotton  in  1891  was  about 
160,000,000  pounds.— A.  B.  S. 

Kind  and  weight  of  cotton  imported  from  the  United  Slates  of  America  to  Italy  during  the 
year  1891,  as  published  by  the  Italian  minister  of  finance. 

Cotton  and  cotton  goods :  Pounds. 

Raw  cotton  (free  of  duty) 57,  795, 200 

Raw  tissues 7,  700 

Bleached  tissues 8,  400 

Colored  tissues 3,  700 

Printed  tissues  . 4,  600 

Oilcloths 13,  000 

Laces 16,  500 

Total 57,849,100 


110     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Walter  T.  Griffin,  U.  S.  commercial  agent  at  Limoges  France 


AUGUST  5,  1893. 
COTTON-GROWING. 

There  is  no  cotton  whatsoever  grown  in  this  consular  district.  The 
climate  is  such  as  to  render  any  attempts  in  that  direction  futile. 

COTTON  CONSUMPTION. 

Very  little  cotton  is  brought  into  this  district,  as  there  are  no  facto- 
ries established  that  use  raw  cotton.  Formerly  a  few  handlooms  were 
to  be  found  in  certain  sections,  but  these  have  been  abandoned 
recently. 

It  is  to  be  remarked  that,  among  the  peasantry  as  well  as  the  middle 
classes,  linen  underclothing  and  sheeting  displaces  cotton.  The  tend- 
ency, however,  is  toward  an  increase  in  the  use  of  cotton  fabrics, 
especialty  for  underwear. 

THE  ENLARGEMENT   AND   BETTERMENT  OF  EXPORTATIONS  FROM  THE 
UNITED   STATES,  AND   HOW  IT   CAN  BE   ACCOMPLISHED. 

The  conservative  class  (this  includes  the  great  majority  of  the  pro- 
vincial residents  in  France)  know  comparatively  little  about  cotton. 
The  specimens  and  samples  that  they  have  seen  are  not,  as  a  general 
rule,  very  attractive.  What  the  people  at  large  need  is  to  be  made 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  different  styles  and  classes  of  cotton 
goods  and  stuffs,  the  manner  of  manufacturing,  the  methods  for  employ- 
ing the  goods,  and  the  general  utility  of  cotton  materials  in  the  house- 
hold and  for  personal  usage,  especial  attention  being  given  to  the 
cheapness  of  cotton  stuffs  as  compared  with  linen,  hemp,  or  wool.  In 
order  to  do  this  satisfactorily  and  profitably,  these  goods  should  be 
exhibited  at  all  of  the  annual  departmental  fairs.  The  price  at  which 
these  goods  can  be  bought  at  wholesale  in  the  United  States  should  be 
plainly  marked  on  them  in  the  French  language  and  in  the  money  of 
the  country  in  which  they  are  exposed;  thus  the  small  merchants  could 
see  the  profit  to  be  made  by  purchasing  American  manufactures 
instead  of  native  stuffs,  and  the  eye  of  the  retail  buyer  would  be 
pleased  by  the  variety  and  beauty  of  the  merchandise. 


Report  of  Alton  Angler,  U.  8.  consul  at  Rheims,  France. 

JUNE  22,  1893. 
COTTON  IN  RHEIMS,  FRANCE. 

I  beg  to  report  that  no  cotton  is  grown  or  produced  in  this  consular 
district. 

I  beg  to  report  that  the  consumption  of  cotton  within  this  consular 
district  is  so  small  that  no  statistics  or  records  are  made  or  kept  of 
same. 

I  have  learned  by  diligent  inquiry  that  about  two-thirds  of  the 
cotton  consumed  or  manufactured  in  this  consular  district  is  of  United 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


Ill 


States  growth,  purchased  chiefly  in  Liverpool  and  Antwerp;  the  other 
one- third  is  Egyptian  cotton. 

I  beg  to  report  that  no  substitutes  for  cotton,  such  as  wool,  hemp, 
jute,  flax,  ramie,  etc.,  are  mixed  with  the  cotton,  but,  so  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  ascertain,  the  productions  of  the  cotton  mills  within  this 
consular  district  are  from  pure  cotton. 

I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  books  or  public  documents  giving  any 
information  whatever  on  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  within  this 
consular  district. 


Report  of  Ed.  B.  Fairchild,  TJ.  8.  consul,  at  Lyons,  France. 

JDXE  22,  1893. 

As  to  "cotton-growing,"  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  no  cotton  is  raised 
in  this  district. 

As  to  "cotton  consumption,"  I  can  only  give  a  few  figures  which  are 
furnished  me  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  in  Lyons,  as  "approxima- 
tives." 

And  these  for  the  year  1891. 

Cotton  thread  (single  strand)  it  is  estimated  was  used  in  the  manu- 
factures of  this  city  to  the  extent  of  about  6,700,000  pounds;  double  and 
twisted,  to  the  extent  of  about  one-tenth  of  that — 670,000  pounds. 
This  for  1891. 

The  cotton  thread  (or  cotton  yarn)  most  commonly  used  is  that  which 
is  known  as  "So.  30. 

Almost  no  raw  cotton,  I  understand,  is  consumed  in  this  city. 

As  to  the  price,  number  30  sells  at  present  at  63  to  68  cents  a  kilo- 
gram, which  is  about  28  to  30  cents  a  pound. 

The  double  and  twisted  "cotton  yarn"  is  sold  at  prices  varying 
according  to  the  fineness  of  the  thread,  a  pound  of  the  finest  selling  as 
high  as  $1.54.  The  present  price  is  5  to  10  per  cent  higher  than  it  was 
six  months  ago.     At  that  time  it  was  at  the  lowest. 

As  to  the  mixing  of  cotton  with  other  fibers,  I  learn  that  this  does 
not  prevail  to  any  great  extent. 

As  to  any  tendency  to  replace  cotton  by  other  fibers,  I  am  informed 
that  the  tendency  does  not  seem  to  be  in  that  direction;  all  other  fibers 
except  hemp  and  jute  being  more  expensive,  and  these  not  being  suita- 
ble for  such  goods  as  are  made  in  Lyons. 

The  following  figures  will  show  the  comparison  (between  one  year 
and  another  for  the  last  fifteen  years)  between  the  value  of  pure  silk 
goods  and  the  mixed  goods  made  in  this  city;  but  I  have  not  been  able 
to  find  out  how  the  "  silk  and  wool "  compare  with  the  "  silk  and  cotton :" 


Tear. 


1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1**2 
1883 
1884 
1885 


Value  of 

pure  silk 

goods  woven 

in  Lyons. 


Franc$. 

284. 000.  000 
222.  000,  000 
199,  000,  000 
240.  000,  000 
225,  000,  000 
230, 000,  000 
205,  000, 000 
197, 000, 000 


Value  of 
mixed  silk 
and  other 
fiber  made 
in  Lyons. 


Franet. 

61, 000, 000 
124,000,000 
170, 000,  000 
155,  000.  000 
147,  000,  000 
142,  000,  000 
151,000,000 
144,  000,  000 


Tear. 


1880 
1887 
isy.- 
188:1 
1890 
1891 
1892 


Value  of 

pure  silk 

goods  woven 

in  Lyons. 


Franet. 
221, 000, 000 
225,  000, 000 
235, 000,  000 
247,  000,  000 
229,  000.  000 
220,  000,  000 
235,  000,  000 


Value  of 
mixed  silk 
and  other 
fiber  made 
in  Lyons. 


Francs. 
158,  000, 000 
152,  000,  000 
14-.  000,000 
150,  000,  000 
156,000,000 
138,  000,  000 
148,  000,  000 


The  franc  is  equal  to  19.3  cents  in  United  States  currency. 


112      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Charles  P.  Williams,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Rouen,  France. 

DECEMBER  12,  1892. 

Importation  of  cotton  into  France: 


Tear. 


1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1S64 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 


Amount. 


Kilos.* 
76,  000,  000 
84,2511.(100 
73,  000,  000 
79,  500,  000 
81,  600,  000 
t 114,  000,  000 
+110,  000,  000 
+28,  000,  000 
+44,  000,  000 
+.55,  000,  000 
+.61,  000,  000 
99,  000,  000 
75,  000,  000 
105,  000,  000 


Tear. 


1869 

1870  to  1872|| 

1873  to  1876§ 

1877  to  1881$ 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 , 

1886 

1887 

1S88 

1889 

Average,  1882  to  1889  U 


Kilos' 
96,  OOH,  i  00 

$88,  400,  000 
$86,  200,  01  0 
111,400,000 
115,900,000 

107,  000,  000 

108,  300,  000 
111,500,000 
118,  800,  000 

94,  200,  U00 
123,  000, 000 


111,400,000 


*The  kilogram  is  equal  to  2 \  pounds, 
tlncrease  caused  by  change  in  duty. 
J. Decrease  caused  by  war  in  United  States. 


||  No  statistics  to  be  obtained. 
$  Average  each  year. 

IT  From  1882  to    1889   the  yearly    average   was 
111,400,000  kilos. 


The  increase  of  the  consumption  is  perfectly  regular  and  the  natural 
deduction  is  that  there  is  no  stagnation  or  decline  in  the  cotton  trade. 
The  increased  quantity  per  spindle  is  not  entirely  due  to  the  coarseness 
of  the  thread  but  to  the  improved  machinery  with  which  manufacturers 
were  obliged  to  replace  the  old  and  obsolete  spindles  and  looms,  no 
longer  able  to  compete  with  the  new. 

The  vegetable  fibers,  such  as  flax  and  hemp  and  ramie,  have  not 
encroached  much  upon  the  territory  occupied  by  cotton. 

Ramie  would  be  a  formidable  rival  if  a  satisfactory  stripping  machine 
could  be  found.  This  fiber  cau  be  worked  upon  ordinary  cotton,  linen, 
and  silk  spinning  and  weaving  machinery  with  very  little  change. 

Although  raw  cotton  costs  more,  the  cotton  yarn  (its  net  cost)  for 
the  same  length  and  size  costs  less  than  that  of  hemp  or  flax,  on  account 
of  less  workmanship,  less  waste  in  spinning,  and  the  cotton  being 
denser  than  the  rival  textiles. 

Although  cotton-spinning  requires  an  entirely  different  equipment 
from  that  for  spinning  flax,  the  weaving  can  be  done  on  the  same 
looms,  and  threads  of  one  kind  can  be  used  for  warp  and  another  for 
woof.  This  is  done  on  a  large  scale.  One-third  of  the  looms  which 
formerly  made  linen  cloth  entirely,  now  make  fabrics  of  cotton  warp  and 
linen  woof  so  nearly  resembling  the  pure  linen  articles  as  to  deceive 
most  buyers.  Although  the  Norman  clings  with  much  pertinacity  to 
his  blouse  and  overshirt  of  pure  linen,  with  pantaloons  to  match,  it  is 
easy  to  find  a  large  quantity  of  these  mixed  goods  exposed  for  sale  and 
in  use.  The  difference  in  price  of  the  pure  and  mixed  article  is  so 
great  that  cotton  is  largely  employed  in  this  manner. 

Prices  of  the  pure  and  mixed  are  in  about  the  following  proportion: 
.65  centimes  the  meter,  instead  of  .86  centimes;  .78  centimes  against 
102  centimes;  85  centimes  against  106  centimes. 

With  a  view  of  saving  flax  from  destruction,  cotton  must  be  taxed;  so 
say  the  French  agriculturists.  As  there  is  no  immediate  danger  of  a 
decreased  consumption  of  cotton  in  France,  the  application  of  increased 
duties  upon  cotton  entering  France  need  not  disturb  the  American 
cotton-producer. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  113 

Report  of  Oscar  F.  Williams^  U.  S.  consul  at  Havre,  France. 

FEBRUARY  22, 1893. 

We  hare  no  consumption  of  cotton  in  this  consular  district.  The 
district  not  containing  fabric  manufactories,  no  competing  fibers  are 
used.     Hemp,  manila,  etc.,  are  used  for  rope-making. 

During  1892,  689,000  bales  of  cotton  were  imported  at  an  average 
price  here  of  225  francs  or  S43.42  per  bale.  The  total  number  of  bales 
of  cotton  bought  at  the  Exchange — spot  cotton,  futures  etc.,  were  about 
as  follows:  1,000,000  bales  futures,  300,000  bales  spot  cotton,  and 
200,000  bales  delivered.  The  total  of  speculative  operations  perhaps 
reached  2,000,000  bales;  but  as  some  of  such  are  not  officially  reported, 
exact  data  is  not  obtainable. 

The  average  gross  weight  |)er  bale  is  220  kilos  or  485  pounds. 


Report  of  Chas.  H.  Shepard,  TJ.  S.  consul,  at  Gothenburg,  Sweden. 

JULY  18,  1S93. 
COTTON-GROWING. 

Sweden  is  a  large  country,  touching  south  and  north  the  fifty-fifth 
and  sixty-ninth  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  it  has  lofty  mountains, 
rapid  rivers,  beautiful  lakes,  giant  forests,  and  fertile  valleys.  It  is 
also  a  land  of  kings,  of  whom  it  has  had  many  brave  and  noble,  devoted 
to  war  and  peace,  agriculture  and  industry,  but  there  is  no  authentic 
history  nor  credible  tradition  that  King  Cotton  ever  had  here  a  grow- 
ing existence. 

COTTON  IMPORTATION. 

It  is  possible  to  give  the  statistics  of  the  importation,  manufacture, 
and  consumption  of  cotton  in  Sweden  for  only  a  limited  number  of 
years,  and  to  show  the  extent  of  such  importation,  etc.,  for  the  ten  years 
1881-'90,  figures  are  herewith  submitted. 

Swedish  statistics  credit  all  arriving  merchandise  to  the  country  of 
last  shipment;  and  thus  if  the  United  States  had  been  the  country  of 
origin  of  every  bale  of  the  cotton  imported  and  it  had  been  trans- 
shipped from  British  or  other  foreign  ports,  the  United  States  would 
not  be  credited  here  as  having  produced  a  single  pound.  Only  direct 
shipments  from  the  United  States  are  recorded  to  her  credit,  of  cotton 
or  of  any  other  articles  of  merchandise. 

The  statistics  given  in  this  report  are,  in  all  cases,  for  the  whole  of 
Sweden,  as  it  is  impossible  to  give  them  by  districts. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  state  from  statistics  the  number  of  yards  or 
weight  per  yard  of  any  of  the  fabrics  named,  though  it  may  be  said 
that  in  general  they  are  of  heavy  and  coarse  grades.  Most  tine  cloths 
are  imported,  of  all  classes.  Swedish  manufacturers  finding  more  profit, 
it  is  said,  under  the  tariff  rates,  in  the  production  of  coarse  grades. 
COT— VOL  2 8 


114 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


MIXTURE  OP  FIBERS. 

There  appears  not  to  be  much  mixture  of  cotton  with  other  fibers, 
and  little  tendency  to  increase  in  that  direction  in  the  factories,  though 
there  is  much  cloth  woven  with  cotton  warp  and  woolen  woof;  but  it 
can  not  be  learned  that  the  woof  is  mixed  to  any  considerable  extent. 
Some,  and  perhaps  considerable  cotton  is  mixed  with  wool  in  the  manu- 
facture of  underclothing,  but  statistics  do  not  show  how  much.  All- 
wool  clothing  is  preferred  in  this  climate  for  the  most  of  the  year,  and 
probably  always  will  be. 

A  large  quantity  of  cloths,  partly  of  cotton,  and  which  does  not  appear 
in  any  statistics,  is  made  by  the  peasant  women  of  the  country,  who  in 
part  buy  the  raw  cotton,  and  card,  and  spin,  and  weave  it  with  other 
fibers,  as  wool  and  flax.  To  a  larger  extent  they  probably  buy  cotton 
yarn  and  use  it  in  the  same  way.  Sheets,  tablecloths,  napkins,  and 
handkerchiefs  are  thus  made  by  a  combination  of  cotton  with  flax, 
which  they  raise  and  spin  themselves;  and  they  also  make  much  or 
most  of  the  clothing  worn  by  themselves  and  children.  It  is  noticed 
that  these  people  now  raise  less  11  ax  than  formerly,  which  no  doubt 
means  an  increased  use  of  cotton.  And  this  tendency  will  probably 
increase. 

Cotton  imported  into  Sweden  during  the  ten  years,  1SS1  to  1S90. 


Tears. 

Direct  from 
United  States. 

Accredited  to 
Great  Britain. 

Accredited  to 
other  countries. 

Total 
imports. 

1881 

Pounds. 
7, 445,  706 
5,  470,  684 
11,420,108 
3,  500,  523 
4.467,414 

5,  741,  569 
3,117,000 
1,  697,  200 
3, 127, 966 

6,  846,  757 

Pounds. 
14,  582, 899 
16,  002,  971 
14,  702.  671 
16,  629,  596 
19, 232, 122 
16,  374,  697 
18, 881,  387 
21,218,163 
20,  363,  806 
18,  402,  460 

Pounds. 
1,015,904 
1,521,015 
1.  918,  939 
1.  S24,  994 
1,  299.  217 
1,171,910 
1,956,060 
3,  279,  848 
3,  301,  111 
3,  214,  665 

Pounds. 
23  044  509 

1882 

22, 904,  670 
28  041  718 

1883 

1884 

21  955  113 

1885 

24  998  753 

1886 

23,  288  176 

1887 

23  954  447 

1888 

26,795,211 
26  852  883 

1889 

1890 

28, 463,  882 

Imports  to  Sweden  of  manufactures  of  cotton  in  years  1SS1  to  1S90,  inclusive. 


Tear. 

Cotton  yarn. 

Cotton  thread. 

Woven  fabrics 
of  cotton. 

Woven  fabrics, 
partly  cotton. 

Total 

weight. 

Total 
value. 

Weight. 

Value. 

Weight 

Value. 

Weight. 

Value. 

Weight 

Value. 

1881... 
1882... 
1883... 
1884... 

1885... 

1886... 

1887... 

1888 

1889 

1890.  .. 

Pounds. 
5, 170,  750 
1.359.  696 
5,  312,  618 
1,453,060 
3.  826,  083 
:;.  180,911 
::,  154,957 
3,  762,  542 
1,  197,550 
4,181,951 

$1,013,343 
866,  099 
L,  313,  151 
717.  Ill) 
495,  482 
468,07] 
159,  115 
646,  112 
930,6  'i 
931,430 

Pounds. 
337,  297 

403,054 

529, 124 
183,938 
476,  794 
481,119 
503,030 
<\y,,  655 
506,846 

610,919 

$267,  750 
332,  284 
424, 527 
388, 274 
382,541 
327,525 
342,442 
426,600 

315.  03,9 

136,310 

Pounds. 
1, 926,  239 
1,027,  176 
2,503,725 

2,  573,015 
2,415,593 
2,262,382 
2,394,451 
2,532,482 

3,059.577 

3,  172,73(1 

$1,809,444 
1,857,913 
2,  268, 456 
2,  376, 198 
2,223,618 
2,110,407 
2,  260,  660 
2,  402,  537 
2,964,  133 
3,051,759 

Pounds. 
97,  264 
33,  933 

(*) 

(*) 

(*> 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

C) 

(*) 

$128,436 
44,  830 

Pounds. 

7,  531,  550 
5,  823, 859 

8,  345,  167 
7,511,013 
6,718,170 
6,224,412 
6,052,438 
6,921,679 
7,  763.  973 
7,  995,  606 

$3,  218,  874 
3,091,  138 
4,  000,  435 
3,  481,  582 
3,  101,612 

2,  906,  003 

3,  062,  218 
3,475,551 

4,  239,  794 
4,419,501 

1  iJut  stitlrd. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES, 


115 


l'l  oduchon  of  cotton  yarn  and  woven  fabrics,  by  factories,  in  Sweden  during  the  ycart 

1SS1  to  1S90. 


Year. 


Production  of  cotton 
yarn. 


Product. 


1881 
1882 
1883 

1884 
1885 

l.ssti 

1887 
1888 

1889 

189U 


Pounds. 

17,734,413 

16,511,086 

15,760,783 

10,  750.  484 

17,  291,  555 

17,626,626 

17,742,282 

15, 980, 166 

19,622,260 

17,  880,  640 


Value. 


428,313 
385, 720 
398,  537 
274,  078 
121.  149 
968,  221 
027,  495 
i.-»7.  -_':!3 
578, 278 
470  622 


Production  of  woven 
fabrics. 


Product. 


Yards. 
13,  725,  286 
24,  638,  394 
27,280,951 
23,  628, 104 
26,286,749 
28,945,394 
25,1-11,85:! 
27,  888,  788 
38,  442,  247 
44, 100, 149 


Value. 


$3,195,253 
::.  106,341 
3,  171,933 
3,412,363 
3,  352,  140 
3,291,918 
3,288,399 
3,357,  395 
3,  762,  (172 
3,659,657 


Total 
\  alue  of 

vara  and 
goods. 


$6.  623,  567 
6,  792, 061 

(i.  57(1,  109 
6,  686, 441 

6,  473,  290 
G,  200,  139 
6, 315,  894 
6,514,628 

7,  340,  950 
7, 130,  279 


Exports  from  Sweden  of  manufactures  of  cotton  during  the  years  1S81  to  1890. 


Tear. 


Cotton  yarn. 


Weight.     Value 


Cotton  thread. 


Weight.     Value 


Woven  fabrics  of 
cotton. 


Weight. 


Value. 


Total 
weight. 


Total 

\  alue. 


1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 

1B85 
1886 

1887 

18>8 
1889 

1890 


Pounds. 
304,310 

589, 790 
699, 131 
854,  635 
692,  209 
892. 294 
1,332,451 
1, 444, 743 
989,  691 
991,922 


$65. 079 
115, 668 
119, 729 
177, 772 
127,371 
164,  959 
251,  333 

274. 3  a; 

198, 477 
209,  013 


Pounds. 
1,444 
2,134 
4,541 
7,734 
2,617 
1,323 
4,984 
15,  205 
3,  840 


$1,158 
1,712 
3,643 
6,205 
2,099 
1,061 
3,  999 

12,  202 
3,081 


Pounds. 
799,  699 
857, 146 
804,412 

854,  655 

713,971 

717, 216 

802,  772 

1,  202,  042 

1,217,043 

1,242,257 


$634,  023 
682,  366 
635, 449 
670,  210 

548.  224 

549,  402 
610,  056 
942,  504 
921,096 
933,  216 


Pounds. 

1,  104,  853 
1,449,070 

1,  508,  084 
1,717.(124 
1,408,797 

1,  610,  833 

2,  140,  207 
2,722,59(1 
2, 210,  574 
2,  234, 179 


$700,  261 

799,  747 

758, 822 

854, 188 

077.  096 

715,423 

865,  389 

1,229.024 

1,122,655 

1, 142,  830 


Report  of  Axel  Georgii,   U.  8.  vice-consul  at  Stockholm,  Sweden. 

NOVEMBER  11,  1S92. 

JSo  cotton  is  grown  in  this  country,  and  to  give  the  fullest  possible 
idea  about  the  import  to  this  country  of  cotton  and  its  manufactures  I 
have  the  lienor  to  inclose  a  table  showing  the  same  from  1800,  taken 
from  the  official  statistics. 

The  cotton  consumed  here  is  certainly  the  greatest  part  from  the 
United  States,  but  also  partly  from  Egypt  and  India. 

As  no  cotton  is  imported  direct,  but  arrives  here  by  transshipment 
via  Liverpool,  London,  Antwerp,  Hamburg,  etc.,  and  in  the  statistics 
the  import  is  given  from  those  countries,  it  is  impossible  to  state  what 
quantity  is  consumed  of  the  different  kinds. 

Imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  into  Sweden  during  the  years  named. 


Description. 

1860. 

1865. 

1870. 

1875. 

1880. 

1885. 

1890. 

Raw  cotton 

Cotton  thread 

Cotton  yarn 

Cotton     manufac- 

Pounds. 
19,226,000 
68.  000 
1,  086,  000 

907,  000 

Pounds. 
7,600,000 

63,  ('HO 
1,216,000 

880,  000 

Pounds. 

15,111,000 

104.  000 

1,  662,  000 

1,  «62,  000 

Pounds.        Pounds. 

14,072,000  ;  21,602,000 

194,850           354,000 

4,714,800       4,815,000 

2  704,000       1  9<w  nnn 

Pounds. 
26, 082,  000 
507, 000 
3, 993, 000 

2, 521, 000 

Pound*. 
29,  698,  000 
669,  000 
4, 363, 000 

3, 310,  000 

116 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  Orlando  H.  Baler,  U.  S.  consul  at  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

JULY  20,  1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  the  Kingdom  of  Denmark  except  a  few 
specimen  plants  in  hot-houses,  it  being  situated  far  north  of  the  "cot- 
ton belt." 

There  are  no  cotton  spinneries  of  any  importance  in  Denmark.  There 
are  in  and  around  Copenhagen  18  weaving  establishments,  which  pro- 
duce woolen,  linen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  the  yarn  used  being  imported 
mostly  from  England  and  Germany. 

The  cotton  trade  and  fabrication  in  Denmark  are  of  comparatively 
little  importance,  chiefly  because  the  climate  of  this  latitude  and  the 
cheapness  of  wool  make  woolen  goods  as  wearing  apparel  more  desir- 
able than  cotton  goods.  As  climatic  conditions,  which  bring  woolen 
and  fur  goods  into  demand,  are  beyond  the  power  of  man  to  perma- 
nently change,  we  see  at  present  no  probability  of  much  increase  in  the 
sale  of  cottons  in  Denmark. 

The  raw  cotton  used  here  goes  mostly  into  batting,  for  making  which 
there  are  several  factories. 


Report  of  Gerli.  Gade,  JJ.  S.  consul,  at  Christianity  Norway. 

AUGUST  22,  1893. 

The  subjoined  statistics  on  importation  and  exportation  of  cotton, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  are  taken  from  the  yearly  official  publica- 
tions made  by  the  Government's  central  bureau  of  statistics  at  Chris- 
tiania, and  it  is  to  be  noticed,  that  the  figures  are  given  for  the  whole 
country,  and  not  for  this  consular  district  separately. 

COTTON-GROWING. 

In  this  district,  which  embraces  the  southern  and  eastern  sections  of 
Norway,  between  the  fifty-eighth  and  sixty-third  degrees  northern  lat- 
itude, no  cotton  is  cultivated. 

COTTON    CONSUMPTION. 

Of  the  industrial  establishments  using  cotton  as  raw  material  this 
country  counts  !),  employing  about  2,500  hands.  Most  of  the  mills  are 
moved  by  water  power,  so  abundant  in  this  mountainous  country. 

Statement  of  the  importation  of  raiv  cotton  into  Norway. 


Year. 


1861  iu  L865  (annual  avei 

L866  to  1870  (annual  average)  ... 

1-71  to  1875  (annua]  average)  ... 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 



1881 

1882 


Pounds. 


2,106,170 
3,702,490 
4, 897, 310 
3, 928, 100 
5,  050, 210 
4, 106.  630 
5,075,510 
4,  350,  632 
4, 908, 127 
4,  878,  858 
5,391,873 


Yrar. 


1SS3 
1884 

IS,-!.") 

1886 

1887 

ISS'.l 

1890 
L891 
L892 


Founds. 


169, 222 
112,  080 
•179.  570 
102,110 
182,453 
986,  004 
347,  952 
029, 105 
012,483 
224,  705 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 
Statement  of  cotton  yams  and  cotton  goods  imported  into  Noway. 


117 


Tear. 

Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Tear. 

Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton 
goods. 

1880 

Pounds. 

1,014,011 

1,101,923 

1,190.719 
1, 409,  320 
1,  684,  964 
1,617,101 
1, 672, 207 

Pounds. 

2,  811, 113 

3.  304,  880 
3, 518, 800 
3, 502,  017 
4, 089,  342 
3,  306, 741 
3, 184,  694 

1887 

Pounds. 
1.755,358 
2,  090,  876 
2,  018,  500 
2  567,066 
2,  523,  088 
2,  516,  384 

Pounds. 

3,  205,  561 
3, 973, 488 
4, 832, 874 
5, 005.  85C 
4, 765.  418 

4,  969,  543 

1881 

1888 

1889 



1883 

1890 

1884 

1891 

1892 

1885 

1886 

The  principal  countries  from  which  received  were  Sweden,  Germany, 
and  Great  Britain. 

Cotton  yarns  and  cotton  goods  of  Norwegian  manufacture  exported  from  Norway  in  the 

years  named. 


Year. 

Tarns. 

Goods. 

Year. 

Tarns. 

Goods. 

1880 

Pounds. 

1,156,  170 
721 .  220 
475,816 
386,  738 
327.  954 
277,618 
194,  722 

Pounds. 
126,471 
164, 920 
219, 025 
341. 619 
628, 289 
416,786 
549, 104 

1887 

Pounds. 
161,  590 
200, 125 
199.  335 
215,  200 
197, 338 
300, 087 

Pounds. 
773  608 

1881 

1888 

736  951 

1882 

1889 

841.  933 

1883 

1884 

1885 

18jj6 

1890 

1891 

1892 

940, 841 
778,  707 
878, 820 

I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  no  tendency  of  displacing  cotton  with 
coiLpeting  fibers  prevails  in  this  district. 


Report  of  F.  G.  Gade,  U.  8.  consul  at  Bergen,  Norway. 

AUGUST  25,  1893. 

Is"o  cotton  is  cultivated  in  this  consular  district. 

In  this  district  are  two  pretty  extensive  cotton  mills  for  spinning  and 
weaving,  both  moved  by  water  power. 

In  this  cold  and  moist  climate  the  consumption  of  cotton  will  always 
be  on  the  increase,  and  there  is  no  tendency  to  its  displacement  by 
other  competing  fibers,  nor  to  its  mixing  with  these  of  any  importance. 

Table  showing  importation  of  raw  and  manufactured  cotton  into  Bergen,  Norway. 


Tear. 

I  Jaw  cotton. 

Cotton 
yarns. 

Cotton 

goods,  all 

kinds. 

1888 

Pounds. 
639,  940 
851,200 
970,  700 

595,  960 
1, 073, 020 

Pound*. 
273,  920 

336,  680 
421,  840 
487,  610 
451,696 

Pounds. 

77"   800 

1889 

1890 

1  011  120 

1891 

941  120 

1892 

118 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  Walter  E.  Gardner,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Rotterdam,  Netherlands. 

MAY  13,  1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  the  Netherlands.  Experiments  have 
been  made  by  owners  of  private  estates,  also  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Government  department  of  agriculture,  but  have  uniformly  failed. 

The  Netherlands  Government  imposes  neither  import  nor  transit 
duties  upon  raw  material  or  upon  halt*  fabrics  (as  cotton  yarns) ;  there- 
fore, imports  in  transit  and  those  for  consumption  within  the  country 
are  at  the  custom-houses  declared  in  the  same  way,  with  the  result 
that  separate  statistics  of  transit  imports  and  imports  for  consumption 
are  nowhere  kept.  As  approximately  correct,  it  may  be  stated,  how- 
ever, that  the  cotton  imports  at  Amsterdam  are  mainly  for  home  eon- 
sumption,  while  those  at  Eotterdam  are,  for  the  greater  part,  imports 
in  transit  to  Germany  and  other  neighboring  European  countries.  The 
imports  at  Amsterdam  yearly  since  1800  are  therefore  given,  while 
those  of  Eotterdam  are  omitted,  as  being  without  material  relation  to 
the  question  of  cotton  consumption  in  this  country. 

Imports  of  cotton  at  Amsterdam. 


Year. 


1800 
1861 
1862. 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 


American 
cotton. 


East  Indian 

and  other 

cotton. 


Sales. 

15, 191 

18,  934 

924 

000 

5S5 

106 

3,155 

6.881 

17, 427 

15, 110 

30,  955 

119,  976 

59,  763 

42,  519 

40.  276 

27, 178 

56,438 


Bales. 

17,  216 

7,711 

6,76i 

6,791 

14,  073 

13,  904 

26,  723 

20,  589 

37,  299 

50,  994 

25,  011 

43,  212 

103,  424 

24,168 

19, 398 

28, 703 

37,  066 


Total. 


Bales. 

32,407 

26, 645 

7,685 

6,791 

14,  658 

H,  (110 

29,  878 

27, 470 

54,726 

66,  110 

55,  966 

163, 188 

163, 187 

66,  687 

59.  674 

55,  881 

93, 504 


Tear. 


1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1881 
1885 
18S6 
1887 
1888 
1SS9 
is;  10 
1891 
1892 


East  Indian 

cotton. 

and  other 
cotton. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

59, 468 

15, 498 

65, 666 

21,  443 

70,  054 

28, 193 

34,  448 

13,770 

52,619 

24,  631 

36.  099 

7.  2-J7 

73, 171 

11,256 

51,019 

13,  006 

29, 734 

3,017 

38,  464 

3.016 

42.  279 

17, 188 

35, 751 

1,100 

28,  089 

885 

28, 801 

2,138 

41,573 

1, 150 

25,  989 

279 

Total. 


Bales. 
74, 966 
87,  mo 
98,  247 
48,  218 
77, 250 
43,  326 
84, 472 
64, 025 
32, 751 
41,480 
5!»,  467 
36, 851 
28,  974 
30,  939 
42,  723 
26,288 


Report  of  Walter  E.  Gardner,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Rotterdam,  Netherlands. 

MAY  13,  1S03. 
COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

There  are  in  the  Netherlands  11  manufactories  of  cotton  goods 
(grouped  lor  the  most  part  in  the  northerly  province  of  Gelderland) 
which  consume  an  annual  average  of  49,720  bales  of  raw  cotton.  These 
mills  employ  20,000  power  looms  for  cotton  weaving,  and  the  total  of 
spindles  working  is  260,000. 

The  cotton  used  by  the  Netherlands  factories  is  chiefly  American, 
which  is  distinctly  preferred.  Its  principal  rival  is  the  Surat  cotton, 
which  is  employed,  to  an  extent,  only  when  it  falls  to  a  very  low  figure. 
So  long  as  the  American  staple  remains  proportionately  as  cheap  as 
the  Surat,  it  is  almost  exclusively  used  by  the  factories. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES  119 

FIBERS  WHICH  DISPLACE   COTTON. 

Cotton  is  not  mixed  with  other  libers  (except  wool)  by  the  manufac- 
turers of  the  Netherlands.  As  a  wool-mix  in  the  making  of  material 
for  cheaper  grades  of  clothing  and  underclothing,  it  is  much  employed, 
and  in  this  use  it  is  steadily  superseding  flax,  as  being  quite  as  strong 
in  wear,  and  cheaper.  Regarding  hemp,  jute,  ramie,  etc.,  as  a  cotton- 
mix,  the  Dutch  manufacturers  know  nothing. 


Report  of  John  B.  Osborne,  U.  S.  consul  at  Ghent,  Belgium. 

KOYEHBEB  -_'s.  imc\ 

The  cotton  industry  at  Ghent  dates  from  tlie  Middle  Ages.  As  early 
as  the  15th  century  several  establishments  for  making  fustian  were  in 
operation. 

Lieven  Bauwens,  of  Ghent,  after  spending  some  time  in  England, 
and  becoming  thoroughly  acquainted  with  its  operation,  successfully 
smuggled  out  of  the  country  the  necessary  machinery  constructed  in 
Manchester,  and  in  the  year  1800  founded  in  Ghent  the  first  mill  for 
spinning  cotton  with  mule  jennies  on  the  continent.  Such  is  the 
origin  of  the  present  extensive  industry  at  Ghent,  which  owes  all  its 
prosperity  to  this  man.  for  had  he  established  his  factories  in  another 
city,  such  as  Antwerp,  1  have  no  doubt  that  place,  and  not  Ghent, 
would  now  be  the  Belgian  Manchester. 

In  the  records  for  the  year  1825  there  are  enumerated  at  Ghent  no 
less  than  22  cotton-spinning  and  21  cotton-weaving  mills.  The  period 
1878  to  1880  was  satisfactory,  but  for  the  last  three  years  decided 
symptoms  of  another  crisis  have  been  manifest.  To  be  sure,  we  must 
make  due  allowance  for  the  chronic  grumbling  which  has  characterized 
some  of  the  manufacturers  from  time  immemorial.  The  weaving  is 
now  unquestionably  in  a  more  satisfactory  condition  than  the  spin- 
ning. As  I  have  previously  reported  to  the  Department,  excessive 
stocks  from  overproduction,  foreign  competition,  new  tariff  legislation 
of  other  countries,  and  inopportune  heavy  purchases  of  raw  material, 
have  been  the  principal  causes  for  a  more  than  ordinary  depression, 
which  many  have  considered  a  crisis.  The  fluctuation  of  prices  of  raw 
cotton  through  an  extraordinary  range  during  the  year  1801  could  not; 
but  seriously  affect  the  profits  of  those  who  had  a  large  stock  on  hand, 
purchased  at  comparatively  high  prices. 

According  to  an  estimate  made  for  me  by  Messrs.  Baertsoen  & 
Buysse,  of  Ghent,  there  are  between  50,000  and  55,000  men,  women, 
and  children  employed  in  all  branches  of  the  cotton  industry  in 
this  consular  district.  The  majority  are  at  Ghent.  -In  this  connec- 
tion, it  may  be  interesting  to  know  that  the  total  number  of  working 
people  in  Ghent  is  estimated  to  be  82,000  out  of  a  population  of 
182,000,  which  comprises  150,000  in  the  city  proper,  and  32,000  in  the 
Contiguous  suburbs. 

In  the  entire  Kingdom  there  are  33  cotton-spinning  mills  worthy  of 
mention,  of  which  number  20  are  located  at  Ghent.  Nearly  all  these 
are  also  weaving  establishments. 

The  approximate  number  of  spindles  in  all  the  cotton  mills  of  Belgium 
is  800,000,  of  which  fully  600,000,  or  75  per  cent,  are  in  use  at  Ghent. 
The  largest  mill  is  that  of  Messrs.  I'arinentier,  Van  Iloegaerden  &  Co., 
which  employs  2.000  men  and  women,  and  operates,  by  means  of  Corliss 
engines  of  2,800  horse-power,  150,000  spindles  and  1,100  looms. 


120 


COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON   MANUFACTURES,  AND 


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COTTON  CONSUMPTION  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


121 


The  tendency  of  mixing  cotton  with  other  fibers  is  certainly  increas- 
ing, but  I  believe  that  it  is  at  the  expense  of  the  other  fibers,  and  that 
it  increases  the  consumption  of  cotton.  The  history  of  the  Flemish 
linens  may  be  taken  as  an  illustration.  In  former  times  these  were 
world-renowned  for  purity  and  excellence  of  quality.  Of  recent  years 
the  weaving  of  mixed  linens  with  "thread  tissue"  and  cotton  has  gradu- 
ally been  supplanting  the  pure  linens.  Inasmuch  as  these  mixed  linens 
may  be  considered  as  substitutes  for  the  pure  linens,  the  cotton  enter- 
ing into  their  manufacture  may  properly  be  considered  as  increasing 
the  consumption  just  to  that  extent.  The  same  is  true  in  some  degree 
in  the  case  of  mixtures  of  cotton  and  wool.  However,  this  gain  is  coun- 
terbalanced by  the  displacement  of  cotton  goods  in  the  market  by  the 
fabrics  of  flax,  jute,  hemp,  and  ramie.  The  increasing  manufacture  of 
textiles  mixed  with  these  fibers  indirectly  affects  the  cotton-goods  trade, 
but  to  what  extent  it  is  impossible  to  say. 

American  cotton,  by  reason  of  its  whiteness  and  excellent  quality,  is 
and  must  be  used  for  the  finer  grades  of  goods,  notably  for  the  higher 
numbers  of  yarns,  such  as  numbers  20  to  3C  in  the  English  series,  and 
for  the  better  qualities  of  tissues.  It  will  be  noted  that  a  large  propor- 
tion of  East  Indian  cotton  is  consumed  in  Belgium.  By  reason  of  its 
comparative  cheapness,  it  is  used  extensively  at  Ghent  for  the  low  num- 
bers of  yarns,  generally  numbers  16  to  20,  as  well  as  for  inferior  grades 
of  tissues.  It  is  true  there  are  some  ordinary  grades  of  American  cotton 
v  uich  can  compete  in  price  with  the  Indian.  No  doubt  if  special  efforts 
were  made  these  could  be  more  extensively  used  in  Belgium  than  at 
present,  and  perhaps  check  the  increasing  tendency  to  use  Indian 
cotton. 

Annual  importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Belgium,  for  consumption. 


Tear. 

Pounds. 

Tear. 

Pounds. 

Tear. 

Pounds. 

I860 

33.832,059 

32,  411.178 
11,917,661 
16,  276,744 
15,  144.  401 
25,838,542 
32.  303. 884 
35  299,  169 
in(i,  043 
35,831,780 
35, 937,  996 

1871 

56,158,377 
52,035,636 
39,684,152 
4:->,  078,  552 
40, 946,  74S 
42,226,681 
44,626,511 
48,321,409 
47,875,051 
51,428,918 
45.  364,  585 

1882  . . 

55,  499,  787 
52,442,022 

1861 

1872 

1873 

1883 

1862    

1884 

1863    

1874 

1885 

38,068,076 
46, 136.  631 
50,  196,370 

46,  833.  978 

*  31.  832, 033 

71,059,595 

75, 392, 370 

1864    

1875 

L886 

186S    

1876 

1887 

1866    

1877 

lss.s 

1878 

1889 

1879 

1890 

1869    

1880 

1891 

1870 

1881 

:  Figures  for  1889  probably  incorrect — A.  B.  S. 


Importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Belgium  for  consumption. 


Immediate  source. 


East  Indies 

England 

France 

Germany 

Hamburg 

Holland 

Italy  

Mexico 

Switzerland 25, 

United  States 6,  068, 

All  other  countries 40, 


J88.    Fear  L889.    rear  1890. 

Kilos.*  Kilos.  Kilos. 


6,  365, 

7,035, 

1,271, 

111, 

32, 

255, 

80, 


5,  604.  695 

4,210,327 

046,  835 

49,  985 


263.916 
15,  032 


11,206 

3,  637,  535 

29,212 


15,  804,  294 

8,  359, 060 

1,  752.  697 

129,  662 


371,  9S3 
132,585 

57, 150 


89,483 


Totals 21,288,172  j  14,469,106  I  32,299,816 


Countries. 


i  ihina 

Congo  State 

K:ist   Indies 

Egypt 

England 

France  

Holland 

Inly 

United  States  -  . 
Other  countries 

Totals.... 


Tear  1891. 
Kilos. 


79, 532 

87  814 

14,206,271 

234,256 

8, 430, 947 
2.42H.73;; 

935,  964 

84, 149 

7,  340, 557 

440. 056 


34.  269,  259 


•The  kilogram  is  equal  to  2\  pounds. 


122 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Value  of  importations  and  exportations  of  cotton   tulles,  laces,  and  "blonde*"  into  and 
from  Belgium  during  the  year  1891. 


Countries. 


Importa- 
tions from 

( francs),  f 


Exporta- 
tions to 
(francs). 


Germany  

England 

Austria 

United  States  . . 

France 

Italy 

Holland 

Other  countries 


86, 561 

132, 890 

35,015 

198,587 


9,005 


12,  258 
110,  709 

24  ,"350 

421,  652 

1,150 

17,476 

214 


462,  058 


587, 809 


t  The  franc  is  equal  to  19.3  cents. 

The  Belgian  manufacturers  are  abundantly  protected  by  specific 
duties  amounting  to  from  20  to  25  per  cent  ad  valorem,  which  cripples 
foreign  competition  to  a  considerable  extent. 

A  large  part  of  the  yarns  spun  at  Ghent  are  consumed  here  in  weav- 
ing a  variety  of  fine  and  coarse  tissues  (both  pure  and  mixed),  shirt- 
ings, dimities,  cotton  flannels,  tickings,  blankets,  etc.,  which  are 
exported  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  England,  Holland,  and  France 
have  always  been  good  fields.  An  examination  of  the  statistics  shows 
that  the  Belgians  have  succeeded  in  finding  a  market  for  considerable 
of  their  cotton  products  in  the  Argentine  Bepublic  and  Brazil.  The 
large  proportion  of  the  printed  tissues  exported  to  the  Congo  is  note- 
worthy. At  present  the  new  custom  tariff  of  France  is  seriously 
affecting  relations  with  that  country. 


Report  of  Geo.  W.  Roosevelt,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Brussels,  Belgium. 

JANUARY  4,  1S93. 

Quantity  of  cotton    thread  and    cotton    cloth,  of  domestic  manufacture,   exported  from 
Belgium  annually  from  1SU0  to  1S90. 


Year. 


1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1803. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 

1870, 

1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 


Cotton  tli  read 
(Pounds.) 


Cotton  cloth. 
(Pounds.) 


6, 636, 927 
6,350,528 
5,  960,  006 
4,  954,  271) 
5, 474,  378 
Not  given. 
4.  '.199,  861 
6,900,854 
5, 186.  568 
2,439,225 
5,157,264 
7,086,  338 
7,329,806 
6.6117.  899 
6,001 
6,450  984 


Tear. 


1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 

I  SSI 
1SS2 
1883 
isst 
1885 
1886 
1887 
isss 
1889 
1890 


Cotton  thread.  Cotton  cloth. 
(Pounds.)    'Pounds.) 


3.  390, 
2, 369, 
1,^, 
1,381, 
2,  563, 
3,290, 

4,  020, 
4,437, 
4,324, 
4.  195, 

4,  029, 
4,462, 
•1,  167, 

5,  687, 
7,  276, 


121 
284 
349 
077 
310 
883 
621 
644 
231 
373 
304 
244 
759 
877 
509 


Note. — Some  other  valuable  and  interesting  statistics  were  given  in  Mr.  Roose- 
velt's report,  but  tlie  committee  is  reluctantly  obliged  to  omit  them  as  the  matters 
are  covered  in  other  reports. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  123 

Report  of  Nicholas  Smith,   TJ.  S.  consul  at  Liege,  Belgium. 

AUGUST  IS,  1898. 

Neither  cotton,  nor  any  fiber  known  to  the  spinning-jenny,  is  pro- 
duced in  this  province.  Although  a  few  sheep  are  kept,  the  women 
ply  their  knitting-needles  so  industriously  that  a  native  fleece  rarely 
finds  its  way  to  market. 

Neither  is  there  a  cotton  factory  in  my  district. 

There  are,  however,  numerous  woolen  mills  where  it  is  mixed  with 
the  animal  liber,  in  ratios  of  from  ten  to  lifty  per  cent,  and  woven  into  a 
variety  of  fabrics.  As  full  information  could  not  be  obtained  from  offi- 
cial sources  concerning  either  the  origin  or  the  amount  of  cotton  thus 
consumed,  I  caused  a  canvas  to  be  made  of  the  mills  and  ascertained 
through  it  that  in  an  annual  average  of  3,000,000  pounds  at  least  eighty 
per  cent  conies  from  the  United  States.  I  learned  also  that  among 
these  fabricants  the  practice  of  commingling  fibers  is  constantly  on  the 
increase,  and  that,  so  far  as  wool  and  cotton  are  concerned,  the  com- 
mercial advantage  is  always  in  favor  of  the  latter. 

I  submit  the  following  statement  as  showing  the  importation  of  cot- 
ton into  Belgium  through  the  custom-houses  located  in  this  province. 
More  than  half  of  the  Liege  consumption,  however,  is  entered  at  Ant- 
werp, though  it  is  not  discriminated  in  the  records  of  that  port  from 
the  imports  of  other  sections  of  the  kingdom.  The  estimate  given 
above  of  the  raw  cotton  used  in  the  woolen  mills  here  may  be  accepted 
as  official.  While  the  name  of  the  United  States  does  not  appear  in 
the  table,  it  is  perfectly  understood  that  the  bulk  of  the  staple  comes 
from  America. 

The  exports  of  the  province  are  massed  with  those  of  other  portions 
of  the  state,  and  are  therefore  unknown.  But  incomplete  as  the  table 
is,  it  may  be  useful  as  showing  the  fluctuations  in  the  cotton  imports 
through  a  period  of  twenty  years  of  a  community  whose  industries  and 
population  have  been  comparatively  stationary. 

Flax  is  practically  the  only  competitor  of  cotton,  but  there  is  cer- 
tainly nothing  to  indicate  that  it  is  flourishing  just  now  at  the  expense 
of  its  rival.  As  Belgium  is  the  center  of  the  linen  industry  I  am  in  a 
position  to  know  that  it  is  by  far  the  more  depressed  of  the  two. 

its  production  here,  in  fact  throughout  western  Europe,  has  in  recent 
years  fallen  50  per  cent,  but  still  prices  range  so  low  that  farmers  say 
they  cannot  afford  to  grow  it.  The  truth  is  its  production  is  passing 
into  the  hands  of  Kussian  peasants,  who  must  cultivate  it,  whatever  the 
return,  or  starve.  The  northern  fibre  is  nothing  like  so  good  as  the 
Flemish,  but  it  is  cheaper  and  this  is  the  great  desideratum  to  manufac- 
turers, who  feel  that  cotton  is  crowding  them  all  to  the  wall.  Indeed, 
they  are  so  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  necessity  of  producing  low- 
priced  goods  that  the  fibres  are  mixed  with  a  freedom  hitherto  unknown. 
Formerly  they  were  blended  to  increase  a  profit.  Now  they  are  mixed 
to  save  a  loss. 

Among  the  experimental  textiles,  ramie  is  the  only  one  which  has 
ever  threatened  to  trench  upon  the  hereditary  rights  of  cottou. 

The  opinion  of  experts  here  is  that  it  does  not  possess  one  single 
advantage  over  our  Southern  staple  which  is  not  more  than  counter- 
balanced by  some  marked  inferiority  to  it.  In  the  manufacture  of 
clothing  tissues,  for  instance,  its  luster  is  held  to  be  no  compensation 
for  its  impermeability.  The  latter  quality,  though  vaunted  by  its 
friends  as  one  of  its  chief  virtues,  hopelessly  handicaps  it  for  domestic 


124 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


use.  A  ramie  under-garment  is  a  shirt  of  fire  to  the  wearer,  as  it  neither 
absorbs  perspiration  nor  admits  air.  The  same  objection  applies  to  bed- 
spreads and  sheeting.  Handkerchiefs  made  of  it,  like  those  of  silk, 
smear  but  do  not  wipe. 

The  following  letter  from  one  of  the  largest  flax  manufacturers  in 
Belgium  covers  the  ground  so  briefly  and  authoritatively  that  I  give 
it  in  full : 

Referring  to  our  conversation  of  Tuesday,  I  have  the  honor  to  state  that  for  the 
last  35  years  I  have  been  a  manufacturer  of  flax,  and  during  the  whole  of  that  period 
have  had  an  eye  askance  to  ramie,  and  have  occasionally  experimented  with  it. 

It  has  no  doubt  great  qualities,  though  instead  of  being  a  universal  staple  its 
province  must  be  an  exceedingly  narrow  one.  When  chemically  treated,  it  will 
attain  a  luster  superior  to  that  of  any  other  vegetable  fiber,  and  has  been  and  will 
continue  to  be  mixed  with  silk,  wool,  flax,  and  cotton  in  certain  articles  of  half- 
luxury,  as  tapestry,  portieres,  curtains,  furniture  coverings,  water-proofs,  imitation 
dress-goods,  napery,  etc.  Its  function  will  be  to  extend  and  popularize  such  articles 
as  I  have  mentioned  among  the  middle  classes.  It  is  an  ornamental  fibre  and  must 
be  mixed  with  one  of  the  old  staples  before  entering  largely  into  domestic  use. 
Instead,  therefore,  of  diminishing  the  demand  for  cotton  it  will,  as  cheap  and  showy 
fabrics  are  always  popular  with  the  masses,  create  new  uses  for  it.  For  marine 
goods — sails,  tarpaulins,  cables,  cordage,  etc.,  ramie,  because  of  its  resistance  to 
water — when  once  washed  it  cannot  be  again  wet — is  without  a  rival.  Some  late 
experiments  made  by  the  minister  of  war,  in  France,  to  test  the  relative  fitness  of 
the  stronger  fibers  for  army  and  navy  purposes,  resulted  in  favor  of  it.  I  should  say 
that  Uemp  is  the  only  one  of  the  popular  staples  that  can  ever  be  seriously  affected 
by  it.  In  conclusion  I  will  add,  that  if  the  friends  of  flax  are  not  disturbed  by  this 
ambitious  fiber,  I  can  see  no  reason  why  those  of  cotton  should  be. 

Statement  showing  the  value  of  the  annual  importation  into  Belgium  of  cotton  and  cotton 
manufactures  from  1860  to  1891. 


Year. 


Raw  cotton. 
(Dollars.) 


1860 
1801 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 


5, 035, 
5,  856. 
4.  572, 
8,  649, 
11,470, 
13,877, 

13.  643, 
12,  046, 
15.751, 

14,  946, 
12,004, 
18  357, 
17,  556, 
14,225, 
17,435, 
17,  324, 


Thread. 
(Dollars.) 


759,  922 

1,  048, 052 

890,  367 

823,  948 

1,  464,  610 
2, 125,  709 

2,  234, 535 
1,271,863 
1, 136, 207 
1,  230,  306 
1, 498,  607 
1,  909, 450 
2, 098,  552 
2, 106, 247 
2, 178, 533 
4, 810, 390 


Tissues. 
(Dollars.) 


3, 963, 093 
4, 197,  795 
2,  840,  014 
3, 404, 850 
5, 375,  026 
6,113,059 
8, 524,  953 
6, 106,  566 
5,  503,  634 
5,  543,  358 
4, 660,  329 
5,761,642 
5,  495,  433 
5, 485, 452 
6, 308, 988 
8,  745,  930 


Tear. 


1876 

1877 

1878 

1879..... 

1880 

18S1 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Raw  cotton. 
(Dollars.) 


"Kot  giv 
11, 15" 
11,  797 
13, 405 

17,  626 
15,  852 
19, 023 

19,  876 
21, 195 

20,  796 

18,  601 
22,  954 
22,13' 
23, 707 
24, 048 
19, 253 


en." 

,834 

040 

,489 

,835 

907 

64 1 

006 

995 

.  291 

285 

,  006 

091 

767 

,293 

,360 


Thread. 
(Dollars.) 


6,341,945 
6,  474, 121 
8, 196,  359 

5,  998,  056 

3,  569, 141 
7, 583, 748 

6,  908, 260 
7. 485,  527 
8,  095, 169 

6,  862. 622 

7,  996,  619 
10,  068,  953 

5,  782, 511 

4,  288.  839 
8, 232, 832 
7, 105, 124 


Tissues. 
(Dollars.) 


7,  595,  337 
7,  217,  862 

7,  705,  460 
7,364,192 

8,  653,  968 

10,  409,  393 

11,  615,  615 

12,  710,  993 
12, 920,  452 
12, 132, 103 
15, 313, 195 
16,  803,  340 
15, 139, 811 
14,  914,  009 
17, 912,  799 
16,642,121 


Statement  showing  the  value  of  the  annual  exportation  from  Belgium  of  cotton  and  cotton 
manufactures  from  1860  to  1891. 


Tear. 

Raw  cotton. 

Thread 

Tissues. 

Tear. 

Raw  cotton. 

Tbread. 

Tissues. 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

(Dollars.) 

1860 

919,980 

997, 258 

6,  244,  608 

1876 

9, 814,  543 

6,  844, 047 

8.  053, 409 

1861 

1,  016,  526 

1,835,439 

6, 086, 090 

1877 

5, 793,  OdO 

6,  669,  469 

8,  490,  412 

1862 

1,  273,  600 

1, 042,  740 

4, 984, 474 

1878 

5,612,292 

8,181,136 

8,551,637 

1803 

2,  166, 104 
4,821,638 

1.013,902 
1,671.  L98 

5. 217,  038 
7,662,314 

1879 

1880 

5.367,716 
9.  289.  567 

8, 300, 737 
3,  521,  497 

8, 742, 902 

1864 

11, 476, 179 

1865 

4,752,583 

1, 282, 272 

5,  810,  834 

1881 

8, 797, 930 

7,719,333 

12, 337,  732 

1860 

5,957,346 

2,  005.  1 1 1 

10,  893,  653 

1882 

1 1 ,  496,  928 

7, 522,  034 

13, 300,  839 

1867 

6,08 

1,132,670 

7,415,882 

!  1883 

12.523,499 

8, 167, 654 

13,  817,  072 

1868 

7,022,361 
5,76 

1,297,819 
1,260,726 

5,817.429 
5,902,427 

1884 

!  1885 

14,399,686 
10,616,526 

8, 661. 195 
7, 073.  647 

14, 373,  393 

1869 

12, 597, 137 

1870 

5,030.407 

1,494,881 

5,800,320 

1 886 

14,320,591 

8, 154,  443 

15,  670,  494 

1871 

6,161,308 

2,284,922 

7,  365, 407 

1887 

18,  031,  458 

7,  246,  995 

17,481,475 

1*72 

6,509,  103 

2, 312, 496 

7, 098,  868 

1888 

]  7,  382,762 

6,001,185 

15, 705,  440 

1873 

6,  860,  629 

1,  879.  360 

5.  858,  430 

1889 

20,210,108 

4,  663,  540 

15,591,51:: 

1874 

9.o;,7   120 

2,324,258 

6,679,820 

1890 

10.348,909 

8,  791.  265 

18,  912. 038 

1875 

10,879,222 

5, 413.  901 

9, 285,  807 

1891 

12,  052,  848 

7, 281, 282 

17, 518, 653 

COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


125 


Report  of  Georye  L.  Catlin,  U.  S.  consul  at  Zurich,  Switzerland. 

JUNE  15,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  produced  in  Switzerland,  nor,  so  far  as  can  be  gathered 
from  a  careful  study  of  the  agricultural  history  of  the  country  from  the 
time  of  the  Roman  occupation  down  to  the  present  time,  does  it  appear 
that  any  attempt  has  ever  been  made  in  that  direction.  Indeed,  the 
nature  and  climate  of  the  soil  would  seem,  in  any  case,  to  preclude  the 
possibility  of  any  such  experiments  being  successful.  For  the  main- 
tenance other  enormous  cotton  industries,  Switzerland  must  therefore 
draw  her  raw  material  entirely  from  foreign  lands. 

COTTON    CONSUMPTION. 

As  long  as  a  century  and  a  half  ago  the  import  of  raw  cotton  into 
Switzerland  had  attained  considerable  dimensions,  and  toward  the 
close  of  the  last  century  there  were  as  many  as  50,000  persons  employed 
in  cotton-spinning  in  Zurich,  Glarus,  St.  Gall,  and  elsewhere.  Up  to 
1780,  Levant  and  West  Indian  cotton  were  almost  exclusively  imported, 
the  former  for  coarse  the  latter  for  finer  spinning.  Later,  when 
direct  commercial  relations  between  Spain  and  Switzerland  became 
more  extended,  Brazilian  cotton  began  to  be  imported  instead  of  the 
West  Indian.  It  was  not  until  1790  that  our  North  American  cotton 
first  appeared  in  Switzerland  and  began  to  compete  successfully  with 
its  older  rivals  in  the  field.  Its  progress  in  popularity  was  steady, 
though  about  1830  it  first  experienced  some  competition  from  the 
Egyptian  product.  Since  that  time  Mako  wool  (Egyptian  cotton), 
(together  with  our  Sea  Island,  as  a  mixture  in  certain  sorts),  has  been  the 
preferred  material  for  fine  spinning,  while  our  middling  and  lower  qual- 
ities (together  with  Indian  cotton  as  a  mixture  in  certain  sorts)  are 
used  in  spinning  the  medium  and  coarser  numbers  of  cotton  threads. 
During  our  civil  war  and  consequent  interval  of  nonproduction,  Levan- 
tine, West  Indian,  Italian,  and  Brazilian  cottons  all  improved  their 
opportunity  and  reappeared  on  the  Swiss  market;  but  their  success 
was  short-lived,  and  since  the  revival  of  our  productive  capacity  they 
have  ceased  to  play  any  important  part  on  the  list  of  Swiss  imports. 

Egyptian  (Mako)  alone  now  pretends  to  compete  with  us.  I  give 
herewith  a  statement  of  the  sources  of  origin  of  the  cottton,  cotton 
threads,  and  cotton  cloth  imported  into  Switzerland  during  the  year 
1891  (the  latest  year  for  which  such  figures  have  appeared).  It  shows 
at  a  glance  the  supremacy  which  our  raw  cotton  has  attained  in  the 
Swiss  market. 


Raw  cotton.* 

Cotton  thread. 

Cotton  cloth. t 

Origin. 

Tons. 

Value 
(dollars). 

Tons. 

Value 

(dollars). 

Tons. 

Value 
(dollars). 

United  States  

14.  762 
8,  669 

1,383 

- 
•J.  600,  000 
309,  BOO 

;:: 

255 
984 

384,  600 

346 

62,  400 

529 

823 

45 

86 

393,  200 

691,200      2,  IT:: 
26,200  1          08 
80, 200           126 

2,  270,000 

60, 400 

623 

115,400 

144, 000 

•Including  waste,    t No  record  of  measurement  exists. 

JThis  ootton,  of  course,  merely  passed  through  Germany,  as  no  cotton  is  grown  in  that  country. 


126 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


When  once  the  importation  of  our  North  American  staple  Degan, 
Liverpool  took  general  precedence  as  its  European  port  of  delivery, 
though  for  Swiss  orders  Havre  competed  with  it.  Since  1865  Amster- 
dam, Hamburg,  and  Bremen  have  also  grown  to  be  important  ports  of 
delivery,  and  latterly  Antwerp  has  come  into  sharp  competition  with 
them  all,  the  overland  freight  from  that  point  to  Switzerland  being 
cheaper  than  from  the  other  ports  mentioned.  At  present  the  system 
of  delivery  of  cotton  in  Switzerland  from  the  United  States  is  so  organ- 
ized that  all  the  ordinary  marks  can  be  purchased  the  whole  year 
round,  in  any  amount  required,  against  either  immediate  or  thirty  or 
sixty  days  delivery  from  Havre,  Bremen,  or  Antwerp,  or  direct  irom 
New  York  or  New  Orleans. 

RAW   COTTON. 
IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  SINCE  I860. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  Federal  customs  statistics,  shows 
the  amounts  of  raw  cotton,  cotton  thread,  and  cotton  cloth  imported 
into  and  exported  from  Switzerland  annually  from  and  including  1800 
up  to  the  present  time.  The  fact  that  the  exports  and  imports  of  cotton 
cloth  in  this  table  are  given  by  weight  only  is  due  to  the  further  fact 
that  no  record  exists  of  their  measurement,  duty  being  imposed  by  the 
weight  alone. 


Year. 


Raw  cotton. 


Import.      Export. 
Tons.  Tons. 


18G0. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1.-71. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1K75. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880 

1882. 
1883. 

1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
I -.-'.I. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 


806 
776 
750 
1,470 
1,298 
1,098 
1,558 
1,464 
1,441 
2,200 
1,768 
2,593 
1,737 
1,630 
1,168 
2,282 
2,318 
1,535 
1,508 
1,  626 
1,691 
1.7  III 
2,032 
1,970 
2,179 
2,220 
2,453 
2,112 
2,425 
2,574 
'.'.::  11 
2.027 
2,169 


Cotton  thread. 


Import. 
Tons. 


374 

386 

268 

318 

333 

476 

834 

638 

656 

568 

583 

957 

1,123 

1,117 

1,145 

1,321 

1.403 

1,1113 

1,034 

1,211 

1,556 

1,668 

1.701 

1.738 

2,043 

1,477 

1,  608 

1,  501 

1,659 

1,618 

1,637 

1,498 

1,397 


Export. 
Tons. 


1,298 
1,221 
1,663 
2.691 
1,978 
2,023 
1,787 
3,396 
4,777 
5,578 
4,937 
5,513 
4,760 
4,220 
3,881 

4,  rr_>4 
5,387 
6,067 
G,  014 
6,871 
6,070 
7,  436 
8,279 
7,811 
7,376 
6,693 
6.3S1 
6, 191 
7,842 
7,746 
6,730 
6,478 

5,  912 


Cotton  cloth,  pure 
and  mixed. 


Import.      Export. 
Tons.         Tons. 


1,934 
1,969 
1,279 
967 
1,104 
1,049 
1,713 
1,857 
1,773 
1,804 
1,783 
2,145 
2,  360 
2,558 

2,  786 
3,578 
3,479 
3.314 
3,453 
3,412 

3,  349 

::.  7_T. 

3,793 
4.465 
5,214 
3,310 

:..  (58 
3,827 

3.7-11 

3,49] 
3,930 
3,626 

3,138 


8,300 
8,106 

8.  360 
7,  957 
8,141 
9,050 
9,696 

10,  497 
11,329 

10,  940 
10,013 
11,647 
12,  372 

11,  ,S06 
12,156 

12,  666 
11,  275 

9,  7013 
11,891 
12,417 
13, 192 
11.304 

11,254 

11,483 
11,620 

8,452 
7,945 
8, 524 
11,501 
s.::n7 
7,643 
7,  672 
7,280 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


127 


Table  showing  (in  cents)  the  quotations  of  jaeonnets  and  calicoes  in  Zurich  from  i860 

to  1890,  inclusive. 


I860. 
1861. 
(862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
18T0. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1  -  -  • . 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885.. 
1886.. 
1887. 
1888.. 

1  .--•!*. 

1890. 


Jaeonnets,  82  cm. 

Calicoes 

(32.2  i 

aches). 

(35.6  ii 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

.06.6 

.06.6 

06  2 

.06.6 

.06.6 

06  ."' 

.08.3 

.06.6 

.  ID 

.09.8 

.07.8 

.15 

.09.8 

.07.8 

.14.8 

.  L0.2 

.06.8 

.11.8 

.  10.  2 

.08.9 

.12 

.09.7 

.06.1 

.  09. 1 

.07.1 

.06 

.07 

.07.2 

.06.7 

.07.3 

.06.8 

.05.3 

.07 

.06.3 

.05.3 

.07.3 

.07.6 

.06.3 

.07.7 

.07.8 

.06.5 

.06.9 

.07 

.05.9 

.06.4 

.07 

.06.1 

.06.5 

.06.1 

.04.6 

.06.3 

.04.6 

.  04.  3 

.05.4 

.04.6 

.  04.  3 

.04.7 

.05.1 

.04.3 

.04.9 

.04.7 

.04.3 

.05.1 

.04.8 

.04.5 

.05.2 

.05.6 

.04.5 

.05.2 

.05 

.04.5 

.04.8 

.04.8 

.04.6 

.04.7 

.04.7 

.04.5 

.  04.  4 

.04.7 

.04.3 

.04.5 

.04.5 

.04.3 

.04.5 

.04.7 

.04.5 

.04.3 

.04.8 

.  04.  6 

.  04.  5 

.05 

.04.8 

.04.7 

Lowest. 


.06.2 

.  0G.  2 

.06.4 

.09.5 

.09.8 

.07.9 

.07.9 

.05.3 

.05.3 

.06.4 

.05.9 

.05.8 

.06.6 

.06.1 

.06.1 

.06.3 

.05.2 

.04.6 

.04.2 

.03.9 

.04.7 

.04.8 

.04.7 

.04.6 

.04.1 

.04.1 

.04.1 

.04.3 

.04 

.04 

.04.1 


The  jaeonnets  quoted  in  the  above  tables  are  of  22/18  French  quarter 
square  inch,  and  70/120  English,  and  are  woven  from  Egyptian  cotton* 

The  calicoes  are  of  19/17  French  quarter  square  inch,  and  38/11  Eng- 
lish, and  are  woven  from  American  cotton. 


SUBSTITUTES  FOR   COTTON. 


The  importation  of  flax,  hemp,  and  jute,  raw,  spun,  and  woven,  into 
Switzerland  from  Italy,  Germany,  France,  Belgium,  England,  and  even 
so  far  as  Russia,  amounts  annually  to  between  two  and  three  million 
dollars  in  value.  The  linen  industry  of  Switzerland  is  no  more  what  it 
was  in  the  10th,  17th,  and  18th  centuries,  during  which  period  it  attained 
its  highest  prosperity.  At  that  time  a  greater  part  of  eastern  Switzer- 
land was  engaged  in  that  branch  of  textile  industry.  But  at  the  close 
of  the  last  century  cotton  came  as  a  substitute,  and  when  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  century  machinery  was  introduced  for  cotton 
spinning  and  weaving,  the  linen  manufacturers  everywhere,  excepting 
in  Canton  Berne,  abandoned  linen  and  turned  to  cotton  spinning  and 
weaving  as  more  remunerative  industries.  In  Canton  Berne,  especially 
in  the  Emmenthal  and  Oberaargau,  the  linen  interests  are  still  large 
and  important. 

But  displacement  of  cotton  by  any  of  the  fibers  used  in  the  manu- 
tures  of  linen  is,  so  far  as  Switzerland  is  concerned,  not  to  be  thought 
of.  On  the  contrary  it  is  cotton  that  is,  if  anything,  working  the  dis- 
placement of  the  others. 


128     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

COTTON  VS.  WOOL. 

That  there  is  a  struggle  between  cotton  and  wool  there  can  be 
no  question.  In  reply  to  a  communication  addressed  by  me  on  this 
subject  to  the  " Schweizerischer  Handels  unci  Industrie  Verein"  (the 
headquarters  of  which  are  in  Zurich),  I  have  received  a  statement  of 
which  the  following  is  a  translation : 

There  is  no  ground  for  speaking  of  any  regular  tendency  to  replace  cotton  by  other 
textile  materials.  At  least  in  such  a  case  Switzerland  plays  no  leading  part,  being 
satisfied,  of  course,  to  accommodate  her  production  to  £he  requirements  of  the 
fashions,  but  no  more.  There  is  consequently  no  doubt  that  in  many  articles  wool 
contests  the  lead  with  cotton,  and  successfully  at  that,  as  well  in  pure  stuffs  as  in 
mixed.     *     *     *     . 

How  long  this  rivalry  between  wool  and  cotton  will  last,  and  which  will  emerge 
victorious  from  the  struggle,  it  is  hard  to  say.  We  assume  that  cotton  will,  for 
various  reasons,  continue  to  maintain  the  upper  hand. 

The  importation  of  cotton  into  Switzerland  has  been  since  1889  constantly  falling 
off.     *     *     *     . 

This  fact  might  lead  to  a  suspicion  that  the  circumstance  alluded  to  in  your  letter 
(the  replacing  of  cotton  by  other  textile  stuffs)  has  been  operative.  Such  is,  how- 
ever, not  the  case.  The  decrease  in  the  cotton  import  is  in  all  probability  simply 
ascribable  to  the  fact  that  the  question  of  duties  and  other  important  conditions  to 
production  are  so  unfavorable  for  the  Swiss  cotton  spinning  industry  that  it  is  dif- 
ficult to  foresee  any  revival  of  it. 

The  condition  of  the  Swiss  woolen  industry  according  to  the  latest 
published  official  reports  (1891)  would  not  indicate  that  it  is  in  condi- 
tion to  make  an  active  fight  with  cotton.  I  take  from  the  report  of  the 
Swiss  Handels  und  Industrie  Yerein  for  the  year  mentioned  a  few 
extracts  as  showing  how  little  danger  there  is  of  the  competition  being 
pushed  to  any  degree,  viz : 

Worsted  spinning. — The  year  1891  may  well  be  termed  the  most  hazardous  that 
this  industry  has  passed  through  for  the  last  twenty  years.  The  previous  year's 
disproportion  between  prices  of  raw  stuffs  and  manufactured  goods  continued;  for, 
as  the  former  fell,  the  latter  were  sure  to  fall  in  the  same  ratio.  Thus  it  was  impos- 
sible at  any  time  during  the  year  to  dispose  of  goods  even  at  cost  prices. 

Prices  continued  to  manifest  a  tendency  to  fall.  The  difference  between  the 
beginning  and  end  of  the  year  amounted  to  a  whole  franc  per  kilogramme  (10  c.  a 
pound)  for  Kannettes,  No.  84. 

******* 

Knitting  yarn  also  had 'a  poor  line  of  business  to  show.  During  the  year,  for 
about  four  months,  che  working  hours  had  to  be  shortened. 

For  worsted-weaving,  matters  were,  during  the  year,  quite  as  unfavorable  as  for 
the  worsted-spinning  industry,  and  bo  this  may  be  added  thai  staple  articles,  such 
as  merinos,  cashmeres,  etc.,  and  especially  colored  piece  goods,  are  forced  to  suffer 
greatly  from  the  disfavor  of  fashion. 

For  Swiss  woolen  cloth  manufacture,  the  year  1891  was  less  favorable  than  its 
predecessor,  owing  to  the  foreign  and  especially  the  German  competition. 

From  the  foregoing  extracts  it  will  be  seen  that  the  woolen  industry 
in  Switzerland,  while  competing  with  cotton,  does  not  promise  to  con- 
tinue a  formidable  competitor.  As  for  any  measures  being  taken  to 
push  the  substitution  of  cotton  for  other  fibers,  I  would  say  that  such 
substitution  can  only  be  influenced  by  two  causes,  namely,  by  prices 
and  by  the  dictates  of fa sit  ion. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


129 


Report  of  S.  H.  M.  Bycrs,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland. 

NOVEMBER  4,  1892. 

After  the  deduction  of  export,  the  Swiss  custom-house  statistics 
show,  since  L864,  an  import  of  raw  cotton  as  follows  in  kilozeutuern 
(100  kiloweight). 


Year. 


1804 
1865 
1800 
1807 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
W74 
1875 
18JG 
1.-77 


100  kilo- 
weight.* 


95, 000 
102,  000 
145.000 

147.  cull 
181,  ( 

ISO.  (Kill 

155,  000 

Wl.  I  ii  i0 

174, 000 
190,  000 
200,  000 

174, 900 


Year. 


1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 

1884. 

L886 

1880. 

1887. 

1888 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 


100  kilo- 
weight. 


146,  400 
218, 000 
209,  000 
232, 100 
219,  300 
271,000 
257.400 
226,  649 
193,  512 
209,  341 
221,745 
284,297 
271, 947 
248, 459 


*  100  kiloweight=_20  pounds. 

As  to  the  imports  of  cotton  from  the  different   countries,  closer 
figures  can  only  be  given  for  the  last  few  years,  and  are  as  follows: 


Year. 


1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1S89 
1890 
1891 


American. 


7o.  '.i  per  '■.■nt 

oi'.  o        " 

59.3 

53.8 

56.3         •' 

59.3        " 

59.  t 


Egyptian. 


er  ceut 
32.  7 
34.  9 

" 
37.8        " 
34.  8 
34.  9 


Surats. 


2.  i  pi  i  cent 
4.6 

...  1 

:,.  9         ' ' 

."..  2         ' ' 

5.  1 

5.6 


Other  kinds. 


A  of  1% 


.1  per  cent. 


It  is  safe  to  say  that  in  former  years  the  consumption  of  Egyptian 
cotton  was  never  less  than  30  or  40  per  cent  of  the  total  import.  Surats 
and  other  sorts  were  formerly,  especially  after  the  American  war,  and 
to  the  disadvatage  of  our  country,  used  much  more  than  now. 

There  are  no  importations  of  cotton  yarn  or  cloth  from  the  United 
States. 

The  export  of  cotton  yarn  and  cotton  cloth  is,  since  the  McKinley  bill 
has  taken  effect,  considerably  reduced. 

As  to  the  production  of  hemp  and  tlax  in  this  country,  not  even  an 
estimate  can  be  given;  but.  without  a  doubt,  the  production  lias  grown 
smaller  since  the  American  war,  as  cotton  has  almost  altogether  been 
substituted  for  it.  On  the  other  hand,  it  may  be  said  that  of  late  years 
wool  has  also  made  considerable  competition  with  cotton. 

Jute  is  not  consumed  to  any  extent  in  this  country  for  articles  where 
cotton  can  be  used :  but,  of  late,  yarn  and  cloth  appear  in  the  Swiss  mar- 
ket made  out  of  "ramie."  The  yarn  and  cloth  of  "ramie"  are  manu- 
factured in  Swiss  establishments,  and  it  seems  that  some  manufactur- 
ers have  changed  from  cotton  to  "ramie"  altogether.  I  will  send  to 
the  Department,  shortly,  a  special  report  on  the  subject  of  "ramie," 
yarn,  cloth,  and  machines,  and  I  will  invite  the  committee's  attention 
to  the  same. 

COT— VOL  2 9 


130     COTTON  CULTUEE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

A  great  tendency  of  mixing  cotton  with  other  fibers  has  shown  itself 
of  late  years,  but  mostly  with  silk. 

The  American  tariff,  which  now  greatly  checks  the  Swiss  cotton 
industry  in  the  main  articles,  induces  the  manufacturers  to  pay  more 
attention  to  specialties,  and  such  efforts  may  probably  have  the  effect 
of  a  decrease  of  the  consumption  of  American  cotton  in  Switzerland  in 
favor  of  Egypt. 

The  changing  of  certain  Swiss  cotton  manufacturers  from  cotton  to 
"ramie"  is  worthy  of  special  note,  and  is  to  be  attributed  largely  to 
the  working  of  new  processes  as  to  "  ramie,"  which  will  be  described 
in  full  in  my  report  on  that  subject. 


Report  of  Roland  J.  Hemmiclt,  U.  S.  consul  at  Geneva,  Switzerland. 

AUGUST  18,  1893. 

Cotton  is  not  cultivated  in  my  consular  district,  nor  in  the  other  can- 
tons of  Switzerland. 

In  the  four  cantons  of  my  consular  district,  viz,  Geneva,  Vaud, 
Valais,  and  Fribourg,  no  cotton  factory  exists.  In  the  year  1844  there 
were  two  spinning  mills  in  the  Canton  Vaud,  but  they  were  later  aban- 
doned. In  German  Switzerland  cotton  manufacture  is  one  of  the  most 
important  industries. 

This  industry  employed  in  the  year  1890,  54,151  men  and  women;  that 
is  to  say,  34  per  cent  of  all  the  workmen  in  Switzerland. 

In  Switzerland  there  are  3,776  factories;  1,571,  or  42  per  cent,  are 
employed  in  the  cotton  business. 

Most  of  these  factories  have  no  motors,  being  run  by  hand. 

Of  the  1,571  factories,  229  have  water  motors,  84  steam-power,  182 
steam  and  water  combined,  and  9  gas  motors;  therefore  1,007,  or  more 
than  two-thirds,  are  without  motors.  The  cotton  factories  here,  one 
can  theretore  see,  number  only  504  with  motive  power,  or  21  per  cent 
of  the  whole. 

The  first  spinning  mill  was  founded  in  the  time  of  the  first  Napoleon. 
In  the  year  1820  there  existed  300,000  bobbins,  one-half  of  which  were 
in  the  Canton  of  Zurich.  In  the  year  1844  there  were  131  spinning 
mills,  distributed  in  following  cantons :  Berne,  Lucerne,  Zug,  and  Schaff- 
hausen,  each  one;  Schwitz  and  Vaud,  2;  Bale  and  Thurgovia,  4;  Glarus, 
10;  St.  Gall,  15;  Aargau,  20,  and  Zurich,  70,  with  660,000  bobbins,  as 
follows:  In  Zurich  330,000  bobbins,  Aargau  137,350,  St.  Gall  85,000, 
Glarus  62,000,  Thurgovia  22,700,  and  25,000  distributed  in  the  other 
( lantons. 

At  this  time  (1844)  Switzerland  produced  about  17,500,000  pounds  ol 
thread;  that  is,  about  100,000  pieces  each  41£  yards  and  about  90,000 
yards  of  work  in  the  houses  of  the  workmen. 

In  the  middle  ol'  this  century  competition  began  by  the  weavers  and 
workmen  of  St.  Gall  and  Appenzell,  who  made  embroidery  and  tissues 
by  weaving  in  cotton. 

In  the  years  1840-'43  Switzerland  imported  23,000,000  pounds  of 
American  cotton.  The  total  output  of  the  cotton  industry  here  is 
declared  to  be.  $14,000,000,  of  which  $3,000,000  are  consumed  in  this 
country.  At  this  time  Switzerland  produced  in  one  week  more  than 
it  consumed  in  one  year. 

lh.1  French  Government  realized  in  1800  that  the  Swiss  tissues  and 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


131 


spinning  surpassed  the  English,  and  the  reasons  were,  first,  the  tax  was 
lower:  second,  they  Lad  water  power  for  almost  nothing;  and  thirdly, 
the  workmen  had  to  work  13  hours  a  day,  for  which  they  got  10  francs, 
while  in  France  they  got  only  10  francs. 

Nos.  1  and  3  do  not  hold  the  same  today  exactly;  but  as  regards  the 
water  power,  that  is  as  cheap  as  ever. 

The  statistics  which  1  send  with  this  report  show  the  workmen,  horse- 
power, etc.,  as  follows: 


Nature  of  industry. 


Spinning  mills 

Cut  ton  and  wool 

Factory  on  cotton  w  aste 

Twist  again 

White  tissues  and  net.. 

Tissues   Jacquard 

Embroidery  of  machine. 

"  "  hook 

"         "  weaving  . 

Colored 

Stamping 

Washing 

Total 


Factories. 


Total. 


|  Number  of;    Horse 

Number   operatives,     power, 
ofmotors. 


110 

2 

3 

56 

79 
52 

1,  051 
0 
82 
36 
27 
67 


1,571 


110 

2 

3 

56 

75 

49 

3 

4 

82 

33 

27 

61 


13,  025 

13 

15 

1,195 

8,767 

5,876 

10,  721 

88 

1,111 

1  222 

3,  S78 

2,247 


54. 151 
of  which 
2!).  916  are 
women. 


22,  006 

14 

53 

1,033 

4,760 

2,  202 

31 

14 

467 

730 

1,309 

1,538 


34, 157 


The  number  of  knitting  needles  tor  spinning  was  1,854,000  in  1882, 
and  now  about  2.000,000. 

You  will  find  below  the  importation  of  raw  cotton  and  cotton  waste 
from  1860,  but  it  was  only  from  the  year  1877  that  the  statistics  sepa- 
rated the  cotton  waste  from  the  raw  cotton: 

Importation  into  Switzerland  of  raiv  cotton  and  cotton  waste  (in  millions  of  jxninds). 


Year. 

Haw  cot- 
ton and 
waste. 

Tear. 

Raw 
cotton. 

Cotton 
waste. 

Total  of 
cotton 

and 
waste. 

1860 

36.6 

32.5 

20.9 

22.  1 

24.  0 

26.1 

37. 1 

37.3 

45.4 

40.7 

41.5 

58.6 

46.1 

42 

46.7 

48.9 

54 

1877 

41.5 

34.6 

51.1 

49 

54.3 

51.5 

63.3 

60 

50.4 

43.2 

59.6 

49.3 

63 

60.1 

54.8 

53.3 

3.4 
5.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.1 
2.3 
1.6 
1.8 
2.7 
2.1 
2.9 
3.2 
2.7 
2.6 
2.1 
2.7 

44.9 
40.1 
53.6 
51.6 
56.4 
53.8 
64.9 
61.8 
53.1 
45.3 
62.  5 
52  ■> 

1861 

1878 

1862 

1878    .. 

1863 

1880 

1864 

1881 

1865 

L882 

1800 

1883  . 

1807 

1884 

1868 

1885 

1869 

1886 

1870 

1887 

1871 

1888 

1872 

1889 

65.7 

1873 

62.7 
56.9 

1874 



1891 

1875 

1892 

56 

1870 

The  total  importation  (cotton  and  waste)  attained  the  maximum  in 
the  year  1889,  and  from  this  time  there  wTas  a  decrease  each  year.  It 
is  remarked  that  the  importation  from  1862  to  1865  is  so  small,  but 
accounted  for  by  reason  of  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States. 


132 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


The  importation  of  raw  cotton  (and  countries  whence  received)  is  as 
follows : 

Importation  of  raw  cotton  into  Switzerland  (in  millions  of  pounds). 


Prom  United 
States. 

Prom  Egypt. 

Prom  India  and 
England. 

Prom  other 
countries. 

Tear. 

(Millions 

of 
pounds.) 

Per  cent 
of  total 
import. 

(Millions 

of 
pounds.) 

Per  cent 
of  total 
import. 

(Millions 

of 
pounds.) 

Per  cent 
of  total 
import. 

(Millions 

of 
pounds.) 

Per  cent 
of  total 
import. 

1885 

15.9 
19.8 
28.7 
21.5 
26.2 
23.  6 
32.5 
27.5 

32 
46 
48 
44 
41 
39 
59 
52 

17.8 

13.5 

19.9 

19. 

18.1 

20.2 

19.1 

23.1 

35 
32 
33 
39 
29 
33 
35 
43 

0.6 

1.1 

2.6 

2.5 

2.9 

3. 

3. 

2.1 

1 
3 
4 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 

16. 1 
8.8 
8.4 
6.3 
15.8 
13.3 
1. 
5. 

32 

1886 

19 

1887 

15 

1888 

12 

1889  

25 

1890 

22 

1891 

Jof    1 

1892 

1 

Switzerland  gets  its  cotton  chiefly  from  the  United  States,  Egypt, 
and  India.  The  other  countries  are  not  of  any  importance  in  this 
respect,  and  for  the  last  two  years  importation  of  cotton  from  them  has 
been  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

The  only  real  competitor  with  the  United  States  is  Egypt. 

There  are  in  Switzerland  59  establishments  employing  4,260  operatives 
in  manufactures  of  hemp,  jute,  and  wool.  The  number  of  operatives 
is  only  8  per  cent  of  the  number  engaged  in  cotton  manufactures. 


Report  of  Chas.  A.  Vortriede,  U.  8.  Consul  at  Eorgcn,  Switzerland. 

JUNE  22,  1893. 

As  the  available  statistical  information  covering  the  subject  of  the 
report  called  for  by  Department  circular  of  August  29,  1892,  embraces 
the  whole  of  Switzerland,  I  can  not  confine  myself  to  the  territory 
included  in  my  consular  district,  but  must  necessarily  write  on  the 
cotton  industry  of  the  whole  country. 

As  is  well  known,  Switzerland  is  an  industrial  country,  and  the  cot- 
ton industry  is  probably  the  most  important  of  the  various  manufac- 
turing pursuits.  I  have  obtained  the  following  information  on  the 
points  enumerated  in  the  circular  referred  to  above,  viz: 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  Switzerland. 

The  total  value  of  the  imported  and  exported  manufactures  of  cotton 
is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Tear 


Importation  of 
manufactures 

of  cotton. 
Value  in  francs. 


1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 


71,  547,  530 
64,082,452 

77, 129,  122 
(Hi,  400,  (IT:: 
82,277,  188 
82,602,627 

7i>,  44:t,  235 
62,  710, 270 


Tear. 


1895 
1S--T, 

1887 

iss> 
1889 
1890 
1891 

1892 


Exportation  of 
manufactures 

of  cotton. 
Value  in  francs. 


167, 
161, 
159, 
160, 
156, 
161, 
146, 
132, 


443,  892 
019,  789 
078, 485 
980,  932 
368,  701 
435, 169 
411,137 
377, 086 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


133 


The  franc  is  equal  to  19.3  cents  in  American  money. 
This  table  only  includes  statistics  for  the  years  188.")  to  1892,  as  those 
for  previous  years  are  not  to  be  had. 

COMPETITION   OF   OTHER  FIBERS   WITH   COTTON. 


only  enter  into  competition  with  cotton  in  a  very  limited  way  in  two 
Jaquard-loom  mills,  and  consequently  have  no  influence  whatever  upon 
our  cotton  industries." 

The  following  statistics  will  show  the  relation  of  cotton  (raw  and 
manufactured)  to  other  similar  fibers  for  a  number  of  years,  taking  the 
value  of  imports  and  exports  as  a  basis,  viz: 

Value  of  importations  of  raw  and  man  nfactured. 


Year. 


Cotton. 
(Francs.) 


Flax,  hemp, 

etc. 

(Francs.) 


Wool. 
(Francs.) 


Silk. 
(Francs.) 


1885 

issti 
1887 

ISS'.I 

1890 
1801 
1892 


71,  997,  930 
64,  082,  257 
77.  129,  122 

69,  406,  673 
82,277,  138 
82.  602,  627 

70,  443,  235 
62,710,270 


10,218,165 

11,  761. 330 

12,  403.  085 

13,  040,  847 

13,  429,  810 

14,  765, 160 
15, 105,  230 
12.  243,  730 


58, 472,  331 
63,  792,  24(1 
64,413, 198 

07,  495.  456 
74,  433,  211 
73,  913.  786 
71,640,708 
60, 715, 786 


116, 437,  530 
148.  498,  245 
143,  762,  248 
136,766,573 
167,  800,  869 
145.  041,  235 
134,  497.  690 
153,734,275 


J'altie  of  exportation*  of  raiv  and  manvfactured. 


Year. 

Cotton. 

(Francs.) 

Flax,  hemp, 
etc. 

(Francs.) 

Wool. 

(Francs.) 

Silk. 
(Francs.) 

1885 

167,443,892 
101,019.789 
159,  078,  485 
160,980,932 
156,  368,  701 
161,435,169 
140,411,137 
132.  377, 086 

1,  695, 412 

1,  636, 586 
2, 018,  705 
2, 003, 630 

2,  652,  928 
2,  753,  895 
1,  995, 132 
1, 588, 178 

12, 620,  966 
14,  540,  364 
16,  462,  716 
16,  394,  061 

20,  913,  808 

21,  526,  599 
20,  907,  799 
18, 129, 742 

174, 857, 774 

1886 

193,  000,  939 

1887 

201, 229, 580 

1888 

204, 184, 189 

1889 

217,811,256 

1890 

1891 

204,  094,  676 
196,  247,  311 

lt-y                         

209,  910,  602 

111  these  tables  cotton  and  silk  mixed  fabrics  are  placed  under  the 
head  of  Silk. 

GENERAL  INFORMATION   AND   REMARKS. 


These  figures  hardly  tend  to  show  that  any  of  the  competing  fibers 
are  displacing  cotton  in  the  Swiss  industries  to  any  great  extent.  The 
importation  and  exportation  of  silk  seems  to  be  steadily  on  the  increase, 
while  cotton  is  taking  the  opposite  course.  This  may  perhaps  be 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  ladies  have  of  late  years  used  silk  as 
material  for  some  of  their  under-garments  that  were  formerly  made  of 
cotton  fabrics. 

The  first  importation  of  cotton  from  the  United  States  to  this  country 
took  place  during  the  last  decade  of  the  18th  century.  The  best  brands 
of  American  cotton  gradually  took  the  place  of  the  South  American 
and  the  poorer  qualities  of  the  Levantine,  which  latter  grade  was  also 


134     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

superseded  by  the  Egyptian.  Mako  (Egyptian)  cotton,  in  addition  to 
Sea  Island,  lias  since  1840  been  the  principal  raw  material  used  for  the 
spinning-  of  the  finer  grades  of  yarn,  while  the  middling  grade  and  com- 
mon United  States  cotton,  with  the  addition  of  Indian  cotton  as  a  mix- 
ture for  certain  qualities,  has  been  used  in  the  production  of  tbe  medium 
and  coarse  yarns.  The  principal  raw  material  that  was  originally  used 
in  the  Swiss  mills,  namely  Levantine,  Italian,  West  Indian,  and  South 
American  cotton,  again  came  into  prominent  use  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  but  since  then  has  been  entirely  discarded. 

The  Egyptian  cotton  has  become  a  serious  competitor  of  the  Ameri- 
can cotton.  Its  consumption  has  greatly  increased.  Numerous  mills 
have  discontinued  to  spin  American  cotton,  and  have  arranged  their 
mills  for  the  spinning  of  Mako;  America  itself  is  importing  Mako  in 
increasing  quantities,  the  importation  of  last  year  already  amounting 
to  25,000  bales.  This  increased  consumption  of  Mako  is  favored  by  the 
reduction  of  the  difference  in  price  between  Mako  and  American  cot- 
ton. While  formerly  the  difference  in  price  between  middling  upland 
and  Mako  good  fair  was  4  to  6  francs,  it  has  fallen  to  a  trifle  less  than 
1  franc.  This  has  also  had  its  effect  with  us;  our  importation  of  Mako 
has  increased  from  86,689  quintals  in  1891.  to  104,654  quintals  in  1892, 
while  the  importation  of  American  cotton  was  22,910  quintals  less. 

THE   SPINNING  INDUSTRY. 

The  decline  in  the  prices  of  yarns,  which  began  in  the  fall  of  1890  and 
continued  throughout  1891,  maintained  itself  until  the  fall  of  1892. 
This  tendency  towards  a  steady  decline  was,  however,  only  a  peculiarity 
of  the  Swiss  and  English  markets.  If  we  examine  into  the  cause, 
which  was  responsible  fort-he  less  favorable  conditions  in  England  and 
Switzerland,  it  can  probably  be  traced  to  the  largely  decreased  export 
of  yarns  and  fabrics  from  these  two  countries.  We  can  assume  \fith 
certainty  that  in  this  country  the  exports  of  this  class  have  fallen  below 
tbe  allowable  minimum. 

Since  1889  they  have  steadily  decreased  from  64,282  quintals  to 
44,789  in  1892. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

1st.  That  the  American  cotton  planters  are  being  placed  in  the  same 
position  by  the  increased  production  of  cotton  in  Egypt,  due  to  the 
improved  condition  of  the  country  under  the  protection  of  the  English 
Government,  that  the  Americau  wheat-raising  agriculturists  were,  by 
the  competition  of  the  wheat-growing  districts  of  India,  fostered  by  the 
same  ruling  power. 

2nd.  That  the  American  planter  would  probably  receive  better 
returns  if  he  planted  a  smaller  area  and  strove  to  improve  the  quality 
of  his  product. 


Report  of  Mr.  Hens,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Constantinople,  Turkey. 

SEPTEMBER  27,  1892. 

A  very  little  cotton  is  grown  in  this  consular  district,  viz,  in  the 
village  of  Maidos,  below  Gallipoli,  in  European  Turkey,  and  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Gheiveh,  on  the  Asiatic,  side  near  Nicomedia,  in  Asiatic  Turkey. 

A   considerable  amount  of  raw  cotton,  cotton   thread,  and   cotton 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  135 

cloth  (pure  and  mixed)  is  imported  into  this  consular  district,  but,  iu 
the  absence  of  special  official  statistics,  no  accurate  information  can  be 
given. 

Tliere  are  no  fibers  which  can  compete  with  or  displace  cotton,  in 
this  consular  district,  as  cotton  is  competing  with  such  fibers  as  wool, 
flax,  etc.,  winch  are  daily  more  or  less  displaced  by  cotton. 

Raw  cotton  is  much  used  in  this  country,  especially  among  the  Turks, 
who  have  created  many  domestic  usages  of  said  fiber.  Most  of  the 
cotton  imported  into  this  place  is  from  Asiatic  Turkey  and  Egypt.  No 
American  cotton  is  imported  into  this  district,  owing  to  the  great  dis- 
tance and  the  additional  freight. 


Report  of  M.  A.  Jewett,  U.  8.  consul  at  Sivas,  Turkey. 

MAY  26,  1893. 

Cotton  growing. — No  cotton  is  grown  in  this  province. 

Cotton  consumption. — In  a  year  of  average  prosperity  about  10,000 
bales  of  raw  cotton  are  imported  into  the  province  from  other  parts  of 
A  sia-Minor,  chiefly  from  Harpoot  and  Adena.  Each  bale  weighs  about 
165  pounds,  and  the  cost  of  the  yearly  importation  is  estimated  at  about 
$150,000.  The  raw  cotton  is  made  into  yarn  and  woven  into  a  coarse 
kind  of  cloth  called  "  donlouk,"  much  used  by  men  for  trousers  and 
other  garments.  "  Donlouk  "  comes  in  pieces  about  10  yards  long  and 
17  inches  wide,  and  weighs  about  2f  pounds  per  piece. 

About  12,000  bales  of  cotton  thread  are  imported  from  England  for 
the  manufacture  of  "  inanisa,"  a  sort  of  gingham.  It  is  valued  at  about 
8100,000. 

Also  about  $120,000  worth  of  printed  cotton  and  about  $100,000  worth 
of  shirtings  are  annually  imported.  These  latter  are  the  cheaper  grades 
of  Manchester  "  calicos." 

The  manufacture  of  "  donlouk  "  and  u  manisa"  is  a  domestic  industry. 
These  cloths  are  made  on  rude,  primitive  hand-looms,  by  women  and 
children,  in  the  native  houses.  Probably  there  are  as  many  as  10,000 
such  looms  operated  in  this  province. 

I  am  told  that  no  other  libers  are  substituted  for  cotton  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cloth  in  this  country,  and  that  cotton  is  not  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  any  of  the  woolen  fabrics. 


Report  of  M.  A.  Jcicctt,  IT.  S.  consul  at  Sivas,  Turkey. 

JUISE  30,  1S93. 

It  is  estimated  that  in  the  Province  of  Harpoot  about  2,145,000 
pounds  of  cotton  (equal  to  about  5,400  bales)  are  annually  raised.  As 
to  the  area  cultivated  it  is  impossible  to  get  any  information  of  value. 

The  cotton  seed  is  sown  about  the  latter  part  of  May.  The  seed  is 
sown  broadcast.  It  is  then  covered,  and  the  ground  smoothed  by  means 
of  a  heavy  stick  drawn  over  the  ground — a  man  standing  on  the  stick 
to  add  to  its  weight.  After  the  plant  is  up  it  is  hoed  occasionally, 
superfluous  stalks  being  pulled  up.  The  aim  is  to  have  the  plants 
about  eight  inches  apart.     The  field  is  watered  by  irrigation  about  once 


136      COl TON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

in  ter.  days.  At  the  time  of  harvesting  a  large  number  of  women  and 
children  are  employed  to  gather  the  bolls.  All  the  subsequent  work  is 
done  by  hand,  except  that  during-  the  past  few  years  cotton  gins  have 
been  introduced  and  have  largely  superseded  the  old  hand-gins. 

The  cotton  is  made  into  short  rolls  by  means  of  hand-cards,  spun  on 
little  wheels,  and  woven  on  rude  looms  into  the  cloth  known  as  "dun- 
louk." 

The  cotton  raised  here  is  of  inferior  quality,  with  short  staple.  About 
three  fourths  of  the  yearly  product  is  consumed  in  the  province  and 
the  remaining  one-fourth  sent  to  other  parts  of  this  country. 

Throughout  Asia  Minor  the  villagers  dress  almost  wholly  in  cotton 
cloth,  and  the  underwear  of  the  majority  in  the  cities  is  also  cotton,  the 
year  round.  Almost  every  family  has  a  hand  loom.  The  manufacture 
of  cloth  is  very  laborious;  but  the  time  given  to  it  is  of  little  or  no 
pecuniary  value. 

During  1893  twenty-five  bales  of  white  cotton  cloth,  called  "  American 
Cabot  A,"  manufactured  by  the  Dwight  Manufacturing  Co.,  were  im- 
ported into  the  Harpoot  district  from  the  United  States.  With  this 
exception,  I  think,  all  the  cotton  imported  comes  from  England. 

It  is  difficult  for  any  manufacturer  to  produce  a  cloth  cheap  enough 
to  compete  with  the  native  products. 


Report  of  W.  G.  Emmet,  U.  S.  consul  at  Smyrna,  Turkey. 

JULY  22,  1S93. 

Owing  to  the  utter  lack  of  statistics  (official  or  private)  there  is  no 
possibility  of  stating  the  area  of  cotton  plantations  in  this  district. 

There  are  many  localities  of  this  province  suitable  for  cotton  planta- 
tions, and  in  former  years  the  yield  reached  55,000  to  65,000  bales  per 
annum ;  but  owing  to  the  low  prices  prevailing  of  recent  years  the  yields 
hardly  attain  30,000  to  35,000  bales.  Should  the  prices  continue  to  fall 
the  crop  will  be  much  smaller  and  the  cotton  fields  will  ultimately  be 
sown  with  maize  and  sesamum  seed,  as  is  already  done  in  some  locali- 
ties. 

An  acre  yields  from  5£  to  13i  cwt.  of  (unginned)  cotton. 

The  present  prices  run  between  4',  to  5  cents  per  pound. 

Twenty-five  to  thirty  per  cent  of  the  crop  is  kept  for  home  use;  the 
remainder  is  shipped  mainly  to  Spain,  Germany,  Italy,  and  Greece.  A 
small  portion  finds  its  way  to  Russia,  England,  Constantinople,  and 
other  Turkish  ports. 

The  seed  mainly  employed  is  native;  some  15  or  20  years  ago  Ameri- 
can seed  was  imported,  and  is  sparingly  employed  up  to  the  present 
time. 

The  fields  are  plowed  with  native  plows,  of  a  pattern  introduced 
centuries  ago,  drawn  by  oxen.  When  ripe,  the  crop  is  gathered  by  hand 
and  then  run  through  loose  wooden  rollers  to  free  it  from  the  pod.  Flat 
gins  are  used  for  separating  the  seed. 

The  kind  of  cotton  raised  is  known  as  short  white  staple.  This  is 
the  only  quality  grown,  and  hence  has  to  be  used  both  for  home  con- 
sumption and  export. 

No  improvements  in  the  cotton  industry  are  noticeable  in  this  dis- 
trict, and  none  are  likely  to  be  introduced.  The  weaving  is  carried  on 
in  th*  most  primitive  way,  on  hand-looms  similar  to  those  of  centuries 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  137 

ago,  and  the  cloth  produced  is  of  a  narrow  width  and  coarseness  to  suit 
the  purposes  of  the  weaver  or  those  who  patronize  his  loom  in  the 
neighborhood.    The  material  is  very  durable. 

From  six  to  eight  thousand  bales  of  cotton  yarn  are  imported  annually 
into  Smyrna  and  Salonica,  the  prices  of  which  are  governed  by  the 
English  markets. 

Strictly  speaking,  the  cotton  is  never  mixed  with  any  other  fiber,  as 
the  only  cotton  industry  in  this  district  is  the  production  of  coarse  cot- 
ton yarn  and  weaving  the  same  as  required  by  the  lowest  class  of  inhab- 
itants. There  is,  however,  a  limited  use  of  cotton  yarn  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cheap  Ghiordes  and  Coula  rugs. 

There  are  no  statistics  kept  or  obtainable  in  Turkey,  and  no  reliable 
data  is  to  be  had  on  the  cotton  cultivation  and  industry. 


Report  of  John  Worthington,  U.  S.  consul  at  Malta. 

MAY  10,  1S93. 

In  compliance  with  the  directions  contained  in  Department  of  State 
circulars  of  August  29,  1892,  and  April  4,  1893,  I  respectfully  submit 
to  the  Senate  Committee  of  Agriculture  the  accompanying  Report  on 
the  subject  of  Cotton  in  Malta: — Its  cultivation,  manufacture  and  trade. 

This  report  was,  at  my  request,  kindly  prepared  by  Marquis  Testa- 
ferrata  Olivier,  president  of  the  Agricultural  Society  of  Malta,  who  is 
by  far  the  best  authority  on  the  subject  in  the  Maltese  Islands. 

"  I  can  only  give  the  following  numbers,  which  I  find  in  the  '  Histoire 
de  Malte  par  M.  Miege,'  published  in  Paris  in  1840,  in  a  table  showing 
the  quantity  of  land  allotted  to  each  culture  in  Malta.  In  this  table 
cotton  appears  to  be  grown  on  9,510  acres,  producing  21,385  cantars,  or 
4,907,481  lbs.  of  cotton  wool.  In  1890  the  aggregate  area  under  culti- 
vation for  cotton  was  only  1,980  acres,  yielding  a  produce  of  9,214  can- 
tars, or  1,854,317  lbs.,  and  in  1891  the  area  was  1,209  acres,  with  an 
expected  produce  of  4,828  cantars,  or  971,035  lbs." 

It  can  be  said  with  little  fear  of  error  that  the  tendency  of  cotton- 
growing  is  to  decrease.  The  expenses  of  cultivation  are  high  and  the 
prices  are  low,  and  unless  a  new  impulse  is  given  to  it  by  new  methods 
of  tillage,  diminishing  the  expense  or  increasing  the  production,  or  the 
introduction  of  new  seed  giving  a  larger  crop  or  a  quality  more  demanded 
and  fetching  a  higher  price,  the  prospect  is  the  disappearance  of  this 
once  lucrative  culture.  I  am  not  aware  as  to  whence  the  original  seed 
of  the  cotton  cultivated  in  Malta  was  first  imported  and  under  what  cir- 
cumstances. It  is  a  variety  of  the  Gossypium  herbaceum.  It  has  been 
used  since  very  many  years  and  is  entirely  acclimated.  Its  shrub  is 
small,  18  to  24  inches  high,  and  yield  8  to  10  pods  (bolls)  and  in  some 
cases  more,  with  4  divisions  containing  abundant  fine,  white,  very  short 
stapled  cotton. 

"  Some  years  ago  the  Agrarian  Society,  over  which  I  have  the  honor 
of  presiding,  made  several  attempts  to  introduce  the  cultivation  of  new 
kinds  of  seed.  Amongst  others  the  Sea  Island  cotton  was  tried  as  well 
as  the  Bamia  cotton — imported  from  Egypt.  Of  this  latter  I  had  occa- 
sion to  watch  an  experiment  which,  as  far  as  carried  out,  appeared  to 
promise  success.  The  shrub  of  this  cotton  rose  to  the  height  of  seven 
feet  or  more,  and  each  yielded  from  thirty  to  forty  pods  (bolls)  with 


138     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

very  fine,  snow- white  wool  having-  a  much  longer  staple  than  that  of  our 
cotton.  But,  owing  principally  to  prejudice  on  the  part  of  our  farmers, 
experiments  on  a  large  scale  were  not  carried  out,  and  although  this 
cotton  is  still  grown  as  a  curiosity,  I  may  say  its  cultivation  has  never 
been  spread. 

"Besides  the  ordinary  white  cotton,  the  natural  yellow  cotton  (Gos- 
sypium  reUgiosum)  was  also  formerly  extensively  cultivated  for  the 
manufacture  of  nankeen  blankets  and  cloth,  of  which  there  was  a  great 
consumption  in  the  island,  as  well  as  some  exportation.  Very  little  of 
this  cotton  is  now  cultivated. 

"  The  peculiarity  of  our  cotton  is  the  shortness  of  its  staple.  This 
makes  it  unfit  for  certain  purposes,  but  most  adapted  for  others. 

"  During  the  American  war,  I  understand,  when  large  quantities  of 
our  cotton  found  their  way  to  the  great  factories  of  England  and  other 
countries,  special  looms  had  to  be  constructed  to  work  it,  as  its  short 
staple  could  not  be  worked  by  the  ordinary  machinery.  On  the  other 
hand,  our  sail  cloth  was  considered  the  best,  being  the  most  elastic 
and  resisting  the  inclemency  of  the  weather.  Water-hose,  made  of  our 
sail  cloth,  are  excellent,  water  soaking  easily  into  the  short  staple  and 
making  the  fabric  quite  water-tight. 

"  For  lamp  wicks,  our  cotton  is  said  to  be  superior  to  most  other 
qualities,  capillary  attraction  in  its  short  staple  being  most  powerful ; 
and  I  understand  it  was  also  at  one  time  preferred  in  the  factories  of 
Barcelona  on  account  of  its  better  capability  of  being  dyed. 

"  If  cotton  were  to  be  cultivated  as  a  speculation  by  any  one  who 
would  have  to  pay  for  the  labor,  the  cost  of  production  on  most  lands 
would  be  very  high,  perhaps  higher  than  the  value  of  the  crop  obtained. 

"  But  the  Maltese  agriculturer  is  himself  a  laborer,  and,  if  he  has  a 
large  family,  he  pays  nothing  for  labor.  He  has  the  seed  from  the  crop 
of  the  preceding  year;  often  has  sufficient  manure  from  his  own  cattle, 
and,  in  some  cases,  the  land  is  his  own  property,  and  therefore  he  pays 
no  rent.  Our  agrarian  rotation  extends  over  four  years,  cotton  being 
now  only  grown  once,  when  grown  at  all,  and  wheat,  clover,  potatoes, 
cumin,  vetches,  maize,  &c,  are  grown  in  the  other  years." 

Notk. — It  is  regretted  that  the  limitations  of  space  do  not  permit  the  use  of  fuller 
extracts  from  the  very  interesting  report  of  the  Marquis  Olivier. 


Wages  paid  in  cotton  factories  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  United  States. 

The  following  table  was  presented  to  the  International  Congress 
held  at  Antwerp,  in  1892,  by  Mr.  Louis  Strauss,  of  Antwerp. 

International  Congress  of  Antwerp  on  tiie  Subject  of  Tariff  Legisla- 
tion and  Regulation  of  Labor  Laws.  Section  No.  2.  Tenth  Question: 
What  Influence  does  Protective  Tariff  Exert  upon  Wages? 

wages  in  the  cotton  industry. 

Notes  gathered  in  1892  by  Monsieur  L.  Strauss,  honorary  consul,  president  of  the 
Society  of  Old  students  of  Institute  of  Commerce,  of  Antwerp;  vice-president  <>t 
superior  council  of  industry  and  commerce  of  the  section  of  commercial  geography 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Antwerp. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  139 

Table  showiny  the  weekly  wages  paid  in  the  cotton  industry  in  the  several  countries. 


CI  leeifi:  .it    ii. 


First  foreman  for  preparing 

cotton 

Second  foreman  for  prepar- 
ing cotton 

Firsl   foreman  for  spinning 

mill 

Second  foreman  for  spinning 

mill 

Foreman  for  weaving 

Carpi  liter 

Mason 

Blacksmith 

First  Stoker 

Second  stoker 

Engineer 

First  oiler 

Second  oiler 

Workmen    tending  beating 

machines 

Card-sharpeners 

Carders : 

Men 

"Women 

"Workers  of  spindle  frames 

— (women) 

Bobbin-winders : 

Men 

"Women 

Spinners : 

Men 

Women 

Winders: 

Men 

Women 

Fasteners: 

Adults 

Minors 

Weavers  of  unbleached  cloth 

1  and  2  looms 

41ooms 

6  looms 

Weavers  of  colored  cloth.: 

1  loom 

2  looms 


Belgium 
(eg  hours). 


$4.40 


4.40 

4.00 
$4.  00  to  4.  40 
4.80 
4.50 
4.  'JO 
4.40 
4.00 

4.80  to  5.60 
4.40 

3.  CO  to  4.  00 

2. 50  to  3.  04 
2.  50  to  3.  04 

2.  GO 
2.40 

2.60 

2.00 

1.80 

5.20 

1.80 

2.80 
2.60 

3.20  to  3.40 
1.00  to  l.Si) 

3. 00  to  3.  20 
(*) 
(*) 


3.  00  to  3. 20 


Holland 
(63J  hours). 


$9.00 

5.00 

8.00 

5.00 
$4.  00  to  5.  00 
4.  (10 
4.00 
4.00 
5.00 
5.60 
5. 00  to  7.  (JO 
5.00 
3.60 

4.00 
4.40 

4.00 
2.40 

2. 40  to  3.  00 


1.80 
5.00 


3.00 
1.60 

3.20 

1.80 

2.40 
3.  20  to  3.  40 
(*) 

1.  60  to  1.  80 

3.  40  to  3.  80 


England 
(56j  hours). 


$9.50 


8.10 
5.30 


10.80  to  11.60 
5.30 


6. 20  to  7. 20 
2.60 


3.00  to  4.00 


7.  50  to  8.  87i 
3.  00  to  3.  30 


3.  20  to  3. 40 

4.40 
2. 75  to  3.  25 

4.00 
5.20 
6.65 


Switzerland 
(65  hours). 


(*) 


$7.80 

4.80 

8.40 

4.80 
8.40 
4.80 
4.80 
5.00 
6.60 
5.40 
6.60 


2.88 
2.64 


2.40 
2.04 


2.64 


2.40 

2.40 


5.00 
3.00 


2.52 
1.92 


3.96 

4.20 


3.60 
3.96 


:  Do  not  exist. 


Classification. 


First  foreman  for  preparing 
cotton 

Second  foreman  for  prepar- 
ing cotton 

First  foreman  for  spinning 
mill 

Second  foreman  for  spinning 
mill '".. 

Foreman  for  weaving 

Carpenter 

Mason 

Blacksmith 

First  stoker 

Second  stoker 

Engineer 

First  oiler 

Second  oiler 

Workmen    tending    beating 
machines 

Card-sharpeners 

Carders : 

Men 

Women 

Workers  of  spindle  frames 
(women) 

Bobbin-winders : 

Men 

Women 


Franco 
(72  hours). 


$7.  00  to  $8.  00 

6.00 

7.  00  to  8.  00 

6.00 
7.20  to  8.00 
7.  20 
6.60 
6.48 
5.00 
3.60 
7. 00  to  8.  00 
6.00 


3.  60  to  4.  20 
4.40  to  4.80 


4.20 
2.10 


3.00  to  4.20 


2.40  to  3.00 
1.80 


Spain 
(64  hours). 


$8.00 
4.00 


4.00 
.00  to  10.00 


5.00  to 

5.110  to 

5.  00  to 

5. 00  to 

4.  00  to 

8.00  to  10.00 

4.00  to     5.00 


C..(iii 
6.00 
6.00 
6.00 
5.00 


3.  60  to    4. 00 
3.60 

3.60  to    4.00 

2. 80  to    3. 00 

2.  80  to    3.  60 


Russian  Poland 
(72  to  78  hours). 


$9.  00 

8.00 

9.00 

8.00 
$9.00  to  10.00 
3.60 
2.50 
3.50 
3.20 


6.00 
3.25 
2.75 

2. 25 
i.20 

2.25 
2.25 

2.12* 


British  India 

(Bombay, 
63  to  66  hours). 


$10.  00  to  $16.  66 

4.  00  to    5. 00 

10.  00  to  16.  66 

4.  00  to  5.  00 
10.00  to  16.66 
1. 33  to    2.  66 


1.88  to    2.66 

1.00  to.  1.60 


2.66  to 


4.00 
1.64 
1.00 


.66  to     1.00 


1.00  to    1.20 
1.00  to    1.33 


1.20 


.  /3  to      .93 


140     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Tahle  showing  the  weekly  wages  paid  in  the  cotton  industry,  etc. — Continued. 


Classification. 

Prance 
(72  hours). 

Spain 
(04  hours). 

Russian  Poland 

(72  to  78  hours). 

British  India 

(Bombay, 
63  to  66  hours). 

Spinners : 

6.00 
4.20 

3.60 
2.40 

2.70 
2.10 

3.00 
<*) 
(*) 

(*) 
3.  60  to  4.  00 

5. 00  to  6. 00 

3. 25  to  4.  75 
1. 50  to  1.  75 

2.50  to  3.00 

1. 00  to  1. 10 

"Winders : 

3.00 
2.80 

2.40  to  3.20 
1.  20  to  1.  80 

3.60  to  4.80 

. 33  to    .  60 

Fasteners: 

1.65 

1.20 

2.  25  to  3.  00 

.73  to    .93 

Weavers  oi  unbleached  cloth : 

.  60  to    .  80 

.93  to  2.0» 

Weavers  of  colored  cloth  : 

5.00 

*  Do  not  exist. 


Classification. 


United  States. 


Massachusetts 
(60  hours). 


Pennsylvania 
(60  hours). 


Georgia 
(60  hours). 


Virginia 

(60  hours). 


First  foreman  for  preparing 

cotton 

Second  foreman  for  prepar- 
ing cotton 

First  foreman  for    spinning 

mill 

Second  foreman  for  spinning 

mill 

Foreman  for  weaving 

Carpenter 

SI  ason 

Blacksmith 

First  stoker 

Second  stoker 

Engineer 

First  oiler 

Workmen    tending  beating 

machines 

Cud  sharpeners 

Carders : 

Men 

Women 

Workers  of  spindle  frames 

(women) 

Bobbin  winders: 

Men 

Women 

Spinners  (men) 

Winders: 

Men 

Women 

Fasteners: 

Adults 

Minors 

Weavers  of  unbleached  clol  h  : 

1  and  2  looms 

4  looms 

6  looms 

Weavers  of  colored  do!  li : 

1  loom 

2  looms 


$16.  50  to  $20. 00 


18.  00  to  22.  50 


18.  00  to  21.  00 
13.50 
18.00 

12.  00  to  13.  50 
10.00 


10. 20  to  12.  90 
5.40 


7.20 
6.72 

4. 50  to  6. 00 

7.50 
6.00 


$25.  00 

$16.00  to  18.00 

15.  00  to  20. 00 

12.  00  to  15. 00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 
18.00 
12.00 
10.  00 
15.00 
9.00 

7. 00  to    8.  00 

8.00  to  10.00 


14.00 


5.  00  to  6.  00 
4. 00  to  5. 00 

"io.'oo 


6.00 
6.00 


3-90 

3.60 
4. 00  to  4. 20 

7.00 


4.  00  to  5.  00 


5.00 


12.  00  to  17.  00 


$18.  00 
9.00 
18.00 
10.    50 


9.00 
15.00 


$15. 00 

9.00 

15.  00 

7.50 

18. 00 

10.50 

£10.  50  to  12.00 

12.00 

7.50 

6.00 

15.  00  to  18. 00 

6.00 

5.40 
7.50 

5. 40  to  6.00 
3.  60  to  3.  80 

4. 50  to  4. 80 

3.00 


3.  60  to  3. 80 
3.60 


NOTES   BY   51 K.    STRAUSS. 


Belgium.— General  tariff  slightly  protective ;  tariff  on  cotton  manufactures  highly 
protective.  The  factories  wished  to  iutrodnce  weaving  with  four  looms,  which  had 
given  such  good  results  in  England  and  the  United  Btates,  but  the.  workmen  objected, 
and  in  1885  struck  on  that  account.  In  England  and  the  United  States  weaving  is 
done  with  as  many  as  ten  looms. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


141 


Holland. — Tariff  fairly  free,  both  general  and  special  (cotton  goods). 

England. — Free  trade 

Switzerland. — Tariff  fairly  free,  both  general  and  special. 

France. — Tariff  highly  protective. 

Spain. — Tariff  highly  protective.  Information  furnished  by  the  Belgian  consul 
and  factories  at  Barcelona.  No  note  has  been  made  of  the  loss  by  exchange,  mak- 
ing the  salaries  15  to  20  per  cent  less  in  value.  The  great  number  of  fetes  in  Spain, 
aa  well  ;is  the  local  fetes  of  each  village,  has  an  influence  on  the  cost  of  the  produc- 
tion of  all  manufacturing  industries,  since  the  general  expenses  are  the  same  for  the 
complete  week  as  for  a  week  in  which  occur  holidays,  when  the  people  do  not  work. 

Russian  Poland. — Tariff  highly  protective. 

British  India. — Free  trade.  Information  obtained  from  the  bureau  of  statistics  of 
the  department  of  finance  and  of  the  commerce  of  India,  1892,  and  also  from  the 
factories  of  Bombay.  The  rupee  is  taken  at  1.50  francs  (30  cents).  The  figures  in 
the  table  are  based  on  the  cotton  industry  of  the  Bombay  presidency.  In  the  North 
the  workmen  gain  13  cents  per  week  and  the  women  20  cents 

United1  States. — Tariff  highly  protective.  Statistics  obtained  from  the  Belgian 
consul-general. 


Report  of  I.  J.  Manatt,  TJ.  8.  Consul  at  Athens,  Greece. 

JANUARY  5,  1893. 
COTTON   INDUSTRY  IN   GREECE. 

Present  state  of  the  industry. — The  total  area  reported  as  devoted  to 
cotton- growing  in  1892  is  14,160  acres,  yielding  11,652,560  pounds,  or 
an  average  of  823  pounds  of  unginned  cotton  per  acre,  the  average 
cost  of  production  per  acre  being  estimated  at  43  drachmas  (worth  at 
present  rates  of  exchange  about  $5.59).  This  is  distributed  over  the 
country  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 


Pistrict. 


Theasaly 

Boeotia. 

Lebadeia 
Tbebea  .. 

Argos 

Laconia: 

Heios 

Boiai 

Lacedremon  . 

Total . . 


Under  cul- 
tivation. 
(Acres). 


150 


8,250 
75 


5,000 
60 


14,160 


Production 

unginned 

cotton. 

(Pounds.) 


29,  750 


9,  330,  000 
42, 450 

84,  900 


1,981.000 
33,  960 

141,500 


Average 
yield  un- 
ginned cot- 
ton per  acre 
(Pounds.) 


1,  132 
566 


679 


396 
506 


11,  652, 560 


823 


A  vera go 
cost  of  pro- 
duct ion  per 
acre. 


$6.50 


7.20 
5.  20 


4.16 


2.60 
7.20 


4. 35 


Of  the  total  area  adapted  to  cotton-growing  I  can  give  no  definite 
estimate.  In  general,  it  may  be  said  that  there  is  much  more  than  is 
likely  to  be  used  in  this  generation.  Greece  has  more  land  than  labor, 
and  there  is  no  probability  at  present  of  an  increase  in  the  acreage  of 
cotton.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  less  t  ban  half  the  land  devoted  to  cotton 
twenty  years  ago  is  now  so  used.  Other  crops  yield  better  returns, 
and  so  Greece  grows  less  cotton  than  she  consumes. 


142 


COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON   MANUFACTURES,  AND 


IMPORTATION   OF   COTTON. 

Greece  imported  in  1890  as  follows  : 

Raw  cotton,        1,956,000  lbs.,  valued  at $175,  000 

Cotton  yarn,        1,290.135  lbs.,  valued  at 310,000 

Cotton  textiles,  6,524,409  lbs.,  valued  at 2,306,260 

Of  this,  the  lion's  share  came  from  England,  that  country  furnish- 
ing- about  seven-eighths  of  the  cotton  thread  and  three-fourths  of  the 
tissues. 

Cotton  manufactures. — Greece  has  16  cotton  mills  running  37,000  spin- 
dles. Of  these,  10  are  in  Attica  and  Bceotia,  2  in  Achaia,  2  in  Cycla- 
des.l  in  Enboea,  1  in  Phocis.  But  cotton  spinning  is  largely  a  house- 
hold industry.  In  rural  Greece,  whether  continental  or  insular,  one 
hardly  meets  a  woman  or  girl  without  a  distaff  iu  hand.  Even  the 
shepherdess  and  the  market-woman  are  seen  spinning  on  the  way. 


Report  of  E.  Hancock,  U.  S.  consul  at  Patras,  Greece. 

J  ONE  8,  1893. 

No  cotton  is  grown  in  this  consular  district. 

A  trilling  quantity  of  raw  cotton  is  received  from  Livadia,  in  north- 
eastern Greece,  by  a  spinning  mill  here,  and  made  into  twist. 
Nearly  all  the  cotton  cloth  imported  here  comes  from  England. 


Report  of  Wallace  Bruce,  TJ.  8.  consul,  at  Leith  and  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 

DECEMBER  12,  1892. 

Within  this  consular  district  no  cotton  is  grown,  nor  is  any  cotton 
material  manufactured.  From  statements  of  the  trade  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  published  each  year  by  the  British  Government,  I  have  com- 
piled the  following  tables,  relative  to  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures : 

Imports  to  Great  Britain  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton  during  the  years  1S89, 

1890,  and  1891. 


Quantities. 

Value. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

Raw  cotton cwt.. 

Cotton  yarn lbs.. 

Cotton-waste  (raw  and 

jam) Hi*.. 

Cotton  manufactures : 
Piece  goods : 

.Muslins. .  .yds. . 

Other  than  muslins, 

--; yds  .. 

17,  298,  770 
8,  807, 842 

18, 945,  6G5 

706,  665 
35,  543,  757 

16,013,350 

8,302,  139 

23, 149,  686 

342, 709 
36,116,472 

17,811,476 
9, 435, 187 

19, 382,  521 

287, 247 
37, 837, 603 

£45,  642,  028 
474,  561 

176,  006 

12,  017 

045,  257 

129,571 

1,384,193 

£42,  756,  575 
446,  359 

218,  588 

6,142 

670,656 

1,343,708 

£46,  (ISO.  710 
504,  899 

144, 134 

4,843 

717,822 
421,709 

1,  551.  (125 

Total 

value  in  U. 

S.  money... 

£48,763,033 
$237,  308,  219 

45,  778.  010 
222,  778,  685 

49,  428,  751 
240,  545, 016 

COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


143 


Exports  from  Great  Britain  of  British  cotton  manufactures  during  the  years  1889,  1890, 

and  1891. 


Cotton  yarn  and  twist: 

Gray lbs. . 

Bleached  and  dyed, 

.'lbs.. 

Cotton  manufactures: 
Piece  goods : 

Unbleached  .yds. 
Bleaohed —  "  . 

Printed "  . 

Dyed  ormanufac- 
tured  oi    dyed 

varus yds. 

Of  mixed  materi- 
als, cotton  pre- 
dominating, 

yds.. 

Lace  and  patent  net 

Cotton  hosiery : 

Stockings  and  socks, 

doz.  pairs 

Of  other  sorts 

Cotton  thread  for  «ew  inj;, 

lbs.. 

Cotton,  other  manufac- 
tures of,  unenumerated, 
lbs.. 


Quantities. 


1889. 


1890. 


207,217,900     211,001,100 
45, 217,  900       49, 289, 700 


2, 284, 801, 500  2, 324, 619,500 
1, 180,  e62,  800  1,  257,  095,  701 


948,  293, 100 


587,  394,  300 


87,  400 


1, 443,  701 


17,  291, 000 


950, 078,  000 


593, 128,  300 


44, 500 


1,  304,  504 


18,  075,  00U 


203, 386, 300 
41, 872, 400 


2,176,671.300 

I, '-'.".ii,753,300 

904,144,000 


574, 865,  000 


1,214,01! 


18, 070, GOO 


Total  value  in  TJ.  S.  money.. 


Value. 


£9, 183,  004 
2,  528, 745 


20,010,478 
12,337,476 

10,913,041 


8, 122, 628 


4,651 
1, 913,  547 


394, 643 
339, 699 

2,  692,  601 


2,  064,  285 


£70,  505, 197 
$343, 113,  541 


1890. 


£9,  699,  330 
2, 641, 977 


20,  995, 090 

13,  332,  209 
11, 224, 232 


8,  605,  636 


2,  591 
2,  046,  847 


355, 861 
308, 131 


£8, 872,  898 
2, 304,  450 


19, 758, 126 
13.  255, 433 
10,  840,  097 


8, 576, 004 


1,717 
1, 852, 967 


316,  729 
239,  876 


2,  990,  751   3,  254, 193 


2, 228,  0941   2, 134,  514 


£74, 430,  749  £71,  407, 604 
$301:,  217,  240  $347,  505,  604 


Exports  from   Great  Britain  of  foreign  and  colonial   cotton   and  cotton  manufactures 
during  the  years  1889,  1890,  and  1891. 


Quantities. 

Value. 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Cotton,  raw cuts.. 

"       yarn lbs.. 

"       waste  (raw  and 

yarn) 

Cotton  manufactures : 
Piece  goods : 

Muslins yds.. 

1  >i  In  r  than  muslins'  "  .. 

2, 478,  592 
221,805 

26,  696, 734 

90,  036 
27, 124, 215 

1,916,445 

98,  857 

20, 906,  355 

637,  329 
17, 380.  172 

1,  625,  072 
54,  716 

28,601,107 

306,  487 
15,  907,  602 

£5,871,600 
6,858 

361, 148 

2,186 

479,  297 

35, 129 

63,  590 

£4,  750, 493 
5,740 

262, 028 

10,922 
281, 121 
31,  389 
63,  357 

£3, 787,  891 
2,588 

319, 442 

7,697 
251,  882 
40, 816 

84, 871 

Iota!  v;i 

ue  in  U.  S.  ri 

loney 

£6,  819,  808 
$33, 188,  595 

£5,405,050  J   £4,495,187 
$26,  303, 675     $21,  875, 827 

Report  of  Levi  W.  Brown,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Glasgoic,  Scotland. 

FEBRUARY  25,  1893. 

I  have  to  state  tliat  the  importation  of  raw  cotton  is  very  great; 
exportation  but  little.  But  there  is,  of  late,  some  exportation  of  raw- 
cot  ton  (Egyptian),  and  that,  too,  to  the  United  States. 

The  exportation  of  thread  and  cotton  cloth  is  enormous,  and  to  almost 
every  part  of  the  world.  The  Coats,  Clark,  and  Kerr  thread  companies 
are  all  located  in  this  district,  and  these  companies,  combined,  have 
exported  many  millions  of  pounds  worth  of  thread,  distributing  the 


144     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

same  all  over  the  world  and  not  a  few  millions  worth  to  the  United 
States.  The  records,  however,  show  that  exports  of  thread  to  the 
United  States  have  greatly  fallen  off  during  the  past  ten  years.  In  the 
year  1882  it  was  $2,033,996.24;  in  1887,  $834,500.16,  while  the  exporta- 
tion for  the  fiscal  year  ending  September  30, 1892,  was  but  .8327,(515.40 
and  showing  that  the  exportation  now  is  only  about  one-sixth  of  what 
it  was  ten  years  ago.  Cotton  cloth,  pure,  is  not  exported  to  the  United 
States  in  any  considerable  quantity,  but  is  largely  exported  to  many 
other  countries. 

Cotton,  mixed  with  other  material,  commonly  called  "union  goods," 
is  very  largely  manufactured  and  exj.)orted,  the  exportation  to  the 
United  States,  until  theMcKinley  tariff  was  enacted,  being  the  leading 
item  of  exportation  from  the  district,  and  amounting  to  nearly  a  mil- 
lion dollars  worth  yearly.  Last  year  the  exportation  to  the  United 
States  amounted  to  874,480.72;  in  1888  it  was  $669,395.19;  in  1889  it 
was  $964,506.60. 

As  to  the  third  paragraph,  I  find  some  diversity  of  opinion,  but  the 
weight  of  evidence  appears  to  show  that  the  tendency  toward  mixing 
cotton  with  other  fibers  increases  rather  than  decreases  the  consump- 
tion of  cotton.  The  manufacture  of  union  goods,  especially  a  mixture 
of  cotton  with  wool  and  cotton  with  silk,  is  largely  carried  on  in  this 
district,  and  very  great  perfection  has  been  attained,  many  beautiful 
fabrics  of  both  combinations  being  manufactured.  I  think  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  the  mixing  of  the  various  fibers  as  above  has  increased 
the  consumption  of  cotton. 

The  mixing  of  cotton  with  wool,  in  the  coarser  material  manufactured 
in  the  United  States,  appears  to  be  well  understood,  but  mixing  with 
wool  and  silk,  forming  the  more  beautiful  and  costly  fabrics,  it  appears 
to  me,  is  much  more  perfectly  done  here  than  by  our  manufacturers.  I 
have  examined  many  most  beautiful  pieces  of  goods,  where  the  mix- 
ture, largely  cotton,  had  been  so  deftly  done  as  to  almost  defy  detec- 
tion— the  combination  appearing  quite  as  beautiful  and  certainly,  in 
many  cases,  quite  as  good  and  useful  as  the  pure  article  of  the  costlier 
material. 


Report  of  Alexander  J.  Be/id,  U.  S.  consul  at  Dublin,  Ireland, 

OCTOBER  27,  1S92. 

All  manufacturers  agree,  in  respect  to  the  fibers  which  compete  with 
cotton,  that  cotton  not  only  holds  its  own,  but  that  the  tendency  of 
mixing  cotton  with  other  fibers  is  largely  increasing,  which  tendency,  of 
course,  is  to  very  largely  augment  the  consumption  of  cotton.  As  to 
the  means  which  should  be  employed  to  substitute  cotton  for  other 
fibers,  the  matter  involves  its  own  solution  in  this,  that  the  cheaper 
fiber  will  naturally  be  used  more  and  more,  because  a  cheaper  and  sat- 
isfactory grade  of  goods  can  be  produced  m  consequence  of  its  union 
with  other  fibers,  for  which  there  is  a  constantly  increasing  demand. 

As  bearing  directly  and  forcibly  upon  ihis  point,  1  subjoin  a  clipping 
from  the  "Irish  Textile  Journal.*' of  October  15th,  1892,  published  at 
Belfast,  and  which  may  be  considered  as  good  authority  on  the  subject. 
What  the  Journal  has  to  say  as  to  the  tendency  in  Ulster  province 
agrees  with  what  the  manufacturers  in  this  consular  district  have  told 
me: 

The  manufacture  of  "union  goods"  continues  to  extend  throughout  the  North 
of  Ireland,  and  several  makes  < » t  goods  which  were  formerly  manufactured  entirely 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  145 

of  linen  yarns  are  now  being  turned  <>nt  in  enormous  quantities  in  "  union,"  so  much 
so,  indeed,  that  the  lmlk  of  all  tin;  looms  in  some  factories  are  working  aim  os1 
exclusively  on  these  goods.  The  demand  for  "  union  roughs"  and  "  union  crashes" 
continues  fairly  active,  both  for  export  and  home  requirements,  and  since  the 
improvement  in  the  shipping  and  American  trades  the  general  lone  of  the  markel 
has  strengthened  considerably.  A  tolerably  good  demand  exists  lor  "  union  towels" 
and  glass  cloths,  which  are  being  shipped  in  fairly  large  quantities.  The  demand 
lor  "shirting  unions"  is  not  as  strong  as  could  he  desired,  hut  there  is  now  the 
appearance  of  an  increased  trade  also  in  this  article.  The  manufacture  of  "union 
damasks"  is  slightly  larger,  and  there  is  the  prospect  of  a  further  development  in 
these  gfl'Ods.  A  fair  proportion  of  looms  continues  to  run  on  cheap  white  "union 
crashes"  (bleached  in  the  yarns),  hut  the  prices  of  this  article  are  so  much  cut  up 

thai  only  very  small  profits  are  obtainable,  and    some  limes   the  manufacturer  finds 

it  difficult  to  even  gel  the  cost.  There  is  very  little  doing  at  present  in  "union 
handkerchiefs,"  the  demand  being  extremely  weak,  owing  principally  to  the  cheap- 
ness am!  variety  offering  in  the  cotton  article,  while  those  requiring  the  superior 
description  of  goods,  prefer  genuine  limn  cambrics. 

Note. — "  Union  goods"  arc  made  of  cotton  and  lin<  i<  mixed. 


Report  of  James  B.  Taney,  U.  8.  consul  at  Belfast,  Ireland. 

AUGUST  2, 1898. 

There  is  no  cotton  grown  in  this  district  or  any  where  in  Ireland.  As 
is  well  known,  the  principal  industry  in  this  distriei  is  the  manufacture 
of  linen  goods  of  various  descriptions,  and  the  agricultural  lands  are 
largely  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  flax. 

As  near  as  can  be  estimated  SO  per  cent  of  the  entire  output  of  the 
mills  and  factories  here  is  pure  linen,  12  per  cent  cotton,  and  8  percent 
unions  of  cottons  and  linens. 

The  tendency  to  mix  cotton  with  linen  for  economic  purposes  is 
yearly  increasing,  which  naturally  increases  the  consumption  of  cotton. 
I  may  add  that  the  mixture  known  as  "unions"'  is  in  demand  because 
it  is  cheaper  than  the  pure  linen,  and,  if  judiciously  combined,  is  diffi- 
cult to  distinguish  from  the  genuine  article,  although  inferior. 


Report  of  Claude  Meeker,   JJ.  S.  consul  at  Bradford,  England. 

JULY  21,  1803. 

The  manufacturers  of  Bradford  obtain  their  material,  i.  e.,  their 
yarn,  from  the  cotton  spinners  in  the  Bradford  consular  district  located 
in  Yorkshire  and  also  very  largely  from  the  spinners  of  Lancashire.  The 
spinners  do  not  import  this  cotton  direct,  but  buy  it  in  the  Liverpool 
market.  The  manufacturers  are  not  themselves  usually  large  shippers 
to  foreign  countries,  but  dispose  of  their  fabrics  to  merchants,  who  in 
turn  export  these  goods  to  the  United  States,  Canada,  the  countries  of 
South  America,  the  countries  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  the  various 
British  possessions. 

Without  exception  these  merchants  and  manufacturers  decline  to 
state  the  prices  they  have  received  in  any  single  year.  They  base  their 
refusal  on  the  ground  that  they  have  competitors  in  business,  and  that 
to  thus  expose  their  private  dealings  would  give  rivals  an  insight  into 
their  transactions  ami  work  to  their  own  disadvantage.  The  general 
statement  is  however,  made  that  the  price  of  cotton  cloth,  as  well  as  of 
t.OT — V  JL  2 10 


146 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


other  fabrics,  lias  always  been  regulated  by  the  inexorable  law  of 
supply  and  demand.  Local  conditions  of  some  countries  may  at  times 
make  higher  prices,  and  there  are  fluctuations  due  to  changes  in  fashion 
and  taste,  the  introduction  of  new  and  labor-saving  machinery,  the 
price  of  raw  material,  and  the  ever-shifting  styles  in  color,  weight,  and 
quality.  The  head  of  one  of  the  largest  exporting  houses  in  Bradford 
gave  this  opinion :  "  People  will  buy  what  they  want,  what  is  fashion- 
able, and  what  is  the  cheapest."  The  experts  in  the  trade  all  agree  that 
buyers  are  getting  a  better  value  for  their  money  now  than  ever  before 
in  the  history  of  the  Bradford  trade.  As  the  sellers  refuse  to  give 
prices  at  which  cotton  goods  were  sold  to  each  country  since  1SG0,  and 
as  there  are  no  public  statistics  on  the  subject,  no  direct  prices  can  be 
given  save  in  the  shipment  of  this  class  of  goods  to  the  United  States, 
which  can  be  secured  from  the  consular  invoices.  Conditions  and 
styles  have  so  changed,  however,  that  these  figures  for  comparative 
purposes  would  be  of  little  value.  Large  exporters  volunteer  the 
information  that  the  United  States  need  at  no  time  fear  an  unjust  dis- 
crimination in  prices.  Her  buyers  are  the  shrewdest  in  the  world. 
They  know  exactly  what  they  want,  and  can  figure  to  a  nicety  the  cost 
of  production.  While  they  buy  the  costliest  and  finest  goods  pro- 
duced, they  will  not  pay  for  them  more  than  they  are  worth.  Their 
orders  are  astounding  to  merchants  from  other  portions  of  the  globe. 
They  are  not  only  even  with  the  times  on  styles,  but  they  anticipate 
and  even  create  them.  They  order  a  year,  and  sometimes  fifteen  and 
eighteen  months  ahead,  and  have  cloths  of  particular  grades  and  pat- 
terns made  especially  for  them. 

FIBERS   WHICH   COMPETE   WITH   AND   DISPLACE   COTTON. 

On  this  score  there  is  but  one  opinion  as  far  as  the  two  or  three  hun- 
dred manufacturers,  spinners,  and  merchants  in  Bradford  and  vicinity 
are  concerned.  There  are  no  fibers  which  compete  with  and  displace 
cotton,  and  no  necessity  exists  (from  the  standpoint  of  the  Bradford 
market)  to  substitute  cotton  for  such  fibers  as  hemp,  jute,  flax,  ramie, 
etc.,  because  none  of  the  latter  are  used  to  the  disadvantage  of  cotton. 
Not  one  of  these  fibers  will  take  dye  and  can  not  usurp  the  place  of 
cotton  in  its  field  as  a  pure  cloth  or  be  used  in  its  stead  as  a  warp  for 
other  goods.  For  the  last  dozen  years  the  tendency  here  has  been 
toward  cotton  and  mixed  goods.  In  the  last  three  or  four  years  it  has 
been  popularly  supposed  this  tendency  was  checked  by  a  reaction  in 
favor  of  worsteds  and  woolens,  for  which  Bradford  has  become  a  famous 
center.  The  low  price  of  foreign  wool,  especially  of  that  produced  in 
Australia,  has  been  favorable  to  this  trade,  and  fashion  has  had  a  tend- 
ency toward  an  all-wool  article.  Despite  these  facts,  the  manufacture 
and  consumption  of  cotton  has  steadily  increased.  The  demand  for 
cotton  products  in  England  seems  as  brisk  as  ever,  and  the  foreign 
demand  has  not  been  reduced.  The  increase  in  the  amount  and  value 
of  pure  cotton  cloth  exported  to  the  United  States  in  recent  years  is 
particularly  noticeable.  The  appended  figures,  taken  from  the  official 
consular  reports  of  this  district,  give  evidence  of  this  fact: 


]ss:;,  value $51,062.53 

L884,      "     148,397.60 

1885,      "     159,825.35 

1880,      "     160,993.65 

1887,  " 281,722.55 

1888,  "     364,146.72 


1889,  value $352,800.81 

L890.       "      155,301.70 

1891,       «     425,553.04 

L892,       "     723,136.11 

1893  (half  year),  value 628,900.04 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  1-47 

It  should  be  remembeied  that  the  foregoing  refers  only  to  pure  cot 
ton  cloth,  [n  addition,  there  have  been  exported  from  lien' in  each 
year  stuffs  and  dress  goods  in  which  cotton  was  mixed  with  other 
material,  and  also  in  which  it  was  used  as  warp  which  would  triplicate 
or  quadruplicate  the  value.  Seven-eighths  of  all  the  goods  shipped 
from  Bradford  have  a  cotton  warp.  This  includes  mohairs,  serges, 
lustres,  Italian  cloths  (nearly  all  used  for  coat  linings  and  trimmings), 
and  dress  goods  and  stuffs  of  all  descriptions,  as  well  as  velvets  and 
plushes.  These  goods  are  shipped  in  immense  quantities  to  the  United 
Stales. 

Wool  is  not  considered  here  a  rival  of  cotton,  because  its  uses  are 
totally  dissimilar.  It  can  not  displace  cotton  as  a  warp,  in  the  first 
place  because  it  is  not  desirable,  and  in  the  next,  place  because  cotton 
is  always  sure  to  be  cheaper. 

MIXINtr   COTTON    AND   OTUER   FIBERS. 

Undoubtedly  there  is  an  increasing  tendency  to  mix  cotton  with 
other  fibers,  especially  with  wool  ami  silk.  This  tendency,  it  is  quite 
certain,  increases  the  consumption  of  cotton  enormously.  Silk  velvets 
and  plushes  with  a  cotton  warp  are  turned  out  in  great  quantities. 
Cotton  is  also  used  in  conjunction  with  mohair,  and  mixed  wool  and 
Cotton  combine  a  staple  cloth  that  is  used  for  a.  variety  of  purposes, 
chiefly  in  the  wearing  apparel  of  meu  and  women.  The  largest  carpet 
manufacturing  establishment  in  the  world,  employing  5,000  persons,  is 
located  in  this  consular  district.  American  col  Ion  purchased  chiefly 
from  the  Lancashire  spinners  is  used  almost  exclusively  as  a  warp  in 
its  tine  carpet  products  and  as  a  mixture  iu  the  inferior  carpets.  The 
most  elegant  carpets  it  turns  out  are  for  the  American  trade  alone,  and 
the  common  goods  are  for  the  domestic  market  only.  The  information 
was  elicited  in  a  call  upon  this  establishment  that  especially  expensive 
designs  were  made  lor  the  A  merican  market,  and  that  no  other  country, 
Ei  «:land  not  excepted,  would  buy  such  high-class  goods. 


Report  of  Mr.  Me  teal f  U.  S.  consul  at  HfewcasUe-wpon-Tyne,  England 

NOVEMBER  8,  1892. 

No  other  fiber,  either  vegetable  or  animal,  is,  to  any  degree,  taking 
tin-  place  of  cotton  in  this  district.  In  fact,  the  tendency  is  tor  cotton 
to  be  "  scribbed,*'  as  the  trade  phrase  is,  or  mixed  with  wool  in  the 
fabrics.  Where  formerly  pure  wool  was  used,  people  are  now  using 
wool  and  cotton  mixed,  so  that  in  this  district,  at  all  events,  the  ten- 
dency is  to  increase  the  demand  for  American  cottou. 


Report  of  Lorin  A.  Lathrop,  U.  S.  consul  at  Bristol,  England. 

MAY  19,  1893. 

The  Lancashire  manufacturer,  if  asked  to  set  out  the  characteristic 
feature  of  his  trade  for  some  years  past,  would,  in  all  probability, 
answer  that  inability  to  obtain  reasonably  remunerative  prices  for  his 
product  had  been  the  ever-present  accompaniment  of  his  endeavors; 


148 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


and  that  his  fellow  manufacturers,  his  workmen,  and  himself  had,  after 
much  investigation,  generally  agreed  that  the  main  factor  in  the  con- 
stantly falling  price  was  the  appreciation  of  gold.  Tie  would  say  that 
the  large  majority  of  his  neighbors,  both  employers  and  operatives, 
were  bimetallists  and  advocated  a  double  standard  by  international 
agreement.  He  would  add  that  a  more  obvious  and  a  highly  important 
development  of  the  decade  has  been  the  growth  of  Indian  competition 
in  spinning,  and  to  a  less  extent  in  weaving;  and  that  the  trade  of 
Lancashire  with  India,  with  China,  and  the  far  East,  has  been  seriously 
cut  into  and  was  seriously  menaced  by  the  growth  of  the  Bombay 
mills. 

As  this  Indian  competition  not  only  affects  the  United  States,  by 
limiting  to  some  extent  their  English  market  for  raw  cotton,  but  also 
affects  the  market  for  their  manufactured  product  in  China,  it  will, 
no  doubt,  be  the  subject  of  serious  investigation  by  the  Senate  sub- 
committee. It  is  therefore  to  this  special  question  that  I  shall  devote 
the  comments  that  follow,  not  entering  into  the  larger  and  more  debat- 
able matter  of  the  fall  of  prices  and  the  monometallic  standard  of 
value. 

In  1870  there  were  in  Bombay  343,460  spindles.  Between  that  year 
and  1875  there  was  an  increase  of  540,000  spindles,  making  in  all 
886,098,  or  an  increase  of  158  per  cent.  During  the  ten  years  following 
the  increase  was  764,000  spindles— in  all  1,650,000.  Up  to  1883  there 
existed  an  import  duty  on  English  yarns  of  3£  per  cent  and  5  per  cent 
on  goods.  There  was  also  an  export  duty  of  3  per  cent  on  yarns 
exported.  Notwithstanding  this  export  duty,  there  was  already  in 
the  early  seventies  some  shipment  of  Indian  goods  and  yarns  to  China. 
The  rupee  at  this  time  (up  to  1873)  was  at  par  of  exchange,  practically 
2  shillings. 

One  or  two  financial  crises  have  interfered  at  intervals  with  the 
steady  growth  of  the  Indian  manufacturing  interests,  but  on  the  whole 
there  has  been  a  great  and  continuous  development,  until  now  (June, 
1892)  there  are  in  India  3,402,232  spindles  and  25,444  looms.  Their 
consumption  of  cotton  can  be  relatively  shown  in  the  following  figures, 
taken  from  a  valnable  report  made  by  Mr.  William  Fogg  to  the  Man- 
chester Statistical  Society,  of  which  society  Mr.  Fogg  is  president. 

Table  showing  consumption  of  cotton  in  the  different  consuming  markets  now,  compared 

with  twenty  years  ago.* 

[Bales  of  400  pounds  each.] 


Great  Britain 

Continent 

United  States,  Canada,  etc 
India 


1870-71. 


3,013,000 

1,962,000 

1, 116,  000 

87,  000 


6, 178,  000 


1891-'92. 


4,  080.  000 
4,  524,  000 
3,  290,  000 
1, 300,  000 


13, 194, 000 


Increase, 
per  cent. 


35.4 

130.5 

194.8 

1, 394. 2 


India  less  than  twenty- five  years  ago  took  only  1£  per  cent  of  all  cotton 
grown,  and  now  consumes  close  upon  10  per  cent,  while  Great  Britain, 
instead  of  using  one-half,  absorbs  less  than  one-third. 


*  Mr.  Fogg's  figures  refer  only  to  tlie  cotton  consumed  in  the  regular  cotton  factories  of  the  countries 
named.  In  1870-T1  the  local  consumption  of  cotton  in  India  outside  of  the  mills  was  about  500,000 
bales  (of  400  lbs.),  and  in  1891-'92  the  local  consumption  of  India  was  officially  estimated  as  413,000 
bales  (of  400  lbs.). 

Air  B.  Shepperson,  Secretary. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES 


149 


India  has  been  compelled  of  course  to  buy  machinery  from  England 
for  developing  her  cotton  industries,  so  that  to  some  extent  it  may  be 
said  thai  the  loss  of  trade  in  the  one  direction  is  compensate  d  for  by  a 
gain  in  another.  In  1879  there  was  exported  from  Greal  Britain  cot. 
ton  yarn  and  piece  goods  to  the  value  of  $314,548,188,  and  machinery 
to  the  value  of  $32,716,837;  in  1891,  $309,554,780  and  $76,975,930, 
respectively,  showing  a  de<  rease  of  ]\  per  cent  in  the  shipment  of  cot- 
ton goods  and  an  increase  of  235  per  cent  in  tin-  shipmenl  of  machinery. 

In  1870  there  were  37,718,758  spindles  in  England  and  440,676  looms. 
In  L890  there  were  44,504,819  spindles  and  615,714  looms,  an  inci 
in  the  former  case  of  i  i  ,,  per  i  en1  and  in  the  Latter  of  •"-'.',',,  per  cent. 
vill  be  seen  from  the  table  below  (fi Lyon,  Comber  &  '  '<>."s  circu- 
lar), India  in  twelve  years  has  increased  her  spindles  132  per  cent  and 
looms  88  per  cent.  "  In  four  years,"  says  Air.  Fogg,  u  the  United  States, 
with  cotton  on  the  spot  and  protection,  has  only  increased  her  spindles 
7 ,7,,  per  cent,  while  India,  in  the  same  four  years,  with  cotton  on  the 
spi.i  and  free  trade,  has  increased  her  spindles  23-^  per  cent." 

Tabic  shore  in  (j  growth  of  cotton  spinning  and  weaving  in  India. 


Year  ending  June  30 — 

No.  of 

spindles. 

No.  of 

looms. 

1861 

1,461,590 
2.  145,646 
2,261,561 
2,421   290 

2,762,518 
:;.  274, 196 
3,351,694 
3,402 

1874 

Not  given. 

13,  502 
16.537 

1880 



17,455 



L8.536 



19   4!"'. 



1889 

21   661 

1S1KI 

•j  ;  H2 

1891 

24,  631 

1892 

25  414 

Table  showing  shipment  of  Indian  spun  yarns  and  English  spun  gams,  respectively,  to 
China,  Hongkong,  and  Japan,  from  1S76  to  1891. 

[Taken  from  statistics  supplied  to  the  "Economist"  by  Mr.  Abraham  Haworth,  of  Manchester.] 


From  India  to  China,  Hongkong,  and  Japan.   From 
April  1,  to  March  31. 


Total  Cor  six  years.  Pounds. 

■1 117,851,376 

-7 427,014,265 

Total  lor  four  years. 
1888-'91 551,020,  272 


From  England  to  China,  Hongkong,  and  Japan. 
From  .January  1  to  Dei  ember  31. 

Total  for  .six  years.  Pounds. 

1876-'81 232,304,895 

■  7 202,  093,  200 

Total  for  lour  years. 
188S-'U1 .' 14G,300,500 


Summary. 

FNTDIA.  Per  rout. 

1876  to  1S81.    Proporti  in  of  trade 

1882  to  1887.    Proportion  of  trade 67.90 

l«eS  to  1891.     Proportion  of  trade 79. 03 

ENGLAND. 

1876  to  1881.     Proportion  of  trade 66.40 

1882  to  1887.    Proportion  of  trade '■•-■  10 

1888  to  1891.    Proportion  of  trade 20.97 

As  the  bulk  of  the  Indian  manufacture  of  yarns  is  20's,  it  is  evident, 
from  the  above  table,  that  England  has  not  only  lost  India  as  a  cus- 
tomer for  coarse  yarns,  but  that  the  customer  has  developed  into  a 
strong-  rival  iu  the  Oriental  markets,  carrying  away  a  considerable  trade 


150     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

that  once  belonged  to  England.  In  the  six  years  ending  1881  the  latter 
controlled  two-thirds  of  the  trade  with  the  Pacific  Asian  ports.  Now 
she  holds  less  than  one-third. 

The  rapid  and  substantial  growth  of  cotton  manufacturing  in  India 
being  apparent  from  the  various  figures  above  given,  the  reasons  for 
this  unusual  development  are  next  to  seek.  The  question  has  been 
much  discussed  in  Manchester  and  elsewhere  in  England,  and  a  special 
committee  of  the  Manchester  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  made  an 
exhaustive  inquiry  into  the  matter,  continuing  over  a  considerable 
period  of  time,  and  including  the  examination  of  many  voluntary  wit- 
nesses. The  interest  of  the  cotton  world  is  warmly  directed  towards 
the  question,  because  there  is  a  strong  difference  of  opinion  between 
two  schools  as  to  the  underlying  and  fundamental  cause  of  the  striking 
development  of  Indian  cotton  manufacturing.  On  the  one  hand  are 
those  who  hold  that  natural  conditions  are  quite  sufficient  to  account 
for  the  circumstances;  on  the  other  are  those  who  believe  that  the  fall 
in  silver  has  acted  as  a  bonus  to  Indian  manufacture,  so  substantial 
that  without  it  Indian  competition  would  not  have  existed,  or,  at  any 
rate,  would  not  have  attained  dimensions  to  excite  attention. 

The  special  committee  above  referred  to  made  a  majority  and  minority 
report,  the  latter  (a  substantial  minority)  stating:  "We  are  led  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  principal  cause  which  has  enabled  Bombay  spinners 
to  supersede  those  of  Lancashire  in  exporting  yarn  to  China  and  Japan 
is  the  great  fall  in  Eastern  exchange  since  1873." 

The  majority  report  contained  this  guarded  paragraph: 

"The  committee  do  not  overlook  the  fact  that  the  Indian  spinner  escapes  the  rin- 
barrassment  to  which  his  English  competitor  is  snhject,  consequent  on  sudden 
fluctuations  in  the  gold  value  of  silver;  hut  they  are  of  opinion  that  apart  from  any 
henelit  he  has  in  this  respect,  or  may  derive  from  a  low  value  of  the  rupee,  the 
natural  advantages  that  he  has  all  along  enjoyed,  as  set  forth  above,  are  sufficient 
to  account  for  his  having  heen  able  to  obtain  a  virtual  monopoly  of  the  eastern  mar- 
kets, as  far  as  coarse  yarns  produced  from  Indian  grown  cotton  are  concerned." 

The  minority  report  was  accepted  by  the  Manchester  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  and  the  evidence  presented  with  the  reports  brought  many 
who  were  before  hostile  to  the  exchange  theory,  to  the  belief  that  the 
low  value  Of  the  rupee  was  a  species  of  most  effective  protection  to  the 
Bombay  spinner.  The  contention  is  based  upon  a  fact  well  known  to 
economists  and  admitted  by  them  to  be  not  the  least  puzzling  of  the 
many  local  conditions  obtaining  under  the  dislocation  of  the  long 
accepted  ratio  between  the  two  precious  metals,  viz,  that  the  rupee, 
not  withstanding  its  lessened  purchasing  power  outside  the  borders  of 
India,  retains  its  full  value  as  a  local  medium  of  exchange  and  meas- 
ure of  value.  Hence  certain  expenses  of  the  Bombay  spinner  are  less 
than  those  of  his  Manchester  competitor.  A  careful  analysis  of  these 
charges  and  of  their  incidence  is  found  in  the  said  report,  forwarded 
herewith,  and  it  is  not  thought  necessary  to  repeat  that  analysis  here. 

A  timely  corroboration  of  the  Manchester  view  comes  from  (Shanghai 
in  the  form  of  a  statement  from  the  members  of  the  Shanghai  branch 
of  the  China  asssociation,  to  the  parent  body  in  London.  The  meeting 
at  which  this  statement  was  formulated  was  held  in  January  of  this 
year,  and  the  occasion  of  the  gathering  was  to  protest  against  the 
mooted  closing  of  the  Indian  mints  to  the  free  coinage  of  silver  and 
the  adoption  thereof  a  gold  standard.  The  important  bearing  of  this 
expression  of  views  upon  the  Indian  and  British  cotton  trade  with  the 
Orient,  and  incidentally  upon  our  American  commerce,  justifies  ray 
forwarding  it  as  an  appendix  to  this  communication. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  151 

Other  considerations  than  those  of  exchange  no  doubt  have  contrib- 
uted towards  this  significant  transference  of  cotton  manufacturing 
interests  from  West  to  Bast.  There  is  evidence  to  the  effect  that  the 
Bombay  yarns  arc  spun  softer  than  the  Oldham  yarns,  and  arc  conse- 
quently preferred  in  China  and  Japan  as  taking  the  inferior  domestic 
dyes  better;  but  men  of  great  experience  in  the  Orient  deny  this  state- 
ment and  say  that  if  the  English  yarns  could  compete  in  price  with 
Bombay  they  would  hold  the  market,  being  more  finely  spun  and  more 
even.  There  is  now,  however,  hardly  any  competition  in  particular 
sorts  of  yarns,  as  the  spinning  of  the  coarser  counts,  L'O's  and  under, 
has  been  tacitly  left  to  Bombay,  while  for  fine  counts  India  must  turn 
to  Lancashire. 

The  charges  that  fall  upon  Lancashire  yarns  sent  to  India  for  sale 
would  be  as  follows:  First  upon  the  raw  cotton  before  it  reaches  the 
spinner  are  these,  which  must  be  included  in  the  price,  viz:  Shipping 
charges,  freight,  insurance,  bill  brokerage,  Liverpool  charges,  broker- 
age, importers'  commission,  and  canal  or  railroad  charges  inland.  As 
tli ere  is  more  or  less  waste  to  cotton,  all  these  charges  must  be  com- 
puted on  a  number  of  pounds  considerably  in  excess  of  the  outturn. 

The  charges  upon  the  export  of  the  yarn  will  be  as  follows:  liailway 
carriage  to  Manchester,  packing,  commission,  carriage  to  Liverpool, 
freight,  insurance,  Calcutta  landing  charges,  commission  on  sale. 

From  a  number  of  these  charges,  the  Indian  manufacturer,  buying 
his  raw  cottton  on  the  spot,  of  domestic  growth,  is  obviously  exempt; 
there  are.  however,  certain  extra  expenses  to  which  he,  in  Ids  turn,  is 
subject.  His  machinery  costs  him  more,  not  only  on  account  of  freight, 
etc.,  but  because,  being  far  from  the  place  of  manufacture,  he  mu.st 
carry  a  large  stock  of  duplicates,  and  must  sink  considerable  capital 
in  his  well-provided  machine  storeroom.  He  must  also  carry  a  large 
stock  of  raw  cotton,  thereby  consuming  interest.  An  Oldham  manu- 
facturer may  buy  in  small  quantities;  but  a  Bombay  spinner  must 
purchase  after  the  conclusion  of  the  cotton  harvest.  He  has  also  to 
pay  more  for  fuel,  and  should  charge  up  each  year  more  for  deprecia- 
tion of  plant,  on  account  of  the  climate.  His  advantages  of  position, 
&C,  however,  outweigh  the  disadvantages,  and  coupled  with  the  pro- 
tection given  him  by  his  manufacturing  in  a  country  where  circulates 
a  depreciated  currency,  he  has  been  irresistible  in  competition  in  his 
home  markets  and  in  the  whole  of  Asia. 

Lancashire  is  not  only  losing,  witli  respect  to  India,  her  unique  posi- 
tion in  regard  to  cotton,  but  is  also  surrendering  part  of  her  supremacy 
to  the  continent — especially  in  the  making  of  coarse  yarns  (for  which 
India  cotton  is  chiefly  used).  In  ten  years  theannual  import  of  Indian 
cotton  into  the  United  Kingdom  has  fallen  from  796,481  bales  to  69,503, 
while  the  Continental  import  has  grown  from  (103,000  to  885,000  bales. 
As  India  will,  however,  continue  to  absorb  more  and  more  of  her  own 
product,  it  is  likely  that  she  will  have  less  of  a  surplus  to  export,  and 

we  shall  find  her  shipments  to  Europe  fall  away. 

*  *  #  #  #  #  #  # 

On  the  whole  the  situation  in  Lancashire  is  discouraging.  Last  year 
(1892)  99  Oldham  mills  lost  $4G1,030,  or  an  average  loss  per  company 
of  $4,662,  while  36  Fall  River  mills  paid  an  average  dividend  of  over 
7  per  cent  and  Bombay  mills  did  twice  as  well.  "A  heavy  crop,  bad 
speculations,  depreciation  of  silver,  labor  troubles,  and  a  decreased 
demand  for  both  yam  and  cloth"  is  the  summary  of  a  Manchester  tex- 
tile journal  in  its  endeavor  to  account  for  the  bad  year. 


152  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Appendix  to  report  of  Lor  in  A.  Lathrop,  U.  8.  consul  at  Bristol,  England. 
CHINA  AND   THE  PROPOSED   GOLD   STANDARD  FOR  INDIA. 

The  following  is  a  fall  text  of  a  statement  by  the  Shanghai  com- 
mittee of  the  China  association,  with  reference  to  the  movement  for 
the  closing  of  the  Indian  mints  to  the  free  coinage  of  silver.  It  has 
been  forwarded  to  the  China  association  in  London: 

"A  general  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  China  association  in 
Shanghai  was  held  on  the  23d  of  January  (1893),  and  among  other 
subjects  for  consideration  was  the  probable  effect  upon  foreign  trade 
in  the  far  East,  of  the  adoption  by  India  of  a  gold  standard,  and  the 
close  of  the  Indian  mints  to  farther  rupee  coinage.  In  the  result  the 
newly  elected  committee  was  deputed  to  frame  a  resolution  to  be  for- 
warded to  you,  with  a  short  statement  of  the  principal  grounds  upon 
which  the  resolution  is  based.  The  committee,  realizing  the  urgency 
of  the  matter,  have  given  to  it  the  consideration  the  limited  time  at 
their  disposal  permitted,  and  have  agreed  upon  the  following  resolution : 

That  the  local  committee  of  the  China  association  in  Shanghai  reqtiest  the  China 
association  in  London  to  watch  all  proposed  legislation  in  connection  -with  gold  and 
silver,  especially  measures  exclusively  relating  to  India  for  the  establishment  of  a 
gold  standard  there  and  the  close  of  the  mints — action  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
local  committee,  must  be  highly  prejudicial  to  commerce  in  the  far  East. 

In  support  of  this  resolution,  the  local  committee  beg  to  lay  before 
the  association  the  reasons  on  which  they  rely. 

1.  China,  Japan,  and  generally  all  countries  east  of  British  India 
are  silver  monometallic,  silver  retaining  its  value  as  a  standard  for  all 
commodities  except  those  imported  from  gold  monometallic  nations. 

2.  With  the  opening  of  China  to  foreign  commerce  British  subjects 
acquired  interests  which  appeal  for  protection  to  the  Imperial  Govern- 
ment equally  with  the  interests  of  their  fellow-subjects  resident  in  the 
Indian  Empire.  The  settlement  of  British  subjects  in  treaty  ports  and 
Crown  colonies  has  necessitated  large  expenditure  in  land  and  build- 
ings and  the  establishment  of  indispensable  adjuncts  of  trade,  in  the 
form  of  banks,  insurance,  shipping,  dock,  wharf,  warehouse,  land, 
building,  and  industrial  companies  of  various  kinds,  employing  a  vast 
amount  of  capital,  all  of  which  is  imperiled  by  the  threatened  demon- 
etization of  silver  in  India,  which  will  virtually  be  the  outcome  of 
exclusive  currency  legislation  for  that  Empire — legislation  which  must 
inevitably  injure  that  portion  of  British  enterprise  and  commerce 
founded  and  fostered  under  the  treaties  of  trade  and  commerce  made 
by  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Government  with  the  nations  of  the  far 
East,  which  are  dependent  upon  silver  as  currency. 

3.  Whatever  maybe  the  eventual  results,  it  is  certain  that  trade 
which  lias  taken  years  to  build  up  must  be  seriously  disturbed  without 
compensating  advantages;  whereas  if  the  ratio  of  the  currencies  in 
use  in  India  be  established  by  general  International  consent,  instead  of 
being  confined  to  India,  trade  between  China  and  India  will  not  be  dis- 
turbed, the  quantity  of  silver  will  be  always  the  same,  while  exchange 
will  be  governed  by  the  usual  conditions. 

4.  The  appreciation  of  gold  in  Greal  Britain  has  tended  surely  and 
steadily  to  divert  the  supply  Of  certain  cotton  ma  i  intact  it  res  for  Chinese 
co i  sumption  from  Great  Britain  to  British  India,  the  variations  in 
exchange  between  the  latter  country  and  ( Jhina,  both  silver-using  coun- 
tries, being  confined  within  a  known  range. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  153 

5.  The  preceding  paragraphs  poinl  more  especially  to  the  injury 
which  the  isolated  action  referred  to  will  entail  upon  British  interests 
in  china;  other  results,  affecting  identical  interests  in  India  and  China, 

must  follow. 

<;.  An  illustration  of  the  growth  of  Chinese  consumption  of  an  arti- 
cle which  now  forms  an  important  and  valuable  export  from  British 
India,  the  manufacture  of  which  has  stimulated  the  production  of  cot- 
ton and  led  to  the  establishment  of  industries  there  in  which  consid- 
erable capital  has  been  invested,  is  cotton  yarn.  This  trade  has  devel- 
oped within  the  last  ten  years  on  a  silver  basis,  the  currency  common 
to  producer  and  consumer  alike:  and  if  this  common  currency  be  dis- 
turbed this  important  trade  will,  for  reasons  shown  in  paragraph  10, 
be  lost  to  India,  probably  without  benefit  to  Great  Britain. 

7.  The  statistics  following  are  taken  from  the  Chinese  Imperial 
Maritime  Customs  Returns,  the  separation  of  English  and  Indian 
imported  yarn  not  being  shown  prior  to  1889: 

Total  annual  imports  of  cotton  yarn  into  China,  1SS2  to  1S88. 

*Picnls. 

1882 184,939 

1883 228,005 

1884 261,457 

1885 387,820 

1886 384,582 

1887 592,687 

1888 683,468 

From  Great  Britain : 

1889 50,144 

1890 88,349 

1891 73,058 

From  India: 

1889 628,413 

1890 993,145 

1891 1,138,083 

These  statistics  show  that  the  import  of  Indian  yarn  alone  in  1S91 
exceeded  the  total  import  of  all  cotton  yarn  in  1882  by  515  per  cent  in 
quantity  and  331  per  cent  in  value.  The  value  of  the  07,000  tons 
weight  of  yarn  imported  from  India  into  China  in  1891,  at  the  low  rate 
of  exchange  of  220 rupees  per  8100,  is  053  lakhs  of  rupees;  and  there 
are  indications  of  further  increase  year  by  year.  Japan  is  also  a  large 
em i sinner  of  Indian-made  yarn. 

8.  Although  the  consequence  of  closing  of  the  Indian  mints  and 
establishment  of  a  gold  standard  may  be  to  raise  in  India  the  sterling 
equivalent  of  a  rupee  to  1*.  6d.j  Is.  9tf.;  or  Is.  10A<7.,  the  purchasing 
power  of  the  rupee  within  the  Indian  territory  will  not  be  increased; 
as  a  symbol  of  native  value  its  quality  will  be  unchanged. 

9.  While  the  rupee  will  remain  as  a  coin  in  India  with  the  same  pur- 
chasing power  as  before,  beyond  India  it  will  have  an  artificial  value 
ranging  from  20  to  50  per  cent  to  be  made  good  in  exchange.  The  effect 
will  be  the  same  as  if  an  export  duty  of  20  to  50  per  cent  were  levied 
on  yarn,  to  be  borne  by  the  producer. 

Example:  The  Indian  spinner  can  now  sell  $10,000  worth  of  yarn  for 
22,000  rupees;  and  the  Chinese  consumer  is  prepared  to  pay  $10,000 
plus  charges,  because  he  can  not  manufacture  for  himself  on  equal 
terms.  If  the  exchange  value  of  the  rupee  be  artificially  raised  to  L«. 
i'xl.,  and  the  spinner  still  receives  22,000  rupees,  as  before,  the  Chinese 
consumer  must  provide  $12,000,  plus  charges,  to  meet  the  fall  inex- 

*  The  Picul  is  equal  to  1SS  IS  pounds. 


154     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

change  between  China  and  India.  This  difference  of  20  per  cent 
enables  him  to  supply  his  own  wants  by  home  manufacture;  and  if  the 
Indian  producer  can  not  compensate  for  the  differences  in  exchange  in 
the  price  of  his  yarn,  he  must  forego  the  sale  to  China. 

10.  China  is  already  a  large  producer  of  cotton,  the  cultivation  of 
which  can  be  considerably  extended  should  the  demand  increase.  A 
gold  standard  in  India  will  most  probably  operate  to  close  the  China 
market  to  India-made  yarn  by  stimulating  the  production  of  the  raw 
material  and  the  establishment  of  manufactories  in  China  for  the  supply 
of  domestic  requirements. 

11.  The  creation  of  a  gold  standard  for  the  silver  rupee  currency,  is 
equivalent  to  the  establishment  by  the  Imperial  Government  of  a 
bimetallic  ratio  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Indian  Empire;  while 
beyond,  consequent  upon  the  unwillingness  of  the  Imperial  Govern- 
ment to  accept  international  bimetallism,  the  rupee  is  merely  silver 
bullion.  This  seems  to  be  an  admission  by  the  Imperial  Government, 
but  confined  to  India  only,  of  the  bimetallic  principle. 

12.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  Indian  producer  asks  and  receives  no 
more  for  his  yarn  than  22,000  silver  rupees;  that  is,  7,502^  ounces  of 
silver;  and  that  can  be  made  the  cost  to  consumer  equally  by  interna- 
tional extension  of  the  bimetallic  principle  involved  in  creating  a  gold 
standard  for  a  nation  having  its  curreucy  in  silver. 

13.  From  the  foregoing  paragraphs  it  has,  the  local  committee  believe, 
been  made  abundantly  clear  that  the  trade  between  India  and  China 
will  be  greatly  disturbed  in  the  event  of  a  gold  standard  being  adopted 
in  India,  solely  on  account  of  the  relative  effect  such  a  radical  change 
in  the  currency  would  have  on  exchange  between  the  two  places.  It 
is  equally  certain  that  all  other  places  further  east  than  India  would 
suffer  in  like  manner  in  any  exchange  transactions  between  such  places 
and  India,  while  the  effect  generally  on  the  value  of  silver  and  on  the 
exchange  between  China  and  countries  with  a  gold  standard,  in  the 
event  of  silver  being  practically  demonetized  in  India,  is  too  apparent 
to  require  any  further  remark  in  this  letter,  whilst  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, the  advantages,  if  any,  would  probably  be  entirely  to  the 
Chinese  as  against  Europeans  or  European  capital  invested  in  China. 

14.  Generally,  the  local  committee  believe  that  any  exclusive  action 
in  relation  to  Indian  finance  such  as  that  supposed  to  be  in  contempla- 
tion must  affect  most  injuriously  the  trade  which  has  been  built  up  in 
(  liina,  more  especially  in  connection  with  Great  Britain.  Already  the 
disturbance  which  has  resulted  from  want  of  combined  action,  and  as 
a  consequence  of  spasmodic  speculation,  in  connection  with  the  pre- 
cious metals,  has  seriouslyttiscredited  Chinese  credit.  The  tendency  of 
late  has  been  to  withdraw  funds  from  the  far  East,  on  account  of  the 
depreciation  in  the  relative  value  of  the  local  currency.  Business  is 
consequently  hampered;  and  the  ever-widening  difference  between  the 
cost  of  production  of  fabrics  such  as,  for  instance,  those  manufactured 
in  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire,  and  the  price  required  in  silver  to  meet 
that  cost,  threatens  to  make  such  trade  impossible. 

15.  The  effect  of  a  marked  further  depreciation  in  the  value  of  silver, 
such  as  must  inevitably  follow  upon  Imperial  legislation  favorable  to 
India  alone,  will  be  seriously  detrimental  to  the  export  trade  to  the  far 
Mast  in  cotton  and  woolen  fabrics,  among  other  merchandise,  and  it 
deserves  earnest  consideration ;  for  the  reason  here  given,  therefore,  the 
local  committee  request  the  Ohina  Association  to  take  such  action  as 
may  seem  to  them  expedient  and  prudent  for  the  protection  of  British 
mercantile  interests  in  the  far  East,  which  at  present  are  greatly  imper- 
illed. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


155 


Statement  showing  the  importation   into   Great  Britain  <t>id  exportation 
therefrom  oj  cotton  during  each  [calendar)  year  from  1822  to  1893. 

[Compiled  by   the  secretary  of  the   subcommittee  from  the  official  reports  of  the 
Liverpool  Cotton  Association.] 

(In  thousands  of  laics.) 


Fears. 

Ameri- 
ca u. 

Brazil- 
ian. 

Egyp- 
tian. 

Peru- 
vian, etc. 

East 
Indian. 

Total. 

Avr  rnao 

weight 

(pounds). 

Exporta- 
tion, all 
kinds. 

1822 

330 

452 

282 

423 

396 

647 

444 

463 

618 

609 

629 

655 

734 

763 

765 

845 

1,025 

815 

1,238 

902 

1,013 

1,397 

1,247 

1,500 

932 

874 

1,375 

1.  478 

1,184 

1,394 

1,  789 

1,532 

1,666 

i,i;i':; 

i ,  758 

1,482 

143 
145 

143 

194 

55 

120 

167 

160 

191 

168 

115 

163 

104 

143 

149 

117 

138 

99 

85 

94 

87 

98 

113 

110 

84 

110 

100 

164 

172 

109 

111 

133 

107 

135 

122 

169 

6 

38 

111 

48 

22 

33 

25 

15 

38 

41 

4 

7 

44 

35 

41 

30 

33 

38 

41 

20 

49 

67 

82 

60 

21 

29 

72 

79 

67 

190 

105 

81 

115 

114 

76 

41 
28 
26 
32 
18 
31 
20 
19 
12 
11 
8 

13 

17 

23 

33 

28 

29 

36 

22 

33 

17 

18 

17 

9 

9 

5 

8 

9 

6 

5 

13 

9 

10 

9 

11 

11 

19 

38 

51 

61 

65 

74 

85 

80 

35 

77 

109 

95 

89 

118 

219 

145 

107 

133 

216 

274 

256 

182 

238 

155 

49 

223 

228 

182 

308 

329 

221 

485 

308 

396 

463 

680 

533 

669 

540 

821 

582 

894 

749 

747 

871 

903 

902 

930 

951 

1,091 

1,201 

1,176 

1,429 

1,116 

1,599 

1,344 

1,393 

1,744 

1,682 

1,  856 

1, 134 

1,  233 

1,740 

1,905 

1,749 

1,  904 

2,  357 
2,264 
2,172 
2,278 
2,468 
2,418 

267 
281 
266 
270 
295 
303 
293 
297 
300 
310 
319 
327 
337 
331 
342 
347 
350 
348 
365 
365 
379 
382 
383 
386 
386 
377 
395 
396 
392 
399 
392 
398 
408 
396 
414 
404 

59 

1823 

35 

1824 

54 

1825 

73 

1826 

95 

1827 

69 

1828 

64 

1829 

118 

1830 

33 

1*31 

75 

1832      

07 

1833 

68 

1*34 

87 

is::r> 

103 

1836 

106 

1837 

123 

1838 

103 

1839 

117 

1840 

120 

1841 

116 

1842 

134 

1843 

120 

1844 

137 

1845 

123 

1846 

194 

1847 

222 

1818 

190 

1849 

254 

1X50 

272 

1851 

268 

1852 

283 

1853 

350 

1854 

317 

1855 

317 

1856 

359 

1857 

337 

156 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Statement  showing  the  importation  into  Great  Britain  and  exportation 
therefrom  of  cotton  during  each  (calendar)  year  from  1822  to  1893 — 
Continued. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee   from  the  official  reports  of  the 
Liverpool  Cotton  Association.] 

(In  thousands  of  bales.) 


Years. 


1858.. 
1859 .. 
I860.. 
1961.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865.. 
1866.. 
1867.. 
1868.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


Ameri- 
can. 


1,863 
2,086 
2,581 
1,841 
72 
132 
198 
462 
1,163 
1,226 
1,269 
1,040 
1,664 
2,249 
1,404 
1,898 
1,958 
L859 
2,075 
2,007 
2,233 
2,427 
2,634 
2,742 
2,592 
2,748 
2,765 

2,  309 
2,902 
2,767 
2,901 
3,186 
2,918 
3,575 

3,  039 
2,302 


Brazil- 
ian. 


106 
125 
103 
100 
134 
138 
212 
340 
407 
437 
637 
514 
403 
515 
717 
471 
497 
424 
331 
316 
126 
78 
123 
229 
301 
281 
246 
210 
197 
417 
291 
161 
150 
146 
74 
271 


Egyp- 
tian. 


106 
101 
109 
98 
147 
248 
319 
414 
200 
198 
201 
226 
220 
272 
305 
328 
300 
281 
332 
293 
184 
256 
240 
271 
230 
267 
292 
270 
257 
274 
212 
284 
272 
331 
384 
320 


Peru- 
vian, <'U'. 


6 

7 

10 

10 

20 

23 

60 

131 

112 

129 

101 

106 

112 

133 

166 

138 

118 

89 

70 

60 

41 

92 

73 

57 

60 

51 

50 

49 

56 

16 

65 

60 

66 

66 

95 

98 


East 
Indian. 


361 

511 

563 

987 

1,072 

1,391 

1,798 

1,408 

1,867 

1,511 

1,452 

1,496 

1,063 

1,236 

1,288 

1,069 

1,042 

1,055 

775 

522 

432 

506 

570 

538 

1,052 

688 

801 

367 

530 

669 

418 

678 

604 

247 

173 

155 


Total. 


2,442 

2,830 

3,  366 

3,036 

1,445 

1,932 

2,587 

2,755 

3,749 

3,501 

3,660 

3,  382 

3,462 

4,405 

3,880 

3,  904 

3,915 

3,708 

3,583 

3,198 

3,016 

3,359 

3,640 

3,837 

4,235 

4,035 

4,154 

3,205 

3,942 

4,173 

3,887 

4,369 

4,010 

4,365 

3,765 

3, 146 


Average 

v.  eight 
(lbs.). 


420 
421 
424 
415 
369 
358 
346 
357 
361 
364 
353 
354 
380 
381 
354 
386 
387 
393 
407 
408 
433 
434 
434 
434 
418 
432 
431 
440 
442 
428 
439 
460 
467 
478 
491 
468 


Exporta- 
tion, all 

kinds. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


157 


Statement  showing  the  quantity  of  cotton  consumed  annually  by  the  mills 
of  Great  Britain  sine,  1822.  Also  the  British  exports  of  cotton  yarns 
and  cotton  goods  during  the  some  period,  and  the  average  prices  of 
American,  Brazilian,  <d<<1  East  Indian  cotton  for  each  year. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  official  reports  of  Liverpool  Cotton 

Association.'] 


Cotton  consumed  by 
British  mills. 


In  thousands 

of  bak-s. 


515 
560 
605 
600 
511 
675 
732 
745 
832 
858 
891 
880 
919 
954 
011 
057 
207 
114 
251 
192 
1G0 
367 
429 
574 
586 
158 
464 
590 
514 
663 
861 
904 
967 
101 
183 
031 
175 
297 
523 


Avcro^o 

bales 
(pounds). 


267 
275 
273 
278 
294 
297 
297 
294 
298 
306 
311 
326 
330 
333 
343 
346 
346 
343 
367 
367 
375 
379 
381 
385 
387 
381 
394 
396 
388 
396 
397 
400 
394 
399 
408 
406 
417 
424 
429 


Exports 

of  cotton 
yarns. 


Til  millions 
of  pounds. 


26 

27 

35 

33 

42 

43 

43 

60 

64 

61 

76 

71 

76 

83 

88 

103 

114 

106 

118 

123 

137 

140 

139 

135 

162 

120 

136 

150 

131 

144 

145 

148 

147 

165 

181 

177 

200 

192 

197 


Exports 

nf  cotton 

goods. 


In  millions 
of  yards. 


304 

302 

344 

336 

267 

365 

363 

402 

441 

421 

461 

496 

656 

557 

638 

531 

690 

731 

791 

751 

734 

919 

1,047 

1,092 

1,065 

943 

1,097 

1,338 

1,358 

1,543 

1,524 

1,595 

1,693 

1,938 

2,035 

1,979 

2,  324 

2,563 

2,776 


Average  prices  of  cotton  for 
the  year. 


American 
middling 
uplands 
(pence). 


8i 

H 
8£ 
H| 
61 
64 
6f 
51 
61 
6 

6f 

84 

8| 
101 
9| 
7 
7 

6 

61 
5| 
4f 

4^ 
41 

a 

6i 

^ 

51 

7 

5^ 

5& 

5J 

51 

5| 

6A 

71 

6J 

61 

61 


Brazilian  i  East  In- 
fair  Per-  dian,  fair 
nambuco      Sural 

(pence),  (pence). 


Hi 

12 

HI 
151 

10* 
91 

8f 
71 
81 
71 

lOf 

111 

131 
L2J 

10 

91 
10 

9 

81 

7^ 

6i 

61 

6 

6.1 

7| 

51- 

51 

73 

71 

61 

ai 

61 

61 

7 

8J 

^i- 

s; 

8  ft 


51 

51 

4f 

4 

5 

I: 

5 

61 

63 

71 

61 

4| 

I; 

51 

41 

4f 

4 

31 

3f 

31 

34 

44 

31 

31 

51 

4.1 

1! 

41 

3£ 

4 

4.1 

54 

n.v 


158 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Statement  showing  quantity  of  cotton  consumed  annually  by  the  mills  of 
Great  Britain  since  1822.  Also  the  British  exports  of  cotton  yarns  and 
cotton  goods  during  the  same  period,  and  the  average  prices  of  Ameri- 
can, Brazilian,  and  Bast  Indian  cotton  for  each  year— Continued. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcomviittee  from  the  official  reports   of  Liverpool 

Cotton  Association.] 


Cotton  consumed,  by 
British  mills. 

Exports 

of  cotton 

yarns. 

Exports 

of  cotton 

goods. 

Average  prices  of  cotton  for 
the  year. 

Years. 

In  thousands 
of  bales. 

Average 
weight  of 

bales. 
(Pounds.) 

In  millions 
of  pounds. 

In  millions 
of  yards. 

American' 
middling 

uplands.  , 
(Pence.) 

Brazilian 

fair  Per- 
lambuco. 

(Pence.) 

East  In- 

lian.fair 

Surat. 

Pence.) 

1861 

2,364 

1,185 

1,378 

1,566 

2,035 

2,386 

2,573 

2,802 

2,  628 

2,797 

3,115 

3,266 

3, 184  , 

3,248 

3,105 

3,095 

2,998 

2,705 

2,717 

3,068 

3,244 

3,408 

3,482 

3,441 

2,914 

3,241 

3,469 

3,422 

3.353 

3,500 

3,479 

3,430 

2,984 

426 

381 

370 

354 

355 

369 

376 

354 

357 

386 

388 

362 

391 

393 

396 

414 

410 

441 

423 

444 

441 

428 

438 

431 

446 

447 

432 

446 

467 

475 

479 

494 

484 

178 
93 
74 
76 
104 
139 
169 
174 
170 
186 
193 
212 
215 
220 
215 
220 
216 
251 
233 
213 
252 
239 
264 
269 
244 
256 
*249 
255 
251 
259 
247 
236 
198 

2,563 
1,681 
1,711 
1,752 
2,  014 
2,576 
2,832 

2,  977 
2,866 
3,267 
3,411 
3,535 

3,  483 
3,603 
3,560 
3,660 
3,820 
3,618 
3,682 
4,467 
4,756 
4,450 
4,534 
4,393 
4,334 
4,877 
4,853 
5,026 
5,024 
5,093 
4,900 
4,859 
4,599 

8ft 

m 

23} 

271- 
19 

m 
m 

12i 

QU-; 
8f6 

10ft 
9 

8 

Bk 

6ft 
64 

6  ft 

'6ft 
®& 
54 
6 
51 
5i 
5* 
5ft 

6 

■m 

4ft 

4f 

9| 

24} 
28J 
19  i 
17* 
Hf 
HI 
12$ 

ni 

9ft 

10| 
9f 
8i 

715 

6i 

6* 

m 
m 

6ft 

6ft 

7ft 

5tf 

6ft 

6H 

5ft 

5ft 

51 

6ft 

»l  Si. 

r.  :. 

H 

41 

6f- 

1862 

121 

1863 

m 

1864 

21* 

1865 

14* 

1866 

12 

1867 

81 

1868 

8+ 

1869 

91 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

8i- 
5|  | 
7-V 
6a% 

^1  0 

1875 

5 

1876 

44 

1877 

5ft 

1878 

41f 

1879 

5 

1880 

5} 

1881 

if 

1882 

1  ,;;; 

1883 

3| 

1884 

m 

1885 

4i 

1886 

3ft 

1887 

3ft 

1888 

35 

1889 

4ft 

1890 

4ft 

1891 

8ft 

1892 

3ft 

1893 

3ft 

The  quotations  are  given  in  pence.  At  $4.80  to  the  pound  sterling-, 
a  penny  is  equal  to  exactly  2  cents,  so  that  all  of  the  above  prices  may 
be  converted  into  cents  by  multiplying  by  2. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


159 


COTTON  MANUFACTURE  IX  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

To  illustrate  concisely  the  progress  of  cotton  manufacturing  in  Great 
Britain  since  L850,  the  following  statement  has  been  prepared  by  the 
secretary  of  the  subcommittee,  the  figures  being  in  accord  with  those 
of  Thomas  Ellison,  esq.,  of  Liverpool,  whom  the  secretary  considers 
the  best  authority  upon  the  subject: 


Yoar  ending  September  30 — 


Number  of 

cotton  spindles 

in  operation. 


Number  of  bales 
n!'  cotton  «li- 1  i \ - 

ci  cil  tn  ( In-  nulls. 


Average 
weighl  of 

bales 
(pounds). 


1851 
1861 
1872 
1882 
1883 
1881 
1885 
1*86 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


21,000,000 
33,  000,  000 
36,  000,  000 
41,000,000 
42,000,000 
42,750,000 
43,000,000 

42,  700,  000 
42,740,000 
43, 000,  000 

43,  500,  000 
43, 750, 000 

44,  750,  000 

45,  350,  000 
45,  270,  000 


1,  667,  000 

2,  635,  000 
3, 132,  000 
3, 439,  000 

3,  426, 000 
3,  388,  000 
3,  085,  000 
3, 203,  000 
3,  386,  000 
3,  524,  000 
3,  288,  000 
3, 453,  000 
3,  577,  000 
3,  213,  000 
2,  893,  000 


392 
428 
360 
430 
442 
429 
445 
449 
436 
436 
459 
471 
478 
489 
488 


It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  decade  between  1851  and  1861  the 
increase  in  the  takings  of  cotton  by  the  British  mills  was  58  per  cent. 
During  the  next  decade  the  increase  was  19  per  cent.  In  the  decade 
ending  in  1882  the  increase  was  only  10  per  cent,  while  in  the  year 
ending  September  30,  1892,  the  mills,  though  taking  220,000  bales  less 
than  in  1882,  actually  took  about  0  per  cent  more  cotton  on  account  of 
the  heavier  weight  of  the  bales  in  1802.  Owing  to  a  strike  by  operatives 
in  the  Lancashire  mills,  which  diminished  the  consumption  fully  500,000 
bales,  the  takings  of  cotton  during  the  year  ending  September  30, 1893, 
should  not  be  used  for  comparison  with  other  years. 


160 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


COTTON  MANUFACTURE  ON  THE  CONTINENT  OF  EUEOPE. 

To  illustrate  concisely  the  progress  of  cotton  manufacturing  in 
Europe  (exclusive  of  Great  Britain)  since  1850,  the  following  state- 
ment has  been  prepared  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee,  the 
figures  being  in  accord  with  those  of  Thomas  Ellison,  esq.,  of  Liverpool, 
whom  the  secretary  considers  the  best  authority  upon  the  subject: 


Tear  ending  September  30 — 


1851 
1801 
1872 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
188G 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


Number  of 

eolton  spindles 

in  operation. 


6,  000,  000 
10,  000,  000 
13,  000,  000 

21,  885,  000 

22,  450,  COO 
22,  650,  000 
22, 750,  000 
22,  900,  000 
23, 180,  000 
24,  385,  000 

24,  885,  000 

25,  460, 000 

26,  035,  000 
26,  405,  000 

'  26,  850,  000 


Number  of  bales 
of  cotton  deliv- 
ered to  tlio  mills. 


958,  000 
1,  776,  000 

1,  981,  000 
2, 960,  000 
3,  447,  000 

2,  975, 000 

2,  961,  000 

3,  211,  000 
3,  387,  000 
3, 515,  000 
3,  780,  000 

3,  908,  000 

4,  086,  000 
3, 943,  000 
4, 185,  000 


Average 
weight  of 

bales 
(pounds). 


392 
428 
350 
418 
423 
421 
433 
439 
430 
432 
433 
441 
453 
460 
459 


It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  decade  between  1851  and  1SG1  the  in- 
crease in  the  takings  of  cotton  by  the  continental  mills  was  85  per 
cent.  During  the  next  decade,  owing  to  the  European  war,  the  increase 
was  only  1H-  per  cent.  In  the  decade  ending  in  18S2  the  increase  was 
49^  per  cent.  In  the  last  decade,  ending  in  1892,  the  increase  was  33£ 
per  cent.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  progress  of  the  industry  has  been 
constant  and  rapid  though  there  has  been  a  falling  off  since  1891,  due 
to  business  depression. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


1G1 


ANNUAL  DELIVERIES  OF  COTTON  TO  BRITISH  SPINNERS. 

Statement  showing  the  quantity  of  the  different  growths  of  cotton  delivered 

to  the  spinners  of  Great  Britain  during  each  year  ending  September  30, 
since  1^70. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  circulars  of  Messrs.  Ellison 

*fc  Co.,  of  Liverpool.] 

(In  thousands  of  bales.) 


Year  ending 
September  0U- 


L871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

L878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

L882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 


Great  Britain. 


Ameri- 
can. 


1,925 
1.112 
1,  654 
1,  701 
1,606 
1,948 

1,  990 

2,  074 
2.(194 
2,  294 
2,511 
2,440 
2,550 
2,376 
2,295 
2,  552 
2,530 
2,690 
2,605 
2,770 
2,  SS2 
2, 681 
2,295 


East 
Indian. 

Brazilian. 

Egyp- 
tian. 

Perm  ian, 

etc. 

558 

379 

241 

119 

658 

668 

239 

155 

737 

509 

306 

129 

660 

413 

285 

90 

668 

461 

245 

97 

479 

238 

298 

54 

407 

416 

286 

50 

221 

192 

256 

44 

191 

93 

169 

55  | 

270 

119 

273 

62  ; 

239 

159 

247 

45 

415 

279 

263 

42 

434 

205 

200 

37 

376 

338 

258 

40 

286 

178 

285 

41 

ITS 

ITS 

250 

45 

211 

332 

211 

39 

201 

350 

248 

35 

255 

153 

235 

LO 

304 

110 

212 

27 

233 

mi 

2S2 

In 

97 

76 

:;n 

15 

64 

182 

311 

41 

Total. 


3,  222 
3,132 
3,335 
3,149 
3,077 
3,017 
3,149 
2,787 
2,602 
3,018 
3,201 
3,439 
3,  126 
3,388 
3,085 
3,203 
3,386 
3,  524 
:;,  288 
:;,  153 
3,  577 
3,213 
2,  893 


Total 

weight,  in 


Average 
weigh! 


392 
360 
384 
394 
390 
421 
406 
436 
436 
444 
446 
430 
442 
429 
445 
449 
436 
436 
459 
471 
478 
489 
488 


1,  263,  024 
1, 127,  520 
1,  280,  640 
1,  240,  706 
1, 198,  838 
1,  270,  287 
1,  278,  538 
1, 215,  000 
1, 134,  000 
1,  340,  000 
1,  428,  000 
1,  479,  000 
1,  514.  000 
1, 452,  000 
1,  373,  000 
1,  438,  000 
1,  476,  000 
1, 537,  000 
1, 509,  000 
1,626,000 
1,  710, 000 
1,  571,  000 
1,  412, 000 


COT — VOL  2- 


-11 


162 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


ANNUAL  DELIYEEIES  OF  COTTON  TO  SPINNEES  OF  THE 
CONTINENT  OF  EUEOPE. 

Statement  showing  the  quantity  of  the  different  growths  of  cotton  delivered 
to  the  spinner's  of  Europe  (except  Great  Britain)  during  each  year 
ending  September  30th,  since  1870. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  circulars  of  Messrs.  Elli- 
son &  Co.,  of  Liverpool.] 

(In  thousands  of  bales.) 


Year  ending 
September  30- 


Contiiieutal  Europe. 


1871.. 
1872.. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 

1881. 
1882. 
1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

L889. 

1890. 

1891. 

L892. 

1893. 


Ameri- 
can. 


1,118 
671 
890 
1,  021 
981 
1,184 
1,  023 
1,  402 
1,570 
1,421 
1,709 
1,468 
1,865 
1,506 
1,  599 
1,888 
1,  850 
1,971 
2,077 
2, 133 
2,417 
2,495 
2,249 


East 
Indian. 


Brazilian. 


753 

726 

790 

874 

947 

916 

862 

(556 

707 

919 

850 

1,112 

1,327 

1,166 

1,019 

1,048 

1,  1ST 

1,  197 

1,294 

1,439 

1,260 

1,  035 

1,085 


212 

298 

231 

187 

154 

109 

63 

55 

32 

43 

76 

114 

93 

72 

40 

22 

91 

108 

149 

70 

73 

71 

107 


Egyp- 
tian. 


Peruvian,!     Total 


96 

65 

101 

91 

85 

166 

155 

179 

88 

174 

164 

188 

104 

145 

200 

172 

165 

171 

163 

183 

270 

256 

337 


186 

221 

181 

196 

174 

178 

152 

112 

65 

61 

84 

78 

58 

86 

103 

81 

91 

68 

97 

83 

66 

86 

"407 


Average    T",al 

,  7  s,?.  thousands 
(pounds).  ()f  pounds). 


2,365 
1,981 
2,193 
2,369 
2,341 
2,553 
2,255 
2,404 
2,462 
2,618 
2,883 
2,960 
3,447 
2,975 

2,  961 
3,211 
3,387 

3,  515 
3,  780 
3,  908 
4,086 
3,943 
I,  L85 


380 
350 
366 
377 
382 
402 
408 
423 
418 
423 
428 
418 
423 
421 
133 
139 
430 
132 
433 
441 
453 
460 
459 


898, 700 

693,  350 

802,  638 

893, 113 

894, 262 

1,026,374 

920,082 

1,  029,  000 

1,  029,  000 

1, 107,  000 

1,  234,  000 

1,  237, 000 

1,  459,  000 

1,  253,  000 

1,  282,  000 

1,  410, 000 

1,  457,  000 

1,  518, 000 

1,644,000 

1,723,000 

1,  851,  000 

1,814,000 

1,  919,  000 


Including  :;0;),000  bales  from  the  Russian  provinces  ol  central  Asia. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


163 


ANNUAL  DELIVERIES  OF  COTTON  TO   SPINNERS  OF  ALL 

EUEOPB. 

Statement  showing  the  quantity  of  the  different  growths  of  cotton  deliv- 
ered to  the  sj>inners  of  all  Europe  (Great  Britain  and  the  Continent) 
during  each  year  ending  September  30th,  since  1870. 

[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  circulars  of  Messrs  Elli- 
son &  Co.,  of  Liverpool.] 

{In  thousands  of  bales.  ) 


Tear  en  dine 
September  30— 


1871 
L872 

1873 
1874 

1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
is:  12 
1893 


All  Europe. 


Ameri- 
can. 


3,043 
2,083 
2,  541 

2.  722 
2,587 
3,132 
3,013 

3,  476 
3,664 
3,  715 
4,220 
3,  908 
4,415 
3,882 
3,894 
4,440 
4,380 
4,661 
4,682 
4,903 
5,299 
5,176 
4,544 


East 

Indian. 


1,311 
1,384 
1,527 
1,534 
1,615 
1,395 
1,269 
877 
898 
1,189 
1,089 
1,527 
1,761 
1,542 
1,305 
1,226 
1,431 
1,398 
1,549 
1,743 
1,493 
1,132 
1,149 


Brazilian 


591 
966 
740 
600 
615 
347 
479 
247 
125 
162 
235 
393 
298 
410 
218 
200 
426 
458 
302 
180 
213 
147 
289 


Egyp- 
tian. 

Peruvian, 

etc. 

337 

305 

304 

376 

407 

310 

376 

286 

330 

271 

464 

232 

441 

202 

435 

156 

257 

120 

447 

123 

411 

129 

451 

120 

304 

95 

403 

126 

485 

144 

422 

126 

406 

130 

419 

103 

389 

137 

125 

110 

552 

106 

570 

131 

648 

148 

Total. 


5,  587 
5,113 
5,528 
5,518 
5,418 
5,570 
5,404 
5,191 

5,  064 
5,636 
6,084 
6,399 
6,873 
6,363 
6,046 

6,  111 
6,773 
7,039 
7,059 
7,361 
7,663 
7,156 
7,078 


Averge 

Wright 

(pounds). 


387 

356 

377 

387 

386 

412 

407 

432 

427 

434 

438 

424 

433 

425 

439 

444 

433 

434 

446 

454 

465 

473.1 

470.6 


Total 
weight  (in 

thousands  of 
pounds). 


2, 161.  724 

1,  820,  870 
2, 083,  278 
2, 133, 819 

2,  093, 100 
2,  296,  661 
2, 198,  620 
2,  244,  000 
2, 163,  000 
2,  4 17,  000 
2,  662,  000 
2,  716,  000 
2,  974,  000 
2,  705,  000 
2,  655,  000 
2,  848, 000 

2,  933, 000 

3,  055,  000 
3,154,000 
3,  345,  000 
3,  560,  000 
3,  381,  000 
3,  331,  000 


164     COTTON  CULTUEE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  J.  M.  Crawford,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  St.  Petersburg,  Russia. 

MAT  25,  1893. 

This  report  is  based  upon  official  figures,  partly  upon  the  original 
data  made  to  the  governor-general  of  Turkestan  by  the  States  Coun- 
sellor Broduvsky,  in  part  upon  data  collected  by  the  Imperial  Eussian 
commission  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  especially  upon 
data  collected  by  the  department  of  agriculture  and  of  trade  and 
manufacture  under  the  Imperial  ministry  of  finance  for  publication  in 
the  near  future  of  a  Government  work  entitled  The  Industries  of 
Eussia. 

Eussian  cotton  is  principally  grown  in  Transcaucasia  and  Turkestan, 
where  it  lias  been  cultivated  from  most  ancient  times. 

During  the  many  ages  following  the  entrance  of  cotton  into  Turkestan 
the  fibre  was  more  or  less  generally  used  in  various  ways  for  the  cloth- 
ing  and  comfort  of  the  inhabitants  and  in  the  export  trade  of  the 
neighboring  countries.  During  the  early  periods  of  cotton-growing 
in  Asiatic  Eussia  there  were  no  regular  planters  to  occupy  themselves 
exclusively  with  this  branch  of  agriculture.  It  was  grown  as  a  sup- 
plementary iudustry  only  iu  rotation  with  the  crops  of  prime  necessity. 

In  1862  this  crop  probably  obtained  its  greatest  development  in  tliat 
region  during  the  time  when  the  Eussian  cotton  manufacturing  was 
undergoing  a  severe  crisis  iu  consequence  of  a  great  falling  off  of  the 
import  of  American  cotton,  due  to  the  consequences  of  the  civil  war 
in  the  United  States.  As  the  prices  of  cotton  were  very  high  in  the 
early  sixties  cotton-growing  developed  rapidly  in  Bokhara,  Khiva, 
Kokanskoe,  Khanstvo,  and  also  beyond  the  Caucasus  to  such  an  extent 
that  the  cotton  crisis  passed  favorably  to  Eussia.  However,  after 
Turkestan  was  conquered  by  Eussia  the  annual  growth  of  cotton  in 
that  country  rapidly  decreased,  due  largely  to  a  general  fall  in  prices 
on  the  foreign  markets.  On  taking  full  possession  of  Turkestan  the 
Eussian  Government  paid  special  attention  to  the  growing  of  cotton  in 
that  locality  in  the  hope  of  removing  the  necessity  of  buying  cotton 
abroad.  It  was  at  once  determined  to  introduce  the  several  varieties 
of  American  cotton  into  Turkestan.  During  the  subsequent  ten  years 
all  attempts  to  cultivate  American  cotton  failed,  due  largely  to  the  fact 
that  there  was  a  general  desire  to  grow  the  Sea  Island  cotton,  gossyp- 
ium  barbadense,  which  proved  to  be  unable  to  weather  the  dry  climate 
of  Turkestan.  It  was  not  until  1880  that  it  was  learned  that  the 
upland  cotton,  gossypium  hirsutum,  could  be  successfully  raised  there, 
whereupon  immediate  and  energetic  measures  were  taken  by  the  Eus- 
sian  Government  to  further  its  cultivation.  The  first  plantation  was 
established  in  Tashkent.  Handbooks  were  prepared  in  Eussia  and  in 
all  the  local  dialects  found  in  the  cotton-growing  districts  of  Asiatic 
Eussia  and  gratuitously  distributed  among  the  inhabitants,  giving 
minute  details  for  the  successful  cultivation  of  American  upland  cotton. 
Furthermore,  the  sale  of  all  cotton  grown  from  American  seed  was 
miarauteed.  Cotton  gins  were  ordered  from  the  United  States,  and  in 
due  course  the  American  varieties  were  sold  on  the  interior  markets  of 
Eussia  at  a  great  advance  above  the  local  species.  Tn  1881  not  more 
than  810  acres  were  sown,  ami  live  veins  later  there  were  L20,150  acres 
in  upland  cotton  alone.  In  1890  there  were  in  Turkestan 245,000  acres 
in  "upland"  and  other  varieties  of  cotton,  including  the  native  plant, 
from  which  45,600,000  pounds  of  clean  fibre  were  harvested,  the  aver 
age  yield  being  180  pounds  of  lint  cotton  per  acre. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


165 


The  following  table  will  show  tin1  division  of  the  Asiatic  Russian 
territory  in  American  and  native  cotton,  separately,  in  1890: 


Territory  of  Syr-Daria.. 
"  "    Fergana  .   . 

"  "    Samai  kand 

Total  in  Turkestan 


Acres. 

rounds. 

A  merican. 

Native. 

American. 

Native. 

48. 870 
91.014 
16,035 

5,130       8,201.016 
50,352     21,744,000 
30,966       3 

684,000 

7.  416, 

4,752,000 

158,910 


86,  448  i  33,  325,  416   12,  852,  000 


It  lias  been  estimated  that  in  1892  in  Turkestan  72,000,000  pounds 
of  fibre  were  harvested,  the  greatest  quantity  being  grown  in  the  Fer- 
gana Territory  and  the  least  in  Syr-Daria.  In  calculating  the  future 
possibilities  of  cotton- growing  in  Turkestan  the  conclusion  has  been 
reached  that  with  a  rational  use  of  the  existing  supplies  of  water,  espe- 
cially those  of  the  river  Syr-Daria  and  with  the  construction  of  new 
irrigation  systems,  Turkestan  alone  will  be  able  to  grow  L>.">0,000,000 
pounds  of  clean  fibre.  The  Tashkend  and  Khokand  cottons  are  the 
principal  local  varieties  grown  in  this  region.  Among  the  best-known 
varieties  of  American  upland  may  be  mentioned  the  New  Orleans. 
Texas,  Ozier,  Silk,  Peterkin.  Dickson,  and  the  Duncan  M  am  moth  Pro- 
lific. 

The  methods  of  cultivation  are  as  yet  primitive  and  various.  The 
more  intelligent  growers  have  adopted  the  improved  systems,  as  far  as 
possible,  of  ploughing  and  preparation  of  the  soil,  of  sowing,  and  of 
irrigation.  The  Government  has  sent  numbers  of  intelligent  persons 
to  the  cotton  growing  districts  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  better 
methods  of  cultivation  to  the  inhabitants.  However,  the  old  systems 
of  farmijQg  cling  to  the  people  and  improved  methods  are  taken  up  very 
slowly.  For  example,  the  preparation  of  the  cotton  fields  with  improved 
implemonts,  the  manuring  of  the  soil,  careful  selection  of  the  seed,  and 
rational  methods  are  as  yet  only  found  on  a  few  Russian  plantations, 
more  often  in  the  regions  of  Tashkend  and  very  rarely  indeed  in  the 
territories  of  Pergana  and  Samarkand. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  give  a  brief  description  of  the  methods 
adopted  by  the  average  Russian  planter.  He  breaks  up  his  soil  with 
the  primitive  Asiatic  wooden  plough,  known  as  the  sokha;  he  harrows 
the  field  with  a  single  board,  covers  the  seed  by  hand,  fertilizes  his 
soil  in  only  rare  instances,  takes  no  pains  in  the  selection  of  the  seed 
which  he  sows  broadcast;  in  a  word,  employs  only  the  most  primitive 
methods,  and  in  spite  of  his  imperfect  system  of  cultivation  generally 
harvests  a  good  crop,  thanks  to  the  exceedingly  favorable  conditions 
of  soil  and  climate. 

In  the  following  a  glimpse  is  given  of  the  several  stages  of  cultiva- 
tion as  employed  by  the  Russian  planter  in  his  efforts  to  grow  American 
upland  cotton:  First,  autumn  irrigation,  if  the  soil  require  it;  second, 
autumn  ploughing,  only  resorted  to  occasionally,  as  the  natives  rarely 
plough  in  the  fall;  third,  spring  ploughing  and  harrowing:  fourth, 
division  of  the  fields  into  beds,  also  not  universal;  fifth,  irrigation; 
sixth,  sowing  and  covering  the  seed;  seventh,  irrigation;  eighth,  thin- 
ning out  the  plants,  weeding,  and  hoeing;  ninth,  irrigation;  tenth, 
hoeing;  eleventh,  irrigation;  twelfth,  hoeing;  thirteenth,  trimming, 
not  everywhere  practiced;  finally,  cotton  picking.  In  most  cases  the 
Dumber  of  irrigations  may  be  placed  at  three  or  four  after  sowing, 
which  takes  place  generally  about  the  first  of  May. 


166     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

The  cost  of  production,  including  picking  and  3leaning,  of  American 
upland  cotton  in  Turkestan  on  tbe  estates  of  Russian  planters,  from 
whom  only  reliable  data  can  be  secured,  ranges  according  to  their 
figures  from  $34  to  $17  per  acre.  The  expenses  of  the  natives  are,  of 
course,  considerably  less,  as  they  do  their  own  work  and  value  their 
time  at  almost  nothing.  It  has  been  roughly  estimated  that  the  cotton 
crop  costs  the  peasant  planter,  somewhere  from  five  to  ten  dollars  per 
acre. 

The  average  approximate  cost  of  production  per  pood  (36  pounds)  of 
upland  cotton  on  the  spot  may  be  taken  at  $2.50;  the  cost  of  trans- 
port to  Moscow,  including  all  sundry  expenses,  about  one  dollar,  so  that 
the  cost  of  upland  cotton  in  Moscow  is  about  $3.50  per  pood  (30  pounds). 
It  being  remembered  that  the  selling  price  per  pood  of  upland  on  the 
Moscow  Bourse  is  about  $4.70,  it  follows  that  the  grower  clears  about 
$1.20  per  pood,  which  means  a  profit  of  about  $6.00  per  acre  with  am 
average  crop  of  540  pounds  of  seed  cotton. 

Almost  all  the  local  cotton  is  cleaned  with  the  aid  of  wooden  imple- 
ments by  hand.  The  American  Upland  and  a  part  of  the  local  growth 
are  treated  by  gins  moved  by  water  or  by  animal  power,  very  rarely  by 
steam.  In  Tashkend,  Kokand,  Namangan,  Marghelan,  and  Andizhan 
cotton  cleaning  or  ginning  mills  are  established  generally  in  the  centre 
of  extensive  plantations.  At  the  present  there  are  one  hundred  of  such 
mills  in  Turkestan  with  some  four  hundred  gins  and  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  presses,  the  most  of  which  are  imported  from  the  United 
States.  The  presses  are  generally  worked  by  hand,  there  being  only 
ten  hydraulic  presses  in  the  entire  country.  The  best  of  the  cotton 
seed  is  kept  for  sowing,  the  next  grade  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton-seed  oil,  the  worst  grade  for  fuel,  and  waste  goes  as  feed  for  live- 
stock. The  fibre  is  pressed  into  bales  of  generallyfrom  250  to  325  pounds 
each,  and  it  is  shipped  to  Samarkand,  the  terminus  of  the  Transcas- 
pian  railway  either  on  the  backs  of  camels  or  in  carts,  a  camel  carrying 
from  500  to  600  pounds  and  a  cart  from  1,000  to  1,500  pounds.  Such 
imperfect  and  slow  methods  of  transportation  of  cotton  to  Samarkand 
have  so  interfered  with  the  success  of  cotton  planters  of  Turkestan  that 
a  railway  from  Samarkand  to  Kokand,  one  of  the  most  important  centres 
to  which  cotton  Hows  from  the  whole  Fergana  territory,  has  been  pro- 
jected and  when  constructed  will  greatly  cheapen  the  transportation 
to  the  Transcaspian  railway  and  consequently  to  European  Russia. 

It  should  be  noted  that  plantations  of  more  than  250  acres  are  rarely 
met  with  in  Turkestan.  The  vast  majority  of  plantations  consist  of 
small  plots  of  land,  ranging  from  one  to  fifteen  acres  and  cultivated  by 
the  natives,  who,  notwithstanding,  supply  the  markets  with  fully  ninety 
per  cent  of  the  total  production  of  the  country,  the  most  of  which  is 
sold  to  Moscow  and  Lodz  manufacturers. 

According  to  statistics  the  average  crop  of  American  cotton  in  the 
territory  of  the  Syr-Daria  ranges  from  L85  to  215  pounds  of  ginned 
cotton  per  acre,  while  that  of  the  native  plant  is  somewhat  less.  In 
the  Fergana  and  Samarkand  regions  the  average  yields  are  a  little 
higher.  In  individual  cases,  especially  when  improved  methods  are 
used  and  when  the  autumn  is  warmer  and  free  from  frost,  the  crops 
are  considerably  heavier,  reaching  as  high  as  450  to  500  pounds  per 
acre. 

Bukhara  produces  aboul  55, 000,000  pounds  of  cotton,  nearly  the 
whole  of  which  is  of  the  Asiatic  variety.  There  are  about  25  cotton 
ginning  and  pressing  mills  situated  in  the  largest  centres  of  the  Khan's 
dominions,  namely  in  Karakul,  Permes,  Bukhara   and   the  Buuara. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  167 

Station  on  the  Transeaspian  Railway.  In  these,  mills  there  are  some 
twenty  gins  and  25  to  30  presses,  mostly  worked  by  hand.  The  entire 
transportation  of  cotton  from  Bukhara  is  by  the  Transeaspian  railway. 
The  Khanate  of  Khiva  produces  from  20  to  30  million  pounds  of  cotton 
fibre  per  annum,  almost  exclusively  of  the  native  variety.  From 
official  figures  it  is  found  that  the  total  of  the  central  Asiatic  countries 
produce  about  150,0(10.000  pounds  (equal  to  300,000  American  bales) 
of  cotton  fibre,  more  than  three-fourths  of  which  are  shipped  to  European 
Russia.  In  1890  the  manufacturers  of  European  Russia  received  of 
clean  cotton,  from  Turkestan  42,571,548  pounds;  from  the  Kliivan 
Khanate  18,111,204  pounds,  chiefly  through  Orenburg;  from  Bukhara 
!!». 736,484  pounds;  from  the  Transeaspian  territory  182,028  pounds,  or 
in  all  1 10,001,804  pounds.  The  whole  of  this  cotton,  with  the  exception 
of  part  of  that  from  Khiva,  is  shipped  by  the  Transeaspian  Railway, 
as  far  as  Uzun  Ada,  whence  by  various  routes  it  reaches  the  Moscow, 
Lodz,  Warsaw  and  St.  Petersburg  manufacturing  districts. 

At  tirst  the  introduction  of  American  seed  was  looked  upon  as  a  mere 
speculation  which  tempted  only  the  more  venturesome  farmers;  the 
success,  however,  of  the  initiators  in  this  matter  was  very  marked,  in 
that  they  received  a  hundred  per  cent  of  clear  profit  on  their  invested 
capital,  in  other  words,  ten  dollars  per  acre.  Such  a  success  brought 
about  a  genuine  cotton  fever  in  the  country  and  the  aristocracy  and 
even  military  men  hastened  to  rent  land  for  cotton  plantations.  The 
growing  of  American  cotton  increased  incredibly  fast.  The  300  pounds 
of  American  cotton  seed  imported  in  1884  yielded  after  six  years  a  crop 
of  45,000,000  pounds  of  clean  fibre  and  in  1801  the  shipment  of  cotton 
from  Central  Asia  to  the  interior  amounted  to  108,000,000  pounds. 
Such  an  increase  in  the  cotton  industry  in  Central  Asia  must  be  looked 
upon,  however,  as  abnormal  and  to  some  extent  as  the  result  of  the 
cotton  fever.  Such  a  forced  cultivation  to  the  very  limits  of  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  the  cotton  zone  (Tashkend  for  example  being  41°  N.), 
shows  the  instability  of  the  entire  movement.  It  will  be  easily  seen 
that  however  rich  the  local  soil,  it  must  soon  succumb  to  such  irrational 
methods  of  cultivation.  If  the  success  of  the  Governmental  efforts  to 
grow  American  cotton  in  Russia  depended  upon  the  results  of  the 
unreasonable  demands  of  the  speculators,  the  entire  scheme  would 
undoubtedly  fail.  However,  independent  of  the  cotton  speculators, 
different  sorts  of  American  cotton  are  being  grown  by  the  local  farmers 
who  are  more  reasonable  in  their  demands  of  the  soil.  Due  to  this  fact, 
American  cotton  is  gradually  and  surely  driving  out  the  local  varieties. 
The  regular  farmers  in  the  cotton-growing  districts  are  introducing 
more  or  less  generally,  American  cotton  along  with  other  crops,  thus 
giving  the  industry  a  stable  position  in  the  agriculture,  of  the  country, 
inasmuch  as  cotton  yet  occupies  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  the  total  of 
ploughed  fields. 

THE  FUTURE   OF   THE   INDUSTRY. 

The  important  question  whether  Russia  will  ever  be  able  to  satisfy  the 
demands  of  her  own  cotton  mills,  at  present  not  less  than  360,000,000 
pounds  cotton  yarn  per  year,  is  answered  affirmatively  by  those  who 
have  studied  the  matter  here,  under  the  condition  however  that  the 
cotton  fields  be  cultivated  according  to  rational  and  economic  methods 
and  under  the  further  condition  that  the  cotton-growing  districts  of  the 
Empire  become  populated  sufficiently  to  cultivate  the  whole  territory. 
Both  of  these  conditions,  however,  are  so  difficult  to  control  that  the 


168     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

question  practically  may  be  answered  in  the  negative  for  many  years 
to  come.  In  fact,  it  is  very  probable  that  the  turn  of  the  cotton  industry 
in  Russia  will  be  somewhat  in  the  following  direction:  On  the  construc- 
tion of  cotton  manufactories  in  Central  Asia  now  projected,  the  exports 
to  European  Russia  of  cotton  grown  in  that  region  will  be  greatly  less- 
ened, thus  leaving  a  rich  field  in  Moscow,  St.  Petersburg,  Lodz,  War- 
saw and  other  cotton  manufacturing  towns  to  be  supplied  by  other 
cotton-growing  countries,  principally  the  United  States.  This  view 
seems  all  the  more  tenable  when  it  is  considered  that  the  cost  of  trans- 
port of  the  raw  material  from  the  Turkestan  territories  to  the  manu- 
factories of  European  Russia  is  not  less  than  75  cents  per  pood  (36 
pounds)  and  that  the  transport  of  cotton  goods  back  to  the  cotton- 
growing  district  is  also  75  cents  per  pood. 

COTTON   CROP  IN  TRANSCAUCASIA. 

In  Transcaucasia  cotton  also  has  been  grown  from  ancient  times,  the 
American  Upland  being  introduced  very  recently.  In  this  country 
there  are  about  100,000  acres  under  cotton,  90  per  cent  of  which 
is  in  the  Erivan  government.  There  are  small  patches  under  cotton 
in  the  governments  of  Elizavethpol,  Baku,  Kutais,  and  even  in  Tiflis. 
The  total  yearly  production  is  about  22,000,000  pouuds,  of  which  more 
than  half  is  American  cotton,  the  remainder  being  the  local  varieties 
and  Jumel  (Egyptian),  the  latter  being  grown  only  in.  the  government 
of  Kutais.  The  average  crop  of  American  cotton  is  estimated  to  be 
from  200  to  300  pounds  of  clean  fiber  per  acre,  the  local  varieties  yield- 
ing somewhat  less.  Cotton-cleaning  mills  with  gins  do  not  exist  in  the 
Transcaucasia  districts.  The  cotton  is  cleaned  upon  gins  scattered 
between  the  different  settlements  and  generally  in  the  cotton  centers. 
About  nine-tenths  of  the  entire  crop  is  sent  to  the  factories  of  European 
h'ussia  through  Baku.  In  general  it  may  be  said  that  cotton -growing 
in  Transcaucasia  is  gradually  developing  as  better  methods  of  cultiva- 
tion are  introduced. 

Extremes  of  wet  and  dry  seasons  are  common  in  this  region,  and 
cause  the  cotton  crop  to  rust,  thus  injuring  the  amount  and  quality  of 
the  harvest. 

There  are  several  conditions,  especially  in  the  governments  of  Kutais, 
Elizavethpol,  and  Baku,  which  tend  to  retard  the  development  of  cotton- 
growing  in  Transcaucasia.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  generally  sown  in 
gardens  aud  orchards  or  in  more  or  less  shady  places,  causing  it  to 
ripen  slowly;  secondly,  it  is  generally  harvested  too  early,  at  the 
bursting  of  the  pods  and  even  before.  This  manner  of  harvesting  is 
partly  due  to  imperfect  knowledge,  and  largely  to  the  fear  that  the  rain 
will  injure  the  crop,  and  possibly  to  the  belief  that  the  green  fiber  will 
be  heavier  than  the  matured.  In  some  places  of  the  Kutais  govern- 
ment the  inhabitants  gather  the  cotton  quite  green  and  dry  it  over 
fires,  causing  itto  turn  yelloworred.  A  third  defect  in  cotton-growing 
here  is  the  too  thick  sowing  of  the  crop,  causing  the  plant  to  grow  too 
tall  and  straight  and  giving  no  side  branches.  Fourth,  there  is  a  ten- 
dency to  too  much  irrigation,  possibly  due  to  the  tear  of  droughts. 
Finally,  swarms  of  locusts  have,  lor  the  past  lour  or  five  years,  especially 
in  the  government  of  Elizavethpol,  done  great  injury  to  the  crop. 

It  should  be  mentioned,  however,  that  on  those  plantations  where 
cotton  is  grown  from  American  seed  under  improved  systems  of  culti- 
vation the  crop  is  universally  good  and  of  line  quality.  In  1891  Pos- 
mansky  introduced  the  fir  st  gin  for  cleaning  cotton  in  Kutais,  and  in  1S92 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  169 

a  second  gin  was  established  in  the  village  Vani,  near  Kutais.  Three 
more  gins  will  be  established  by  Mr.  Posmansky  in  other  important 
places  of  the  cotton-growing  districts  during  the  coming  summer,  as 
well  as  cotton  presses.  In  the  governments  of  Elizavethpol  and  Baku, 
notwithstanding  the  difficulties  above  mentioned,  the  cultivation  of 
cotton  is  so  profitable  that  the  cotton  fields  increase  in  area  year  by 
year  at  the  expense  of  other  crops.  As  an  example  of  the  progress  of 
cotton-growing  in  Transcaucasia,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  one  Mr. 
Melick-Begliarov  last  year  sowed  about  L25  acres  of  cotton,  and  the 
present  year  lie  sows  750  acres,  and  this  in  the  face  of  harvesting  only 
a  modest  crop  in  1892. 

When  it  is  considered  that  cotton-growing  was  introduced  in  the 
regions  along  the  Tiflis-Baku  Railway  only  in  1888,  and  that  972,000 
pounds  of  clean  fiber  were  harvested  in  1892  in  that  locality,  it  becomes 
evident  that  the  crop  is  rapidly  coming  into  favor.  Both  the  Govern- 
ment and  private  manufacturing  firms  are  active  in  encouraging  the 
cotton-planters  of  Transcaucasia,  and  distribute  high  grade  seed  gratui- 
tously to  such  farmers  as  will  undertake  the  growing  of  cotton. 

The  prices  prevailing  during  the  past  year  in  Transcaucasia  were,  in 
October,  for  cleaned  cotton  $3.50  to  $3.60  per  pood  (36  pounds)  on  the 
spot,  and  in  November,  because  of  a  general  advance  in  the  foreign 
markets  the  price  had  advanced  to  $4.25  per  pood,  and  for  uncleaned 
cotton  from  $1  to  $1.10  per  pood,  notwithstanding  that  the  fiber  was 
not  of  first  quality.  The  highest  price  reached  in  Transcaucasia  last 
year  on  the  spot  for  ginned  cotton  was  $4.50  (9  roubles),  and  for 
uncleaned  cotton  $1.25  per  pood. 

INFLUENCE    OF   OTHER  FIBERS   ON   COTTON. 

With  reference  to  the  tendency  to  displace  cotton  with  such  fibers  as 
wool,  jute,  flax,  and  hemp,  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  find  sufficient  data 
on  which  to  base  a  worthy  opinion.  Cotton  is  so  mixed  with  all  of 
these  fibrous  materials  in  the  manufacture  of  the  endless  variety 
of  stuffs  that  it  is  difficult  to  determine  whether  the  other  fibres 
decrease  or  increase  the  amount  of  cotton  used  in  the  local  manufac- 
tories. It  maybe  said,  however,  in  many  woolen,  flax,  and  hemp  stuffs 
cotton  is  more  or  less  freely  used ;  in  the  former  to  prevent  the  tendency 
to  shrinkage  and  cheapen  the  cost,  and  in  the  latter  for  other  economic 
reasons. 

IMPORT   OF   COTTON. 

With  reference  to  the  desire  of  the  Senate  committee  to  have  statis- 
tics from  I860,  I  have  to  report  that  I  find  it  absolutely  impossible  to 
secure  them,  as  such  data  are  not  found  on  the  official  books  of  the 
Departments  of  this  city.  I  have  been  furnished,  however,  with  the 
statistics  of  the  import  of  cotton  fiber  and  yarn  from  1809  to  1892,  which 
1  have  reduced  according  to  quantity  and  value  to  tons  and  dollars,  as 
in  the  following  table: 


170  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURE*,   AND 

Import  over  European  frontier  of  cotton  and  cotton  yarn. 


Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tears. 

Cotton 

liber. 

Cotton 

yarn. 

Cotton  fiber. 

Cotton 
yarn. 

1809              

54,  073 
47,  382 
72,  764 
61.691 
61,  709 

81,  000 
90.  564 

82.  527 
66,909 

115,091 
104,000 
88,  855 
149,400 
122,000 
147.091 
114,127 
115,  964 

131,  782 
182,836 
125,  273 
156,  709 
147,327 

132,  291 
171,  855 

3,000 
3,727 
4,709 
5,545 
5,727 
6,036 
6,  527 
6,018 
2,873 
9,104 
15,909 
10,327 
6,  927 
6,455 
4,109 
3,018 
3, 164 
3,073 
3,982 
4,782 
4,927 
4,309 
2,909 
2,073 

17,  842,  000 
15,635,000 
24,013,000 
23,441,000 

18,  775,  500 
26,981,500 
26,  281,000 

19,  474,  000 
17,  602,  000 
33,947,000 
30,002,000 
25,  975,  500 
42.  249,  5U0 
36.  208,  500 
46,  932.  000 

38,  038,  000 
32, 983,  500 
35, 993,  000 
48;  218,  500 

34,  124,000 

41,  754,  500 

39,  934,  000 

35.  363,  500 

42,  300,  000 

2,  596,  500 

]  870                   

3,277,000 

1871  

4,  145,  500 

1 872                  

6,  3ol  000 

1873              

6,821.500 

]874                     

6,  73S.  0110 

1875                       

7,  64S,  500 

1876 

7,  236,  500 

1877                             

2,993,500 

1878             

9,  384,  000 

1879                 

15,214,000 

1 880                              

10,392.500 

1881          

7,138,000 

1882 

7,  61".  ooo 

1883 

5,219,000 

1884  . .              

4,271,500 

1885                

3,887,000 

1886 

3,845,000 

1887 

4.822,000 

1888 

5,012,500 

1889. . .                   

4,  9 IK,  500 

1890 

4,  509,  500 

1891 

2,  600,  500 

1892 

1,  925,  500 

111  addition  to  the  foregoing,  from  1887  to  1890  there  were  imported 
over  the  Asiatic  frontier  on  an  average  32,400,000  pounds  of  raw  cotton 
yearly,  to  the  value  of  3,000,000  dollars.  From  local  statistics  for  the 
year  1892  it  is  learned  that  more  than  72,000,000  pounds  of  cotton  were 
gathered  in  the  cotton-growing  districts  of  Asiatic  Russia,  much  of 
which,  however,  Avas  worked  up  by  the  local  inhabitants  for  their  own 
use. 

COTTON  MANUFACTURING. 

The  manufacture  of  cotton  on  an  extended  scale  began  by  the  use  of 
imported  yarns  for  textures  in  the  first  half  of  the  past  century.  These 
yarns  were  distributed  among  the  peasants  who  worked  them  up  on 
hand  looms  into  tricot,  Chinese  cotton  cloth,  sailcloth,  calico,  fustian, 
shirting,  nankin,  and  other  textures.  In  a  short  time  small  weaving- 
mills  sprang  up  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  In  the  Moscow 
and  Vladimir  governments  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  spread 
rapidly  among  the  villagers,  displacing  linen  cloths.  The  first  dye- 
ing and  calico  printing  mills  were  built  about  1750,  and  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  printing  textures  in  the  manufacturing  districts  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Vladimir.  In  Ivanovo,  at  the  end  of  the  last  century,  there 
were  several  mills  engaged  in  calico  printing  on  a  large  scale.  It  was 
at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  that  the  manufacture  of  calico 
from  English  spun  yarns  was  begun  in  the  governments  of  Moscow  and 
Vladimir.  Soon  thereafter,  owing  to  the  demand  for  yarns,  local  spin 
oing  mills  were bnilt,  the  first  of  which  was  erected  in  Moscow  in  1808  by 
Panteleev,  a  merchant.  Themachineryfor  this  mill  was  all  Russian  make. 
In  the  same  year  the  first  power  looms  were  set  up  in  the  Alexandrovsk 
manufactory  in  St.  Petersburg.  In  1812  there  were  eleven  cotton-spi li- 
ning mills  with  780  spinning  machines.  In  1843  there  were  forty  mills 
in  Russia,  with  a  total  of  350,000  spindles,  the  production  of  each  spin- 
dle per  year  equalling  about  36  pounds  of  cotton  yarn.  In  1853  there 
were  a  million  spindles,  averaging  each  about  48  pounds,  while  in  1889 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


171 


there  were  over  200,000  looms  and  6,000,000  spindles,  giving  employ- 
merit  to  211,000  workmen.* 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  longest  stapled  cotton  grown  in 
Russia  is  that  of  Taslikend  from  American  seed,  it  is  cream  white  in 
color,  and  the  length  of  the  staple  varying  from  20  to  27  millimeters 
(:,!  to  1  inch),  somewhat  coarser  than  the  American  growth  ami  stronger, 
but  not  so  clean.  It  is  mixed  with  American  cotton,  the  latter  because 
of  its  softness  being  used  for  weft  and  the  Taslikend  cotton  for  twist. 
The  Caucasian  cotton  grown  from  American  seed  proves  to  be  very 
suitable  to  the  spinning  of  low  and  medium  counts  of  yarn. 

The  production  of  the  Russian  spinningmills  averages  annually  about 
360,000,000  pounds  of  yarn.  The  import  of  manufactured  goods  is  far 
less  important  than  that  of  yarns,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following 
table  covering  years  from  1S77  to  1891,  and  is  made  up  principally,  as 
shown  by  the  custom-house  receipts,  of  knitting,  sewing,  and  doubled 
yarns,  almost  exclusively  of  line  counts.  It  should  be  added,  how- 
ever, that  tin1  manufacture  of  sewing  eotton  has  recently  developed  in 
Russia  and  promises  soon  to  be  equal  to  the  home  demands. 

Importation  of  manufactured  cotton  goods. 


Villi's. 

('(litem    tissins. 

gray    white,  ool-      ,,,,,„„  oording 

ore**nfl°k?f*ed'        knitting,  and 
excepting  those       plaiting  goods. 

dyed   iu   Adrian-        *             b  " 
ople  red. 

Tears. 

Cotton  tissues, 

printed  and  dyed 

in  Adrianople 

red. 

Cotton  velvet, 

plush,  and  i  ibbon 

velvet. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

231,000 

492,000 

672, 000 
703,  500 

338,  000 

Tons. 

Dollars. 

1877 

1878 

1879 

18SU 

1881 

216 

-,:;:< 
604 
707 
622 

382, 500 

942,  000 

1, 133,  (100 

1, 110,  000 

991,  500 

1G5 
364 
473 

473 
400 

330,  000 
676,000 
886,000 

si  l.  uno 
721,500 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1S81 

Average. 

1882 

1884 

1885 

1886 

Average . 

1887 

1  889 

1890 

1891 

Average . 

109 
202 
282 
294 
139 

25 
73 
95 
122 
93 

65,  000 
214.500 

301,000 

351.500 
302,  000 

Average. 

558 

538 
558 

489 
436 
384 

912,  000 

919.  500 
824,  000 
777.  500 
606,  000 
583,  500 

375 

693,  500 

1,  009, 000 

509,  000 
343,000 
294,  000 
233,  000 

20'9 

487, 500           82 

247,  000 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

188G 

491 
273 
200 
162 
129 

229 
195 
160 
138 
96 

503,000 
430,500 
420,  000 
349,  000 
198,  500 

76 
65 
55 
65 
55 

229.  0(10 

160.500 
152,000 
150,(MI() 
141,500 

Average 

480 

754,  000 

251 

477,  500 

204,  000 
176,500 

258, 500 
206,  500 
191,  000 

163 

394,  000 

64 

170,  000 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

335 
264 
371 
351 
295 

163,000 
384.  000 
552,000 

502,  000 
409,  000 

111 
89 
140 
116 
109 

71 
55 

84 
100 
100 

111,000 
lid.  000 

166,500 
190,500 
135,  500 

49 
32 
36 
20 
24 

113,000 
83,  500 

90,  000 

48,  500 

54,  5(0 

Average. 

324 

463,  000 

113 

208,  000 

82 

162,  000 

33 

78,  000 

*Mr.  Thomas  Ellison,  of  Liverpool,  who  prohahly  given  more  careful  attention 
than  anyone  else  to  the  statistics  of  eotton  manufacturing  in  IOurope.  estimates  the 
number  of  cotton  spindles  in  Russia  in  1XWA  as  5,000j000  .     The  imports  of 

cotton  into  Russia  would  indicate  that  Mr.  Ellison's  figures  are  more  nearly  correct 
than  those  given  by  Mr.  Crawford. — Alt".  E.  Shepperson,  Secretary. 


172 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


The  output  of  the  cotton  manufacturing  industry  of  Russia  in  recent 
years  may  be  seen  from  consulting'  the  following  table: 


Tears. 


1880 
1881 
1882 
1S83 
1884 
1885 
18SG 
1887 
1888 
1889 


Spinning. 

(Dollars.) 


37,  050,  000 

44.  650,  000 
49,  G50,  000 
48,  800,  000 

45.  700.  000 
48,  700.  000 
46  950  000 
52,  ■"50.  000 
60,  800,  000 
93,  800,  000 


Weaving. 
(Dollars.) 


49, 
62, 
68, 
58, 
54, 
49, 
53, 
52, 
78, 
111, 


850, 
300, 
750, 
350, 
650, 

000. 
GOO. 
150, 
600, 
150, 


Printing  and 
dyeing. 

(Dollars.) 


30,  550,  000 
29,200,000 
30,  350,  000 
30,  200,  000 
29,400,000 
29,75  I  000 
23,900  000 
31,850,000 
37,650,000 
30,  400,  000 


.Finislims*. 
(Dollars.) 


750,  000 
450,  000 
(150,  000 
COO.  000 
400.000 
(i.Ml.OOl) 
950,000 
200,000 
350  000 
2uOJ  000 


Total. 
(Dollars.) 


120,200,000 
137,600.000 
150,400,000 
138,  050,000 
131,150,000 
129,100,000 
126,400,000 
139,050,000 

185,400  i 

243,  550,  000 


RUSSIAN   AND   FOREIGN  MANUFACTURES. 

In  order  to  define  the  position  of  the  cotton  industry  in  Russia,  as 
compared  with  that  of  other  countries,  the  technical  means  of  different 
nations  for  the  working  up  of  raw  cotton  should  be  examined.  From 
official  figures,  the  number  of  spindles  of  the  world  from  1881  to  1801 
may  be  represented  as  in  the  following  table: 

[In  thousands  of  spindles.] 


1881. 

1884. 

1886. 

1888. 

1891. 

40, 600 
21,245 
61,845 
11,375 
1,513 
74, 733 

42,750 
22,  650 
65,  400 
13, 300 
2,  C02 
80,  702 

42,  700 
22,  900 
65,  600 
13, 400 
2,  262 
81,262 

42, 740 
2::.  380 
66, 120 
13.  550 
2,489 
82, 159 

44, 000 
25,  050 

G9,  050 

14,  774 

3,  352 

World's  total 

87, 176 

The  number  of  spindles  in  Russia  in  1891  form  about  one-fourth  of 
those  credited  above  to  the  continent,  as  seen  from  the  following  par- 
tial distribution  of  spindles  among  the  European  countries:* 


England 44,000,000 

Russia 6,000,000 

France 5,039,000 


Germany 5.  000,  000 

Switzerland 1,850,000 

Austria 2,093,000 


Inasmuch  as  Russia  works  up  annually  about  1,040,000  bales  of  400 
pounds  each,  it  appears  that  her  consumption  of  cotton  is  about  one- 
quarter  of  that  of  the  English  manufactories. 


COTTON  SPINNING. 


The  spinning  of  raw  cotton  in  Russia  does  not  go  beyond  the  medium 
counts  and  never  higher  than  No.  70,  the  average  count  being  No.  28. 
These  numbers  are  used  in  the  weaving  of  calico.  Generally  speaking, 
the  Russian  mills  do  not  make  a  specialty  of  spinning  certain  counts, 
each  mill  paying  more  attention  to  getting  as  much  yarn  as  possible 
per  bale  of  raw  material.  The  manufacture  of  Vigogne  yarns  should  be 
coupled  with  the  cotton-spinning  industry.  The  cheaper  kinds  are 
made  from  a  mixture  of  dyed  and  undyed  cotton  and  often  from  amix- 

*Accor<ling  to  Mr.  Thomas  Ellison,  of  Liverpool,  who  is  an  accepted  authority, 
there  were  in  Russia  in  1891  only  about  5,000,000  spindles,  and  in  Germany  about 
U,000,u00  spindles. — Alf.  B.  Shepperson,  Secretary. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


173 


tureof  dyed  cotton  and  bleached  flax-waste.  These  yarns  are  made  on 
the  same  class  of  machines  as  those  usQdin  spinning  woolen  yarns.  In 
fact,  the  Vigogne  mills  differ  very  little  in  construction  from  the  woolen 
mills. 

COST   OP    MANUFACTURE. 

The  cost  of  manufacturing  cotton  yarnsin  Russia  ranges  from  four  to 
six  ceuts  per  count,  per  pood  (36  pounds). 

According  to  the  statistics  of  1889,  the  consumption  of  fuel  in  the  cot- 
ton-spinning manufactories  in  the  Moscow  and  Vladimir  governments 
was:  Wood,  24.25  per  cent  j  peat,  38  per  cent ;  coal,  8.5  per  cent;  naphtha 
residues,  29.25  per  cent. 

The  following  are  the  prices  (weekly)  of  labor  in  the  different  depart- 
ments of  the  cotton  mills  of  Russia: 


Workmen. 


Moscow- 
district. 
(Dollars.) 


St.  Petersburg 
district. 
(Dollars.) 


Mixing  room  ... 
Scutching  room. 
Carding  room... 
Spinners'  room  . 
Piecers'  room... 
Creelers'  room.. 
Reelers'  room... 
Packers'  room  .. 
Weavers'  room . 


0.87  to  1.50 
0.  87  to  1.  50 
0.87  to  1.25 
2.00  to  3.  75 
1.37  to  1.75 
0. 90  to  1. 37 
0. 65  to  1. 87 


1.00  to  1.95 


1.  50  to  2. 00 
1.  95  to  2.  40 
2. 00  to  2.  50 
4.  25  to  4. 50 
1.40  to  1.75 
1.00  to  1.50 
1. 70  to  2.  00 
1.25  to  1.50 
2.00  to  3.  50 


It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  price  paid  per  workman  is 
about  one  hundred  dollars  per  annum;  therefore  the  amount  of  wages 
paid  yearly  for  manufacturing  cotton  goods  taking  the  number  of  work- 
men as  given  above  at  211,000,  would  be  something  over  20,000,000 
dollars.  The  amount  of  raw  cotton  used  is  about  11,500,000  poods,  of 
which  8.000,000  poods  are  brought  across  the  European  frontiers  at  a 
cost  to  Russia  of  about  40,000,000  dollars  annually. 

It  may  be  safely  stated  that  the  time  is  still  far  distant  when 
the  Russian  mills  will  manufacture  exclusively  home  grown  cotton. 
Although  the  supply  from  Central  Asia,  Bokhara,  and  Transcaucasia 
has  largely  increased  of  late  years,  it  is  far  from  being  sufficient  to  sat- 
isfy the  continually  growing  demand. 

The  following  figures  will  express  in  general  terms  the  amount  of 
cotton  brought  to  Russia  from  abroad  for  the  past  eleven  years: 


Year3. 


18S2 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 


Pounds. 


254,  471.  364 

300,  935,  196 

244,325,412 

249,763,392 

271,0 

387,  965,  - 1 1 


Dollars. 


37,  026.  000 
47,543,000 
39,311,000 
34,266,000 

36,  508,  000 
5u,7bl,00O 


Tears. 


1SS8. 
1889 

1.S00  . 

• 
1SU2  . 


Pounds. 


286, 504.  002 

363,152,916 

78,412 

351,939,  112 

204,  480,  000 


Dollars. 


37,861,000 
46. 881.  000 
40,748,000 
36,  376,  mm 

40,  700,  000 


Note. — The  above  figures  of  the  importations   of  cotton  into  Russia  do  not  include  the  cotton 
received  from  the  Russian  provinces  of  Central  Asia.— Alt'.  B.  Shopperson,  Secretary. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  there  has  been  a  steady 
annual  import  of  about  300,000,000  pounds  of  cotton  fibre  to  the  value 
of  about  11,000,000  dollars.  By  far  the  greatest  quantity  used  in  Rus- 
sia is  brought  through  the  European  frontiers,  mainly  from  the  United 
States,  Great  Britain,  Germany  and  Egypt.     The  United  States  and 


174 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Egypt  sending:  their  owu  cotton,  Great  Britain  and  Germany  transship- 
ping cotton  from  the  United  States  and  Brazil,  and  a  small  amount 
from  India  and  Egypt.  The  following  table  will  show  the  nominal 
annual  shipments  to  Russia  of  the  United  States,  Great  Britain, 
Germany  and  Egypt  from  1S87  to  1891 : 


United  States 
Great  Britain. 

Germany 

Egypt 


1887. 
(Pounds.) 


148,323,132 
89,  426, 124 
52,  679,  052 
36,  239,  544 


1888. 
(Pounds.) 


1889. 
(Pounds.) 


67,  910,  652  i  175,  274, 424 

69,091,912  57,678,876 

45,838,944  33,132.852 

42,739,344  33,583,284 


1890. 
(Pounds.) 


181,731,852 
25,  058,  592 
25,  679,  376 
39,  787, 128 


1891. 
(Pounds.) 


136,  749, 492 

23,  597,  820 

24,  347,  736 
64, 749, 492 


Among  the  Asiatic  countries  supplying  Russia  with  cotton,  besides 
Bukhara  and  Khiva  mentioned  in  this  report,  Persia  takes  a  prominent 
place  having  sent  in  1890  about  15,000,000  pounds,  while  China  sent 
about  10,000,000  pounds.  Counting  the  amount  of  cotton  grown  in 
Turkestan,  Transcaucasia,  Transcaspia,  Bukhara,  and  Khiva  the  total 
quantity  worked  up  in  the  Russian  manufactories  may  be  safely  esti- 
mated at  about  400,000,000  pounds. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  report  that  the  cotton  industry  in  Russia  is 
large  and  gradually  increasing,  that  the  demands  of  various  classes  of 
manufactories  are  principally  satisfied  by  the  United  States  and  that 
although  cotton-growing  in  Russia  is  developing,  the  crop  of  the  cotton 
districts  is  unable  to  keep  pace  with  the  increase  in  the  output  by  the 
manufacturing  districts,  thereby  assuring  a  steady  market  in  Russia 
for  American  cotton  for  many  years  to  come. 


Report  of  Thomas  E.  Rccnan,  U.  S.  consul  at  Odessa,  Russia. 

APEIL  14,  1893. 

A  very  essential  condition  for  the  successful  development  of  the  cotton 
plant  is  the  extent  of  the  action  of  the  solar  rays  on  it;  the  more  intense 
this  action  the  more  compact  the  bushes  and  the  more  they  are  pro- 
ductive. It  is  therefore  evident  that  the  degree  of  cloudiness  of  the 
sky  and  the  number  of  clear  days  during  the  period  of  the  vegetation 
present  conditions  of  extreme  importance  to  the  cotton  plant,  especially 
in  the  latitudes  of  Russian  Turkestan.  In  this  respect  the  almost  per- 
petually clear  sky  of  the  whole  of  central  Asia  is  most  propitious  for 
l  lie  cotton  plant.  A  clouded  sky  throughout  the  year,  and  especially 
during  the  summer  months,  is  seldom  found.  Even  in  winter  a  clouded 
sky  occurs  scarcely  as  often  as  in  central  Russia  in  summer.  This 
normal  absence  of  clouds  on  the  sky  of  Turkestan,  and  its  accompanying 
paucity  of  atmospheric  precipitations  and  general  dryness  of  climate, 
is  caused  by  the  great  predominance  of  north  and  northeast  winds, 
which  form  more  than  50  per  cent  of  all  winds.  Being  brought  as 
they  arc  to  central  Asia  from  localities  with  a  very  much  lower  tempera- 
ture, the  atmospheric  currents  from  the  northerly  points  of  the  compass, 
by  virtue  of  physical  laws,  expand;  hence  their  desiccating  effect  upon 
the  country,  as  they  are  quite  unable  to  deposit  any  moisture,  but  on 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  175 

:he  contrary  keep  the  sky  perfectly  clear  and  increase  evaporation.  In 
northern  and  partly  in  central  Russia,  for  instance,  the  quantity  of 
precipitated  moisture  (snow  and  rain,  etc.)  more  or  less  considerably 
exceeds  the  quantity  of  water  which  it  is  possible  for  the  sun  to  evap- 
orate and  winds  dry  np.  About  St.  Petersburg  the  proportion  stands 
as  4  to  1.  But  in  Turkestan  it  is  exactly  the  reverse.  The  loss  of  mois- 
ture through  evaporation  exceeds  all  aqueous  precipitations  many  times 
over ;  for  instance,  at  Tashkent  from  3  to  5  times.  Yet  even  this  remains 
very  far  behind  what  is  noticed  in  the  open  plains  far  away  from  the 
mountains  and  nearing  the  centres  of  the  sandy  deserts  of  Kizil  and 
Kara-Kum.  At  Nukus  27  times  as  much  water  is  being  evaporated 
as  is  returned  by  all  forms  of  precipitation ;  and  at  Petro-Alexandrovsk 
careful  observations  have  satisfactorily  proved  that  there  evaporation 
to  precipitation  stands  as  35  to  1. 

It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  these  figures  are  the  annual  mean 
quantities  for  several  years  of  observation,  and  do  not  represent  the 
utmost  actual  extremes,  and  parts  of  the  dry  season  of  several  months 
taken  separately  will  have  to  be  expressed  in  proportions  of  100  or  even 
200  or  more  to  1,  while  the  middle  of  the  hot  season  has,  if  it  may  be 
allowed,  no  precipitations  at  all  to  put  against  the  enormous  evapora- 
tion which  goes  on  wherever  there  is  any  moisture.  The  natural  result 
of  this  disproportion  between  expenditure  of  moisture  and  its  return 
in  the  shape  of  precipitations  is  the  slow  but  steady  progressive  desic- 
cation of  this  whole  territory.  All  lakes  are  annually  shrinking,  and 
where  formerly  rivers  flowed  abounding  in  water  it  is  only  possible 
now  to  trace  immense  dry  water  courses,  which  are  gradually  being 
filled  up  with  dust  or  sand. 

It  has  been  made  sufficiently  clear  that  artificial  irrigation  is  impera- 
tively required  to  make  agriculture  possible;  while  wherever  there  is 
sufficient  water  available  for  irrigation,  the  constantly  clear  sky  and  con- 
seq  uent  ]  >o  werful  solar  action  make  it  possible  for  the  farmer  to  be  almost 
entirely  free  from  apprehension  and  anxiety  as  regards  the  success  of 
his  crops.  Especially  the  cotton  plant  with  its  roots  in  fertile  well- 
watered  soil,  and  all  its  stems,  leaves,  and  flowers  bathed  in  light  and 
warmth,  finds  a  limit  for  its  luxuriant  development  only  in  the  close  of 
the  occasionally  too  short  warm  season  and  the  advent  of  frost. 


176 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Dates  of  frosts  and  length  of  frostless  jyeriod  in  Tashkent,  Turkestan. 


Year. 


Last  frost  in  spring 


First  frost  in  autumn. 


Length 

of  frostless 

period. 


1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
18S0 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 


9th 
8th 
26th 
14  th 
15th 
28th 
21st 
5th 
18th 
10th 
loth 
21st 
20th 
26th 
27th 
31st 
29th 
26th 


of 


March 

February 
March... 


10th  of 
1st  " 
28th  " 
21st  " 
28th  " 
25th  " 
15th  of 
25th  of 
11th  " 
10th  " 
13th  " 
28th  " 
18th  " 
28th  " 
14th  of 
26th  of 
1st  of 
17th  " 


October... 
November 
October  .. 

November 
October  . . 
November 

October  .. 

November 
October. .  - 
November 


214 
237 
215 
220 
226 
238 

266 
233 
237 
244 
247 
220 
211 
215 
231 
208 
216 
235 


days. 


Dates  of  frosts  and  length  of  frostless  period  in  Neiv  Margelan  (in   the   khanate   oj 

Khokand). 


Tear. 

Last  frost  in  spring. 

First  frost  in  autumn. 

Length 

of  frostless 

period. 

1881 

11th  of  March 

11th         "          

8th           "         

9th           "          

27th          "          

31st          "          

2d             "          

26th          "          

13th  of  November 

20th  of  October 

16th  of  November 

28th  of  October 

23d    of  November 

26th  of  October 

7th    of  November 

28th  of  October 

246  days. 
222     '« 

1882 , 

1883 

252     " 

1884 

232     " 

1*585 

240     " 

1886 

208     " 

1887 

249     " 

1888 

215     " 

Dates  of  frosts  and  length  of  frostless  period  in  Samarkand. 


Tear. 

Last  frost  in  spring. 

First  frost  in  autumn. 

Length 

of  frostless 

period. 

1881 

9th    of  March 

27th         "         

19th          "          

26th         "         

27th          "          

12th        "        

13th  of  November 

19th  of  October 

17th  of  October 

6th    of  November 

l.'il  !i  of  November 

31  st  of  October 

248  days. 
205 

1882 

1883 

212 

1884    

224 

1 885 

232 

1887 

232 

Annual  rainfall  in  Samarkand,  Tashkent,  and  Bokhara: 


Tears. 

Samarkand  (♦millimetres). 

Tashkent  (millimetres). 

Bokhara  (millimetres). 

1885 

L886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

L8A0 

1891 

ion  or  :ii t  L6   inches 

256        "         in        "      

369        "          11;       "      

15        "      

297         "          12         "      

291         "          12         "      

386        "          15)       "     

255         "          10         "      

431         "          17         "      

344         "          U         "      

266        "         L0j       "     

366        "         It:       "     

>,"ot  st;;ted. 

117  or  about  4»  inches. 
106        "         4j      " 

♦The  millimetre  is  .039  of  an  inch  or  nearly  .;,,th;  25.4  mm.  are  o<]ual  to  an  inch. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


177 


Statement  of  weights  made  in  1SS8  by  Mr.  S.  N.  Alexandrov  on  the  Kaplanoek  plantation 
of  the  Central-Asia  Association  of  Kudrin  $•  Co. 


Variety  of  cotton. 

Average 

weight  uf 

seed  cotton 

in  one  boll, 

(Grams.)' 

Average 
weight  of 
lint  cotton 
or  fiber  in 

one  boll. 
(Grains.)  * 

Percentage 
of  lint  cot- 
ton to  seed 
cotton. 

Remarks. 

4.26 
5.16 
4.18 
5.03 
8.70 
5.71 
2.68 
2.47 

1.28 

1.66 
1.36 
1.6S 
2.61 
1.72 
.64 
.51 

30.5 
32.1 
32.5 
33.4 

30. 
30.1 
23.9 
20.6 

Average  of  20  bolls. 

II                         5            4. 

Do 

Do 

"           6      " 

Do 

Do 

IXumber  of  bolls  from  which 

Do 

?    average wastaken unknown. 

Do 

ii           g      •> 

*  A  gram  is  about  n'gth  of  an  ounce  avoirdupois. 

Average  weight  of  seed  cotton  per  boll,  of  American  cotton,  5.51  grams. 
"                         "  "  native  cotton,         2.58      " 

"                 lint  cotton        "  American  cotton,  1.72      " 

"                         "  "  native  cotton,  .58      " 

Average  percentage  of  lint  cotton  (or  fiber)  to  seed  cotton,  "American,"  31.4  per  cent. 
"                "                      "  "  "  "native,"  22.2  per  cent. 

COT — VOL  2 12 


178 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURED,  AND 


Table  showing  mean,  highest,  and  lowest  temperature  at  Samarkand  during  each  month  of 

1889  to  1891. 


Mouths. 

1889.                                              1890. 

1891. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

January 

23.2 
40.3 
49.1 
57.7 
61.7 
76.3 
75.9 
72.- 
64.9 
49.3 
39.9 
30.6 
53.4 

47.7 

64.6 

82.4 

87.8 

86.7 

103.1 

100.- 

97.7 

90.5 

82.8 

73.4 

49.3 

103.1 

—5.6 
19.4 
20.5 
37.4 
38.3 
52.3 
56.8 
54.3 
42.8 
27.5 
19.4 
8.8 

—5.6 

28.2 

32.2 

43.9 

57 

64.2 

74.7 

77.7 

71.1 

65.3 

54.1 

40.6 

34.3 

54.1 

54.9 
56.1 
68.7 
85.1 
91.4 
98.6 

102.2 
97.9 
90. 
84.2 
71.1 
59. 

102.2 

—0.4 

+6.1 

28.- 

33.8 

43.7 

57.2 

59.9 

51.8 

47.3 

32.2 

26.6 

6.8 

0.4 

27 

26.8 

43.  S 

56.3 

65.7 

73.2 

76.1 

73.8 

65.8 

50.7 

45.3 

41.2 

53.8 

50.2 
54.5 
82.4 
89.6 
93.7 
95.5 
99.0 
94.3 
87.3 
70.3 
74.7 
70.- 
99.- 

+3.- 

— 4.- 

24.4 

34  7 

May 

49  3 

t     J 

56  8 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

For  the  year... 

54.5 
42.8 
28.4 
27.9 
8.6 
—4.0 

Table  showing  mean,  highest,  and  lowest  temperature  at  Tashkent  during  each  month  of 

1889  to  1891. 


Months. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Mean. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

January  

February  

20.5 
40.3 
49.6 
60.4 
64.2 
82.4 
81.7 
'     77.2 
67.8 
51.3 
41.- 
29.8 
55.5 

46.- 

64.9 

82.8 

90.7 

93.7 

105.8 

100. 6 

100.2 

91.6 

78.4 

77 

46.2 
105.8 

-8. 
21.4 
15.1 
44.6 
43. 
63.3 
63.9 
61.2 
43.7 
28.4 
21.9 
8.6 

-8. 

27.7 
28.6 
44.4 
59.4 
69.1 
80.1 
84.- 
76.6 
68.5 
56.7 
48.9 
34.3 
56.5 

53.2 
54.7 
67.6 
84.9 
92.7 
99.1 

105.1 
95. 
93.  2 
88.2 
75 
61.2 

105.1 

5.2 
—4.5 
27. 
40.6 
50.2 
68.4 
67.3 
60.3 
47.8 
32.  5 
24.8 
11.7 
—4.5 

25.2 
22.6 

41.4 
58.3 
09.  3 
77.5 
81.7 
78.4 
68.5 
52.5 
46.6 
42.6 
55.4 

43.7 
46.9 
81.9 
87.3 
93.9 
99. 

103.3 

.102. 
94.3' 
77.7 
81.3 
68.- 

103.3 

+  1.2 

-4.4 

15.1 

36.7 

May 

49.6 
63.  3 

511.4 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

For  the  year  . . 

58.6 
43.5 
28.4 
29. 1 
11.5 
—4.4 

IRRIGATION. 


Eussian  Turkestan  is  bordered  od  the  west  by  the  Caspian  Sea,  the 
Ural  Kiver  and  mountains,  and  on  the  east  by  the  Pamir  plateau,  Tian- 
slian,  and  Ala-tau  ranges;  northward  by  the  low  ridge  crossing  the 
Kirghiz  steppes  about  the  51st  parallel,  and  on  the  south  by  Afghan- 
istan and  Persia.  Western  Turkestan  is  commonly  supposed  to  consist 
of  vast  low  lying  sandy  plains.  But  nothing  could  be  more  opposed  to 
the  actual  conditions,  for  the  relief  of  the  land  here  presents  absolutely 
greater  contrasts  than  are  elsewhere  found  on  the  surface  of  the  globe. 
The  misconception  is  due  to  the  failure  to  distinguish  between  the 
Aralo-Caspian  depression  and  the  Aralo-Caspian  basin.  The  basin, 
that  is,  the  whole  area  of  drainage,  consists  of  even  pjarts  highlands 
and  lowlands;  and  while  the  lowlands  fall  in  the  Caspian  Sea  as  much 
as  85  feet  below  sea  level,  the  highlands  in  the  culminating  points  of 
the  Tian-shan  and  Great  Pamir  rise  25,000  feet  above  sea  level.  The 
Turkestan  lowlands,  which  stretch  from  the  Caspian  and  Ural  Kiver  to 
the  loot  of  the  central  Asiatic  highlands,  and  which  are  known  by  vari- 
ous names,  such  as  the  Kara-Kum  or  black-sands,  north  of  the  Aral  Sea; 
the  Kizil-Kum  or  red-sands,  between  the  rivers  Aimi-Daria  (Gxns) 
and  Syr-Daria;  the  Ak-Kuin  or  white  sands,  between  the  Alexander 
range  and  the  Chiu  Kiver;  and  the  Khwarezm  or  Turkoman  desert 
bet  ween  the  river  Amu-Daria  and  the  Caspian  possess  great  importance, 
inasmuch  that  they  threaten  to  reduce  the  area  of  cultivable  lands 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN   FOEEIGN   COUNTEIES.  179 

anless  an  enlarged  and  well-directed  system  of  irrigation  can  be 
devised,  having  for  its  object  the  fixing  down  of  the  shifting  sands  of 
these  deserts.  The  successful  future  of  Russian  Turkestan,  as  tar  as 
its  agricultural  prospects  arc  involved,  depends  almost  entirely  upon 
scientific  efforts  in  connection  with  irrigation.  The  rivers  Amu-Daria, 
Zerafshan,  Murghab,  and  Syr-Daria, the  Aral  Sea.  and  lakes  Balkhash 
and  Issik-Kul  form  part  of  the  hydrography  of  Turkestan,  and  must  be 
considered  in  all  plans  for  increased  irrigation.  Allot"  the  streams  of 
the  Aralo-Caspian  basin  have  their  natural  outlet  in  the  Caspian  Sea, 
the  lowest  part  of  the  Turkestan  depression  ;  but  none  of  these  streams 
reach  that  outlet  except  one.  the  river  Emba;  all  the  rest  either  run 
dry  in  the  sands  or  are  absorbed  in  Lake  Aral.  But  as  this  lake  stands 
160  feet  above  the  Mediterranean,  consequently  245  feet  above  the 
Caspian,  its  proper  out  How  should  also  be  the  Caspian,  with  which,  in 
fact,  it  formerly  communicated: 

An  apparently  feasible  project  of  connecting  Lake  Aral  and  the  Cas- 
pian again,  through  the  bed  of  the  river  Chagan,  is  being  considered. 

The  area  of  cultivable  lands  has  reached  its  limit  in  central  Asia, 
especially  for  southern  plants,  such  as  the  cotton  plant,  unless  irriga- 
tion intervenes.  There  is  no  scarcity  of  land  nor  insufficiency  of  water. 
Immense  tracts  of  rich  and  easily  cultivated  lands  exist,  but  the  hot 
sun  and  dry  atmosphere  turn  the  most  fertile  soil  into  hard  stone,  burn 
up  all  vegetation,  and  thus  create  all  round  the  small  irrigated  plots 
of  land  an  immense  dead  desert. 

The  lands  irrigated  and  covered  with  vegetation  are  never  heated  by 
the  rays  of  the  sun  to  such  an  extent  as  the  bare  desert,  and  as  the 
water  evaporated  from  the  network  of  irrigation  considerably  moistens 
the  air,  both  temperature  and  humidity  are  greatly  changed,  a  condi- 
tion abundantly  evident  to  any  one  who  has  visited  central  Asia.  It  is 
also  evident  that  the  power  of  the  winds  which  frightfully  rage  in  the 
barren  plains  of  Asia  are  greatly  reduced  by  the  planting  of  trees, 
these  latter  having  also  a  beneficial  effect  in  the  preservation  of  mois- 
ture in  the  soil. 

In  former  ages  it  is  probable  that  the  sands  occupied  much  more 
space,  and  that,  owing  to  water  and  the  never-ceasing  struggle  for 
existence,  man  succeeded  in  gaining  land  from  the  "barkans"  and 
transformed  sandy  wastes  into  fruitful  gardens.  The  ability  to  con- 
trol the  water  supply  must  also  be  considered  in  any  system  of  irriga- 
tion. Inundation  has  caused  great  loss  at  various  times  throughout 
Russian  Turkestan.  The  rivers  flowing  through  this  territory  and  fer- 
tilizing the  fields  with  their  water,  as  well  as  their  affluents,  all  have 
their  source  in  the  neighboring  mountains.  The  quantity  of  water  in 
these  rivers  depends  on  the  amount  of  precipitation  from  the  atmos- 
phere in  those  mountains  and  on  the  more  or  less  sudden  beginning  of 
the  heat.  If  much  snow  has  accumulated  in  the  heights  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  if  tins  thaws  suddenly,  then  the  equally  sudden  rise  of  the 
waters  in  the  rivers  causes  great  destruction,  especially  in  consequence 
of  the  badly-arranged  primitive  irrigation  constructions.  The  water 
coming  with  terrible  speed  from  the  higher  regions  rushes  into  the 
river  bed.  tears  up  and  destroys  the  fascine  weirs  and  embankments 
at  the  heads  of  the  canals,  thus  leaving  large  tracts  of  land  deprived 
of  all  means  of  irrigation;  in  other  places  the  water  finds  its  way  over 
the  banks,  tears  away  dams,  submerges  villages,  sometimes  covers 
cultivated  fields  far  and  wide  with  silt  and  pebbles,  washes  away 
bridges,  overflows  roads,  or,  undermining  the  shores,  carries  away 
much  valuable  cultivated  lands.     Such  inundations  are  not  of  very 


180     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

rare  occurrence;  they  happened  in  1876, 1878, 18S6,  and  1892.  Lesser 
damages  are  always  annually  caused  by  high  water. 

Insufficiency,  as  well  as  overabundance  of  water  causes  great  trouble, 
and  the  best  authorities  agree  in  considering  a  well-regulated  system 
of  irrigation  to  be  the  only  means  of  successfully  dealing  with  these 
troubles. 

The  erection  of  proper  constructions  will  insure  a  regular  and  constant 
supply  of  water  and  will  make  the  irrigation  independent  of  the  quantity 
of  wa+er  coming  down  the  river.  On  the  other  hand,  the  branching  off 
of  new  irrigation  canals  will  make  it  possible  to  send  the  excess  of 
water  into  them,  thus  reducing,  if  not  entirely  obviating,  the  danger 
from  inundations. 

With  the  exception  of  a  very  limited  district,  it  cannot  be  said  that 
there  is  any  scarcity  of  water.  The  Amu-Daria,  the  largest  river  of 
central  Asia,  rolls  its  waters  here,  as  does  also  the  Syr-Daria  and  other 
smaller  rivers,  which  have  an  abundance  of  water,  viz,  the  Zerafshan, 
Murghab,  Tejen,  and  the  streams  of  the  Semirechye  (i.  e.,  the  district 
of  the  seven  rivers).  As  compared  with  the  rivers  of  Europe,  the  Amu- 
Daria  ranks  next  to  the  Volga  and  Danube,  and  for  quantity  of  water 
it  rivals  the  Nile. 

Any  general  attempt  to  extend  the  present  system  of  irrigation,  it 
is  generally  recognized,  must  be  a  Government  measure.  The  Zer- 
afshan River  supplies  water  to  the  Russian  province  of  Samarkand  as 
well  as  to  the  Khanate  of  Bokhara.  The  supply  is  inadequate,  and 
serious  friction  continually  exists  between  the  Russian  authorities  and 
the  people  of  Bokhara.  Many  of  the  latter  have  emigrated  to  Samar- 
kand, whose  population  has  grown  largely  of  recent  years,  and  the 
consequence  has  been  a  large  increase  in  the  area  irrigated.  The 
greater  the  demand  of  Samarkand  for  water,  the  shorter  the  supply  for 
Bokhara. 

The  Russian  authorities  are  naturally  anxious  to  remain  on  good 
terms  with  the  Ameer  and  his  subjects,  and  have,  on  several  occasions, 
when  Bokhara  was  suffering  for  water,  issued  orders  to  close  all  irriga- 
tion canals  in  the  district  of  Samarkand  for  fifteen  days.  But  meas- 
ures like  these  are  only  palliatives  and  do  not  remove  the  difficulty. 
There  must  be  a  decrease  of  irrigated  lands  in  Bokhara  to  balance  the 
increase  of  irrigated  surface  in  Samarkand  unless  a  means  can  be 
devised  to  permit  of  an  extension  of  irrigation  in  both  places. 

Artesian  wells  have  not  been  a  success  in  central  Asia.  Experi- 
ments made  during  the  construction  of  the  Trans-Caspian  Railway, 
although  they  may  not  be  considered  as  conclusive,  gave  no  satisfac- 
tory results.  The  great  depth  to  which,  in  all  probability,  these  arte- 
sian wells  must  be  driven,  and  the  great  expense  involved,  will  pre- 
vent this  source  of  water  supply  from  coming  into  general  use. 

THE   SOIL. 

The  low-lying  and  even  parts  of  Turkestan  are  covered  with  the 
marine  and  lacustrine  deposits  of  geological  epochs  preceding  our  pres- 
ent epoch.  Here  are  encountered  conglomerates,  sands,  and  porous 
or  loose  formations  belonging  to  the  chalk  or  tertiary  periods,  which 
are  occasionally  covered  by  layers  of  more  recent  origin,  for  which  the 
German  appellation  of  "Loess"  or  "Loessboden"  has  been  generally 
adopted. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  state  that  the  bare-lying  conglomerates  and 
sands  are  not  fit  for  agricultural  purposes,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  181 

deal,  as  cultivable  soils,  with  the  porous  or  loose  marl,  with  the  clayey 
sediments  like  in  the  Hungary  steppe,  and  chiefly  with  loess  deposits, 
these  latter  forming-  the  real  cultivable  soil  of  the  east,  which  is  justly 
renowned  for  its  fertility.  "Loess"  itself  is  nothing  more  than  a  kind 
of  mixture  of  clay  and  lime.  Middendorf  pronounces  it  to  be  a  com- 
pound of  clay  and  marl,  which,  by  the  way,  is  just  the  same,  only  put- 
ting particular  stress  on  the  preponderance  of  clay  in  it,  as  compared 
with  what  is  elsewhere  commonly  called  marl.  And,  as  is  the  case 
with  all  similar  natural  compounds  or  mixtures,  loess  may  be  found  to 
great  depth  and  extending  over  wide  tracts  of  territory;  but  on  closer 
examination  it  will  always  be  discovered  that  its  component  parts  vary 
more  or  less  considerably  in  different  localities,  so  it  may  even  occur 
that  this  same  loess,  which,  as  a  rule,  is  so  very  fertile,  may  in  some 
places  be  of  such  a  nature  as  to  represent  a  quite  poor  soil. 

"Loess"  is  well  adapted  for  cotton-growing.  The  only  thing  to  be 
desired  is  that  it  should  be  rich  in  sand,  so  as  not  to  cake  nor  to  clog. 
When  it  is  poor  in  sand,  this  may  to  a  large  extent  be  palliated  by  deep 
and  repeated  plowing,  by  careful  breaking  up  of  hard  clods,  and  by 
preventing  the  formation  of  a  crust  or  its  timely  removal  when  it  has 
formed  after  a  heavy  rain  or  through  careless  irrigation. 

CULTIVATION,  ETC. 

The  planting  of  cotton  is  chiefly,  in  fact  almost  exclusively,  done  by 
hand.  One  man,  armed  with  a  stick  28  inches  long,  goes  along  the  bed 
measuring  off  even  distances  of  28  inches.  He  marks  them  by  making 
little  holes  a  few  inches  in  diameter,  into  which  another  man  places 
separately  4  or  5  seeds  and  covers  them  with  earth  not  more  than  If 
inches  deep.  The  superfluous  plants,  leaving  only  1,  2,  or  3  in  every 
hole,  are  afterwards  plucked  out.  The  seeds  are  generally  soaked  in 
water  before  planting,  and  often  covered  with  a  coating  of  dry  earth,  old 
ashes,  gypsum  powder,  dust  from  the  roads,  or  finely  pulverized 
manure,  which  serves  to  make  the  seeds  slightly  more  bulky,  absorbs 
the  excessive  moisture,  and  prevents  their  sticking  together.  A  most 
important  matter  regarding  the  cultivation  of  cotton  in  the  extremely 
dry  and  hot  climate  of  Turkestan  is  that  of  the  artificial  irrigation. 
Moderate,  judicious  irrigation  hastens  the  time  of  flowering  and  the 
ripening  of  the  bolls,  and  both  the  flowers  and  bolls  are  then  very 
numerous;  while  excessive  irrigation  causes  the  luxuriant  development 
of  the  leaves,  stalks,  branches,  etc.,  but  causes  the  flowers  to  appear 
in  small  numbers  and  the  boils  to  be  too  late  to  permit  their  becoming 
fully  ripe. 

It  is  necessary  to  keep  the  rank  development  of  the  cotton  plants 
down  by  proper  husbanding  of  the  irrigation  water  and  the  result  will 
be  an  abundant  crop  of  well-formed  bolls.  When  the  supply  of  water 
is  inadequate  the  bolls  will  remain  so  small  as  to  render  useless  the 
work  expended  on  the  preparation  of  the  soil,  etc.  Experience  has 
shown  that  the  first  watering  should  take  place  about  May  22d.  The 
subsequent  occasions  for  filling  the  channels  with  water  follow  as  often 
as  the  dry  condition  of  the  soil  and  the  appearance  of  the  cotton  indicate 
the  necessity  thereof.  If  the  plowing  was  deep,  the  total  number  of 
irrigations  may  be  brought  down  as  low  as  three.  Fields,  however, 
which  are  situated  in  the  midst  of  hot  steppes,  which  have  a  heavy 
soil  and  have  been  tilled  rather  superficially,  will  have  to  be  watered 
oftener.  It  has  been  found  best  not  to  allow  the  irrigation  water 
merely  to  run  quickly  through  the  channels  between  the  rows,  but  to 


182     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

keep  the  water  back  as  muck  as  possible,  so  that  witkout  muck  dis- 
turbing tke  soil  it  may  tkorougkly  penetrate  it.  Tke  watering  takes 
place  late  in  tke  afternoon,  wken  air  and  eartk  and  water  are  becom- 
ing more  even  in  temperature  tkan  tkey  were  during  tke  kot  kours 
of  tke  day.  If  tkis  time  of  watering  is  not  observed,  something  takes 
place  with  tke  plants  wkick  kas  been  compared  to  tke  catcking  of  a 
cold.  As  soon  as  tke  cotton  plants  are  in  full  bloom  tke  watering 
must,  if  possible,  be  discontinued  altogetker,  as  otkerwise  many  more 
flowers  will  be  formed  tkan,  in  tke  short  season  of  Turkestan,  can 
develop  into  ripe  bolls,  and  muck  aliment  is  uselessly  diverted  from  tke 
already  forming  bolls  to  flowers  wkick  will  result  in  notking,  tkus  delay- 
ing tke  first  crop. 

Blossoming,  as  a  rule,  takes  place  about  June  27tk,  and  it  can  tkus  be 
seen  now  little  advantage  is  to  be  derived  from  more  early  planting  of 
cotton,  as  cotton  planted  on  April  13tk  opened  its  flowers  on  June  28tk, 
i.  e.,  after  76  days;  planted  on  April  26tk,  it  was  in  bloom  on  July  4tk, 
i.  e.,  after  69  days,  and  on  one  plant  even  after  65  days.  Planted  on  May 
14tk  it  kad  flowers  in  60  days  and  in  one  instance  even  in  58  days.  Tkus 
a  difference  of  31  days  between  first  and  last  planting  was  reduced  to  a 
difference  of  only  16  days  for  tke  time  of  inflorescence  (flowering).  As 
soon  as  tke  first  flowers  kave  opened  no  more  plowing  can  take  place, 
as  it  would  result  in  tke  breaking  off  of  twigs  and  flowers.  Tke  plants 
during  tke  time  of  flowering  develop  very  rapidly  and  attain  conspicu- 
ous dimensions.  Tkey  easily  become  56  inckes  high,  and  "sea  island" 
cotton  Mr.  Wilkins  measured  to  be  70  to  84  inckes  in  keigkt.  But  these 
tall  plants,  the  result  of  too  much  irrigation,  are  not  the  most  remu- 
nerative. Many  more  and  better  bolls  are  obtained  from  smaller  and 
more  compact  plants,  and  it  has  been  found  that  such  plants  may  be 
produced  by  moderate  watering  and  by  keeping  tke  soil  loose  by  means 
of  repeated  plowing.  Tke  first  flowers  are  on  tke  lowest  branckes,  tken 
higher  up,  and  at  last  on  the  tops;  the  latter  are  almost  always  too  late 
to  become  ripe  in  Turkestan ;  tkey  only  take  away  muck  sap  and  nour- 
ishment from  the  earlier  bolls.  It  has  therefore  been  suggested  to  cut 
off  the  tops  of  the  cotton  plants,  which,  having  been  tried  by  Mr.  Wil- 
kins, was  found  to  improve  the  yield  of  fiber,  as  more  perfect  bolls  are 
formed  which  ripen  sooner.  The  cutting  off  of  the  tops  must  be  done 
about  the  end  of  July,  because  if  it  is  done  sooner  the  plants,  if  strong, 
will  strive  to  put  forth  new  tops,  the  effect  of  which  would  be  much 
worse  than  not  cutting  at  all;  if,  on  the  otker  kand,  it  is  done  too  late, 
tke  expected  beneficial  effect  can  not  take  place. 

As  regards  tke  number  of  bolls  in  Turkestan  on  eack  cotton  plant, 
it  is  always  muck  less  tkan  tke  number  of  flowers  and  subject  to  great 
variations,  from  extremely  well  developed  plants  bearing  60,  70,  and 
even  80  bolls,  down  to  middling  plants  of  20  and  to  weaker  plants  of 
5  to  9  bolls,  or  even  less.  Mr.  Wilkins  once  witnessed  tke  fact  of  over 
130  flowers  on  one  plant  of  tke  variety  of  "  Osier,"  of  wkick  number 
73  developed  into  quite  ripe  bolls,  12  remained  not  quite  ripe,  and  tke 
remainder  were  half- formed  bolls,  flowers,  or  buds. 

The  bolls  from  tke  first  flowers  are  ripe  in  4  to  4i  months ;  those  from 
flowers  of  tke  latter  part  of  July  in  45  to  50  days,  and  tkose  from  August 
flowers  ripen  so  muck  slower  on  account  of  the  longer  nights  (shorter 
days)  and  lower  temperature,  that  about  Tashkent  tkey  frequently  do 
not  get  quite  ripe,  but  are  overtaken  by  tke  frosts  and  tke  fibre  of 
suck  bolls  is  very  inferior. 

Tke  proper  time  for  collecting  the  bolls  (picking  the  cotton)  is  wken 
(by  opening)  tkey  skow  all  tke  cotton  within  and  some  seeds;  before 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  183 

this  they  are  not  quite  ripe,  and  a  very  little  later  part  of  the  cotton 
may  be  carried  away  by  the  winds.  The  gathering  (picking)  is  done 
by  both  men  and  women,  and  should  invariably  take  place  during  the 
warm  hours  of  the  day  when  the  cotton  fields  are  quite  dry  from  the 
night's  dew.  If  the  cotton  is  damp  when  picked  it  may  get  heated, 
which  would  greatly  affect  its  strength  and  commercial  value,  and  it 
may  even  become  liable  to  spontaneous  combustion. 

The  amounts  of  fibre  (lint  cotton)  harvested  about  Tashkent  vary 
from  190  to  240  pounds  of  pure  fibre  (ginned  or  lint  cotton)  per  acre, 
and  in  one  instance  2(30  pounds. 

At  the  Tashkent  Experimental  Farm,  in  specially  prepared,  good  soil 
and  under  such  care  as  is  only  given  to  garden  plants,  373  pounds  of 
cotton  fibre  per  acre  were  gathered  from  cotton  from  American  upland 
seed.  This  shows  that  by  means  of  great  special  care  the  yield  of  fibre 
(or  lint)  maybe  greatly  increased,  and  it  becomes  only  necessary  in  any 
giveD  locality  to  ascertain  how  much  extra  labor  put  into  the  crop  will 
be  remunerative.  Planters  in  Turkestan  are,  as  a  rule,  of  the  opinion 
that  266  pounds  (lint  cotton)  per  acre  is  likely  to  be  the  highest  quan- 
tity which  it  may  still  pay  to  produce,  and  that  every  increase  over 
this  will  necessitate  too  much  extra  labor,  and  will  prove  a  pecuniary 
loss.  Before  commencing  to  gather  the  (matured)  bolls,  the  owner  or 
manager  marks  those  plants  from  which  he  intends  to  derive  his  seed 
for  future  planting.  Experience  has  shown  that  any  kind  of  cotton 
very  soon  degenerates  unless  great  care  is  taken  invariably  to  select 
the  seed  from  the  best  specimens. 

*  #  #  #  #  *  # 

In  Turkestan,  the  combined  results  of  careless  cultivation,  negligent 
and  too  plentiful  irrigation  and  of  the  planting  of  cotton  for  many 
years  in  succession  in  the  same  field,  and  the  use  of  unselected  seed, 
have  been  to  produce  seeds  50  per  cent  too  large,  and  a  small  yield  of 
fibre,  which,  though  sufficiently  long  and  strong,  is  hard  and  woolly  to 
the  touch. 

In  America,  cotton  seed  is  every  now  and  then  renewed  from  other 
localities,  in  order  to  provide  against  degeneration,  and  in  so  doing  the 
planters,  as  a  rule,  procure  the  new  seed  from  localities  situated  far- 
ther north,  so  as  to  bring  the  cotton  plants  into  a  more  favorable  climate. 
This  is  one  of  the  serious  drawbacks  to  central  Asia  as  a  cottou-grow- 
ing  region,  since  new  seed  can  only  be  brought  from  more  southern 
points,  and  has  to  be  always  first  a  little  acclimatized. 

In  Russia,  only  Transcaucasia  and  Turkestan  are  cotton-growing 
regions.  The  cultivation  of  cotton  in  the  southern  parts  of  Caucasia 
is  of  old  standing  but  until  about  30  years  ago  it  was  only  for  local 
use;  but  when,  during  our  civil  war,  the  importation  of  cotton  from  the 
United  States  was  stopped,  the  proprietors  of  the  factories  in  the 
provinces  of  Moscow  and  Vladimir  readily  gave  orders  for  Caucasian 
cotton,  paying  high  prices  for  it.  The  acreage  of  land  under  cotton 
was  very  rapidly  increased,  and  the  native  seed,  which  gave  a  coarse 
and  short  hbre,  was  replaced  by  American  seed.  At  present  about 
9,000  tons  of  cotton  are  produced  in  the  Caucasus,  and  nearly  one-half 
of  this  is  transported  to  European  Russia.  The  chief  place  for  the 
culture  of  cotton  is  the  valley  of  the  Araxes,  in  the  province  of  Erivan  ; 
it  is  also  grown  in  the  province  of  Kutias,  along  the  River  Rion,  and 
in  the  Kuba  district  in  the  province  of  Baku.  Erivan  cotton  from 
American  seed  is  considered  to  be  the  best;  it  is  estimated  much  higher 
than  Persian  and  Bokhara  cotton  and  quoted  at  only  one  rouble  (50 
cents'  ^>ss  per  pood  (30  lbs.)  than  New  Orleans  cotton.     Exijerience  has 


184     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

shown  with  regard  to  quality  that  cotton  grown  from  American  seed  in 
the  Caucasus  and  Eussian  Turkestan  is  in  no  way  inferior  to  the  average 
quality  of  American  cotton.  Until  a  few  years  ago  the  development  of 
cotton  culture  in  Turkestan,  besides  the  inferior  quality  of  the  cotton 
itself  from  uative  seed,  was  also  hindered  by  these  two  circumstauces : 
(1)  Its  imperfect  cleaning,  and  (2)  the  absence  of  roads.  The  old  sys- 
tem of  cleaning  cotton  left  a  large  proportion  of  bruised  seed  sticking 
to  the  staple,  in  consequence  of  which  cotton  from  central  Asia  gave 
from  25  to  30  or  even  40  per  cent  of  loss  on  waste.  At  present  this 
drawback  has  been  removed  by  the  introduction  of  American  gins. 
Besides  this,  the  pressing  of  cotton  has  been  introduced,  which  must 
facilitate  its  transportation. 

Owing  to  these  measures,  the  quality  of  Central- Asian  cotton  from 
American  and  Egyptian  seed  had  so  much  improved  that  as  early  as  1888 
it  could  be  sold  almost  as  high  as  the  real  American.  The  second  impor- 
tant impediment  to  the  development  of  cotton-growing,  the  absence  of 
roads  and  consequent  great  expense  for  the  transportation  of  cotton, 
will  also  be  removed  as  soon  as  the  Transcaspian  Railway,  which  is 
already  complete  as  far  as  Samarkand,  will  have  been  continued  to 
Tashkent.  Up  to  1887  cotton  was  transported  to  Orenberg  on  camels 
by  caravans.  These  caravans  required  from  three  to  four  months  to 
make  the  journey  from  Tashkent  to  Orenberg,  and  the  cost  of  trans- 
port between  the  two  places  was  from  50  cents  to  58  cents  per  pood  of 
30  lbs.  (about  $35  per  ton).  Still,  in  spite  of  this  delay  and  heavy 
expense  for  transport,  the  quantity  of  cotton  imported  by  way  of  Oren- 
berg increased  from  year  to  year.  In  1883  it  amounted  to  9,700  tons;  in 
1884  to  10,100  tons;  in  1885  to  10,800  tons;  in  1886  to  13,400  tons;  in 
1887  to  9,180  tons.  In  1888,  15,000  tons  of  cotton  passed  through 
Astrakan  via  Transcaspian  Railway  and  Caspian  Sea,  while  the 
quautity  brought  via  Orenberg  had  fallen  off  to  6,730  tons.  At  the 
pjesent  time  the  quantity  sent  via  Orenberg  is  very  small.  From  time 
immemorial  cotton  has  been  cultivated  in  Asia,  but  gossypium  herba- 
ceum,  the  variety  grown  there,  ranks  in  quality  much  below  the  Ameri- 
can variety  of  the  same  plant.  The  fibers  of  the  Asiatic  cotton  are  only 
about  one-half  the  length ;  they  are  coarse  and  difficult  to  separate  from 
the  pods  (bolls). 

The  experiments  made  some  time  ago  in  Turkestan,  which  are  men- 
tioned in  detail  elsewhere,  proved  that  the  cultivation  of  cotton  from 
American  seed  could  be  successfully  carried  out,  although  it  required  very 
careful  treatment,  and  when  ripe  Avas  easily  carried  away  by  the  winds. 
Of  the  Russian  possessions  peculiarly  adapted  for  the  growing  of  cotton 
the  low  plains  of  Akhal-Teke,  Merv,  Bokhara,  Khiva,  and  parts  of 
Fergana  are  best,  since  it  is  well  known  that  in  the  Caucasus  cotton 
does  not  grow  any  higher  up  than  2,000  feet.  In  Turkestan  the  same 
thing  is  noticed;  no  cotton  is  grown  in  the  Zerafshan  district,  which  is 
situated  higher  up  than  2,000  feet.  Tashkent  cotton  is,  even  amongst 
the  Asiatic  varieties,  considered  to  be  the  worst,  probably  because  the 
cultivation  of  cotton  reaches  there  its  extreme  northern  limit.  The 
cultivation  of  American  cotton  in  Turkestan,  commenced  under  Gov- 
ernor-General Kaufmann,  was  soon  abandoned  by  those  who  had 
attempted  it,  and  may  be  said  to  have  become  completely  extinct  as 
early  as  1881.  During  the  year  1884  General  Rosenbach,  the  then  gov- 
ernor-general, decided  to  renew  the  attempt,  and  measures  were  taken 
to  establish  an  experiment  station  at  Tashkent  in  the  following  year. 
Having  undertaken  the  task  of  introducing  into  Turkestan  the  culti- 
vation  of  American  cotton,  it  was  found  necessary,  amongst  other 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  18f) 

measures,  to  create  a  small  experimental  plantation,  whose  object 
would  be,  as  speedily  as  possible  and  from  every  point  of  view,  to 
ascertain  all  the  conditions  of  the  growth  and  the  requirements  of 
American  cotton  under  the  sky  of  Central  Asia.  The  action  of  both 
previous  experimental  farms  (at  Samarkand  and  Tashkent,  left  several 
most  important  questions  undecided.  Nevertheless,  the  success 
depended  upon  the  propagation  amongst  the  local  planters  of  the  most 
rational  way  of  the  cultivation  of  a  plant  heretofore  unknown  in  their 
country.  The  urgent  necessity  of  instructions  was  eloquently  expressed 
in  the  continual  demand  for  the  distribution  of  some  guidebook,  which 
want,  the  administration  of  the  district  was  unable  to  satisfy  at  the 
time. 

In  order  as  well  as  possible  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  planters  the 
manager  of  the  experimental  plantation  made  annually  at  the  meet- 
ings of  the  Turkestan  cotton  planters,  communications  regarding  the 
experiments  made  by  him  during  that  year  and  of  the  results  thus 
obtained.  Dividing  the  experimental  field  into  small  plots  and  submit- 
ting them  to  different  ways  of  cultivation,  and  making  various  kinds 
of  experiments  on  them,  he  succeeded  in  the  course  of  four  years  so  far 
to  clear  up  the  conditions  of  the  culture  of  American  cotton  that  he 
found  it  possible  in  the  beginning  of  1889  to  publish  the  book  of  instruc- 
tions asked  for  by  the  Turkestan  planters,  in  which  manual  were 
embodied,  not  only  his  personal  experiences,  but  also  his  observations 
made  on  the  farms  belonging  to  other  persons.  At  tlie  same  time  as 
the  experiments  were  made  with  American  cotton  comparative 
experiments  were  also  carried  out  on  the  same  plantation  with  the  culti- 
vation of  the  native  Asiatic  cotton.  Observations  were  made  regard- 
ing the  different  enemies  of  cotton  in  Turkestan,  which  was  a  question 
until  that  time  never  entered  upon.  The  results  of  these  observations 
and  experiments  may  be  considered  as  having  definitely  established  the 
following  conditions:  (1)  The  best  results  of  all  are  obtained  from  cul- 
tivating cotton  in  beds,  the  same  as  in  the  United  States.  (2)  The  con- 
ditions of  the  soil  in  Turkestan  permit,  with  the  greatest  amount  of 
profit,  the  growth  of  three  plants  in  every  hill,  although  in  the  United 
States  it  is  customary  to  leave  only  one.  (3)  In  order  to  obtain  good 
results  the  same  care  must  be  taken  of  cotton  which  is  indispensable  with 
regard  to  every  other  plant  which  is  not  sown  broadcast,  but  planted 
in  such  order  that  a  plough  may  be  run  through  between  them.  (4)  An 
excess  of  irrigation  increases  the  luxuriant  growth  of  the  plants  and  calls 
forth  an  abundance  of  flowers,  but  at  the  same  time  it  delays  the  ripening 
of  the  pods  (or  bolls)  and  not  unfrequently  leads  to  a  decrease  of  the 
yield  of  lint.  (5)  In  the  neighborhood  of  Tashkent  about  the  25th  of 
April  must  be  considered  as  the  most  propitious  time  for  planting  cotton. 
And  as  a  visible  mark  for  the  proper  time  to  commence  planting  may 
be  pointed  out  the  appearance  of  the  flowers  of  the  wild  red  poppy 
(Hypecoum  sp.  ind.),  which  grows  in  every  part  of  Turkestan.  (6)  The 
highest  quality  of  American  cotton  as  regards  length  and  silkiness  of 
fiber,  the  Sea  Island*(Gossypium  barbadense),  is  not  suited  for  cultiva- 
tion in  Turkestan,  as  it  does  not  ripen.  In  Fergana  ''Egyptian"  cot- 
ton is  being  cultivated  on  a  large  scale,  but  this  also  usually  fails  at 
Tashkent.  (7)  The  different  varieties  of  the  upland  cotton  (Gossypium 
hirsutum)  are  particularly  well  adapted  for  cultivation  in  Turkestan; 
of  these  only  the  kind  known  as  "Peterkin"  gave  unsatisfactory  results. 
(8)  On  an  average  upland  cotton  yields  near  Tashkent,  without  manur- 
ing, 190  to  210  pounds  of  lint  cotton  per  acre,  and  in  Fergana  it  gives  a 
better  yield.     (9)  The  local  Asiatic  cotton  (Gossypium  herbaceum)  is 


i86     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

capable,  under  rational  cultivation,  to  somewhat  lengthen  the  staple 
and  to  improve  the  quality  of  its  fibre.  Nevertheless  the  hopes  placed 
on  it  by  some  planters,  that  its  quality  could  be  made  to  equal  the 
quality  of  American  cotton,  must  be  considered  as  even  more  than 
doubtful. 

In  Fergana  two  million  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  acres  are 
under  irrigation  for  cultivation,  and  in  all  of  Turkestan  there  are  over 
five  million  acres.  Where,  however,  the  water  is  scarce  some  parts  of 
this  area  are  only  cultivated  every  second  or  third  year,  whereas  other 
parts  (more  thickly  populated  and  the  water  supply  certain)  bear  two 
crops  of  cereals  each  year.  For  cotton  alone,  Fergana  has  500,000 
acres,  bearing  a  crop  of  from  two  hundred  and  thirty  to  two  hundred 
and  sixty  pounds  per  acre  from  American  seed,  and  about  one  hundred 
and  thirty  pounds  from  native  seed.  The  best  cotton  from  native  seed 
is  raised  in  Khiva  and  Bohkara.  Until  last  year  no  attempt  has  ever 
been  made  to  plant  American  seed  in  either  of  these  Khanates,  owing 
to  the  great  prejudice  of  the  natives  against  it.  The  native  cotton 
bolls,  when  ripe,  never  open  so  early  or  so  freely  as  the  bolls  from 
American  seed,  nor  are  they  in  danger  of  being  soiled  or  injured  to  any 
great  extent  by  being  permitted  to  remain  on  the  stalk  until  such  time 
as  it  may  suit  the  convenience  of  the  owner  to  pick  them.  On  the 
other  hand;  the  natives  complain  that  cotton  from  American  seed  bursts 
open  its  bolls  very  early  and  very  wide,  and  must  be  gathered  every 
day  to  save  it  from  being  injured  by  dust  and  winds.  Another  cause 
which  operates  against  the  introduction  of  American  seed  is  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  Ameer's  officers  proceed  to  collect  the  taxes.  No 
native  dare  to  harvest  any  crop,  or  any  part  of  it,  before  the  tax 
official  looks  it  over  and  places  his  estimate  upon  it.  The  owner  of  the 
crop  is  then  permitted  to  gather  his  harvest  if  he  thinks  proper  to  do 
so,  and  it  does  happen  frequently  that  he  declines  to  do  so.  Take  cot- 
ton, for  example,  the  tax  officer  may  arrive  either  too  early  and  his 
estimate  be  so  much  out  of  proportion  to  the  eventual  result  that  the 
owner  loses  less  by  permitting  the  crop  to  rot  than  he  would  if  he  were 
to  gather  it  and  pay  the  share  demanded  by  the  Ameer;  or  in  the  case 
of  wheat,  for  instance,  the  officer  may  arrive  too  late,  when  the  grain 
is  overripe  and  shelling,  in  which  case  the  owner  prefers  to  lose  it  all. 
As  a  very  intelligent  native  remarked,  "  If  I  plant  American  seed,  which 
opens  very  fully  almost  in  a  day,  and  the  tax  oi'licer  has  not  been 
around,  I  am  not  at  liberty  to  touch  it,  and  the  consequence  is  it  is 
injured  by  dust  and  sand,  and  may  even  be  blown  away  by  the  winds, 
which  nearly  always  exist  here."  However,  through  the  influence  of 
Mr.  Lessar,  the  Russian  diplomatic  agent  at  Bohkara,  a  large  tract 
of  land  was  planted  with  America  seed  last  year,  and  special  arrange- 
ments were  made  by  which  the  tract  should  be  exempt  from  the  usual 
visit  of  the  Ameer's  tax  officer,  in  lieu  of  which  the  Ameer  was  to 
receive  a  certain  portion  of  clean  fibre,  based  on  the  results  of  the  total 
yield  when  ginned.  The  planters  engaged  in  this  experiment  were  all 
of  them  Russian  subjects.  There  are  three  or  four  pickings  of  cotton 
when  the  season  permits  and  frost  does  not  appear  until  December. 

The  quality  of  the  cotton  from  these  lour  pickings  is  rated  as  follows: 
First  picking  classed  as  2nd  quality. 
Second    "  "      "    1st      " 

Third       "  "      "    2nd      " 

Fourth     "  "      "    3rd      " 

About  thirty-six  pounds  of  American  seed  are  planted  to  the  acre. 
The  cotton,  which  is  cultivated  exclusively  by  the  natives,  is,  as  a  ruler 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  187 

very  much  mixed.  American,  Egyptian,  and  native  seed  being  sown 
indiscriminately.  The  population  being  Mohammadans,  thousands 
make  a  vistl  yearly  to  -Mecca,  and  they  always  return  with  more  or  less 
Egyptian  seed.  A  curious  custom  among  the  natives  is  to  carry  fresh 
soil  as  top-dressing  for  old  fields  instead  of  turning  up  the  dee])  rich 
loam  which  lies  below.  This,  of  course,  can  only  take  place  with  small 
plots  of  ground,  but  as  nearly  all  the  cultivated  plots  belonging  to 
native  owners  are  small,  the  aggregate  quantity  of  topsoiling  is  xevx 
large.  There  are  no  large  cotton  plantations  in  Turkestan  in  the 
hands  of  private  owners.  Nearly  all  of  the  lands  tit  iibr  cultivation 
belonged  to  the  natives,  and  is  cut  up  into  more  or  less  small  plots.  It 
is  almost  impossible  to  persuade  a  native  to  sell  his  land,  and  when  he 
does  part  with  it,  it  is  always  for  a  more  valuable  consideration  than  it 
is  worth.  Poor  soil,  or  land  without  irrigation  facilities,  is  worthless 
and  can  be  bought  lor  little  or  nothing.  Experience  has  taught  the 
planters  that  cotton  can  not.  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  be 
cultivated  with  profit  in  Turkestan,  when  Russian  labor  is  employed. 
With  native  labor  and  favorable  conditions  it  is  possible  to  derive  a 
fair  remuneration.  .Money  is  very  scarce  in  the  country  and  the  rate  of 
interest  high;  so  high,  in  fact,  as  to  exclude  the  possibility  of  profit  to 
the  planter  who  must  borrow.  Nearly  all  the  Russians  engaged  in 
cotton  planting  are  hard-working,  intelligent,  but  comparatively  poor 
men.  The  following  figures  will  show  the  progressing  growth  of  the 
production  of  American  upland  cotton  in  Russian  Turkestan  for  the 
years  named. 

1883  28,  800  pounds  of  ginned  or  lint  cotton. 

lssl 108,000  "  "  " 

1885 (312.000  "  "  " 

1886 2.1G0.000  "  "  " 

1887 7,632,000  "  "  " 

1888 20,160,000  "  "  " 

1889 30,600;000  "  "  " 

1890 72,000,000  "  "  " 

1891 90,000,000*  "  "  " 

1892  (estimated) 98,000,000  "  "  " 

Russia  requires  for  home  consumption  more  than.  500,000,000  pounds 
of  cotton  fibre  annually,  and  Russian  Turkestan  and  the  Caucasus 
under  present  conditions  cannot  produce  more  than  120,000.000  pounds, 
or  about  one-fourth  the  quantity  required.  The  Russian  Government 
is  giving  every  possible  encouragement  to  Turkestan  planters  and 
Russian  manufacturers.  Irrigation  plans  on  a  large  scale  have  received 
favorable  consideration,  and  doubtless  in  time  will  be  carried  out,  but 
the  benefit  to  be  derived  from  the  successful  completion  and  operation 
of  these  plans  is  not  only  remote  but  restricted  to,  at  best,  the  produc- 
tion of  200,000,000  pounds  of  cleaned  cotton  fibre  annually.  The  cus- 
toms duty  on  goods  manufactured  from  foreign  cotton  is  refunded  when 
such  goods  are  exported.  This  refunding  is  in  the  form  of  a  check 
which  can  only  be  used  in  payment  of  duties  on  imported  cotton.  It  is 
owing  to  this  measure  that  Russia  has  been  able  to  undersell  English 
manufacturers  in  Persia  and  Afghanistan.  The  quantity  of  native 
cotton  shipped  annually  to  Russia  from  central  Asia  is  yearly  decreas- 
ing. The  following  is  a  comparative  statement;  of  the  total  quantity  of 
cotton  forwarded  by  way  of  the  Trans-Caspian  Military  Railway  in  the 
years  1888  to  1802. 


188 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


American. 


1888  (in  pounds) 20,160,000 

1889  "  30, 600,000 

1890  "  72,000,000 

1891  "  5)0,000,000 

1892  "  A8,000,000 


Native. 


21,885.696 

41,  387,  970 

27.  721, 296 

5,  506,  820 

2,  000,  000 


Total. 


42,  045.  696 
71,  987, 970 
99,  721, 296 
95,  506, 820 
100, 000, 000 


Previous  to  the  opening  of  the  Trans  Caspian  railway,  the  quantity 
of  cotton  annually  imported  to  Russia  from  Central  Asia  amounted  to 
about  18  million  pounds.  The  heaviest  shipments  now  are  from  Sam- 
arcand, the  present  terminus  of  the  railway.  Fergana  and  Tashkent 
cotton  is  transported  in  pressed  bales  to  Samarcand  and  from  thence 
forwarded  by  rail  to  Uzunada  on  the  Caspian,  and  thence  by  water, 
via  the  Volga  River,  to  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg.  An  early  exten- 
sion of  the  railway  from  Samarcand  to  Fergana  and  Tashkent  is  hoped 
for,  and  when  completed  will  prove  a  great  encouragement  to  cotton 
planters  by  cheapening  freights  and  giving  more  speedy  transportation. 

Bokhara,  Amu-Daria,  Karkul,  Askabad,  and  Merv  follow  in  the 
order  named  next  to  Samarcand  in  the  quantity  of  cotton  shipped  to 
Russia.  Hydraulic  presses  and  American  gins  are  very  numerous 
throughout  Russian  Turkestan.  The  bales  when  pressed  contain  288 
pounds  of  cotton ;  about  25  pounds  to  the  square  foot.  These  bales  are 
usually  transported  fco  the  railway  by  camels,  each  animal  carrying  two 
bales.  Open  platform  cars  are  used  on  the  railway  to  transport  the 
cotton,  which  is  usually  covered  with  heavy  canvas  or  tarpaulins.  The 
heaviest  shipments  are  during  the  months  of  March,  April,  and  May, 
about  the  time  the  Volga  is  free  from  ice  and  open  for  navigation.  The 
following  statement  was  furnished  by  a  merchant  who  deals  largely  in 
cotton  and  may  be  accepted  as  reliable: 

BOKHARA. 


Price  at  bazaar  per  "batman"  (288  pounds)  of — 

Native  cotton  in  the  bolls $4.  50 

Opening  the  bolls  by  hand 40 

Separating  seed  from  cotton 40 

Hauling  from  bazaar  to  the  press 09 

Pressing  [a  batman  gives  72  lbs.  ginned  or  lint  cotton] 17 

Sacking  and  binding  (iron  bands)  72  lbs.  lint  cotton 13 

Taxes  in  Bokhara  (72  lbs.  lint  cotton) 16 

Commission  of  sale  per  batman  5  per  cent 22 

Freight  from  Bokhara  to  St.  Petersburg  (72  lbs.) 1.  60 

Total  cost  and  charges  of  72  lbs.  ginned  cotton  (equal  to  about  10^    • 

cents  per  pound) 7.67 

Price  in  St.  Petersburg  for  above  cotton .  per  pood  of  36  pounds,  $3.85,  making 
$7.70  for  the  72  pounds. 

N.  15.  — All  above  work  is  done  by  hand. 

Transport  to  Moscow  is  20  cents,  per  72  pounds,  cheaper  than  to  St.  Petersburg. 

KATTAGURGAN. 

Price  per  but  man  of  288  pounds,  in  the  bolls $4.00 

Cost  of  opeuing  by  hand  (1  batman) 40 

Cos1  of  cleaning  by  gin  (1  batman) 45 

(  ost  of  pressing,  sacking,  binding,  and  warehousing 25 

Freight  to  St.  Petersburg 1. 53 

Commission  5  per  cent 20 

Total  cost  of  72  lbs.  lint  cottor  (about  9  J  cents  per  pound) 6. 83 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  189 

samai:kam>. 

Cost,  per  batman,  cleaned  or  ginned  cotton,  at  $2.60  per  pood  of  36  pounds..  $20.80 

Weighing,  per  batman  (288  pounds) .05 

Freight  from  bazaar  to  press 08 

Sacking,  binding  (iron  bands),  per  batman .50 

Pressing  per  batman .65 

Freight  from  press  to  railway,  per  batman .08 

Freight  to  St.  Petersburg  per  batman 6.  80 

Commission,  5  per  cent 1. 04 

Total  cost  (about  10£  cents  per  pound) 30.  00 

KOKAND. 

Cost,  per  pood  (36  pounds),  ginned  cotton,  in  bazaar $2. 10 

Pressing,  sacking,  binding  (iron  bands),  per  pood  (36  pounds) 26 

Weighing 03 

Freight  from  bazaar  to  press,  and  press  to  Samarcand 21 

Freight  from  Samarcand  to  St.  Petersburg,  per  pood  (36  pounds) 85 

Commission,  5  per  cent 10 

Total  cost  (about  10  cents  per  pound) 3. 55 

The  figures  for  the  above  districts  are  based  upon  the  highest  prices. 
Cotton  is  always  bought  at  Bokhara  and  Kattagurgan  in  the  bolls;  at 
Perm  ass  and  Samarcand,  ginned.  The  cotton  trade  is  still  in  the  hands 
of  a  few  commercial  firms  of  Moscow,  whose  agents  buy  up  in  the 
bazaars  the  so-called  "gooza"  (cotton  in  the  bolls)  and  uncleaned  cot- 
ton, but  in  the  majority  of  cases  they  give  advances  of  money  to  the 
natives,  for  which  the  cotton  still  growing  in  the  fields  is  security;  the 
cotton,  when  subsequently  delivered  to  the  merchants,  is  settled  for  at 
the  market  price  ruling  at  the  time  of  delivery.  For  the  cleaning  of 
the  cotton  these  firms  have  established  cotton  gins  at  numerous  places 
throughout  Russian  Turkestan,  Khiva,  and  Bokhara.  The  prices  paid 
for  cotton  in  its  various  stages  differ,  but  the  average  price  during 
1889  will  serve  as  an  illustration.     It  was  as  follows: 

''Gooza"  (cotton  in  bolls),  per  pood (36  lbs.) $1. 10 

Uncleaned  cotton,  per  pood  (36  lbs.) 1.30 

Clean  fibre  (ginned  cotton),  per  pood  (36  lbs.) 2.75 

In  1887  an  experiment  with  cotton  planting  was  made  near  Merv. 
From  32£  acres  about  7,500  pounds  of  cleaned  cotton  fibre  was 
obtained,  being  about  230  pounds  per  acre.  As  cleaned  cotton  is  sold 
on  the  spot  for  $248  per  ton,  the  acre  gave  a  gross  profit  of  $25.  These 
figures  are,  of  course,  exceptional.  The  average  profit  per  acre  varies 
with  the  year,  and  depends  largely  on  the  quality  of  seed  and  manner 
of  cultivation. 

THE   ENEMIES   OF   THE   COTTON  PLANT   IN   CENTRAL   ASIA. 

In  April  and  May.  1887,  large  numbers  of  the  so-called  "yellow- 
worms"  appeared,  and  burrowing  in  the  earth  destroyed  the  germs  of 
the  cotton  as  they  were  issuing  from  the  seed,  and  eating  their  way 
into  the  seeds  left  nothing  but  the  shell.  These  worms  were  of  pale 
reddish  color,  20  to  25  millimeters  (or  about  an  inch)  long,  and  showed 
unmistakable  signs  of  belonging  to  the  Elater  family;  probably  they 
were  a  variety  of  Athons.  In  1888  they  were  very  much  less  in  num- 
bers, and  the  damage  they  caused  was  not  great.  In  May,  1888,  some 
fields  in  Turkestan  were  devastated  by  quite  another  insect  pest;  they 
were  the  caterpillars  of  a  variety  of  Agrotis.  They  were  naked,  of  a 
dirty  brown  color,  with  indistinctly  marked  darker  and  lighter  stripes 


190     COTTON  CULTUBE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

on  their  backs.  On  their  necks,  quite  close  to  the  head,  they  showed 
a  peculiar  horny  shield,  and  they  had  small  black  spots  on  the  rings  of 
their  bodies.  In  spite  of  the  apparent  frailness  of  their  limbs  they 
burrow  readily  in  the  loose  soil  of  the  field,  but  cannot  climb  up  any 
vertical  surface.  When  full  grown  they  are  48  millimeters  (nearly  2 
inches)  long,  and  as  thick  as  a  goose  quill.  They  are  nocturnal;  feed- 
ing on  the  young  stems  and  leaves  during  the  night,  they  lie  rolled  up 
in  the  earth  during  the  day.  The  way  in  which  they  eat  at  once 
betrays  their  presence  as  they  bite  the  young  plants  off  close  to  the 
ground.  They  also  attack  other  plants,  especially  melons.  The  color 
of  the  adult  moth  varies  considerably,  but  may  be  described  as  follows: 
The  first  pair  of  wings  is  grey-brown  with  several  darker  marks ;  where 
these  are  missing  they  resemble  Agrotis  tritice,  var  Aquilina ;  the  second 
pair  of  wings  of  males  is  whitish;  of  the  females  with  a  brownish  edge. 
The  males  are  smaller  than  the  females.  The  feelers  of  the  males  areon 
both  sides  like  saws,  those  of  the  females  are  like  plain  bristles,  and 
the  width  of  the  wings  of  a  well  developed  female  attains  38  millime- 
ters. (A  millimeter  is  about  «^th  of  an  inch,  25.4  millimeters  being 
equal  to  1  inch).  From  the  eggs  laid  in  June  and  July  on  various 
weeds,  develops  a  second  generation,  part  of  which  evidently  hibernates 
in  the  form  of  cocoons,  which  are  either  quite  naked  or  incased  in 
a  kind  of  shell  made  of  clay.  They  appear  as  moths  in  March,  and 
the  worms  developing  from  their  eggs  are  those  which  attack  cotton 
and  many  other  plants. 

The  circumstance  that  the  worms  do  not,  as  a  rule,  appear  at  once 
all  over  the  plantation,  but  rather  in  one  or  several  easily  discovered 
spots,  furnishes  the  means  for  their  destruction.  Continuous  ditches 
of  at  least  14  inches  depth  must  be  dug  around  these  spots.  The  sides 
of  the  ditches  must  be  vertical,  or  it  is  even  better  if  the  bottom  of  the 
ditch  should  be  a  little  wider  than  the  top.  The  caterpillars,  in  their 
attempt  to  reach  the  remainder  of  the  plantation,  fall  in  large  numbers 
into  the  ditch,  and  as  they  can  not  climb  the  vertical  sides  nor  burrow 
in  the  hard  ground  at  the  bottom  of  the  ditch,  they  are  easily  destroyed 
in  the  morning.  It  has  always  been  recommended  as  a  means  against 
these  two  pests  to  treat  the  cotton  seed  with  an  extract  of  garlic,  of 
Ledum  palustre (wild  rosemary),  or  of  Prunus  Padus  (bird  cherry),  and 
to  sprinkle  these  extracts  over  the  young  plants.  Mr.  Wilkins  found 
that  garlic  did  not  affect  the  caterpillars  at  all.  What  effect  the  extracts 
of  the  other  two  plants  might  have  does  not  seem  to  have  been  ascer- 
tained. Pulverized  Pyrethrum  roseuin  or  Pyrethrum  cinerariaefolium 
have  been  used  with  good  effect,  but  the  high  market  value  of  these 
powders  will  prevent  their  general  use.  Artemisia  )>auciflora  (worm- 
wood), or  santonin,  has  always  been  used  with  success;  and  Mr.  Wilk- 
ins deemed  it  well  worth  while  to  try  this  means,  or  a  closely  allied 
form  known  to  the  natives  as  "darniena."  This  is  a  variety  of  estra- 
gon  (Artemisia  dracunculus).  In  exposed  fields,  which  are  not  pro- 
tected by  any  ditches,  it  has  also  been  found  that  tortoises  prove  very 
destructive;  they  not  only  eat,  the  young  plants,  but  they  also  trample 
down  and  break  them.  Fortunately  ditches  dug  sufficiently  dee.])  and 
kept  in  good  order  protect  the  plantations  quite  effectually  against 
them.  A  certain  kind  of  aphis  (plant  louse)  has  been  found  to 
occasionally  cause  more  or  less  damage  about  the  end  of  May  to  the 
still  tender  young  cotton  plants,  but  fortunately  they  have  their  own 
enemy,  a  variety  of  ladybird  (Coccinella). 

Cotton  has  occasionally  Buffered  from  locusts  and  several  varieties  of 
grasshoppers  (Caloptenus  italicus,  several  kinds  of  JStenobothrus,  and 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  191 

even  Paehytylus  migratorins),  but  as  these  pests  attack  all  vegetation, 
they  can  not  be  called  especially  the  enemies  of  cotton. 

The  cotton  worm  (Aletiaargillacea),  which  is  occasionally  so  destruc- 
tive in  the  United  States,  is  unknown  in  central  Asia,  but  the  boll- 
worm  (Heliothis  armigera)  is  as  prevalent  in  Turkestan  as  it  is  in  Amer- 
ica. The  color  of  the  adult  boll  worm  is  subject  to  certain  variations, 
and  the  color  of  the  caterpillar  varies  according  to  season  and  other 
intluences.  It  has  been  suggested  that  more  than  one  distinct  variety 
of  this  species  exists,  but  as  the  supposed  separate  varieties  have  so 
many  blendings  between  them,  it  is  quite  impossible  to  classify  them. 
The  caterpillar  attains  a  length  of  38  millimeters,  and  the  width  of  the 
wings  37  millimeters.  The  color  as  a  rule  is  more  or  less  dark  ochre- 
red,  running  with  some  specimens  into  olive  green.  Nearer  to  the  outer 
edge  of  the  front  wings  runs  a  rather  wide,  darker  band,  and  on  the 
middle  of  each  wing  there  is  a  kidney-shaped  spot.  The  second  pair  of 
wings  are  lighter  colored,  and  have  a  broad,  black  band  along  their  outer 
edge.  As  this  caterpillar  attacks  those  parts  of  the  cotton  plant  which 
are  the  most  essential,  i.  e.,  the  stamina,  pistils,  and  the  growing  seeds, 
it  is  more  to  be  dreaded  than  any  other  enemy.  Many  of  the  numer- 
ous measures  against  this  moth,  suggested,  tried,  and  found  to  be  use- 
less in  the  United  States,  have  been  applied  in  Turkestan  with  about 
the  same  result,  and  there  will  remain  for  central  Asia,  as  well  as  for 
America,  only  one  remedy,  pulverized  Pyrethrum  roseum,  which,  though 
very  efficient  for  a  short  time,  has  the  great  disadvantage  that  exposed 
to  the  air  it  very  soon  loses  its  valuable  properties.  It  is  hoped  that  it 
will  be  possible  to  sow  it  on  the  hillsides  of  central  Asia  and  allow  it  to 
grovr  wild  there.  This,  if  attended  with  success,  would  make  the  pow- 
der very  cheap  and  bring  it  within  the  reach  of  all.  The  bollworm 
produces  several  generations  during  the  warm  season,  and  can  then  be 
found  in  all  stages  of  development.  It  passes  the  winter  in  loose  soil 
as  a  cocoon.  It  is  therefore  desirable  to  place  empty  fields  under  water 
for  several  days  at  a  time,  and  during  the  cold  season  to  plow  them 
repeatedly,  when  the  exposed  cocoons  will  be  readily  eaten  by  starlings, 
crows,  rooks,  and  daws. 

Several  other  insects  have  been  found  to  occasionally  attack  cotton, 
but  having  so  far  caused  no  great  damage,  they  are  considered  only  as 
casual  invaders.  The  very  warm  and  dry  winds,  called  "harmisil"  or 
"tebbada,"  when  the  air  seems  at  times  to  be  fraught  with  electricity, 
are  considered  to  be  very  hurtful  to  cotton,  as,  affecting  the  several 
sexual  organs  and  drying  these  tender  parts  up,  they  are  supposed  to 
prevent  fructification,  and  thus  to  cause  the  shedding  of  the  bolls  of 
the  cotton,  together  with  the  faded  flowers.  All  this,  however,  is  as 
yet  a  matter  of  theory,  and  requires  much  further  investigation  and 
proof.  Still,  it  has  been  found  advisable  to  protect  the  cotton  as  far 
as  possible  from  the  effects  of  all  winds,  and  this  has  been  partly 
attained  by  sowing  at  certain  distances,  all  over  the  plantation,  rows 
and  crossrows  of  varieties  of  tall-growing  pauicum  or  of  ricinus,  etc., 
between  the  cotton  plants. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

Mr.  Bellikova  planted  American  upland  cotton  near  Tashkent  in 
1884  and  has  each  year  selected  his  seed  for  t lie  following  year  from 
the  progeny  of  1884.  Be  believes  that  there  has  been  little  or  no  dete- 
rioration of  this  seed  during  the  eight  years  mentioned,  and  he  prefers 
to  use  the  seed,  which  has  become  acclimatized,  rather  than  plant  new 


192      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES;  AND 

seed  from  abroad.  There  is  but  little  to  add  to  what  lias  already  been 
stated  in  this  report.  Central  Asian  cotton  from  American  seed  will 
never  become  a  competitor  of  American  cotton  in  the  markets  of  the 
world.  Russia  is  endeavoring  in  every  respect  to  become  independ- 
ent of  all  other  countries,  and  hopes  in  time  to  control  absolutely  the 
markets  of  the  East.  The  utmost  effort  on  the  part  of  Russia  wiil  fail 
to  do  more  than  raise  sufficient  cotton  to  supply  her  own  wants,  and  even 
this  very  desirable  result  is  still  a  remote  contingency. 


Cotton  and  its  Culture  in  Central  Asia. 

[Extract  from  a  report  of  Mr.  Kareishi,  an  engineer  sent  by  the  Southwestern 
Railway  to  central  Asia  to  investigate  the  cotton  question.] 

At  the  present  time  the  culture  of  cotton  is  carried  on  in  the  khan- 
ates of  Khiva  and  Bokhara  and  in  the  Turkestan  provinces  of  Samar- 
kand, Fergana,  Sir  Darjinsk,  and  Amu-Darja  section. 

In  central  Asia  and  the  Turkestan  territory  the  culture  of  cotton,  as 
also  all  grain  and  grass  (Burgundian  hay)  is  produced  on  artificially 
irrigated  land,  except  in  the  Fergana  district,  where  a  certain  quantity 
of  wheat  is  sown  under  rain  and  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  In 
Turkestan  the  irrigated  land  used  for  sowing  covers  a  space  of  2,000,000 
desjatins  (equal  to  about  5,500,000  acres).  As  the  culture  of  cotton  in 
the  Turkestan  districts  increases,  so  all  growths  of  grain  decrease; 
this  being  the  case  especially  in  the  SyrDarjan  districts  near  the  town 
Tashkend  and  the  last  few  years  where  the  prices  of  different  grains 
went  up  50  per  cent  higher  than  they  were  previously.  The  increase 
of  prices  of  grain  in  the  Fergana  districts  is  not  yet  felt,  therefore  the 
culture  of  cotton  can  develop.  The  opinion  of  those  experienced  in  the 
cotton  trade  is  that  the  area  of  land  at  present  irrigated  can  produce 
not  over  30  per  cent  more  than  in  the  year  1890.  The  Turkestan  dis- 
trict can  produce  about  1,629,614  poods  of  cleaned  cotton.  Every 
desjatin  (about  2f  acres)  yields  14  poods  (or  504  pounds)  so  the  above 
quantity  can  be  obtained  from  116,401  desjatins  of  irrigated  lands. 
Out  of  the  whole  area  of  land  which  is  irrigated  (that  is,  2,000,000 
desjatins),  only  116,401  desjatins,  or  5.82  per  cent,  can  be  allotted 
to  cotton.  Besides  this  irrigated  land  there  is  in  the  same  district 
also  a  lot  of  fertile  land,  which  is  good  for  the  growth  of  all  grains 
as  well  as  for  cotton,  nevertheless  it  mast  first  be  irrigated,  for 
which  purpose  the  river  Syr  Darja  can  supply  even  more  than  the  re- 
quired quantity  of  water.  In  the  so-called  Hungry  Steppe  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river  Syr  Darja,  between  Tashkend  and  Samarkand,  there 
is  as  much  as  800,000  desjatins  of  land  that  can  be  irrigated,  also  in  the 
Fergana  district  about  250.600  desjatins  out  of  which  30,000  desjatins 
are  within  the  area  of  cotton  culture.  Should  this  land  in  the  Hungry 
Steppe  and  Fergana  district  be  irrigated  up  to  15  per  cent  of  the  whole 
area  that  is,  120,000  desjatins  of  the  Hungry  Steppe  and  the  whole  of 
the  Fergana,  altogther  150,000  desjatins  can  be  used  and  produce 
2,100,000  poods  of  cleaned  cotton. 

Under  these  conditions  Turkestan  alone  can,  in  the  future,  produce 
4,000,000  poods  (or  144,000,000  lbs.)  of  cotton.  In  the  khanate  of 
Bokhara  the  culture  of  cotton,  grain,  and  grass  is  carried  on  on  land 
irrigated  by  the  river  Zaravshan, but  it  cannot  be  used  for  further  irri- 
gation.   The  quantity  of  water  is  so  great  in  the  Amu  Darja  River 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  193 

that  a  few  millions  of  desjatins  of  land  more  could  be  irrigated  from  it. 
If  canals  are  made  to  run  through  a  large  area,  it  is  expected  that 
about  3,000,000  poods  of  cotton  could  be  produced  by  the  khanate  of 
Bokhara.  And  thus  may  cotton  culture  develop  in  the  khanate  of 
Khiva;  also  in  the  trans-Caspian  and  trans-Caucasus  territories,  and 
in  time  the  whole  quantity  of  cotton,  amounting  in  all  to  9,000,01)0  poods, 
which  is  at  present  used  in  the  manufacturing  districts  of  Moscow  and 
Lodz,  will  be  obtained  from  central  Asia,  traus-Caspia  and  trans-Cau- 
casus, so  that  it  would  be  almost  possible  to  do  without  the  cotton 
which  is  brought  from  America  and  Egypt. 

The  usual  time  for  sowing  the  seeds  is  in  the  middle  of  April;  in 
June  the  plants  blossom  and  in  September  the  pods  begin  to  ripen;  then 
the  harvest  begins  and  lasts  till  the  growth  of  the  fibre  is  stopped  by 
frost,  which  begins  at  the  end  of  November,  so  that  the  harvest  lasts 
nearly  three  months. 

The  morning  frosts,  which  generally  commence  at  the  beginning  of 
October,  have  great  influence  upon  the  quality  of  the  fibre  and  seeds. 
The  fibres  which  ripen  before  the  frosts  set  in  are  considered  the  best; 
they  are  more  valued,  and  only  those  seeds  are  good  for  sowing.  A 
great  number  of  pods  on  the  bushes  do  not  ripen  at  all,  consequently 
are  useless.  The  pods  of  the  American  cotton  before  the  final  ripening 
lose  their  green  color,  split,  and  then  the  hard-pressed  cotton  is  to  be 
seen  covering  the  seeds.  Soon  after  this  the  husks  dry  and  turn  from 
light  green  to  brown,  and  the  points  curl  over  till  they  meet,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  the  cotton  and  seeds  become  quite  exposed.  The 
cotton,  which  is  now  quite  ripe,  swells  considerably,  and  is  easily 
gathered  into  sacks  and  baskets.  As  regards  the  pods  of  the  native 
cotton  they  do  not  open,  but  only  turn  brown  and  dry,  therefore  the 
cotton  is  gathered  with  the  husks  together. 

The  further  working  of  the  cotton,  until  it  is  sent  into  the  European- 
Eussian  markets,  consists  only  of  its  being  separated  from  the  husks 
and  seeds  and  pressed.  American  cotton  requires  only  separating  from 
the  seeds,  which  weigh  two-thirds  of  the  weight  of  the  raw  cotton 
taken  out  of  the  pods.  Reckoning  a  desjatin  to  yield  from  42  to  45 
poods,  the  result  is  from  14  to  15  poods  clean  fibre  (or  lint  cotton)  per 
desjatin.  Native  cotton  must  be  separated  from  the  husks  as  well  as 
the  seeds  (a  greater  part  of  which  work  is  done  by  hand),  therefore,  the 
results  are  the  same.  The  process  of  cleaning  is  to  first  separate  the 
husks  from  the  cotton  with  the  crushing  machine  (Gusolomka),  then  to 
clean  the  cotton  from  the  seeds  with  gins.  The  Gusolomka  is  designed 
to  crush  the  husks  only,  and  for  separating  the  fibre  from  them  a 
specially  arranged  feeding  apparatus  is  set  to  the  gins. 

For  cleaning  American  cotton,  the  same  gins  are  used  without  the 
Gusolomka,  and  with  plainer  constructed  feeders. 

To  work  a  gin  with  00  saws.  3  to  4  horse  power  is  required.  In 
24  hours  200  to  240  poods  of  raw  cotton  can  be  cleaned,  that  is,  6 
poods  to  every  saw.  In  this  way  every  gin  works  out  from  70  to 
80  poods  cleaned  cotton  fibre  per  day.  After  this  the  cotton  must  be 
pressed  and  baled  for  export.  This  is  done  by  hand  and  by  hydraulic 
presses.  By  the  hand  press  a  compactness  of  18  to  20  pounds  per 
cubic  foot  can  be  obtained,  and  from  the  hydraulic  from  20  to  22 
pounds,  and  occasionally  24  pounds  per  cubic  foot.  In  Turkestan  and 
Bokhara  there  are  a  great  many  mills  for  cleaning  and  pressing  cotton, 
not  only  in  the  towns,  but  also  in  the  larger  villages,  where  markets  are 
held  for  the  sale  of  cotton. 

For  most  of  the  mills  hydraulic  power  is  used  instead  of  steam,  on 
COT — vol  2 13 


194     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

account  of  its  cheapness,  but  it  is  inconvenient  because  the  water  to 
bring  the  undershot  wheels  and  turbines  into  action  is  taken  from  the 
irrigation  canals,  which  start  from  the  rivers  and  streams  at  the  foot 
of  the  mountains,  the  melting  snow  and  ice  of  which  supply  them  with 
water;  consequently  this  supply  decreases  towards  autumn,  when  the 
ice  and  snow  cease  to  melt  and  just  when  the  cleaning  and  pressing 
begins.  This  has  great  influence  on  the  progress  in  the  working  of  the 
mills.  Besides  this  the  engines  sometimes  suffer  from  the  ice  and 
grease  which  come  into  them,  so  that  the  larger  mills  are  now  arranged 
with  steam  power  instead  of  water. 

To  carry  the  cotton  backward  and  forward  1^  man  is  required  for 
each  gin  at  a  cost  of  30  to  50  copecks  a  day,  or  by  monthly  payment  of 
7  to  15  roubles.  At  the  hand  presses  about  12  men  and  at  the 
hydraulic  4  are  employed  to  each  press.  These  men  are  paid  from 
30  to  50  copecks  per  bale;  their  work  is  to  bring  the  cotton  to  the 
press,  put  it  into  the  boxes,  press  it,  and  pack  into  tare.  The  7-pood 
bales  are  transported  by  camels  and  the  9-pood  bales  by  carts.  All 
bales  are  sewn  into  the  native  cotton  material,  jute  or  ravOnduck;  the 
latter,  which  is  most  used,  is  22  wershok  wide  and  costs  18  copecks  per 
archine.  For  every  bale  4  to  4f  archines  are  required,  making  a  cost  of 
from  72  to  80  copecks  per  bale. 

The  bales  are  hooped  with  iron  bands  or  iron  wire  about  £  inch, 
the  wire  being  more  generally  used.  The  bands  are  used  principally 
for  the  "  Jaroslav  cotton  mills,"  of  Korsinkin  Bros.,  and  arc  dearer' 
than  the  wire,  on  account  of  their  being  sent  back  from  the  mills  to  the 
packers.  The  wire  packing  is  more  used  because  it  is  cheaper  and 
more  convenient.  The  pressing  and  covering  of  each  bale  costs, 
together  with  the  wire,  142  to  166  copecks  (or  $1.07  to  $1.25).  The  press- 
ing mills  charge  for  packing  and  covering  the  bales  without  the  wire  100 
to  120  copecks  (77  to  90  cents)  per  bale,  and  for  pressing  alone  40 
copecks  (30  cents).  For  cleaniug  the  cotton  on  an  average  10  copecks 
is  charged,  and  in  some  places  the  prices  have  fallen  to  5  copecks  per 
pood  (36  lbs.)  raw,  and  with  the  increase  of  lactones  in  the  Fergana 
districts  the  prices  will  probably  come  down  to  3  copecks  (or  2£  cents) 
per  pood.  By  using  more  powerful  presses  in  these  mills,  such  as  could 
press  200  bales  daily,  the  charges  for  pressing  would  be  much  less, 
because  the  work  could  be  done  much  quicker.  IsTow,  we  come  to  the 
question  of  fuel,  which  is  of  great  importance.  As  there  are  no  large 
forests  in  the  country,  wood  is  very  dear.  The  best  and  cheapest  fuel 
is  the  husks  and  seeds  from  the  cotton.  The  seeds  from  the  pods 
untouched  by  the  frosts  are  kept  for  sowing,  therefore  are  very  dear, 
as  are  also  the  seeds  from  native  cotton,  which  are  used  for  pressing 
out  the  oil.  The  American  cotton  seeds  are  no  good  tor  this  purpose, 
because  the  oil  is  bitter.  The  unripe  native  seeds  are  also  no  good  for 
oil,  so  are  used  as  fuel  for  the  steam  boilers  and  for  feeding  cattle. 

From  all  those  places  in  central  Asia,  where  the  Trans-Caspian  Fail- 
way  does  not  extend,  the  transport  of  cotton  and  all  other  goods  is 
effected  by  camels  and  by  two  wheeled  carts.  The  owners  of  these 
camels  arc  Kirgese,  who  camp  in  the  Steppes  between  Tashkend  and 
Orenburg;  therefore,  only  goods  to  Orenburg  and,  principally,  to  Sam- 
arkand from  the  districts  of  Tashkend,  are  transported  by  camels.  In 
the  Fergana  districts,  also  the  Samarkand,  t  here  are  no  Kirgese;  there- 
fore, the  goods  are  transported  by  carts.  One  camel  carries  from  14 
to  15  poods,  which  is  fastened  to  each  side  of  its  hump.  A  cart 
usually  carries  35  to  10  poods, 80  that  a  cart  can  take  live  7-pood  bales, 
or  four  0-pood  bales,  and,  in  exceptional  cases,  even  50  poods.     The 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  195 

peculiarity  of  the  native  custom  is  to  receive  payment  for  all  transports 
in  advance,  for  which  they  undertake  to  deliver  the  goods  from  Tash- 
kend  to  Samarkand  and  hack,  but  in  the  Fergana  districts  they  take 
goods  from  Andijan,  Namangan,  and  New  Magelan  only  as  Far  as 
Kokand,  where  the  "Caucase  &  Mercury,"  ••  Russian,"  and  other  trans- 
porting companies  are  situated.  At  Kokand  the  goods  are  transferred 
to  other  carts  lor  farther  transportation.  From  Fergana  to  Kokand 
the  transport  of  goods  is  effected  with  speed  and  accuracy,  whereas, 
from  Kokand  to  Samarkand  there  is  often  considerable  delay.  The 
reason  of  tin's  is  that  in  autumn,  when  the  transportation  of  cotton 
commences,  the  carriers  take  the  goods  from  the  transport  offices, 
deposit  it  not  far  off,  then  return  or  send  others  for  more.  This  they 
do  several  times,  and  in  the  end  the  goods  are  so  long  delayed  that 
they  never  arrive  at  the  appointed  time,  but  considerably  later.  This 
happens  more  often  when  the  roads  are  spoilt  by  rain.  Consequently, 
the  prices  of  freight  are  raised.  With  the  money  received  in  advance 
some  of  the  carriers  buy  additional  horses  and  carts,  while  others  spec- 
ulate in  cotton.  This  ruse  is  practiced  simply  to  obtain  more  freight 
at  higher  prices.  Even  if  they  are  discovered  nothing  can  be  taken 
from  them,  because  they  have  nothing.  It  is  said  that  the  reason  of 
their  being  able  to  do  this  is  because  the  exporters  never  demand  a 
security  for  the  punctual  transport  of  goods;  but  this  is  not  true, 
because  they  are  not  in  a  position  to  give  a  security.  The  transport  by 
camels  is  carried  on  in  a  more  conscientious  way;  they  seldom  deposit 
the  goods  and  deliver  them  accurately  and  within  the  given  time. 

It  is  already  a  sore  point  with  central  Asia  that  there  is  so  much' 
delay  in  effecting  the  transport  of  the  goods,  although  they  have  from 
the  autumn  till  the  spring,  when  the  navigation  opens,  to  deliver  the 
goods.  What  will  it  be  when  the  railway  traffic  is  opened  and  the 
goods  will  have  to  be  delivered  within  a  specified  time.  The  trans- 
portation of  goods  in  the  Turkestan  districts  by  horses  within  a  given 
time  is  quite  out  of  the  question.  It  could,  perhaps,  be  improved  if 
the  carriers  could  be  controlled,  in  certain  parts,  to  prevent  their 
depositing  goods  on  the  way. 

To  understand  clearly  the  state  of  the  cotton  trade  in  central  Asia 
at  the  present  time  one  must  bear  in  mind  that  there  are  scarcely  any 
large  plantations.  Those  plantations  covering  an  area  of  100  desjatins, 
and  most  of  those  which  cover  only  10  desjatins,  belong  to  the 
Jaroslav  Cotton  Mills,  Kamensky  Bros.,  Kudrin,  and  some  other 
Russian  proprietors  near  Tashkend  and  in  Fergana,  but  those  planta- 
tions are  of  no  consideration  whatever  when  compared  with  the  whole 
area  of  cotton  plantations.  Nearly  all  the  other  plantations  are  not 
larger  than  1  and  half  a  desjatin  and  are  worked  exclusively  by 
natives  andKiigese.  Small  owners  bring  their  cotton  to  the  market, 
where  it  is  bought  up  by  small  brokers  or  by  the  manufacturers' 
agents  and  commissioners.  That  the  native  brokers  are  not  large 
buyers  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  the  Jaroslav  factory  buys  yearly  as 
much  as  50,000  poods  raw  cotton  from  150  different  brokers. 

Most  of  the  cotton  at  the  market  is  bought  for  ready  money,  but  3 
kinds  of  advancement  are  also  practiced  in  this  trade.  The  first  is 
loans  on  the  sowing:  this  is  done  in  spring,  when  the  sowing  of  the 
cotton  begins:  they  have  to  pay  land  taxes  and  are  in  want  of  money; 
then  the  manufacturers'  agents  and  other  firms  advance  money  on  the 
future  crop;  the  prices  they  either  arrange  beforehand  or  go  according 
to  the  market  prices,  deducting  from  (J  to  7  per  cent  per  annum  for  the 
loan.    The  lenders  often  get  cheated  by  the  plantation  owners,  esj)e- 


196     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

cially  if  the  price  of  the  cotton  is  fixed  beforehand  (which  is  always 
lower  than  the  market  price),  the  owners  delivering  them  the  last  and 
not  the  first  and  best  crops.  The  second  kind  of  loan  is  giving  money 
on  cotton  which  is  already  given  in  commission  to  trading  or  transport 
houses;  the  percentage  on  snch  advances  is  usually  6  per  cent  per 
annum.  The  third  kind  of  loan  is  to  advance  money  on  its  receipt, 
upon  cotton  received  from  the  transport  office,  also  at  6  per  cent  per 
annum. 

Generally  speaking  the  number  of  loans  given  on  these  conditions  is 
not  large,  as  the  native  administration  does  not  sympathize  with  the 
two  last,  but  only  with  the  first  loan,  which  relieves  the  planter's  posi- 
tion. As  regards  the  second  and  third  kind  of  loan,  they  are  only 
tolerated  because  the  brokers  profit  by  them.  The  cotton  which  is 
bought  in  the  market  by  manufacturers'  agents,  commissioners,  and 
brokers  goes  to  the  mills  to  be  cleaned  and  pressed,  or  to  be  pressed 
only,  and  is  afterwards  delivered  to  those  centres  where  various  trans- 
port offices  are  situated,  they  undertaking  to  send  it  to  the  European 
Russian  markets.  The  principal  companies  are  "Caucase  &  Merkury," 
11  Rossiskoje,"  and  "  Nadeskda,"  from  which  Caucase  &  Merkury  trans- 
acts the  largest  business. 

The  central  offices  of  these  companies  are  in  Tashkend  for  district  Sir 
Darja  and  Kokand  for  Fergana  districts;  in  Samarkand  for  Samarkand 
district  for  Bokhara,  at  the  station  and  in  the  town  Bokhara  and  at 
the  station  Amu  Darja,  or  in  the  Russian  town  Tshardshui.  Such 
centres  of  the  cotton  trade  as  Andijan  and  Namangan  have  no  offices 
of  transport.  The  cotton  of  these  towns  is  sent  to  Kokand  and  from 
thence  to  European  Russia.  The  cotton  sent  to  Russia  is  usually 
bought  by  the  Moscow  and  Lodz  manufacturers,  or  given  in  commis- 
sion to  one  of  the  transport  offices  or  trading  houses.  It  is  difficult  to 
state  how  much  cotton  is  bought  in  central  Asia  or  sent  on  commis- 
sion. It  is  considered  by  some  that  50  per  cent  and  by  others  30  per 
cent  of  all  the  cotton  exported  by  central  Asia  is  given  on  commission 


Experience  in  Turkestan  of  an  American  Cotton  Planter. 

[Extracts  from  letters  from  John  S.  Scott,  a  practical  cotton  planter  of  South 
Carolina,  who  had  the  management  of  several  cotton  farms  near  Samarkand, 
Turkestan.] 

The  native  cotton  of  Turkestan  we  are  compelled  to  believe  is  of 
Indian  origin.  The  bolls  do  not  open,  only  become  cracked,  a  con- 
dition we  believe  induced  by  long  years  of  a  mistaken  system  of  cul- 
ture. The  staple  of  the  native  cotton  is  inferior,  being  from  g  to  f  of 
an  inch  in  length. 

Neither  Sea  Island  nor  Egyptian  cotton  can  be  profitably  cultivated 
here. 

Several  varieties  of  American  upland  have  been  successfully  tried. 
They  mature  well,  and  so  far  as  we  could  observe,  without  degenera- 
tion, when  properly  cultivated. 

No  fertilizers  are  used. 

The  yield  is  from  six  to  eight  hundred  pounds  per  acre  of  seed  cot- 
ton, or  something  less  than  one-third  of  this  of  lint  cotton. 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  the  cost  of  production  with  so  many  vari- 
able factors,  as  irrigation  and  the  different  modes  of  culture.  On  a 
venture,  say,  about  4  to  5  cents  per  pound  of  lint  cotton. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  191 

Cotton  is  most  carefully  pressed  and  covered,  in  bales  of  250  or  30C 
pounds. 

The  staple  of  cotton  from  American  seed  compares  very  favorably 
with  our  own  raising,  if  properly  handled. 

The  use  of  American  seed  is  annually  increasing. 

The  merchants  advance  so  much  per  acre  to  the  native  farmers,  they 
stipulating  to  deliver  their  cotton  crops;  a  profitable  business  to  the 
former  and  an  inducement  to  the  latter,  which  stimulates  production. 

With  regard  to  the  experimental  efforts  of  the  Russian  Government, 
we  may  look  for  little  practical  good,  unless  placed  on  a  different  basis 

The  expected  increased  acreage  in  the  province  of  Merv  from  the 
irrigation  works  on  the  Murgab  we  feel  sure  will  prove  a  delusion. 
Whatever  Mater  is  carried  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  province  is  so 
much  taken  from  the  western.  There  is  not  a  sufficiency  of  water.  The 
irrigation  works  have  already  exceeded  the  calculated  cost  by  100  per 
cent  and  are  far  from  completion. 

The  decline  in  prices  would  certainly  tend  to  check  cotton  culture  in 

Asia. 

*  *  #  *  #  #  # 

When  I  went  to  Asia  I  found  the  impression  general  that  American 
cotton  would  degenerate  after  a  succession  of  plantings;  but  so  far 
as  my  own  observations  extended,  this  view  was  not  corroborated, 
though  I  saw  no  cotton  grow  from  American  seed  which  had  been 
planted  more  than  three  years.  We  sent  some  samples  to  Liverpool 
which  were  classed  "strict  middling." 

Bear  in  mind  there  is  no  rainfall  to  injure  the  staple.  I  feel  confi- 
dent that  degeneracy  in  the  cotton  is  more  the  result  of  the  manner  of 
cultivation  than  from  climatic  influences.  Our  farms  were  twenty 
miles  north  of  Samarkand  and  one  mile  east  of  Tshellak. 


The  Cultivation  of  Cotton,  Ramie,  and  Jute  in  Turkestan. 

The  following  statements  of  interest  are  taken  from  the  "Textile 
Mercury,"  of  Manchester,  England,  December  24,  1892: 

RUSSO- ASIATIC  COTTON. 

The  exhibition  held  at  Moscow  not  long  since  included  a  stand  illus- 
trating the  experimental  station  for  the  growth  of  cotton  which  was 
established  in  the  environs  of  Tashkend  by  the  governor-general. 
Rosenbach.  who.  having  set  himself  the  task  of  developing  the  cultiva- 
tion of  American  cotton  in  Turkestan,  had  devoted  especial  attention 
to  the  conditions  of  growth  of  this  cotton  under  the  climate  of  central 
Asia,  so  as  to  be  able  to  supply  local  planters  with  the  information 
which  they  might  need.  At  present,  thanks  to  the  experiments  and 
observations  of  Mr.  Wilkins,  the  questions  are  quite  answered,  and  the 
chief  results  arrived  at,  so  far  as  Turkestan  is  concerned,  may  be 
summed  up  as  follows: 

(a)  The  best  results  are  obtained  by  cultivating  cotton  in  rows. 

(b)  Excessive  irrigation  promotes  the  growth  of  the  plant,  and  causes 
abundant  flowering,  but  delays  the  ripening  of  the  pod,  and  may  some- 
times diminish  the  yield  of  filaments. 


198     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

(c)  The  most  favorable  season  for  the  sowing  of  cotton  in  Turkestan 
is  towards  the  middle  of  April,  when  the  red  poppies  are  beginning  to 
flower. 

(d)  The  qualities  that  are  superior  in  point  of  length,  fineness,  and 
silkiness  of  filament,  such  as  the  sea  island,  do  not  succeed  in  Turke- 
stan, as  they  do  not  come  to  maturity:  but  the  class  designated  upland 
or  Georgia  short-silks  succeed  perfectly,  with  the  exception  of  the  sort 
known  as  Peterkin.  In  the  district  of  Ferghana  different  sorts  of 
"upland"  are  cultivated  on  a  large  scale. 

(e)  The  average  crop  of  upland  in  soil  that  does  not  require  manure 
amounts  from  230  to  260  kilos  per  hectare.  In  the  districts  of  Kod- 
sehent  and  Ferghana  the  crop  is  even  superior. 

(/)  With  rational  methods  of  cultivation  the  filaments  of  the  indig- 
enous Asiatic  cottons  {gossypinm  hcrbaceum  L.)  can  be  improved  and 
a  little  lengthened.  Planters  hope  that  some  day  the  products  of  their 
skill  may  rival  those  of  the  American  upland.  This,  however,  it  is 
added,  appears  at  present  rather  problematical. 

THE   APOCYNEE  FIBRE. 

The  authorities  of  the  experimental  station  of  Turkestan  have  thought 
that  it  might  be  of  advantage  to  the  country  to  enlarge  the  sphere  of 
their  researches  by  studying  the  ways  of  improving  the  cultivation  of 
native  plants  by  the  use  of  more  rational  methods,  and  also  to  seek  to 
acclimatize  the  exotic  plants  of  which  the  cultivation  seems  at  least 
theoretically  possible.  Among  the  samples  of  local  flora  is  a  plant 
which  has  interest  for  textile  manufacturers.  This  is  the  Apocynee  of 
Siberia,  the  filaments  of  which  possess  remarkable  durability  and 
solidity.  The  natives  of  the  Amu  Daria  make  fishing  nets  of  it,  which 
scarcely  ever  wear  out  and  which  exhibit  a  very  fine  and  silky  thread. 
This  plant  shoots  up  very  irregularly  in  places,  very  far  apart,  and 
therefore  has  thus  far  not  been  able  to  acquire  any  commercial  impor- 
tance. The  efforts  of  the  experimental  station  have  lasted  four  years, 
and  have  shown  that  the  cost  involved  in  a  rational  method  of  culture 
would  have  no  chance  of  being  covered  by  the  profits.  It  would  seem 
from  this  that  there  is  little  or  no  probability  of  this  new  textile  plant 
ever  making  much  noise  in  the  world. 

RAMTE  AND  JUTE   GROWING  IN   TURKESTAN. 

Experiments  are  also  being  made  in  Turkestan  in  order  to  ascertain 
whether  the  culture  of  ramie  in  that  part  of  the  world  could  be  made 
remunerative.  Thus  far  the  result  arrived  at  may  be  briefly  stated  as 
follows:  It  seems  to  be  proved  that  with  seasonable  sowing  and  good 
conditions  of  cultivation  the  ramie  stalks  might  attain  the  height  of 
1.7()  metres  in  one  summer.  The  winters,  even  when  severe,  do  not 
seem  to  exercise  any  injurious  influence  on  a  plant  two  years  old,  but 
an-  hurtful  to  those  which  arc  only  one  year  old.  Reproduction  by  the 
subdivision  of  the.  old  dried-up  branches  succeeds  perfectly.  The  first 
gathering  of  stalks  may  take  place  as  early  as  the  end  of  July  when 
the  spring  has  been  hot:  but  the  question  of  the  possibility  of  a  sec- 
ond crop,  on  which  of  course  the  economic  future  of  this  plant  in  Tur- 
kestan entirely  depends, has  not  yet  been  definitely  settled.  The  solu- 
tion may  be  considered  negative  for  Tashkent,  which  lies  under  41°  N. 
latitude,  and  affirmative  for  Merv,  the  latitude  of  which  is  39°  JS. 
Down  to  the  present  time  only  one  Russian  manufacturer  has  taken  a 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  190 

serious  interest  in  the  future  of  raniie,  the  others  preferring  to  watch 
and  wait.  In  this  connection  it  is  of  interest  to  know  that  experiments 
have  also  been  made  in  regard  to  the  possibility  of  growing  jute  with 
success  in  Turkestan,  but  thus  far  they  have  not  been  conducted  on  a 
sufficiently  complete  scale  for  it  to  be  possible  to  arrive  at  a  decisive 
judgment  on  the  subject.  Still,  it  would  seem  by  no  means  probable 
that  this  plant  will  succeed  in  that  country. 


Cotton  Culture  in  Russia. 

The  following  extracts  are  from  the  address  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Scott,  of 
Mars  Bluff,  before  the  South  Carolina  State  Agricultural  and  Mechani- 
cal Society,  at  its  recent  meeting  in  Orangeburg,  S.  C. : 

I  can  give  only  a  few  of  the  most  salient  features  of  cotton  produc- 
tion in  central  Asia.  This  country  lies  east  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and 
is  some  1,800  miles  from  east  to  west  and  700  miles  from  north  to 
south.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  it  is  a  waste  of  desert  sands  or 
arid  mountainous  hills,  with  only  strips  of  territory  along  the  rivers 
that  can  be  devoted  to  agriculture.  If  all  these  cultivable  sections 
could  be  placed  into  a  contiguous  territory  perhaps  an  area  as  large  as 
North  Carolina  might  be  obtained.  That  portion  which  is  adapted  to 
the  raising  of  cotton  lies  between  the  38th  and  44th  parallels  of  latitude. 
When  the  dense  population  and  its  remoteness  from  any  land  from 
which  grain  for  their  maintenance  is  considered,  we  see  the  necessity 
of  raising  their  supplies  at  home.  So  that  of  this  small  territory 
much  the  greater  part  must  necessarily  be  devoted  to  cereals. 

After  the  Russian  occupation,  some  twenty  years  ago,  the  spinners 
of  Moscow,  anxious  to  obviate  the  costs,  charges,  and  delay  in  pro- 
curing American  cotton,  became  impressed  with  the  idea  of  raising 
their  own.  and  great  efforts  are  making  for  the  achievement  of  such 
a  consummation. 

THE   SOIL. 

The  country  of  central  Asia  is  a  great  table-land.  Geologists  claim 
that  it  formed  once  a  part  of  the  great  Northern  Sea,  of  which  only  the 
Caspian  Sea  remains,  and  this  is  below  the  sea  level.  The  soil  is  of  the 
best  quality,  of  alluvial  formation;  it  varies  in  color  from  a  dark  to 
bright  yellow,  and  is  devoid  of  granitic  sand.  In  the  silt  of  the  rivers 
and  the  desert  sands  would  appear  to  be  sand,  but  it  is  not  granitic 
sand.  An  analysis  made  by  a  Russian  chemist  some  years  since  gives 
an  unusual  amount  of  phosphoric  acid,  lime,  and  nitre  in  its  composi- 
tion, and  proves  it  to  be  of  the  highest  order  of  productive  lands.  The 
whole  is  formed  of  decomposed  rock. 

In  traveling  through  the  mountains  during  the  winter  you  will 
observe  the  rocks  peeling  off  from  the  freezes,  resulting  at  times  in 
great  landslides,  which  commence  high  up,  the  mass  gathering  iu  vol- 
ume as  it  approaches  the  bottom.  These  deposits  are  incorporated 
with  the  decaying  vegetation,  and  washed  further  on  by  the  water 
streams  as  the  sun  melts  the  snows  in  spring  and  summer.  Carried 
down  with  the  rivers  where  irrigation  is  established,  much  of  it  is 
deposited  on  the  lands  under  cultivation.  After  the  subsidence  of  the 
wafer  from  lands  where  it  lias  been  for  any  time  standing,  particularly 
in  summer,  the  soil  in  drying  breaks  into  great  cracks,  into  which  a 


200     COTTON  CULTUKE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

stick  four  feet  long  may  be  dropped  its  full  length.  Sucli  soils  then 
become  like  a  brick.  One  acquainted  with  agricultural  methods  will 
readily  perceive  the  difficulties  that  await  the  tiller  of  such  lands.  In 
places  the  same  character  of  soil  continues  several  feet  deep;  at  others 
we  find  a  substratum  of  yellow,  waxy  clay. 

IRRIGATION. 

There  is  seldom  any  rainfall  from  the  10th  of  April  to  the  1st  of 
November,  but  every  day  does  the  sun  come  out  in  splendor  to  warm 
the  earth.  The  needed  moisture  is  supplied  for  the  growing-  crops  from 
the  rivers  by  irrigating  canals.  This  is  rendered  possible  by  the  fall 
in  all  of  the  rivers  except  the  Amu-Darya  or  Oxus,  which  has  so  little 
that  only  a  limited  extent  of  country  immediately  contiguous  is 
brought  under  cultivation.  From  these  falls  in  the  rivers  great  canals 
lead  off  the  water — some  of  them  from  fifty  to  eighty  miles  long — and 
from  these,  at  convenient  intervals,  smaller  canals  draw  off  water  suf- 
ficient for  the  adjoining  fields,  so  that  all  the  people  living  along  the 
line  of  any  of  these  canals  are  interested  in  its  maintenance  and  the 
proper  distribution  of  its  waters.  For  this  purpose  the  country  is 
divided  into  districts,  and  each  district  has  a  supervisor  or  aksokol, 
who  is  supposed  to  make  inspection  and  who  requires  all  concerned,  at 
stated  intervals  to  do  duty  in  the  making  or  repairing  of  all  such  water 
ways.  All  of  these  district  aksokols  make  reports  to  the  aksokol  in 
chief.  Many  of  these  canals  that  have  been  dug  long  before  the  mem- 
ory of  man  have  so  well  adapted  themselves  to  the  nature  of  the  sur- 
roundings by  their  deflexions  and  circumflexions  as  to  appear  natural 
streams.  Long  years  have  worn  away  and  levelled  the  banks,  trees 
have  taken  root  and  grown  there,  and  you  are  loath  to  believe  that  they 
were  artificially  made. 

In  passing  over  many  of  these  great  canals,  some  of  them  thirty  to 
forty  feet  wide,  that  cross  great  stretches  of  steppe  land,  where  it  was 
necessary  to  cut  through  the  soil  at  great  depth  and  for  long  distances, 
you  are  led  to  wonder  how  it  could  be  accomplished  with  their  limited 
appliances,  totally  unadapted  to  such  great  enterprises.  In  such  lands, 
too  high  for  ordinary  irrigation,  you  sometimes  find  great  wheels  set  in 
the  water.  On  the  perimeter  are  secured  buckets,  which,  filling  as  the 
wheel  moves  over,  on  coming  up  empty  themselves  into  a  trough  arranged 
so  as  to  receive  the  water,  which  is  thus  conveyed  to  the  adjacent  fields. 
The  whole  contrivance  is  quite  inexpensive  and  effective.  From  these 
great  canals  or  arveks  the  water  is  led  off  into  smaller  and  then  subdi- 
vided into  still  smaller  ones,  which  conduct  the  water  through  the 
different  farms.  These  farms  are  divided  for  purposes  of  their  irriga- 
tion into  half-acre  lots  or  tanaps  (which  is  a  land  measure).  Around 
each  tanap  walls  of  earth  are  erected.  This  is  done  for  convenience, 
as  the  water  is  flowed  upon  each  tanap  in  regular  succession,  and  as 
each  lias  had  its  quota  it  is  passed  on  to  the  next  and  so  on. 

In  making  these  divisions  attention  is  had  to  having  the  lauds  as 
nearly  level  as  possible.  Otherwise  the  opposite  sides  of  a  field  would 
get  disproportionate  quantities  of  water.  It  was  often  surprising  to 
me  to  see  how  accurately  with  the  naked  eye  these  Sarte  irrigators 
could  detect  any  slight  difference  in  the  level.  They  use  no  instru- 
ments at  all,  and  after  explaining  what  we  wanted  done,  soon  had  our 
chief  irrigator  to  lay  off"  rows  as  they  were  wanted,  and  not  in  a  single 
instance  did  he  fail. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  201 

The  English  consul  to  Persia  told  me  with  what  skill  the  natives  there 
dug  through  hills,  making  a  small  hole  simply  to  admit  their  bodies 
and  thus  unerringly  convey  water  through  these  to  distant  points. 
The  whole  is  done  without  any  measuring  instruments  whatever.  We 
might  say  in  general  terms  there  is  not  a  sufficiency  of  water  even  if 
every  drop  was  utilized. 

UNAVAILABLE    WATER. 

There  is  truly  an  immense  volume  of  water  in  the  Amu-Darya,  but 
scarcely  any  otitis  available  without  incurring  expense  not  commen- 
surate with  reasonable  return  of  profit.  Of  the  Murgab  we  have  already 
spoken.  Its  waters  are  not  equal  to  the  demand.  The  Russian  Gov- 
ernment has  undertaken  to  reestablish  at  Sultan  Bend  the  irrigation 
works  which  conducted  the  waters  of  the  Murgab  centuries  ago  to  the 
eastern  part  of  the  Merv  oasis.  These  works  were  totally  destroyed  in 
1784  by  the  Persians.  Previous  to  that  time  Merv  was  called  the 
granary  of  the  country  of  central  Asia.  My  owu  observations  care- 
fully made  convince  me  the  effort  will  be  futile.  There  is  not  sufficient 
water  to  increase  to  any  great  extent  the  area  of  cultivable  lands. 

The  Zarafshan,  for  various  reasons,  loses  a  great  part  of  its  water, 
so  that  much  valuable  land  of  the  province  of  Bokhara  is  left  without 
a  sufficient  supply.  None  of  it  is  sufficiently  supplied  with  as  much  as 
good  tilth  demands. 

The  great  Syr-Darya,  filled,  as  all  the  others  are,  with  valuable 
fertilizing  matters  and  salts  in  solution,  empties  most  of  its  waters  into 
the  Aral  Sea.  Very  little  is  economized.  Some  years  since  the  Russian 
Government's  agents  commenced  work  on  a  canal  from  the  falls  of  the 
river  near  Kodjent.  The  work  was  under  charge  of  Count  Orlanoff. 
The  canal  was  extended  for  some  five  miles,  and  is  admirably  finished 
off  for  this  distance.  The  project  fell  through  for  want  of  means.  On 
reaching  the  foothills  of  the  steppe  the  discovery  was  made  that  it  would 
require  several  millions  more  than  had  been  provided  for  to  complete 
the  undertaking,  and  the  work  had  to  be  suspended,  as  the  last  rouble 
had  been  expended. 

ANCIENT   AGRICULTURAL   IMPLEMENTS. 

Their  plough  is  a  remarkable  one,  the  same,  no  doubt,  that  was  used 
by  the  men  of  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Jacob.  Sometimes  only  a  forked 
limb  of  a  tree,  one  limb  of  which  is  left  long  enough  to  rest  upon  the 
yoke  of  the  oxen.  But  the  plough  most  in  use  is  a  block  of  mulberry 
about  four  feet  long,  the  front  edges  bevelled  off.  In  the  centre  of  this 
a  mortise  admits  the  beam  which  works  upon  the  necks  of  the  oxen.  A 
small  wooden  brace  is  inserted  on  the  top  instead  of  below,  and  a  rude 
share  of  iron  points  the  plough,  A  turn  plough  is  unknown.  Oxen 
are  used  almost  exclusively  for  ploughing.  Seldom  do  you  see  horses 
pulling  a  plough.  They  do  not  understand  how  to  gear  them.  In  Asia 
generally  a  pair  of  oxen  are  fastened  to  each  plough. 

MANURES. 

In  the  Caucasus  country  no  attention  is  paid  to  saving  of  manures. 
It  is  either  thrown  away  or  used  as  fuel.  In  Turkestan  it  is  thrown 
into  great  holes  and  left  for  two  or  three  years  to  rot,  when  it  is  used 
generally  for  their  sorghum.    On  the  steppe  it  is  used  for  fuel.    I  have 


202     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

seen  the  women  with  bags  walking  about  and  gathering  it  up.  It  is 
their  only  fuel,  and  to  pass  their  settlements  in  the  evening  when  the 
meals  are  being  prepared  is  to  inhale  an  atmosphere  peculiarly  its  own. 

CULTIVATION,  ETC. 

In  preparing  their  lands  for  planting  they  are  first  ploughed,  then 
cross  ploughed;  but  even  then  the  lands  are  imperfectly  broken.  It 
could  not  be  expected  of  such  a  plough  as  they  use. 

In  planting  cotton  the  seeds  are  sowed  broadcast  at  the  rate  of  about 
two  bushels  to  the  acre  and  harrowed  in,  then  smoothed  off.  Should 
a  late  rain  occur  afterwards  it  necessitates  a  replanting,  or  it  must  at 
least  be  harrowed  over  to  break  the  crust,  which  forbids  the  cotton 
coming  through.  This  planting  of  cotton  is  from  the  5th  to  the  last  of 
April.  When  plants  are  4  or  6  weeks  old  the  ground  is  chopped  over 
with  hoes,  cutting  out  the  weeds  and  thinning  the  cotton  if  it  is  too 
thick.  It  is  then  freely  watered,  and  as  necessity  arises  the  same  proc- 
ess is  repeated  till  the  plant  is  in  bloom,  when  all  work  stops.  In 
such  sections  as  are  very  scarce  of  water  and  where  they  are  entitled 
perhaps  to  draw  off  water  upon  their  fields  only  twice  during  the  grow- 
ing season,  they  will  deluge  the  cotton  with  water  even  when  it  is  of 
great  size.  The  result  is  serious  damage.  Should  American  cotton  be 
treated  so  it  would  be  indeed  fatal.  The  native  cotton  is,  perhaps, 
more  hardy  or  has  become  inured  to  such  treatment.  The  bolls  do  not 
open,  but  become  simply  cracked. 

In  October  and  November  the  women  and  children  with  baskets  pick 
the  bolls  off.  This  cotton  in  the  bolls  is  called  gouza,  and  you  fre- 
quently find  it  offered  for  sale  in  the  bazaars  in  this  shape.  It  is  car- 
ried to  their  homes,  and  there  the  cotton  is  pulled  from  the  burrs,  a 
tedious  process.  It  is  then  prepared  for  market  by  being  run  through 
a  small  pair  of  rollers  of  wood,  which,  moving  in  opposite  directions, 
press  or  squeeze  out  the  seed,  and  the  fibre  passes  through.  This  roller 
machine  is  a  very  small  affair  of  about  eighteen  inches  long,  and  is 
handled  by  two  men  one  who  holds  it  in  place  and  turns  the  handle, 
while  the  other  feeds  in  the  cotton.  These  two  men  thus  employed  can 
put  out  from  five  to  six  pounds  of  cotton  per  day.  The  fibre  is  not  so 
strong  as  American,  nor  is  it  so  smooth,  and  much  shorter  staple.  It 
is  put  up  in  long  bales,  and  much  of  it  is  injured  by  careless  handling. 
This  cotton  has  been  planted  here  for  long  years,  and  enters  largely 
into  domestic  uses.  My  inquiries  as  to  whence  it  came  were  fruitless. 
In  many  respects  it  is  like  the  native  cotton  of  India. 

The  Russian  planters  had  begun  importing  American  cotton  seedabout 
1885,  and  the  results  have  been  very  satisfactory.  Several  Eussian 
firms  are  planting  cotton  plantations  in  American  seed,  and  with  some 
degree  of  success.  Their  manner  of  culture  is  an  improvement  on  the 
Sarte  or  native.it  being  planted  in  beds,  but  in  such  decidedly  serpen- 
tine rows  as  posit  ively  to  deny  the  use  of  ploughs;  and  the  culture  being 
dependent  entirely  on  hoe  work  makes  it  too  expensive.  They  could 
water  in  between  the  rows  without  Hooding  the  cotton,  but  have  at  once 
to  follow-over  and  chop  up  the  ground  with  these  heavy  hoes,  scarcely  a 
half  acre  per  day  lor  each  laborer  being  accomplished.  The  system  is 
expensive,  but  the  native  irrigators  insisted  it  is  the  only  way  it  could 
be  done.  We  attempted  straight  rows.  We  planted  two  rows  of  cot- 
ton for  each  alleyway  for  water,  or  say  a  double  bed.  The  applying 
water  to  the  land  is  a  matter  of  great  expense.  It  is  necessarily  slow, 
and  so  its  application  has  to  be  made  with  an  eye  to  economy.    There 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  203 

was  between  three  and  a  half  to  four  feet  between  the  rows.  One  alley 
was  for  irrigating,  the  oilier,  or  alternate  row.  we  could  plough,  which 
reduced  the  hoeing  to  a  minimum. 

There  are  a  number  of  American  cotton  sins  at  work,  the  Pratt  and 
Eagle  being  the  mosi  commonly  found;  also  Fairbank's  scales.  .Most 
of  these  gins  are  run  by  water  power  from  the  canals.  Small  presses 
are  used,  of  double  revolving  pattern,  and  the  cotton  is  pressed  into 
bales  weighing  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds.  None  of  the  gin- 
neries are  models  of  convenience  or  for  utilizing  the  labor.  The  bales 
are  most  carefully  and  well  pressed,  and  thoroughly  covered  with  either 
a  coarse  (lax  or  woolen  cloth.  The  quality  of  the  cotton  from  Ameri- 
can seed  is  good  and.  lor  the  most  part,  beingpicked  without  rainfall, 
is  bright  and  clean.  The  yield  per  acre  is  from  six  hundred  to  one 
thousand  pounds  of  seed  cotton.  The  best  yield  on  our  farm  was  nine 
hundred  pounds. 

COTTON    SEED. 

Heretofore  the  cotton  seed  has  been  allowed  to  go  to  waste,  except  a 
very  small  quantity  used  by  the  natives  for  making  oil.  It  would  be  a 
very  difficult  matter  to  describe  a  Sarte  cottonseed  oil  mill.  A  rude 
receptacle  or  sort  of  mortar  holds  the  seed.  A  heavy  beam  of  wood, 
placed  at  an  angle  of  forty-live  degrees,  is  secured  to  the  lever,  to 
which  a  horse  is  fastened.  The  horse,  moving  around,  presses  the  butt 
end  of  the  log  against  the  sides  of  the  mortar.  Thus  the  seeds,  with 
all  the  lint  and  hulls  attaching,  are  pressed  into  a  most  unpresentable 
mass,  from  which  the  oil  is  pressed  out.  and  the  residuum  or  cake  is  fed 
to  oxen,  none  of  it  being  first-class  stuff. 

CLIMATE. 

Each  of  the  provinces  of  central  Asia  possesses  a  different  climate. 
In  1881-'83  meteorological  observations  were  made,  which  showed  the 
greatest  extremes  between  the  win!  er  and  summer  months  to  be  from  12 
below  zero  in  winter  to  !<»•">  in  summer.  The  temperature  of  Merv,  on 
the  38°  of  latitude,  is  from  <;<P  to  80°  in  spring  and  from  90°  to  110°  in 
summer,  and,  being  less  subject  to  variation,  is  the  best  for  cotton. 

FUTURE   PROSPECTS. 

Now,  I  do  not  believe  t]\v  area  sufficiently  large  ever  to  make  cotton 
a  matter  of  export,  bul  that  it  ought  to  a  certain  extent  supply  the 
home  demand  is  a  question  that  can  be  affirmatively  answered,  when 
under  proper  conditions  of  management,  with  the  fostering  care  of  the 
Russian  Government  extended  to  further  the  enterprise  till  well  estab- 
lished. If  1  am  correctly  informed  by  the  facilities  afforded  me.  last 
year  Russian  spinners  used  some  400,000,000  pounds  of  cotton,  of 
this  amount  only  some  70,000,000  pounds  came  from  central  Asia 
This  is  far  short  certainly  of  the  capacity  for  supply  of  the  central 
Asian  provinces.  There  are  valuable  lands  to  the  west  and  south  of 
Tashkent,  but  owing  to  their  proximity  to  the  mountains  the  seasons 
are  too  short  for  cotton  to  make  full  development.  There  are  line  lands 
in  Fergana,  fully  complying  with  all  the  demands  and  well  adapted  to 
cotton,  but  these  hinds  are  greatly  in  demand  for  growing  cereals,  and 
are  not  in  the  market  for  sale  or  rent.  At  present  they  arc  carelessly 
worked,  much  of  them  without  irrigation,  and  fall  far  short  of  a  full 
development  of  possible  production.    In  all  the  sections  there  would 


204     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

seem  to  be  a  sufficiency  of  labor,  but  they  are  for  the  most  part  idle 
and  unemployed,  and  when  engaged  too  frequently  work  under  such 
unfavorable  conditions  that  much  of  their  effort,  by  using  tools  unde- 
serving the  name,  is  lost.  The  Sartes  constitute  a  good  class  of  labor, 
and  under  good  directions  can  be  made  a  very  efficient  force  for  work. 

The  attempts  made  with  Egyptian  and  sea-island  cotton  seed  have 
naturally  been  most  disappointing,  the  very  necessary  conditions  of  a 
salt  atmosphere  being  absent  for  maturing  the  fruit.  My  own  obser- 
vations for  the  present  year  incline  me  to  the  opinion  that  under  all 
conditions  of  treatment  American  cotton  returns  a  larger  yield  than 
cotton  from  the  native  seed.  Imported  seed  do  not  come  to  maturity 
as  soon  as  cotton  that  has  been  planted  here  for  two  or  three  years 
from  American  seed.  This  may  be  due  to  some  fortuitous  condition 
of  the  present  year,  but  I  incline  to  the  opinion  there  is  something  in 
the  atmospheric  conditions  producing  such  results.  The  native  or 
Sarte  cotton  does  not  open  its  bolls.  This  is  not  a  natural  condition,  and 
I  feel  assured  is  the  result  of  a  system  of  cultivation  long  persevered  in 
tnat  has  established  this  distinct  type  of  cotton  either  here  or  in  its 
native  home. 

The  lands  along  the  Syr-Darya  and  Zarafshan  are  more  fertile  and 
productive,  but  in  matter  of  temperature  the  Merv  excels.  Yet  it  is  to 
be  feared  that  the  water  supply  there  will  be  disappointing  even  with 
the  efforts  being  made  at  Sultan  Bend.  The  want  of  atmospheric 
moisture  is  a  difficulty  that  seriously  affects  the  full  development  of 
the  bolls,  and  consequently  the  length  and  strength  of  the  fibre.  An 
improved  system  of  irrigation  will  at  least  to  a  certain  extent  modify 
this. 

Irrigation  is  the  important  question  upon  which  all  others  depend. 
That  immense  areas  of  country  lie  waste,  and  that  great  streams  of 
water  are  contiguous,  their  waters,  with  treasures  of  wealth  in  the 
shape  of  rich  mineral  matters  in  solution  running  idly  to  sea,  are  undis- 
puted questions.  It  is  generally  conceded  that  the  Hungry  steppe, 
which  contains  much  valuable  land,  can  be  irrigated,  and  there  is 
enough  waste  water  in  the  Syr-Darya  and  its  tributaries  to  do  it.  The 
waters  of  the  Zarafshan  extend  themselves  over  a  large  waste  of  land 
and  subject  at  every  flood  to  a  change  of  its  course,  very  frequently 
washing  away  valuable  arable  lands,  cutting  its  way  into  many  small 
currents,  and  thus  spread  out,  a  large  proportion  of  its  water  is  lost 
by  absorption  into  the  soil  or  by  evaporation.  This  river  might  by 
judicious  deepening  and  straightening  of  its  channel  be  made  to  fur- 
nish one-third  more  water  for  irrigating  purposes,  and  largely  increase 
the  area  for  cultivation  with  consequent  increase  of  crops.  The  mat- 
ter of  evaporation  deserves  especial  and  thoughtful  consideration,  sup- 
plying as  it  does  humidity  to  the  atmosphere.  The  absence  of  rain- 
fall speaks  only  too  well  its  want  of  moisture. 

Even  presuming  all  other  requirements  brought  into  favorable  con- 
ditions for  raising  cotton,  its  profitable  growth  must  depend  largely  on 
expeditious  and  economical  means  of  transportation  to  market.  Until 
quite  recently  cotton  could  be  brought  from  America  to  Moscow  spinners 
as  cheaply  as  from  Asia.  But  the  successful  efforts  of  Gen.  Annenkoff 
in  the  construction  of  the  Trans-Oaspian  Railroad,  gives  bright  promise 
or  the  future  that  this  system  will  be  extended. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  205 

Report  of  Lewis  Dexter,  U.  S.  consul  at  Fayal,  Azores. 

JUNE  6, 1893. 

No  cotton  is  raised  in  the  Azores,  nor  is  any  used  or  imported  in  its  raw 
condition.  Calico  prints  and  unbleached  and  bleached  cotton  cloths 
are  imported  every  year,  the  former  from  Portugal  and  the  latter  two 
from  the  United  States  and  from  England.  Nearly  all  of  the  unbleached 
and  a  small  part  of  the  bleached  coming  from  the  United  States. 

According  to  the  customs  statistics  the  value  of  cotton  goods  imported 
at  Fayal  dining  the  year  1891,  and  which  might  be  taken  as  an  aver- 
age for  other  years,  amounted  to  $54, 100,  but  included  in  this,  and  from 
the  manner  in  which  the  customs  statistics  are  kept  cannot  easily  be 
separated,  are  the  cotton  prints,  all  of  which  come  from  Portugal,  and 
upon  which  no  duty  is  charged.  The  cotton  goods  imported  at  Fayal 
supply  not  only  Fayal  but  also  the  islands  of  Pico  and  a  part  of  St. 
George,  Flores,  and  Corvo.  The  importations  at  Terceira  and  St. 
Michaels  are  estimated  to  be  larger  than  at  Fayal,  these  islands  con- 
taining a  larger  population,  but  the  character  of  the  cotton  goods  they 
consume  is  the  same. 


Report  of  James  B.  Coffin,  U.  S.  Consul  at  St.  Helena. 

JUNE  15,  1S93. 

Cotton  is  not  cultivated  on  this  island  to  any  extent.  Rev.  J.  H. 
Daine,  the  Catholic  priest,  is  trying  to  introduce  it  here,  and  has  a 
small  plot  of  about  one-half  an  acre  under  cultivation;  the  result  of  his 
experiment  is  not  as  yet  known.  There  are  several  large  cotton  trees 
on  the  island,  and  one  sees  occasionally  shrub  cotton  growing  wild  in 
the  country,  but  not  in  any  great  quantity. 

There  is  no  consumption  of  raw  cotton  on  the  island  and  none  is 
exported,  and  I  am  informed  that  there  is  not  over  loO  pounds  raw 
cotton  gathered  on  the  island,  which  is  used  for  cushions.  Cotton 
textiles  are  imported  from  England  and  the  United  States,  and  are 
entered  as  haberdashery;  as  there  is  no  duty  ou  them,  no  statistics  are 
kept  of  the  quantity  or  value  thereof,  as  on  account  of  the  small  con- 
sumption of  the  island  no  one  imports  in  bales  or  large  quantities  but 
a  few  pieces  of  each  kind  they  may  need,  which  are  packed  in  one 
large  case  and  entered  at  the  customs  as  haberdashery. 

There  is  no  factory  of  any  kind  on  this  island. 


206     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  John  F.  Healy,  JJ.  8.  consul  at  Funchal,  Madeira. 

JULY  11, 1893. 

There  is  no  cotton  of  any  kind  grown  in  this  consular  district,  hence 
all  cotton  goods  consumed  here  are  imported. 

The  following  table  will  give  the  amount  of  cotton  cloth,  white, 
unbleached,  mixed  colors,  and  cotton  thread,  imported : 


1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

Country. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Cotton 

thread. 

pure  ami 

mixed. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Cotton 
thread, 

pure  and 
mixed. 

Cotton 
goods. 

Cotton 

thread, 

pure  and 

mixed. 

Pounds. 

4,  L70 

1,093 

.'174,  496 

28 

Pounds. 

6,565 

358 

64, 107 

Pounds. 

14,  483 

1,488 

220,  406 

Pounds. 
5.  501 

4G0 
58, 843 

Pounds. 

'.(.  860 
1,644 

• 

Pounds. 
4.  604 

263 

32,  317 

790 

290 

145 

62 

Total 

380,  087 

71, 820 

236,  673 

04,  987 

101, 058 

37,  246 

Total  of  goods  and  thread.. 

451, 

907 

301 

660 

138 

304 

The  only  exports  of  cotton  wares  of  any  kind  are  the  embroidery 
and  lace  work,  which  give  employment  to  several  thousand  girls,  the 
annual  output  of  their  work,  in  all  forms,  being  about  $30,000. 

The  little  amount  of  flax  raised  here  has  no  tendency  to  displace  cot- 
ton. The  consumption  of  cotton  wares  is  on  the  increase,  as  the  popu- 
lation is  increasing. 

There  is  no  hemp. jute,  or  ramie  grown  nor  manufactured  here. 


Report  of  J.  Lamb  Doty,  TJ.  8.  consul  at  Tahiti,  Society  Islands. 

JULY  7,  1803. 

Cotton-growing  in  these  islands  at  present  is  of  the  most  primitive 
character,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  only  the  crop  of  the  native 
planter.  Little  can  be  said  about  the  culture  of  cotton  in  this  colony, 
as,  strictly  speaking,  the  cotton  is  never  cultivated  in  the  proper  or 
usual  manner  as  understood  elsewhere.  The  native  planter  clears  his 
land  of  all  underbrush  and  large  trees,  then  he  merely  bores  a  hole  in 
the  soil  with  the  assistance  of  a  sharp  stick  or  crowbar  and  deposits 
the  seed  therein.  This  constitutes  the  planting  operation.  After  this 
he  keeps  the  ground  as  free  of  weeds  as  circumstances  permit,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  hoe,  his  only  implement,  barring  the  stick  or  crow- 
bar used  in  planting.  After  a  period  of  nine  months  the  first  crop  is 
picked,  which  is  usually  small,  then  three  months  later  he  will  get  his 
largest  crop,  which  under  favorable  circumstances  allows  him  a  fair 
profit  over  his  labor.  The  quality  of  Tahiti  cotton  has  deteriorated 
greatly  in  the  pasl  ten  years,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  native  planter 
is  by  no  means  particular  as  to  the  variety  of  seed  used  in  planting. 
At  present  Tahiti  cotton  is  considered  in  the  market  as  a  poor  quality 
of  the  sea-island  variety. 

I;  is  impossible  to  form  any  idea  as  to  the  amount  of  cotton  that  can 
be  grown  per  acre.    Statistics  show,  however,  that  at  the  present  time 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


207 


there  are  about  1,500  acres  devoted  to  cotton-growing  in  the  whole 
colony,  and  last  year  there  were  463,1*3-4  pounds  of  ginned  cotton 
exported  to  Europe  and  the  United  States;  thus  the  average  was  about 

310  pounds  to  the  acre.  I  am  informed  by  competent  authority,  how- 
ever, that  land  well  cleared  and  kept  under  a  thorough  state  of  culti- 
vation will  produce  at  least  L,200  pounds  of  (unginned)  cotton  per  acre. 
I  note  but  little  inclination  on  the  part  of  natives  to  enlarge  their  acre- 
age of  cotton,  owing  to  the  fluctuation  in  prices  paid  for  the  cotton. 
Should  the  necessary  capital  be  forthcoming  to  plant  a  large  tract  of 
land  on  scientific  principles,  there  is  'but  little  doubt  that  it  would  pay 
the  investor  a  handsome  profit. 

There  are  at  least  (in. not)  acres  suitable  for  the  cultivation  of  cotton 
on  the  island  of  Tahiti  alone,  and  only  capital  is  required  to  make  large 
plantations.  In  order  to  do  this,  however,  labor  would  have  to  be 
imported,  as  the  native  is  but  a  poor  laborer  at  the  best;  and,  alter  all, 
he  cannot  be  blamed,  as  nature  has  provided  him  with  all  that  is  neces- 
sary for  his  comfortable  maintenance. 

The  Tahitian  Government  has  from  time  to  time  offered  large  prizes 
for  the  largest  and  best  cultivated  cotton  plantations;  but  notwith- 
standing this  inducement  the  native  will  not  exert  himself  more  than 
formerly.  He  reasons  that  under  the  existing  circumstances  he  stands 
as  fair  a  chance  of  securing  a  prize  as  his  neighbour,  who  will  not 
change  his  mode  of  cultivation  (so  called)  more  than  himself. 

All  the  cotton  grown  in  these  islands  is  exported,  there  being  no  cot- 
ton manufactory  in  the  colony,  and  as  the  population  of  the  colony  is 
only  about  25,000  no  such  establishment  could  be  made  to  pay. 

Cotton  goods  are  imported  from  the  United  States  and  Europe,  but 
it  would  be  difficult  to  give  a  correct  estimate  of  the  quantity  bought 
in  each  country;  but  it  may  be  estimated  that  the  colony  purchases 
from  the  United  States  about  one-third  of  the  total  amount  imported 
into  the  islands,  and  probably  would  import  more  from  America  could 
our  manufacturers  make  the  style  of  goods  required.  The  paren,  or 
waist-cloth,  of  the  native  is  made  in  Manchester,  England,  as  is  also 
about  half  of  the  prints.  American  prints  are,  however,  much  sought 
after,  being  so  much  cheaper,  but  not  of  such  good  quality  as  the 
English.  Natives  prefer  to  pay  as  little  as  possible  for  their  dresses, 
prefering  to  have  three  dresses  for  the  same  money,  than  only  one, 
which  would  probably  outlast  the  others  a  long  time. 

Table  showing  the  value  of  cotton  goods  imported  into  Tahiti  during  the  years  1SSS-1S92 


1888 $84,610 

1889 131.  112 

1890 145,904 


1891 $157,615 

1892 103,720 


Cotton  exported  from  Tahiti. 


Tear. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1.-74 
1 B75 
]  876 
1877 

1878 


130,000 
400,000 

7iiii.(mo 
7.".".  ii  10 
750,000 

750, i 

800,  000 

91 

943,772 

1,050,  920 

975,  856 

733,  475 


Value 
(dollars). 


Not  stated. 
Nut  stated. 
Not  stated. 

Nol  slated. 
Not  slated. 

Nol  stated. 

tated. 

Ni.i  stated. 

197,  8511 
191,503 
21  1,247 
208,  758 
148,832 


Year. 


1870 
L880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 

1887 

]•- 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


873, 263 
051,796 
156,490 
156,912 
189.008 
134,  193 
016,334 
846,  559 
187,  L66 

404,387 
446,633 
572,240 
463,  234 


Value 

(dollars). 


175,956 

219,  699 

258,231 
265,395 
193,  699 
164,980 
154,503 
74,238 
56,511 

97,  :•- 1 
68, 134 


208     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Andrews  A.  St.  John,  U.  S.  commercial  agent  at  Lebuka,  Fiji 

Islands. 

MAY  9,  1893. 

Since  the  high  prices  which  obtained  during,  and  immediately  after 
the  close  of,  the  war  of  the  rebellion  in  the  United  States,  cotton-grow- 
ing in  Fiji  has  received  but  little  attention.  The  plantations  that  were 
devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton,  at  that  time,  have  all  been  discon- 
tinued and  at  the  present  time  cotton  is  only  grown  in  small  patches  by 
the  natives,  for  their  taxes,  which  have  to  be  paid  in  produce,  they  not 
being  allowed  to  pay  them  in  money.  And  is  grown  in  sections  where 
other  produce  can  not  be  grown  at  as  good  an  advantage.  It  is  therefore 
impossible  to  give  the  area,  or  the  quantity  per  acre.  The  entire  crop 
is  exported,  none  being  consumed  in  Fiji.  Exports  in  1891  were  220,820 
pounds,  and  in  1892  were  75,137  pounds. 

The  "Kidney"  is  the  variety  that  is  most  grown.  "Sea  Island" 
flourishes  in  most  locations,  but  as  it  takes  it  longer  to  mature  it  is  not 
grown  to  any  extent. 

That  no  more  attention  is  given  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  is  due  to 
the  fact  of  our  distance  from  the  markets,  and  to  the  excessive  freights 
charged  by  the  steamers  which  call  here. 

There  are  no  other  fibrous  plants  cultivated  in  Fiji  at  present.  There 
is  one  plantation  being  put  in  ramie,  but  as  yet  it  is  not  productive, 
and  is  in  a  way  experimental  and  is  watched  by  many  other  planters. 
Should  it  prove  up  to  anticipations,  it  will  be  followed  extensively. 


Report  of  G.  H.  Cowan,  U.  S.  consul  at  Manila,  Philippine  Islands. 

MAY  31,  1893. 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  a  report  on  the  subject  of  cotton  in  the 
Philippine  Islands. 

There  are  no  statistics  to  be  had  in  regard  to  the  industry.  I  learn 
that  about  1880  there  was  an  attempt  made  at  raising  cotton,  and 
some  few  bales  exported  by  different  firms.  The  quality  good  and  fine, 
but  staple  too  short.  It  did  not  pay  and  their  experiment  has  never 
been  repeated.  There  is  now  on  some  of  these  islands  small  quantities 
of  tree  cotton,  growing  wild,  which  is  collected  and  used  for  making 
or  stuffing  pillows.     This  is  the  extent  of  cotton-raising  here. 


Report  of  H.  W.  Severance,  TJ.  S.  consul-general,  at  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

MAY  5, 1893. 

Report  on  values  of  cotton  goods  imported  into  ports  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  for  the  year 

ending  Jan'y  1st,  IS'J.2. 

The  total  value  of  all  cotton  <,'oods  paying  duties,  from  foreign  countries 

Other  ilia n  the  United  States $104,453.00 

The  total  value  of  all  cotton  goods  from  the  United  States,  free  by 
treaty 188,185.00 

Value  of  cotton  goods  in  bonded  warehouse 402.  00 

Total  imports $293,041.00 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  209 

No  cotton  is  produced  at  present  in  this  country,  consequently  no 
exports.  Some  years  since  a  very  good  quality  of  Sea  Island  cotton 
was  produced  and  exported  to  the  United  States  in  small  quantities, 
but  the  cultivation  soon  ceased,  owing  to  the  increased  value  of  the 
land  for  cane  culture  and  uncertainty  of  the  cotton  crop. 


Report  of  U.  S.  Consular  Agent   Weatherill,  at  Brisbane,  Neio   South 

Wales  (Australia). 

NOVEMBER  10,  1892. 

The  first  record  of  cotton  planting  in  Queensland  dates  back  to 
1800,  when  14  acres  were  placed  under  crop.  Since  1871  the  area  has 
gradually  decreased,  disappearing  altogether  from  the  statistics  in  1887. 

At  the  time  cotton-growing  was  started,  the  Government  of  that  day 
offered  tracts  of  land  under  very  favorable  conditions  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  coffee,  cotton,  and  sugar,  together  with  a  bonus  of  $25  for  every 
bale  of  ginned  cotton.  After  a  short  period  the  bonus  was  withdrawn 
and  the  cotton  industry  began  to  show  signs  of  decay. 

During  the  past  two  years  a  revival  has  taken  place,  which  has  been 
greatly  stimulated  by  the  establishment  of  a  cotton  manufacturing  com- 
pany at  Ipswich,  which  will  shortly  commence  operations. 

The  price  paid  by  the  company  to  the  farmers  is  three  cents  per  pound 
for  cotton  in  the  seed. 

Eoughly  speaking,  cotton  can  be  grown  along  the  seacoast  from 
the  southern  border  of  Queensland  to  Cooktown,  and  inland  for  a 
distance  of  from  100  to  150  miles.  Further  north  than  Cooktown  it 
has  not  yet  been  grown.  The  labor  available  in  the  southern  portion  of 
Queensland  is  white,  at  wages  averaging  from  $3.65  to  $4.80  per  week 
and  rations. 

The  local  market  is  limited  to  the  company  above  referred  to,  but 
doubtless  after  the  successful  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  is  demon- 
strated, other  companies  will  spring  up  and  the  market  expand. 

In  1S90,  15  acres  were  under  cotton,  producing  5,308  lbs.  In  1891 
74  acres  produced  48,746  lbs.  The  area  for  1892  is  considerably  in 
excess  of  that  for  1891. 

The  varieties  grown  are  those  usually  grown  in  the  United  States, 
seed  having  been  obtained  from  that  country. 


Report  of  Mr.  Kepus,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Sydney,  New  South   Wales  (Aus- 
tralia). 

NOVEMBER  24,  1892. 

There  are  no  statistics  available,  either  in  the  office  of  the  Govern- 
ment statistician  or  the  department  of  agriculture,  showing  that  any 
cotton  whatever  is  being  grown  in  this  colony  at  present,  or,  if  so,  the 
acreage  devoted  to  such  cultivation.  The  only  reason  that  can  be 
assigned  why  the  raising  of  cotton  has  not  been  carried  on  extensively, 
for  the  botanist  to  the  department  of  agriculture  reports  that  "there 
are  thousands  of  acres  of  land  suitable  for  cotton  cultivation  in  New 
South  Wales,"  is  that  cheap  labor  can  not  be  obtained,  and  because, 
COT — vol  2 14 


210     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

as  the  cotton  grown  here  could,  in  the  absence  of  cotton  mills  or  other 
factories  using*  cotton  as  a  raw  material,  hud  no  home  market,  it  would 
have  to  be  transported  long  distances  and  come  in  competition  with 
staples  raised  nearer  the  markets  and  centres  of  manufactures. 


Report  of  Geo.  R.  Wallace,  consul-general  at  Melbourne,  Australia. 

NOVEMBER  20, 1892. 

The  seeds  of  "  Gossypium  Barbadense,"  or  sea-island  cotton,  were 
liberally  distributed  throughout  Australia  twenty-eight  years  since, 
and  good  cotton  has  been  produced  as  far  south  as  in  the  valleys  of  the 
Goulburn,  the  Loddon,  the  Avoca,  and  the  Murray  rivers,  in  the  northern 
portions  of  the  colony  of  Victoria,  but  the  want  of  cheap  labor  has 
hitherto  militated  against  its  extensive  cultivation.  Queensland  has 
lately  provided  by  law  for  the  introduction  into  that  colony  of  "  Kanaka," 
or  South  Sea  Island  natives,  under  a  contract  system,  primarily  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  cheap  labor  for  the  growing  of  sugar  cane,  but 
as  much  of  that  section  of  Australia  is  well  adapted  by  soil  and  climate 
to  the  growing  of  cotton,  it  is  more  than  probable  in  the  near  future 
cotton  will  be  a  large  item  among  the  exports  of  that  colony.  At  the 
present  time  there  is  but  little  produced. 


Report  of  Bolding  Boioser,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Sierra  Leone,  [west)  Africa. 

OCTOBER  1,  1892. 

Cotton  is  not  grown  in  my  district.  An  attempt  was  made  last  year 
at  the  Shanghai  mission,  but  the  death  of  the  superintendent  prevented 
the  completion  of  the  experiment,  but  cotton  will  grow  here  with  profit. 
The  native  people  in  the  interior  country  around  here  grow  the  native 
cotton  and  manufacture  a  native  cloth,  but  only  for  their  domestic 
uses.  The  agricultural  interests  here  are  not  encouraged,  only  as  home 
consumption  requires.  Direct  and  speedy  transit  between  the  United 
States  and  the  west  coast  of  Africa  could  be  made  a  source  of  profit  to 
all  concerned;  more  especially  the  commercial  interests.  There  are 
vast  resources  of  wealth  here,  only  needing  developing. 


Report  of  P.  Strickland,   JJ.  S.  consul  at   Goree-Dalcar,  Senegambia, 

(west)  Africa. 

JULY  24,  1893. 

The  cotton  plant  is  indigenous  to  this  country,  and  for  native  manu- 
facture is  gathered  in  considerable  quantities;  but  none,  I  think,  is  at 
present  exported,  although  at  the  close  of  the  secession  war  it  was 
exported  in  small  quantities,  even  to  the  United  Slates. 

The  cotton  now  gathered  is  manufactured  by  handlooms  in  the  most 
primitive  way;  but  the  fabrics  are  strong  and  handsome,  and  are  worn 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  211 

more  or  less  by  nearly  all  the  natives,  although  the  cheaper  goods  of 
Manchester  constitute  the  larger  pint  of  their  everyday  wear. 

I  have  but  little  doubt  but  that  Senegambia  alone  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing at  least  half  as  much  cotton  as  is  now  produced  in  the  United 
States,  and  there  are  indications  that  capital  may,  in  the  not  very  dis- 
tant future,  be  devoted  to  its  production.  I  have  seen  it  growing  wild 
in  several  places,  and  doubt  if  much  pains  has  yet  been  taken  any- 
where to  cultivate  it.  When  tins  is  done,  besides  vastly  increasing  the 
quantity,  the  staple  will  doubtless  be  improved. 

Beginning  at  about  forty  miles  to  the  southward  of  Gorde  and  from. 
thence  southward,  the  coast  of  Senegambia  is  in  general  low  and  much 
penetrated  by  bayous,  which  allow  the  tide  water  to  penetrate  far  from 
the  coast.  Rice  is  easily  cultivated  in  these  very  extensive  districts 
and  I  should  think  "sea  island  cotton"  might  also  do  well.  Carolina, 
rice  has  been  tried  in  one  locality  with  good  results,  the  wild  rice  pro- 
duced before  having  been  much  smaller,  although  sweet.  The  same 
change  would  most  likely  be  effected  by  importing  cotton  seed  from 
some  country  where  a  superior  article  has  been  produced  by  long  and 
careful  cultivation. 

A  large  company  has  recently  been  formed  which  is  using  capital 
in  cultivation  as  well  as  in  trade:  and  as  it  is  located  in  a  good  cotton 
district,  I  expect  cotton  will  come  in  for  a  share  of  its  attention,  as  well 
as  nuts,  indigo,  coffee,  and  other  staples. 


Report  of  U.  S.  Consul- General  McCoy,  of  Monrovia,  Liberia  (West 

Africa). 

NOVEMBER  15,  1892. 

Liberia  raises  but  little  cotton  although  the  soil  is  preeminently 
suited  to  this  industry,  for  the  absence  of  horses  and  mules  renders  it 
impossible  to  do  more  than  cultivate  a  few  stalks  with  the  hoe. 

Liberia  imported  cotton  fabrics  during  the  year  1885  as  follows: 

From  the  United  States  to  the  value  of $3,612.60 

Froui  Ormanv  "     "       "       " IS. (III. S3 

From  En gl and  "     "       "       " 38,402.53 

You  will  see  by  these  figures  that  the  United  States  furnished  about 
one-fifth  as  much  as  Germany,  aud  a  little  less  than  one-tenth  as  much 
as  England. 

Since  1885  the  imports  from  Germany  and  England  have  increased, 
while  those  from  the  United  States  have  not.  (Ollicial  statistics  since 
1885  can  not  be  obtained  as  tin-  record  is  absent  from  its  proper  office.) 

The  falling  off  of  imports  from  the  United  States  is  due  to  a  lack  of 
direct  communication  with  Liberia.  England  has  27-  and  Germany  14 
steamers  engaged  in  this  trade,  while  America  is  represented  by  only 
the  bark  "  Liberia,"  317  tons,  which  calls  about  once  every  three 
months. 


212 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  F.  A.  Mathews,  U.  S.  Consul- General  at  Tangier,  Morocco. 

MAT  17,  1893. 

Cotton  is  not  raised  in  Morocco.  The  amount  of  land  adapted  to 
cotton  cultivation  embraces  nearly  the  whole  of  the  south  half  of  this 
Empire.  The  quantity  of  acreage  suitable  for  its  growth  is  not  known, 
as  the  lands  have  never  been  surveyed,  and  no  statistics  are  kept  by 
the  authorities. 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

The  accompanying  tables  show  the  importation  of  raw  cotton  and  of 
cotton  goods  and  threads  at  each  port  of  Morocco,  with  their  weights 
or  measures,  quantities,  and  values  from  the  year  1870  to  1892,  inclu- 
sive. These  figures  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  with  great  difficulty  and 
unavoidable  delay,  as  no  statistics  of  any  sort  are  kept  in  Morocco.  It 
is  impossible  to  obtain  any  information  of  this  nature  further  back  than 
1870,  being  the  first  year  in  which  I  commenced  to  forward  annual 
reports  on  trade  to  the  State  Department.  Most  of  the  cotton  goods 
imported  into  Morocco  come  from  England,  some  from  France,  and 
very  little  from  Germany.  Cotton  yarns  are  imported  in  small  quan- 
tities. 

The  Moorish  manufacturers  of  cotton  goods  employ  no  other  fibres 
to  mix  in  their  stuff  nor  any  other  substitutes.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  at  Fez,  where  they  produce  the  famous  haiks  (a  piece  of 
stuff  from  three  to  five  yards  in  length  and  two  yards  in  width),  the 
overall  covering  of  the  Moors  of  both  sexes  in  general.  They  employ 
yarns  in  their  manufacture. 

No  use  is  made  of  yarns  for  the  manufacture  of  rope,  lines,  etc.  The 
duty  on  raw  cotton  cotton  goods,  and  yarns  is  10  per  cent  of  the  value. 

Importation  of  raw  cotton  at  each  port  of  Morocco  from  1870  to  1SD2,  inclusive. 

[Quantities  in  cwts.] 


Porta. 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

294 

744 

1,105 

420 

520 

460 

900 

1,030 

550 
8 

690 

455 

628 

42 

27 

10 
29 

120 

12 
59 
42 

12 
64 
132 
142 
128 

115 

100 
05 
174 

8 
32 
46 

84 
85 
52 

140 
90 
76 
10 

250 

109 

50 

4 

30 

225 

28 

171 

Saffi             

12 

380 

502 

262 

364 

232 

147 

105 

214 

Total 

553 

1,152 

1,634 

682 

1,049 

805 

1,444 

1,544 

791 

1,016 

1,021 

1,226 

Torta. 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1,104 

1,032 
12 

640 
46 
85 
47 
72 
36 
55 
79 

444 

84 

758 

se 

160 

173 
99 

187 

412 
42 

686 
80 

50 
88 

73 
68 

372 
20 
79 
40 
18 

L20 
48 

326 

448 
9 

84 
18 
96 
92 

100 

308 
140 
140 
161 

lis 

115 

75 

200 

1,040 
180 

i  a 

115 
L13 

'.19 

04 

239 

384 
160 
171 
99 
97 
172 
99 
225 

384 

19 



14 
.-,11 
194 
25 
50 

30 
35 

96 
11 
70 

38 

Mazngun 

S.illi      

54 

60 

Total 

1,  45:! 

1,  9.09. 

1.060 

1,904 

1,505 

1,  023 

907 

1,257 

1,948 

1,407 

555 

COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


213 


Importation  of  cotton  goods  and  threads  at  each  port  of  Morocco  from  1870  to  1892,  inclu- 
sive. 

[Quantities  in  bales  and  cases.) 


Porta. 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

2,  21 1 

M 

2,767 
280 
6 
360 
639 
896 
471 

5,129 

2,885 
230 
300 
419 
899 
768 
850 

5,  305 

2,616 
268 

18 
882 

1,009 
821 
845 

5,  207 

2,574 

m 

1H0 

070 

1,617 

634 

257 

4,409 

2,469 

17S 
l.">."> 

708 

920 

782 

430 

5,373 

2,931 
352 
110 

635 
825 
633 
623 
4,924 

2,206 
477 
6fi 
435 
637 
238 
146 

1,625 

2,776 
368 
119 

373 
273 
666 
236 
3,023 

2,575 

Tetuan 

50        01 
18        140 

12  J         'S20 

824       888 

389  ;     420 

204  j     341 

4,272   4,609 

598 

oo 

507 
795 

582 

Satti 

347 

2,833 

Total 

8,159   9,661 

10,  048 

11, 656 

12, 326 

LO,  761 

11,015 

11, 033 

5,830 

7,834 

8,357 

Ports. 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

•1892 

2,719 
589 
48 
386 
826 
733 
305 

2,341 

2,634 
548 
38 
398 
836 
672 
211 

I,  257 

2,441 

407 

70 

488 

1,217 
781 

1,021 

1,347 

2,907 
616 
136 
575 

1,172 
740 
594 

1,640 

2,798 
637 
336 
937 

1,183 

1,045 
650 

2,099 

2,802 
542 
493 
875 

1,227 

1,187 
930 

1,603 

3,074 
435 
261 

1,013 

1,254 
865 
919 

1,136 

2,393 
306 
766 
797 

1,456 

1,363 
866 

1,540 

2,242 
388 
358 

1,107 

1,535 
816 
988 

1,697 

3,708 
650 
103 
978 

1,981 
844 
800 

1,950 

2,931 
440 
449 

1,009 

1,541 
950 
945 

1,894 

2,931 

26 

312 

Rabat 

998 

1, 627 

1,002 

Sani 

646 

7,212 

Total 

7,947 

6,391 

7,772 

8,380 

9,685 

9,659 

8,957 

9,487 

9,131  11.014 

10, 159 

14,  754 

Report  of  G.  W.  Dow,  U.  S.  consul  at  Zanzibar,  (eastern)  Africa, 

JULY  81,  1893. 

Cotton  lias  been  raised  since  1S50  in  that  portion  of  Africa  lying 
between  the  first  and  twelfth  parallels  of  north  latitude,  inhabited  by 
the  Soinalies.  and  known  as  the  "Binadir"  country;  but  prior  to  the 
year  1875  the  amount  grown  did  not  exceed  4,000  bales  per  annum 
and  was  all  manufactured  by  the  natives,  who  depended  on  the  yearly 
crop  for  their  clothing. 

During  the  past  eighteen  years  very  little  cloth  has  been  manufac- 
tured on  the  Binadir  coast,  and  exports  of  the  raw  material  have 
increased  steadily,  this  season's  production  being  estimated  in  the 
vicinity  of  20,000  bales  (of  150  pounds  each)  or  3,000,000  pounds. 

The  natives  have  no  plows  or  machinery  except  rude  hand  presses, 
and  the  cotton  is  all  shipped  to  Bombay  without  cleaning.  The 
cost  of  production  averages  about  one  cent  per  pound,  exclusive 
of  freight.  The  seed  is  reported  to  have  been  brought  originally  from 
the  United  States,  but.  since  the  first  lot  received,  none  has  been  used 
except  that  grown  on  the  coast. 

The  greatest  portion  of  cotton  that  has  been  heretofore  raised  has 
been  grown  in  the  vicinity  of  the  towns  of  Kismayu,  Brava,  Merka, 
and  Merkadisha,  all  lying  between  the  first  and  fifth  parallels  of  N. 
latitude,  but  it  is  believed  that  there  are  many  hundred  of  miles  of 
land  extending  north  and  west  of  the  places  mentioned  that  is  highly 
adapted  for  the  successful  cultivation  of  cotton  from  any  good  Ameri- 
can seed. 

The  Sultan  of  Zanzibar  has  recently  leased  the  Binadir  country  to 
the  Italian  Government  for  a  provisional  term  of  three  years,  aud  a 


214     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

large  company  of  Italians  xrill  shortly  arrive  there  and  proceed  to 
improve  the  land,  which  will  doubtless  have  the  effect  of  increasing 
the  present  acreage  to  a  considerable  extent. 

Cotton-growing  has  been  at  times  attempted  on  Zanzibar  Island, 
but  the  rainfall  here  is  so  heavy  and  the  climate  so  damp  that  it  has 
proved  a  failure,  and  as  the  seasons  and  climate  on  tht*  German  coast 
are  identical  it  is  doubtful  if  it  can  be  made  a  profitable  industry  south 
of  the  equator,  as  our  raining  season  continues  four  months,  while  in 
the  Binadir  country  the  total  rainfall  does  not  usually  exceed  twenty 
days  in  the  year.  The  Germans  have  tried  the  sea  island  and  Texas 
seed,  but  consider  the  latter  the  most  desirable  for  this  climate.  Cotton 
is  planted  in  July  and  gathered  the  early  part  of  February.  The 
Binadir  quality  is  reported  good,  but  not  equal  to  that  raised  in 
America. 

No  cotton  thread  is  imported  to  Zanzibar,  but  the  yearly  receipts  to 
this  port  exceed  30,000  bales  of  cloth  yearly.  The  statistics  of  imports 
to  Zanzibar  prior  to  1891  are  not  obtainable,  as  the  custom-house  was 
formerly  leased  to  natives,  who  have  left  this  city  and  taken  their 
books,  but  below  is  a  statement  of  imports  of  cloths  received  in  this 
port  from  January  1st,  1891,  to  January  1st,  1893,  as  furnished  by  the 
collector  of  customs. 

9,370  bales  from  the  United  States,  value $102,  460 

38,900     "        "      Bombay  and  India,  value 1,167,000 

14.070     "        "      England,  value 450,240 

A  bale  of  American  shirtings  contains  750  yards,  or  25  pieces  of  30 
yards  each,  one  yard  in  width,  weighing  9  pounds  per  piece.  Sheetings 
are  30  inches  iu  width,  and  a  bale  contains  800  yards,  or  20  pieces  of 
40  yards  each,  and  drillings  contain  600  yds.  per  bale,  or  15  pieces  of 
40  yards  each,  one  yard  in  width,  and  weigh  15  lbs.  per  piece.  English 
and  Bombay  goods  are  the  same  in  measurement,  but  the  shirtings 
weigh  8  lbs;  sheetings  5£  to  6  lbs.  and  drills  11  to  12£  lbs.  per  piece, 
and  the  prices  of  the  latter  kinds  are  less  than  75  per  ^ent  of  the 
American  goods. 


Report  of  W.  Stanley  Rollis,  77.  S.  consul  at  Mozambique,  {eastern)  Africa. 

JUNE  28, 1893. 

Although  many  parts  of  this  province  are  admirably  adapted  for 
cotton-growing,  the  production  of  that  staple  has  been  given  but  little 
attention. 

The  natives  grow  small  quantities  of  cotton  now  and  then,  and  use 
it  as  a  lilling  for  cushions  and  mattresses;  but  none  is  ever  manufac- 
tured, nor  is  any  exported. 

A  cotton,  with  ;i  good  staple,  has  been  reported  growing  wild  in  the 
Manica  district,  and  1  understand  that  samples  of  the  same  have  been 
sent  to  Manchester,  England,  hut  have  heard  nothing  further  on  the 
subject. 

As  the  Manica  district  is  being  exploited  almost  entirely  by  mining 
men.  it  is  not  likely  that  any  attempt  at  cotton-growing  will  be  made 
for  some  time  to  come. 

(lohl  is  the  attraction;  and  where  gold  is  to  be  won  in  this  country, 
little  or  no  attention  is  paid  to  agriculture  by  the  white  man,  as  the 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  215 

natives  are  able  to  supply  him  with  almost  everything  he  requires  in 
the  way  of  plain  vegetables  and  fruits  indigenous  to  the  country,  and 
for  other  agricultural  products  there  is  no  demand. 

The  trade  in  cotton  cloth  is  undoubtedly  larger  than  that  in  any  other 
staple  article  in  this  province.  The  native  clothes  himself  in  cheap 
cottons,  and  during  the  hot  months  the  European  wears  garments  made 
of  cotton  of  the  best  quality. 

The  European  merchants  doing  business  in  this  province  import 
plain  white,  striped,  checked,  and  printed  cottons  from  Marseilles  and 
Hamburg.  The  greater  part  of  these  cottons  is  of  English  and  the 
lesser  of  European  manufacture. 

The  Arab  and  Banian  traders  import  considerable  quantities  of  cot- 
ton goods  from  Bombay  and  Zanzibar.  The  greater  part  of  their 
imports  are  also  of  English  manufacture,  though  some  are  from  Bom- 
bay mills.  Small  quantities  of  American  cottons  and  drills  of  good 
quality  are  occasionally  imported  via  Zanzibar. 

The  cotton  cloth  that  has  the  largest  sale  in  Mozambique  is  in  pieces 
of  38i  yards  length  by  37,  38,  and  39  inches  in  width,  weighing, 
unsized,  respectively  7,  7A,  and  8  pounds  per  piece.  This  cotton  is 
manufactured  in  England  from  whence  it  is  shipped  to  Bombay,  where 
it  is  dyed  an  indigo  blue  and  heavily  sized,  increasing  its  weight  by 
about  twenty  per  cent.  It  is  then  imported  into  this  province  from 
Bombay  by  both  European  and  Indian  merchants.  White  cottons  of 
the  same  manufacture,  sizes,  and  weights  as  the  foregoing,  without 
sizing,  are  also  largely  imported  for  the  native  trade. 

All  of  the  striped  and  checked  cottons  sold  here  are  heavily  sized, 
as  the  natives  prefer  them  to  the  unsized  article. 

Very  little  mixed  cottons  or  woolen  or  linen  fabrics  are  imported 
into  this  province,  as  there  is  but  a  small  demand  for  goods  of  this 
description.  The  only  jute  fabrics  imported  are  the  Bombay  bags  used 
in  the  ground  nut  and  oil-seed  trade. 

Now  that  a  steamship  line  has  been  established  between  New  York 
and  the  Cape  and  east  African  ports  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  con- 
siderable trade  can  be  done  in  American  cottons  with  the  independent 
merchants — not  branches  of  European  firms — in  the  thriving  ports  of 
Lorenzo  Marquez  and  Benia,  provided  that  the  goods  suit  the  market 
and  that  the  prices  are  right. 


Report  of  Mr.   Waller,  U.  8.  consul  at  Tamatave,  Madagascar,  (East) 

Africa. 

DEOEMBEB  26,  1S92. 

Cotton,  such  as  grows  in  Arkansas,  Mississippi,  and  Texas,  grows 
wild  in  Madagascar,  but  there  is  no  attempt  at  cultivation. 

While  rolia  and  aloes  libers  are  woven  into  clothing  and  extensively 
used  by  the  natives  in  this  country,  there  is  no  tendency  to  displace 
cotton  goods,  but,  on  the  contrary,  the  importation  of  cotton  goods  is 
greatly  supplanting  the  use  of  these  fibers  for  the  purpose  mentioned. 


216  COTTON   CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Dwight  Moore,  U.  S.  consul  at  Aden,  Arabia, 

AUGUST  10,  1893. 

No  raw  cotton  is  produced  or  consumed  within  the  limits  of  lzy  con- 
sular district.  The  import  of  wool,  hemp,  jute,  flax,  etc.,  is  unimpor- 
tant and  in  no  way  competes  with  or  affects  the  importation  or  con- 
sumption of  cotton  twist  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Aden  is  merely  the  distributing  center  for  the  Arabian  and  East 
African  coast  ports,  and  local  consumption  forms  only  a  very  small  part 
of  the  import  trade,  there  being  nothing  produced  or  manufactured 
here;  the  export  trade  consists  entirely  of  rehandling  imported  goods. 


Report  of  Louis  S.  Maguire,  U.  S.  consul  at  Muscat,  Arabia. 

JUNE  14,  1893. 

The  cotton  crop  is  very  small,  covering  not  more,  altogether,  than 
ten  acres.  It  is  not  exported,  but  made  into  cloths  by  hand  looms  for 
local  requirements.  The  growth  per  annum  does  not  exceed  $1,000. 
One-fourth  of  the  crop  grown  is  brown  and  the  other  white. 


COTTON  CULTURE  IN  UGANDA,  CENTRAL  AFRICA. 

[Extract  from  address  of  Capt.  F.  D.  Lugard,  of  the  British  army,  before  tlie 
London  chamber  of  commerce,  upon  "Uganda,"  Africa,  on  Nov.  5,  1892.  From  Lon- 
don Times  of  Nov.  7,  1892.] 

Cotton  was  grown  in  the  southern  Soudan  by  the  Soudanese,  who 
wove  their  own  cloth,  a  strong,  serviceable  fabric.  They  brought  with 
them  to  southern  Unyoro,  when  he  established  them  there  in  colonies, 
cotton  seed  from  the  plants  they  had  grown,  and  by  this  time  he  had 
no  doubt  they  had  extensively  planted  cotton  in  southern  Unyoro. 
This  cotton  was  of  a  fair  staple.  East  Africa  abounded  in  a  black, 
porous  soil,  which  in  India  was  called  "cotton  soil."  He  did  not  see 
why  the  long-staple  cotton  should  not  be  produced  in  the  vast  uninhab- 
ited plains  of  the  Man  escarpment.  He  greatly  regretted  that  the  experi- 
ment of  planting  this  class  of  cotton  had  not  already  been  made.  If 
the  export  of  cotton  in  large  quantities  from  our  own  territories  could 
be  guaranteed,  thus  rendering  Lancashire  independent  of  other  markets, 
the  benefit  to  her  commerce  would  be  enormous.  In  Uganda  and  neigh- 
boring countries  there  were  large  areas  of  land  suitable  for  wheat  and 
other  cereals. 

[Extract  from  address  of  Capt.  F.  D.  Lugard,  of  the  British  army,  before  Liverpool 
chamber  of  commerce,  Nov.  30,  1892.     From  Loudon  Times,  Dec.  1st,  1892.] 

Throughout  East  Africa  he  had  observed  large  quantities  of  what 
in  India  is  called  "  cotton  soil."  In  the  southern  Soudan  large  quan- 
tities of  cotton  were  grown  and  its  culture  was  being  introduced  in  the 
areas  adjoining  the  Albert  Lake.     *     *     * 

The  country  was  fertile,  its  climate  temperate,  and  the  soil  generally 
good.  The  people — some  tribes  of  them,  at  least — were  intelligent  and 
eager  to  learn.    The  land  was  not  overpopulated.    Large  areas  existed 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  217 

untouched  by  the  hoe  for  the  production  of  European  needs.  Expanses 
of  water,  facilitating  communication,  lent  exceptional  advantages. 
The  natural  products  were  not  inferior  to  those  of  other  countries. 


Report  of  John  B.  Osborne,  U.  8.  consul  at  Ghent,  Belgium. 

MAY  28,  1893. 
ON  COTTON  IN   THE   KONGO    STATE  (CENTRAL,),  AFRICA. 

Explorers  of  central  Africa  have  described  a  tree  called  the  "boin- 
bax,"  distinguished  by  its  luxuriant  foliage  and  majestic  appearance. 
At  certain  seasons  of  the  year  it  is  covered  with  large  white  flowers, 
which  exliale  an  agreeable  fragrance.  These  are  succeeded  by  the 
fruit,  which  consists  of  angular  cones  containing  a  species  of  cotton, 
utilized  from  time  immemorial  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

This  cotton  tree,  however,  bears  no  resemblance  to  the  plant  which 
grows  under  cultivation  and  even  wild,  to  a  more  or  less  extent 
throughout  the  Kongo  State.  Some  think  that  it  was  introduced  into 
the  country  from  Egypt,  where,  in  ancient  times,  it  grew  in  a  wild 
state.  But  this  is  merely  a  matter  of  conjecture,  and  it  is  quite  as 
likely  that  it  is  absolutely  indigenous.  The  warm,  humid  climate  and 
very  rich  soil  is  certainly  favorable  to  its  growth.  It  is  a  shrub  often 
attaining  a  height  of  nine  feet,  with  a  trunk  a  few  centimeters  in 
diameter,  having  many  branches,  with  a  thin  and  smooth  bark,  one  side 
green  and  the  other  reddish,  and  marked  by  small  black  points.  The 
leaves  are  whitish  and  covered  on  the  under  side  with  a  rough  down. 
The  sulphur-yellow  flowers  give  place  to  ovoidal  fruit,  containing  five 
to  nine  brown  kernels.  These  are  enveloped  by  very  white  flocks  of 
cotton,  which  burst  out  on  all  sides  when  the  nut  is  mature. 

I  send  herewith  a  fair  sample  of  this  cotton  raised  by  the  natives 
along  the  Kongo  River,  between  Vivi  and  Isanghila.  As  I  have  pre- 
viously reported,  the  importation  into  Belgium  from  the  Kongo  State 
assumed,  in  1891,  considerable  importance.  I  find  no  record  of  imports 
having  been  made  in  previous  years,  but  for  1891  they  are  officially 
stated  by  the  Belgium  Government  to  be  87,814  kilos  entered  for  con- 
sumption, valued  at  $18,908,  or  9*  American  cents  per  pound.  The 
total  imports  of  this  cotton,  including  not  only  the  above  for  consump- 
tion, but  also  that  entered  for  entrepot  and  transit  amounted,  in  the 
same  time,  to  230,854  kilos  (507,879  pounds),  valued  at  $49,864.  The 
staple  is  about  an  inch  long.  It  is  shorter  than  the  Egyptian  and  not 
so  silky.  It  is  difficult  to  compare  it  with  India  cotton,  which  is 
rough  and  shorter  in  staple. 

A  local  dealer  recently  received  a  sample  of  cotton  raised  on  German 
plantations  in  eastern  Africa  in  about  the  same  zone  as  the  Kongo 
State.  He  informs  me  that  it  was  similar  to  Egyptian,  but  not  so  fine, 
and  its  staple  was  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  longer  than  that  of  the 
Kongo  sample. 

The  above  information  and  sample  of  Kongo  cotton  are  sent  to  the 
Department  at  the  request  of  Alfred  B.  Shepperson,  sec'y  of  the 
Senate  Subcommittee  on  Cotton. 


218     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

[In  closure] 

Independent  State  of  the  Kongo, 

Office  of  the  Secretary  of  State, 
Brussels,  4  Place  du,  Trone,  May  18th,  1S93. 
Mr.  John  B.  Osborne, 
U.  S.  Consul  at  Ghent: 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  16th  inst. 
I  have  given  orders  in  my  department  to  send  you  to-day  a  sample  of  the  raw  cot- 
ton cultivated  by  the  natives  between  Vivi  and  Isanghila  (Low  Kongo). 

The  cotton  is  cultivated  a  little  everywhere  by  the  natives  in  the  territory  of  the 

Kongo  State.     There  have  not  been  up  to  the  present,  notable  quantities  exported  of 

this  native  cotton,  but  the  experiments  in  the  culture  of  different  varieties  which 

have  been  made  at  several  of  our  stations  on  a  small  scale,  have  given  good  results. 

The  Secretary  of  State, 

(Signed)  Edmond  Van  Eetvelde. 


Report  of  E.  C.  Little,  agent  and  consul-general  at  Cairo,  Egypt. 

MARCH  24,  1S93. 

Keferring  to  Mr.  Grant's  despatch,  No.  183,  dated  January  23,  1893, 
and  to  the  Department's  despatch,  No.  44,  of  October  20,  1892,  I  have 
the  honor  to  enclose  herewith  a  "note  regarding  the  cultivation  of  cot- 
ton in  Egypt,"  obtained  from  the  Egyptian  College  of  Agriculture. 

[Iuclosure.] 

Egyptian  College  of  Agriculture, 

Ghizeh,  Cairo,'  Egypt,  15th  March,  1893. 

Note  regarding  the  cultivation  of  cotton  in  Egypt  by  John  Bayne, 
M.  A.  B.  Sc,  at  the  request  of  the  consul-general  of  the  United  States 
at  Cairo. 

CLIMATE. 

The  slight  variations  of  climate  in  the  delta  of  the  Nile  do  not,  to 
any  considerable  extent,  influence  the  varieties  of  cotton  cultivated, 
except  that  the  more  southern  districts  are  planted  earlier  than  the 
more  northern  ones. 

METHOD   OF   CULTIVATION. 

Land  on  which  a  crop  of  Indian  corn  has  been  grown  is  not  manured 
for  a  cotton  crop,  having  been  manured  for  the  Indian  corn,  and  this 
Suffices  lor  the  cotton  crop  which  follows. 

Land  which  has  not  been  preceded  by  a  crop  of  corn  is  manured  at 
the  time  of  singling  the  cotton  plants,  by  putting  a  small  quantity  of 
manure  at  their  roots  as  singling  goes  on. 

Ploughing  is  commenced  in  December  and  goes  on  during  January, 
February,  and  March.  The  land  on  well-cultivated  farms  is  ploughed 
three  or  lour  times,  according  to  the  character  of  the  soil.  It  is  then 
leveled,  if  necessary,  and  ridged  up  with  an  ordinary  native  or  Euro 
pean  ridging  plough. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  219 

METHODS   OF  PLANTING. 

Two  methods  are  adopted,  namely,  the  "dry"  and  the  "wet;"  that 
is,  in  tin'  first  case  the  seed  is  planted  before  the  land  is  watered,  and 

in  the  second  ease  the  land  is  watered  before  the  seed  is  planted. 

For  heavy  soils  the  seed  is  steeped  for  24  hours  and  then  put  into 
the  sides  of  the  dry  land  ridges  in  numbers  ranging  from  eight  to 
twelve.  The  distances  between  the  dibblings  are.  in  the  case  of  Atiti 
cotton  about  L8  inches,  and  in  the  case  of  Bamia  cotton  12  inches, 
separate  from  eaeh  other.  Water  is  then  admitted  between  the  ridges 
of  the  drills. 

For  lighter  soils  water  is  first  admitted  between  the  ridges  and  then 
the  seed  is  planted  from  8  to  10  days  after,  when  the  soil  is  suffi- 
ciently moist.  The  seeds  before  planting  are  soaked  for  24  hours. 
In  about  25  to  30  days  replanting  takes  place  at  the  spots  where 
the  seeds  have  not  come  up  and  the  land  is  again  watered. 

When  the  plants  are  about  3  inches  above  the  ground  the  ridges  are 
hoed  if  there  are  many  weeds,  but  if  not  they  are  left  till  the  plants 
are  about  0  inches  high,  when  they  are  singled,  two  plants  being  left  at 
each  dibbling.  After  thinning,  the  ridges  are  hoed  and  then  the  plants 
are  watered."  The  land  continues  to  be  watered  at  intervals  of  from 
12  to  15  days,  and  the  number  of  waterings  throughout  the  growth 
of  the  cotton  is  from  12  to  15. 

Sowing  takes  place  during  March  and  April,  preferably  the  former 
month,  the  lands  of  the  more  southern  district  being  sown  first. 

Flowering  takes  place  about  3  months  after  planting,  and  the  cotton 
is  ripe  from  3  to  4  months  later. 

SOILS  BEST   SUITED  FOR   COTTON  CULTIVATION. 

The  soil  of  the  Delta  may  be  divided  into  two  classes,  viz: 
First,  a  blackish  soil. 

Second,  a  light  colored  or  yellowish  soil  of  a  sandy  nature. 
The  blackish  soil  may  be  subdivided  into  three  classes: 

A.  A  blackish  soft  soil  which  yields  about  from  5  to  G  cantars  of  98 
lbs.,  per  acre  (from  490  to  588  pounds). 

B.  A  blackish  medium  soil,  which  yields  from  3  to  4  cantars  per  acre 
(from  294  to  392  pounds). 

C.  A  blackish  hard  soil  which  yields  about  from  2  to  2J  cantars  (of 
98  lbs.)  per  acre  (from  196  to  -\~>  pounds). 

The  lighter  colored  or  yellowish  soil  may  be  divided  into  two  classes, 
viz: 

D.  A  yellow,  sandy,  strong  soil,  yielding  good  crops  of  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  sugar  cane,  but  not  adapted  for  the  growth  of  cotton. 

E.  A  yellow,  sandy,  light  soil.  This  yields  cotton,  but  not  with  very 
satisfactory  results. 

Generally  speaking,  the  blackish  soft  soil  is  best  adapted  for  cotton 
cultivation,  and  an  argillaceous  soil  which,  on  being  watered  becomes 
hard,  is  not  so  well  suited. 

Of  the  above  classes,  A  and  B  are  best  adapted  for  the  growth  of 
white  cotton  and  C  for  the  growth  of  Bamia.  B  also  does  very  well 
for  Bamia. 

VARIETIES   OF   COTTON. 

Afifi. — A  tree  (plant)  with  spreading  branches,  and  is  the  most  com- 
monly grown  at  present.  It  is  preferred,  owingto  the  plant  being  more 
hardy  and  less  susceptible  to  atmospheric  influences  and  better  with 


220     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

standing  delay  in  watering.    It  matures  earlier  than  the  other  varie- 
ties and  consequently  runs  less  risk  from  autumn  fogs. 

Bamia. — A  taller  upright  tree  (plant)  with  short  branches  frcm  the 
trunk  only.  It  is  a  more  tender  plant  than  Afifi  and  requires  more 
care  and  attention  and  is  more  dependent  on  a  regular  supply  of  water 
than  the  former.  The  cultivation  of  this  variety  is  now  confined  to  a 
small  portion  of  the  Dakalieh  and  Garbieh  provinces,  the  most  north- 
ern parts  of  Egypt,  and  have  consequently  a  moister  climate  on  account 
of  their  proximity  to  the  sea. 

White. — A  tree  (plant)  with  spreading  branches,  similar  to  the  Afifi; 
is  hardy  and  of  a  comparatively  similar  nature  to  the  Afifi.  It,  how- 
ever, matures  later  and  is  more  liable  to  sutler  from  autumn  fogs. 

The  cultivation  of  this  variety  has  steadily  decreased,  owing  chiefly 
to  growers  finding  better  pecuniary  results  from  crops  of  Afifi. 

John  Bayne, 
Professor  of  Agriculture. 


Report  oj  Louis  B.  Grant,  acting  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Cairo,  Egypt. 

MAT  21,  1892. 
COTTON  IN  EGYPT.* 

It  appears  that  cotton  was  known  to  the  ancient  Egyptians.  In 
ancient  times  it  grew  here  in  a  wild  state.  Herodotus  mentions  a  plant 
which  bore  flowers  of  a  pinkish  color  and  a  fibrous  fruit.  It  is  thought 
that  the  seed  came  from  the  far  East,  as  the  plants  gave  a  woolly  product 
of  short  and  weak  staple.  It  was  only  in  the  early  part  of  the  present 
century  that  the  cultivation  of  cotton  began  to  extend  and  exotic  seed 
to  be  imported.  Mako  and  Jumel  were  the  names  given  to  the  new 
product,  which  was  of  a  white  color  and  of  long  staple.  Mako  was  the 
name  of  a  large  landed  proprietor  who  especially  lent  himself  to  the 
culture  of  the  new  cotton.  Jumel  was  the  name  of  a  French  agricul- 
turist who  first  imported  seed  from  America.  In  France,  Egyptian 
cotton  is  still  called  Jumel. 

As  an  article  of  export  cotton  dates  from  the  year  1821,  but  during 
thirty-five  years  the  quantity  varied  only  from  150,000  to  500,000  cantars 
(of  08  pounds).  A  great  stimulus  was  given  to  this  culture  by  the  Vice- 
roy Mehemet  Ali.  It  is  said  that  he  planted  all  the  seed  he  could  get 
on  his  own  land  with  successful  results,  and,  being  stimulated  by  the 
high  price  obtained  for  the  new  fiber  in  the  European  markets,  he 
encouraged  its  cultivation  throughout  lower  Eygpt,  the  soil  and  climate 
of  which  were  found  to  be  admirably  adapted  to  its  growth. 

It  was  in  l.s:;7-'38  that  this  culture  really  began  to  take  serious  pro- 
portions. Abbas  Pasha  I  still  further  encouraged  it.  In  1880  the 
export  duty  was  reduced  from  10  per  cent  to  1  per  cent  ad  valorem, 
which,  of  course,  helped  to  stimulate  the  culture;  but  the  great  impetus 
was  given  by  the  American  civi]  war,  the  high  prices  at  that  period 
causing  the  cultivation  to  be  pushed  to  the  utmost  limits. 

Up  to  our  days  the  Mako-Jumel  has  experienced  many  changes  and 
evolutions,  which  are  attributed  to  the  nature  of  the  soil.  The  color 
gradually  became  a  yellowish  brown,  and  took  the  name  of  Ashmouni, 
from  the  village  of  Ashmoun,  where  this  change  was  first  noted. 

M  have  obtained  most  of  the  information  contained  in  this  report  from  the  Gene- 
ra] Produce  Association  of  Alexandria,  the  jnesideut  of  which  very  kindly  responded 
to  my  inquiries. — L.  li.  (J. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  221 

VARIETIES. 

The  present  varieties  of  Egyptian  cotton  as  known  to  commerce  are 
the  following:  Ashmouni,  Mit-Afifi,  Abiad,  Bamieh,  and  Gallini. 

Ashmouni. — For  many  years  this  quality  formed  the  bulk  of  the 
Egyptian  crop,  but  it  is  now  almost  entirely  superseded  by  Mit-Afifi. 
In  color  it  was  of  a  lightish  brown,  lighter  than  the  Mit  Allli,  and  with 
a  staple  rather  over  1  inch  in  length.  It  is  still  cultivated  in  some 
parts  of  lower  Egypt,  notably  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mehala-el-Kebir, 
but  the  acreage  of  this  quality  is  decreasing  every  year.  In  upper 
Egypt,  however,  it  is  more  extensively  cultivated,  as  the  nature  of  the 
soil  there  is  less  favorable  to  the  Mit-Afiii  cotton. 

Mit- A  till. — The  seed  of  this  cotton  was  discovered  by  a  Greek  merch- 
ant living  in  the  village  of  Mit-Afifi,  where  he  first  planted  it  and 
whence  it  derives  its  name.  The  seed  has  a  bluish  green  tuft  at  the 
extremity,  which  first  attracted  his  attention.  On  planting  this  seed 
he  found  that  it  possessed  many  advantages  over  the  Ashmouni.  It 
matured  earlier  and  was  therefore  much  less  susceptible  to  damage 
from  the  salt  fogs,  which  are  very  often  prevalent  in  September.  Its 
chief  superiority,  however,  consisted  in  the  greater  proportion  of  lint 
yielded  to  the  seed.  At  first  315  pounds  yielded  about  112  pounds  of 
lint,  and  sometimes  even  more;  but  now  it  has  deteriorated  and  rarely 
gives  so  much,  generally  averaging  106  to  108  pounds.  Ashmouni 
rarely  attains  98  pounds.  The  finder  kept  the  secret  for  some  years,  but 
it  ultimately  became  known.  The  Mit-Afifi  is  of  a  darker  and  richer 
brown  than  the  Ashmouni.  It  is  of  excessive  strength,  but,  except  in 
some  districts,  the  staple  is  not  longer  than  that  of  Ashmouni.  The 
districts  where  it  has  longer  staple  are  about  Cafr  Zayat,  Chibin-el- 
Koom,  and  notably  Birket-es  Sab. 

Abiad. — Abiad,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  white  cotton,  and  is  chiefly 
grown  at  Zifta,  Mit-Gamr,  and,  to  a  smaller  extent,  at  Birket-es-Sab. 
In  other  districts  it  is  only  grown  sporadically,  and  even  in  the  districts 
above  mentioned  it  is  rapidly  giving  way  to  Mit-Afifi.  The  staple  is 
much  longer  than  that  of  American  cotton,  the  bulk  reaching  about  1 
inch  in  length,  while  some  fine  lots  are  to  be  found  having  a  length  of 
1  jj  and  even  li  inches.     The  yield  is  105  to  112  pounds. 

Bamieh. — This  quality  is  yearly  degenerating.  The  form  of  the  plant 
is  quite  different  from  the  other  varieties  of  cotton,  being  tall  and  not 
bushy.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  produced  by  accidental  hybridiza- 
tion of  the  Ashmouni  cotton  plant,  as  it  resembles  the  latter  in  several 
points.  Its  chiefcharacteristics  are  great  length,  fineness,  and  silkiness 
of  staple  and  a  rather  lighter  color  than  Ashmouni,  but  generally  a 
greater  weakness  of  staple.  The  plant,  however,  is  more  delicate  than 
the  other  varieties,  and  is  therefore  very  susceptible  to  September  fogs. 
It  yields  about  100  to  105  pounds  of  lint  per  315  pounds  of  seed-cotton. 
The  chief  districts  now  producing  the  best  quality  of  this  variety  are, 
first,  Mansoorah;  second,  Semenood;  and  then  Mehalael-Kebir. 

Gallini. — This  variety  has  almost  entirely  disappeared  from  cultiva- 
tion, as  the  quality  had  deteriorated  to  such  an  extent  that  it  became 
most  difficult  to  sell.  Only  one  small  lot  of  122  cantars  appeared  in 
the  Alexandria  market  this  year,  and,  I  am  informed,  is  still  unsold. 
It  has  been  said  that  this  variety  was  originally  produced  from 
imported  sea  island  seed,  but  I  am  informed  by  competent  authority 
that  this  is  an  error.  It  was  first  found  accidentally  at  a  place  called. 
Galleen,  in  the  province  of  Garbieh.  about  the  year  1863,  on  land  belong- 
ing to  Haidar  Pasha,  and  from  there  it  spread  all  over  that  province. 


222     COTTON  CULTUEE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Attempts  at  cultivation  in  other  districts  were  not  successful,  which 
proved  that  its  proper  development  depended  entirely  on  the  quality 
of  the  soil.  Though  very  fine,  silky,  and  strong,  it  differed  greatly 
from  Sea-island,  being  of  a  brown  color  instead  of  white.  Many 
attempts  have  been  made  to  introduce  the  culture  of  sea-island  cotton 
in  Egypt  by  importing  seed  from  the  United  States,  but  all  experi- 
ments failed.  Although  the  cotton  produced  was  very  long  and  fine, 
it  was  so  weak  in  staple  that  all  spinners  condemned  it. 

Other  varieties. — New  varieties  are  continually  springing  up.  Just 
now  a  variety  called  Hamouli  is  coming  into  the  market.  This  is  strong 
and  of  a  good  mellow  brown  color,  but  not  so  long  in  staple  as  Mit- 
Atifi.  Here  again  the  chief  incentive  to  its  culture  is  the  good  yield 
of  lint.  So  far,  however,  the  amount  cultivated  is  extremely  small. 
Another  variety  called  Zeplyri  is  also  spoken  of,  but  nothing  is  yet 
known  of  this,  as  only  a  few  cantars  were  known  to  exist  last  year. 
There  is  also  another  variety,  of  which  very  little  is  known  yet,  because 
the  possessors  of  the  .seed  keep  the  matter  secret.  This  resembles  Sea- 
island  much  more  than  Gallini,  having  all  the  requisite  characteristics 
and  the  same  white  color. 

PLANTING  AND   CULTIVATION. 

Planting  takes  place  in  March  and  April.  In  this  connection  I  can 
not  do  better  than  quote  McCoan.     He  says,  in  "  Egypt  as  it  is  "  (p.  189) : 

The  cultivation  of  the  plant,  of  whichever  variety,  differs  slightly  according  as 
the  ground  sown  is  balicli,  i.  e.,  watered  solely  by  annual  inundation,  or  miscoweh, 
which  is  not  thus  fully  irrigated,  but  requires  to  be  artificially  watered  several 
times  before  and  after  seed-sowing.  In  lower  Egypt,  where  the  land  is  fatter  and 
stronger  than  above  Cairo,  one  plowing  generally  suffices  before  seed  time,  but  in 
the  upper  valley  two  at  least  are  necessary;  deep  if  the  soil  be  light,  but  shallower 
where  it  is  heavy.  Small  patches  of  ground  are  hoed  where  the  cultivator  can  not 
afford  the  cattle  power  required  for  the  plow.  The  ground  being  next  leveled  with 
the  hoe  or  a  rude  kind  of  harrow,  furrows  are  made  about  2  feet  apart,  in  which, 
at  intervals  of  some  3  feet,  holes  are  drilled  3  or  4  inches  deep.  Into  each  of  these 
the  sower  drops  half  a  dozen  seeds,  which  he  covers  in  with  earth  and  waters  (or 
not),  and  the  operation  is  complete.  The  balieh  lands  are  thus  sown  in  March  and 
the  miscoweh  in  April.  Near  the  towns  vegetables  are  generally  planted  between 
the  furrows,  to  make  the  most  of  the  ground;  where  this  is  not  done  the  plants  are 
thinned  and  earthed  up  by  plowing  between  the  ridges. 

The  cotton  fields  are  artificially  watered  about  eight  times  during 
cultivation,  generally  by  bringing  the  Nile  water  between  the  ridges 
on  which  the  plants  are  growing,  thus  saturating  the  soil  completely. 
The  general  ripening  of  the  pods  begins  in  September  (but  the  Mit-Afifi 
ripens  about  a  month  earlier),  and  the  cotton  is  ready  for  the  first  pick- 
ing in  October.  A  second  picking  takes  place  in  November  or  at  the 
beginning  of  December  and  a  third  in  January  and  February. 

The  wages  of  pickers  are:  For  men,  from  20  to  30  cents  per  diem; 
lor  children,  about   L5  cents  per  diem. 

After  the  last  picking  the  cotton  trees  (plants)  are  generally  pulled 
up  and  used  tor  fuel.  In  some  few  instances  they  are  only  cut  down 
close  to  i  1m-  ground,  and  a  second  crop  is  produeed  from  the  same 
plants.  Tin's  second  crop,  however,  is  not  as  good  as  the  first,  and  it 
is  becoming  a  universal  custom  to  use  fresh  seed  for  every  crop.  In 
the  interval  between  the  last  picking  and  the  new  sowing  t  lie  cotton 
fields  are  sown  with  "bcrsceni."  or  Egyptian  clover,  which  grows 
quickly  and  can  be  removed  in  time  i'or  the  next  cotton  planting. 
Continuous  growing  of  cotton  on  the  same  lands  impoverishes  the  soil, 
and  the  quality  of  the  product  deteriorates  year  by  year.     For  this 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


223 


reason  it  is  customary  to  follow  a  kind  of  rotation  system.  For  example, 
cotton  is  rarely  grown  on  the  same  lands  for  more  than  two  years  in 
succession,  and  in  most  eases  for  not  more  than  one  year.  The  second 
or  third  year,  as  the  ease  may  he,  these  lands  are  devoted  to  cereals 
or  some  crop  which  does  do1  injure  the  soil  and  which  aids  it  to  recover 
its  good  qualities.  By  some  growers  rice  is  considered  the  best  crop 
to  -row  in  the  interval.  During  its  cultivation  the  soil  regains  its 
Strength,  on  account  of  its  continual  submersion. 

The  best  producing  lands  are  those  which  are  left  two  years  under 
light  crops  and  planted  with  cotton  only  every  third  year. 

AREA. 

The  total  area  planted  with  cotton  during  the  season  of  1890-'91  was 
855,479  acres,  and  during  the  season  lS91-'92  it  was  8ol,L>41  acres. 
This  area  will  probably  be  increased  in  proportion  as  more  lands  are 
brought  under  irrigation.  As  the  means  of  irrigation  are  being  im- 
proved year  by  year,  it  is  probable  that  in  time  there  will  be  a  consider- 
able increase  in  the  production  of  cotton,  as  it  is  one  of  the  best-paying 
crops.  It  is  thought  that  next  season's  crop  will  be  still  larger  than 
that  of  last  year,  although  it  is  impossible  to  give  any  idea  of  the  exact 
increase  of  area. 

PRICES  AND  EXPORTS. 

During  the  last  cotton  season  prices  have  been  very  low.  It  will  be 
observed  by  a  glance  at  the  following  table  that  only  on  four  previous 
occasions  have  the  prices  of  Egyptian  cotton  been  so  depressed,  viz, 
in  the  years  1813,  1845,  1848,  and  1851. 

Table  showing  the  exportation  and  average  price  of  cotton  from  1x21  to  1892. 


Year. 

Average 
pric<  per 

cantar 

of  98 

pounds. 

Exports 
(cantars). 

Tear. 

Average 
price  per 

cantar 

of  98 

pounds. 

Exports 
(cantars) . 

Year. 

Average 
price  per 

cantar 
of  98 

pounds. 

Exports 
(cantars). 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

L825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1*33 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1 837 

1838 

1-::.' 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

$16.  00 
15.50 
15.50 
17.00 
13.00 

13.00 
13.00 

12.00 

10. 50 

I'.".,  mi 
30.  7.'. 
25.  25 
18.50 
13.  00 
i:..  "ii 
18.25 
13.00 
13.25 
10.00 
7.  7.". 
18.00 

908 
35, 108 
159,426 
228,078 

218, 312 
210.  181 
159.  642 

104,  920 
213,585 
186,675 

56,067 

14::.  B92 
213,604 

315,  i7o 

134,097 
159,30] 

211,030 
261,064 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 

1853 

1854 

1855 

1856 

1857 



1859 



1861 

1862 

1863 

L864 

$6.00 
10.25 
10.00 

7.  25 
10.00 
11.75 

8.75 
10.  25 
10.00 

9.00 

9.25 
10.75 
16.25 
12.75 
12.00 
12.25 
14.00 
23.00 
36.25 
45.  mi 
31.75 
35.25 
22.  50 
19.00 

344.  955 
202.  040 
257,  492 
119,965 

257.  510 
364,  81G 

:w4,4:;o 

070,  129 
477,390 
477,  905 
520,  886 
539, 885 
490,960 
519,  537 
502,645 
501,415 
596, 200 
721,052 

1,718,791 
2,001.  169 
-   762 
1,260.946 
1,  253.  455 

1S69 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1S74 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

18S1 

1882 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

$23. 00 
19.50 
15.  75 
21.00 
18.55 
16.15 
14.95 
18.85 
13.70 
12.25 

13.  60 

14.  05 
14.  35 
13.75 
15.00 
13.50 
12.55 
11.  00 
12.00 
13.75 
16.00 
13.40 
11.50 

8.75 

1, 289,  714 

1,  351, 797 
1.900,215 
2, 108, 500 

2.  013.  433 
2, 575. 048 
2,200.443 
3,007,719 
2,  439, 157 
2,583,610 
1, 680, 595 
3,123,515 
2,792,  184 
2,  846,  237 
2,  293,  537 
2, 686,  382 
2,591,486 

2,  904, 842 

3,  025,  965 
3,598,327 

2.018.041) 



1868 

1890 

1891 

1892 

3,490,  108 
4, 159, 405 
4, 750, 000 

I  am  informed  by  the  Alexandria  General  Produce  Association  that 
this  fall  in  prices  is  entirely  attributable  to  the  enormous  crop  in 
America.  1  must  add,  however,  that  the  last  Egyptian  crop  was  the 
largest  ever  produced,  reaching  4,750,000  cantars.  Therefore,  the  low 
prices  can  be  attributed  to  the  general  overproduction  of  the  world. 


224     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 
COST  OP  PRODUCTION  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND. 

The  cost  of  production  on  large  farms  in  Egypt  is  about  $9.74  to 
$12.17  per  acre,  exclusive  of  the  land  tax,  which  varies  from  $1  to  $7.41 
per  acre.  The  small  Arab  cultivator,  who  works  with  his  family  on  his 
3  or  4  feddans  (the  feddan  is  1.038,  say  l.f5-?  acres),  can  produce  cotton 
much  cheaper.  The  average  production  of  lint  per  acre  is  about  340 
pounds,  but  good  lands  will  yield  as  much  as  700  pounds. 

Owing  to  the  absence  of  any  regular  statistics  it  is  difficult  to  say 
exactly  what  is  the  cost  of  land  in  Egypt.  There  is  no  sort  of  relation 
between  the  value  of  land  and  its  taxation.  I  am  informed  that  the 
highest  rate  common  for  cotton  lands  in  Lower  Egypt  is  $7.50  to  $8 
per  acre.  With  that  tax  good  lands  sell  for  $100,  $150,  and,  in  rare 
cases,  even  for  $200,  but  on  many  inferior  lands  this  tax  is  so  crushing 
that  they  are  almost  unsalable. 

GINNING,   PRESSING,   ETC. 

The  cotton  gins  used  in  Egypt  are  Piatt's  patent  roller-gins.  The 
total  number  of  ginning  mills  throughout  Upper  and  Lower  Egypt  is 
about  one  hundred.  They  are  distributed  in  all  the  chief  cotton  centers. 
Large  towns  like  Mansoorah,  Zagazig,  Cafr  Zayat,  Tantah,  and  Mehala- 
el-Kebir  have  from  ten  to  twenty  mills  each.  There  are  hydraulic 
presses  attached  to  nearly  all  the  mills,  so  that  the  cotton  comes  from 
the  mills  to  Alexandria  in  hydraulic-pressed  bales.  Only  about  four 
of  the  interior  mills  have  steam-presses.  With  the  exception  of  the 
bales  sent  from  these  four  mills  all  the  cotton  is  steam-pressed  in 
Alexandria  before  exportation.  From  two  or  three  places  cotton  is 
still  sent  to  Alexandria  in  bags  of  about  2£  cantars  each,  but  the  bale 
system  is  increasing  every  year. 

During  the  busiest  season,  say  during  October,  November,  December, 
and  January,  most  of  the  larger  mills  work  night  and  day.  In  this 
case  there  are  two  relays  of  employes  who  work  twelve  hours  each, 
turn  and  turn  about.  When  business  slackens,  the  working  hours  are 
from  fifteen  to  sixteen  per  day,  beginning  at  6  a.  m.  and  ending  at  9 
p.  m.  But  in  these  cases  only  one  set  of  hands  is  employed,  whose 
daily  wages  are  reckoned  at  the  rate  of  one  and  one-third  days  to  the 
day  of  fifteen  to  sixteen  hours.  Wages  vary  a  good  deal,  according  to 
the  district,  namely,  from  10  to  25  cents  per  diem  for  ordinary  hands. 
As  the  season  comes  gradually  to  a  close  the  mills  work  very  irregu- 
larly. 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

The  large  cotton  merchants  are  nearly  all  resident  in  Alexandria. 
They  send  their  agents  among  the  villages  to  purchase  the  cotton  from 
the  various  growers.  It  is  then  sent  to  the  nearest  mills,  where  it  is 
ginned  and  pressed  in  hydraulic  bales,  after  which  it  is  transported  by 
rail  or  boat  to  Alexandria.  Here  it  is  pressed  by  steam-presses  into 
bales  weighing  from  750  to  780  pounds,  and  measuring  about  20  cubic 
feet.     It  is  then  ready  for  exportation. 

LOCAL   CONSUMPTION. 

The  only  consumption  of  cotton  in  Egypt  is  for  stuffing  pillows  and 
mattresses.  This  need  not  be  taken  into  account,  as  it  is  chiefly  waste 
cotton. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


225 


EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  FROM  EGYPT,  1873  TO  1893. 

Statement  of  exports  of  cotton  from  Alexandria,  Egypt,  for  each  year  (ending  August  SI) 
since  1873,  prepared  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  official  reports  of  the 
Alexandria  Produce  Association. 

(As  no  cotton  is  shipped  from  Egypt,  except  through  Alexandria,  and  as  prac- 
tically no  cotton  is  consumed  in  Egj  pt,  the  exports  from  Alexandria,  as  given  below, 
represent  quite  accurately  the  Egyptian  crop  of  each  season.  Up  to  1881  the  baits 
weighed  about  62\)  pounds,  but  at  present  the  average  weight  per  bale  is  about  714 
pounds  net.) 


Year    1      To     1  To  the  1   Total 

Tear 

To     1  To  the 

Total 

Year    |      To     1  To  the 

Total 

ending  |  Great     Conti-       ex- 

ending 

Great     Conti- 

ex- 

ending    Great     Conti- 

ex- 

August Britain,    nent.   I  ports. 

August 

Britain,     nent. 

ports. 

August  Britain,     nent. 

ports. 

31— 

(Bales.) 

(Bales.)  (Bales.) 

31— 

(Bales.)  (Bales.) 

(Bales.) 

31—      (Bales.)  (Bales.) 

(Bales.) 

1874.... 

312, 000 

98,  000   410,  000 

1881... 

258,000    147,000 

405,  000 

1888...  !249.  000   162,000 

411,000 

1875.... 

273,  000 

74, 000  1347.  000  i 

1882  . . . 

246,000    177,000 

423,  000 

1889  ...  '.'27,000    102.000 

389, 000 

1876 311,000   161,  000  [472,  000  : 

1883  . . . 

236, 000  1  93, 000 

329. 000 

1890  ...  207.000    166,000 

433,  000 

1877  ....  300, 000   138,  000   438,  000 

1884  . . . 

250,000  1 134,  000 

384,  000 

1891a..  301,000   237,000 

538,  000 

1878 237,  000    163,  000  J400,  000 

1885  . . . 

299,000    201.000    500.000 

1892o..|o57,  000   263.000 

620,  000 

1879 174,000     81,000   255,  000 

1886 . . . 

233,000    177.000    410,000 

1893c.  1359, 000   319.000 

678, 000 

1880....  291,  000    165,000    456,000  i 

1                 1                 1                 1 

1887  . . . 

265,000   153,000   418,000 

a  Including  18,790  bales  to  United  States.  b  Including  25,573  bales  to  United  States, 

c  Including  38,765  bales  to  United  States. 

Cotton  Acreage  in  Egypt  and  Yield  Per  Acre. 

(From  "Cotton  Tacts.") 


Season  of — 

Acres. 

Season  of— 

Acres. 

Season  of— 

Acres. 

1882  83  

719,  000 
808.  000 
902, 000 
935,  000 

1  1886  87 

908,  000 

80S,  ( 

1,  047,  000 
885,  000 

1890  91 

888,  000 

1883  84  . . 

1  1887-88 

1891  92 

863, 000 

1884-85  

1888-8!) 

1892-93 

950,  000 

1885-86  

:  1889  90  

Assuming  the  yearly  exports  as  given  in  the  preceding  table  as  repre- 
senting the  annual  crops  for  the  respective  seasons,  the  yearly  yield 
of  lint  cotton  per  acre  since  1882  (in  fractions  of  a  bale)  would  be 
approximately  as  follows: 


Season  of— 

Hun- 
dredths of 
a  bale. 

Season  of — 

Hun- 
dredths of 
a  bale. 

Season  of— 

Hun- 
dredths of 
a  bale. 

1882-83  

.46 
.48 

.  .v. 

.44 

1886-87  

.46 
.48 
.37 
.49 

1890  91 .., 

.61 

1883-84  

1887  B8  

1891  92  . . . 

.72 

1884-85  

I--  •   -:i 

1892-93  

.71 

1885-86  

The  bales  average  about  714  pounds  net,  and  the  average  yield  for 
the  eleven  seasons  based  upon  the  above  acreage  figures  was  about 
380  pounds  lint  cotton  per  acre. 

Alf.  B.  Shepperson, 

Secretary. 
COT — VOL  2 15 


226         cotton  culture,  cotton  manufactures,  and 

The  Consumption  of  Egyptian  and  Peruvian  Cotton  in  the 

United  States. 

(From  "  Cotton  Facts  "  for  December,  1893.) 

Although  the  United  States  produced  in  1892-93  about  twice  as 
much  cotton  as  the  combined  crops  of  India,  Egypt,  Brazil,  Peru, 
Turkey,  and  the  West  Indies,  they,  nevertheless,  imported  more  Egyp- 
tian and  Peruvian  cotton  than  during  any  previous  season.  Sending 
cotton  to  America  would  seem  very  much  like  "carrying  coals  to  New- 
castle,"' yet  the  importation  of  these  foreign  cottons  is  increasing,  and 
for  obvious  reasons,  they  do  not  especially  conflict  with  American  cot- 
ton. Indeed,  the  use  of  Egyptian  cotton  has  been  beneficial,  inasmuch 
as  it  has  developed  a  profitable  business  in  manufactures  for  which 
American  cotton  is  not  so  well  suited.  Egyptian  cotton  has  a  long, 
strong,  silky  staple  from  1£  to  If  inches  in  length.  It  is  especially 
adapted  for  thread,  fine  yarns,  fine  underwear  aud  hosiery  (such  as 
"  Balbriggau,"  etc.),  and  for  goods  requiring  smooth  finish  and  high 
lustre.  It  gives  to  fabrics  a  soft  finish  somewhat  like  silk  goods,  and 
this  character,  together  with  its  lustre,  makes  it  desirable  for  use  in 
cotton-mixed  silk  goods.  It  is  claimed  that  dyed  and  printed  goods 
made  of  Egyptian  cotton  retain  their  color  and  lustre  longer  than 
fabrics  made  of  American  upland  cotton. 

Egyptian  cotton  is  not  as  fine  as  "South  Carolina  Sea  Islands,"  and, 
of  course,  does  not  bring  so  high  a  price,  but  for  such  purposes  as  I 
have  indicated  it  is  better  than  American  upland  cotton,  and  it  sells  in 
Liverpool  about  a  penny  a  pound  higher.  It  is  put  up  in  compressed 
bales  weighing  about  750  pounds  gross,  and  is  sold  at  actual  net  weight. 

Daring  the  season  of  1890-91  nearly  19,000  bales  were  shipped  direct 
from  Alexandria  to  the  United  States,  besides  5,000  bales  from  Liver- 
pool. The  first  direct  importations  from  Alexandria  were  made  during 
that  season;  all  previous  importations  having  been  from  Liverpool. 

The  largely  increased  use  of  Egyptian  cotton  by  American  spinners 
in  recent  years  is  greatly  due  to  the  untiring  efforts  of  Mr.  Fr.  Jac. 
Andres,  of  Boston  (formerly  of  New  York),  to  bring  its  advantages  to 
the  attention  of  manufacturers.  Mr.  Andres  was  the  first  American 
merchant  to  import  direct  from  Alexandria,  and  his  importations  in 
1890-91  exceeded  those  of  all  others. 

The  imports  of  Egyptian  cotton  into  the  United  States  for  seasons 
ending  August  .'»1  are  as  follows: 

1884-85,  t,553  bales;  1885-86,  3,815  bales;  1886-87,  4,700  bales;  1887- 
88,  5,792  bales;  1888-89,  8,430  bales;  18S9-90,  10,470  bales;  1890-91, 
23,790  bah-s;  1891-92,27,739  bales;  1892-93,  42,475  bales. 

Rough  Peruvian  cotton  (so called  to  distinguish  it  from  a  fine  grade 
of  cotton  grown  in  the  southern  part  of  Peru,  and  which  never  comes 
to  this  country)  has  a  strong,  rough,  woolly,  crinkly  Staple,  about  If 
to  \.\  inches  long.  As  it  is  of  the  "  tree  cotton  "variety  (such  as  grows 
in  Brazil)  it  is  entirely  tree  from  sand  or  dust,  and  is  usually  very  clean 
and  well  handled.     The  loss  in  carding  does  not  exceed  2  per  cent  and 

the  loss  in  spinning,  owing  to  the  length  and  strength  of  staple,  is  very 

trilling.  It  is  called  ■•  vegetable  wool,"  and  when  carded  its  resem- 
blance is  80  close  and  its  charactei  ict ics  so  strikingly  similar  to  wool 
that  it  would  readily  be  taken  for  wool,  even  by  a  dealer.    When  woven 

into  goods  along  with  wool  thecotton  fibres  cannot  be  determined  with 

any  certainty  except  by  using  chemical  tests. 

This  cotton  is  sold  exclusively  to  manufacturers  of  woolen  goods  for 
the  purpose  of  mixing  w  ith  wool,     it  reduces  the  tendency  of  the  goods 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  227 

to  shrink,  and  at  the  same  time  it  causes  a  very  considerable  shrinkage 

in  their  cost.  1  cannot  learn  of  any  sales  of  this  cotton  to  cotton  mills. 
It  is  all  used  by  manufacturers  of  woolen  goods,  underwear,  and  hosiery, 
who  doubtless  put  it  where  it  will  do  the  most  or  the  least  good,  depend- 
ing- upon  whether  the  matter  is  viewed  from  the  manufacturer's  or  the 
wearer's  standpoint. 

The  crop  of  rough  Peruvian  cotton  varies  from  15,000  to  50,000  bales, 
and  the  greater  part  of  it  goes  to  Great  Britain.  It  is  put  up  in  bales 
of  about  180  pounds. 

The  importation  into  the  United  States  for  calendar  years  (January 
1  to  December  31)  since  1885  have  been  as  follows:  1885,  14  bales; 
1880,  843  bales;  1887,  2,493  bales;  1888,  4.279  bales:  1889,  7,(350  bales; 
1890,9,500  bales;  1891.10,515  bales;  1S92,  13,000  bales;  1893,  about 
24,000  bales. 

If  the  trainers  of  the  McKinley  tariff  had  known  of  the  peculiar  qual- 
ities of  this  cotton  it  would  doubtless  have  been  subjected  to  a  good 
round  duty  in  the  interest  of  the  woolgrowers  of  the  United  States. 

Alf.  B.  Shepperson. 

New  York,  December,  1893. 


Report  of  Robert  M.  Boyd,  vice-consul-general  at  Bangkok,  Siam. 

JUXE  29TH,  1893. 

"Kapok." — White  cotton  tree  of  Java  to  be  distinguished  from  the 
silk  cotton-tree  of  India,  two  distinct  species. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Tree  20  to  30  fe^t  high,  soft  greenish  bark,  branches  growing  out  at 
right  angles  to  stem.  It  is  deciduous  and  found  principally  in  southern 
part  of  Siam  and  all  "Polynesia."  The  pods  contain  a  soft,  silky  floss, 
in  which  the  black  seeds  are  imbedded  and  from  which  they  are  very 
easily  separated.  The  stem  yields  a  fiber,  but  of  no  great  strength. 
Tree  grown  from  cutting  or  seeds.  Large  trees  can  be  moved  without 
loss  of  life.  Life  of  tree  about  30  years:  will  grow  anywhere  in  a 
regular  climate.  Being  impervious  to  white  ants  is  therefore  used 
extensively  in  Dutch  colonies  as  telegraph  poles.  The  cotton  is  used 
here  as  a  filling  for  mattresses.  This  is  the  only  variety  exported  from 
Siam  and  in  small  quantities. 

ASIATIC   COTTON. 

Gossypium  Herbaceuin  grows  principally  in  Siam  Malay  states.  Bush 
about  4  feet  high.  Leaves  hairy:  whitish  yellow  flower  with  purple 
center.     Seeds  greenish  white,  not  adherent  to  the  cotton. 

CONSUMPTION. 

Natives  in  interior  spin  in  a  very  crude  way  with  a  jenny,  and  thus 
produce  a  line  yarn;  cloth  produced  therefrom  very  durable.  None  of 
this  can  be  found  on  the  market.  The  industry  is  dying  out  in  the  face 
of  cheaper  and  better  colored  yarns  introduced  from  Europe, 


228     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

This  cotton  could  be  grown  to  an  enormous  extent  in  Siam  on  the 
river  alluvials,  which  extend  for  hundreds  of  miles,  the  soil  of  which  is 
a  jet-black  fatty  loam,  while  the  seasons  are  in  every  way  suited  to 
this  culture. 

Should  any  enterprising  cultivator  (and  such  are  not  to  be  found  here) 
turn  his  attention  to  growing  cotton,  there  is  not  much  doubt  but  that 
his  efforts  would  be  crowned  with  success,  owing  to  labor  being  exceed- 
ingly low  (about  15  cents  per  day). 

The  lands  here,  like  our  American  cotton  lands,  are  subject  to  inun- 
dations, while  the  flood  waters  are  as  full  of  rich  sediment  as  the  river 
Nile. 

No  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  or  cotton  and  other  libers  is  carried 
on  here,  except  where  particularly  pointed  out,  and  that  to  no  extent. 

JUTE 

is  not  cultivated  in  Siam;  but  perhaps  no  place  in  the  world  is  more 
suitable  for  such  growth,  where  conditions  of  soil,  climate,  and  labor 
are  all  that  could  be  desired. 

Ananassa  sativa — pineapple  fiber — a  fine,  strong,  silky  fiber  of  great 
length  (2  to  3  feet),  used  where  great  strength  is  required;  grows  like 
a  weed ;  leaves  can  be  gathered  all  the  year  round ;  steeped  about  3 
weeks  in  water,  then  combed  (if  water  be  clear  and  running),  the  long 
silky  filaments  are  as  white  as  silver.  Used  principally  by  natives  for 
fishing  lines  and  nets.    No  export. 

"Aloe"  yields  a  longer  and  coarser  fiber  than  pineapple,  leaves  more 
fleshy,  treatment  more  difficult,  and  color  of  fiber  not  so  good;  very 
Uttle  used.    No  export. 

RAMIE. 

Eamie  grows  as  a  weed,  its  cultivation  and  use  being  practically 
unknown,  only  being  used  for  fishing  lines.     No  export. 

Manila  hemp  grows  luxuriantly  here. 

Millions  of  cocoanuts  are  consumed  yearly,  while  the  husk  (of  which 
coir  rope  and  fiber  are  made)  is  thrown  away  as  worthless.  Many 
other  fiber,  etc.,  could  be  mentioned  that  might  come  in  competition 
with  cotton  if  such  industry  was  only  developed. 


Report  of  Win.  Morey,  U.  8.  consul  at  Colombo,  Ceylon. 

OCTOBKK  29,  1892. 
COTTON  CULTIVATION. 

No  considerable  amount  of  cotton  is  grown  in  Ceylon.  The  soil  is 
unsuitable  and  the  climate  too  warm  and  moist.  A  moiety  of  what  is 
grown  is  too  short  in  staple  for  manufacturing  purposes,  and  is  used 
in  upholstery. 

In  the  year  L890  a  cotton  mill  went  into  operation  in  Colombo,  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  10,000  spindles  and  LJl'O  looms. 

The  cotton  used  by  tin's  mill  was  mostly  Indian  cotton,  from  Tinne- 
velly,  supplemented  with  a  small  quantity  of  Ceylon  grown  cotton, 
raised  experimentally,  from  Egyptian  and  American  soil. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  229 

Report  of  B.  8.  Rairden,  U.  S.  consul  at  Batavia,  Java. 

JULY  18,  1893. 
CULTIVATION  OF   COTTON   (KAPOK)   IN  JAVA. 

As  cotton  is  cultivated  in  .ill  parts  of  Java,  but  on  a  very  linited 
scale,  1  can  not  ascertain  the  area  devoted  to  its  cultivation. 

The  amount  raised  yearly  is  estimated  at  about  1,300  tons,  but  it  is 
impossible  to  estimate  amount  raised  per  acre. 

In  Java  there  is  about  half  of  the  yearly  produce  (650  tons)  used  for 
mattresses,  cushions,  etc.,  but  none  used  for  clothes  or  threads,  there 
being  no  manufactories  in  Java  for  weaving  cloths.  It  is  a  new  export 
from  Java,  and  the  largest  exportation  was  in  1892,  being  31,064  bales, 
which  were  mostly  exported  to  Holland  and  Australia.  A  few  ship- 
ments have  been  exported  to  other  countries  as  sample  shipments  and 
in  the  future  it  is  expected  the  exportation  of  this  article  will  increase 
with  the  cultivation. 

There  is  only  one  quality  grown,  which  is  well  ginned  and  cleaned 
before  consumption  and  exportation.  There  is  also  only  one  kind  of 
seeds,  being  of  a  small  kind  with  white  pulp  inside. 

The  mode  of  cultivation  is  very  simple;  the  usual  and  quickest  mode 
to  obtain  the  kapok  is  to  cut  a  branch  from  the  kapok  tree  and  trans- 
plant it  in  the  ground;  the  seeds  are  also  planted,  but  it  takes  about 
six  months  before  the  tree  planted  from  seeds  will  bear  kapok,  whereas 
by  the  former  mode  it  is  quite  common  to  obtain  kapok  in  two  months 
from  the  time  the  branch  is  transplanted.  The  planting  is  usually 
done  during  the  rainy  season,  November  to  March,  when  the  trees 
grow  with  great  rapidity  and  grow  to  a  large  size.  First  comes  the 
Sower,  which  falls  off  and  the  shell  of  the  fruit  begins  to  grow;  this 
resembles  a  large  beau  when  growing  on  the  vine,  beginning  small  and 
green  in  color,  and  when  ripe  black  and  large.  If  left  alone  the  fruit 
will  fall  from  the  tree  when  ripe,  but  if  plucked  before  being  ripe  it  is 
of  no  value;  the  fruit  often  opens  before  falling  from  the  tree.  When 
the  fruit  is  gathered  it  is  broken  open  and  the  kapok  taken  from  the 
iuside;  the  kapok  is  cleaned  and  ginned  so  as  to  obtain  the  seeds, 
which  are  all  among  the  kapok,  and  sold  by  the  pound  at  from  10  to  15 
cents. 

I  have  been  unable  to  ascertain  amount  of  land  in  each  district 
adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  kapok,  although  I  have  applied  to  the 
director  of  Government  gardens,  and  to  men  in  the  kapok  business; 
they  inform  me,  however,  that  a  yearly  increase  of  acreage  and  culti- 
vation of  this  article  is  anticipated  and  price  has  been  increasing  for 
the  last  three  years.  There  are  no  fibers  in  Java  that  compete  with  or 
displace  kapok  and  no  means  are  taken  to  substitute  wool,  hemp,  jute, 
flax,  or  ramie  for  kapok.  Also  no  means  are  taken  in  Java  to  mix 
kapok  with  other  libers. 

I  have  been  unable  to  obtain  any  book  treating  on  the  cultivation 
of  kapok,  and  although  I  have  communicated  with  the  custom-house 
officials  and  department  of  finance,  they  have  not  as  yet  furnished 
me  with  any  information  regarding  the  importation  of  cotton  materials 
such  as  cotton  threads  and  pure  and  mixed  cotton  cloths;  raw  cotton  is 
not  imported. 


230     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES  AND 

Report  of  B.  S.  Rairden,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Batavia,  Java. 

MARCH  17,  1S93. 

Jute,  henequen,  and  China  grass  (ramie)  do  not  grow  in  Nether- 
lands India. 

Sisal,  or  sisal  hemp,  is  newly  imported  into  Netherlands  India,  and 
as  yet  little  is  known  regarding  its  cultivation. 

Ramie,  imported  from  China,  is  grown  in  Java  and  cultivated  on  the 
same  principal  as  paddy.  The  temperature  of  the  climate  where  it  is 
cultivated  is  about  70°  in  the  summer  months — from  November  to 
April — and  00°  in  the  winter  months — from  April  to  November.  There 
is  only  one  crop  a  year,  grown  during  the  rainy  season — from  November 
to  April.  Before  sowing  the  seeds,  wThich  is  done  usually  in  December, 
the  soil  must  be  well  dressed  with  manure.  The  seeds  are  sown  on 
the  top  of  the  ground  and  covered  with  mats,  which  must  be  kept 
well  watered,  so  as  to  be  always  damp.  As  soon  as  the  seeds  have 
taken  root  the  mats  are  removed,  and  the  plants  are  allowed  to  grow 
till  about  10  inches  high,  when  they  are  transplanted  about  6  inches 
apart.  After  being  tran  Syrian  ted  the  ground  must  be  kept  moist,  and 
this  is  done  by  inundation,  as  with  paddy.  After  nearly  four  months 
the  plant  is  gathered  (cut  near  the  ground),  dried,  and  packed  in  bales 
of  GO  to  100  pounds  in  weight,  and  is  used  for  making  ropes  and  twine. 
As  far  as  I  can  ascertain  there  is  not  enough  grown  for  export,  and  the 
bales  are  only  roughly  packed  for  transportation  through  the  island. 
This  is  done  by  hand,  as  is  also  the  rope-making. 


Report  of  Mr.  Theivenot,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Pedang,  Sumatra. 

OCTORER  22,  1892. 

In  reply  to  circular  of  August  29,  I  beg  to  state  that  no  cotton  is 
planted  on  this  Island. 


Report  of  Augustine  Heard,   TJ.  S.  consul-general  at  Korea. 

JANUARY  20,  1893. 

I  must  premise  by  stating  that  as  no  precise  statistics  are  kept  in 
Korea,  and  as  the  business  habits  of  the  people  are  exceedingly  loose 
and  irregular,  it  is  very  difficult — impossible,  indeed — to  procure  exact 
information  on  any  subject,  and  the  following  remarks  are  offered  as 
only  approximately  correct,  excepting  as  regards  the  custom-house 
statistics,  which  are  under  foreign  control;  and  even  these  can  not  be 
relied  on  when  values  are  stated,  as  an  ad  valorem  tariff  leads  to  under- 
valuation. 

Cultivated  Lands  are  taxed  in  Korea,  and  the  books  of  the  treasury 
show  an  area  of  L90,000  acres  devoted  to  cotton  cultivation.  It  is  unnec- 
essary to  say,  however,  that  the  whole  of  the  legitimate  tax  does  not 
reach  the  central  Government.  Korea,  in  this  respect,  does  not  differ 
from  her  western  sisters.  A  part  is  retained  by  the  governors  of  the 
provinces  and  a  part  is  otherwise  diverted,  so  that  1  estimate  that  not 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  231 

more  than  one-fourth  of  what  is  strictly  exigible  is  thus  represented. 
This  agrees  with  estimates  derived  from  other  sources,  and  the  total 
area,  as  the  result  of  various  inquiries,  may  be  put  at  870,000  acres. 

These  produce  annually  800,000,000  pounds  of  unclean  cotton  at  a 
price  of  about  3  cents  Mexican  per  lb.  It  is  cleaned  by  hand  machines, 
reducing  the  quantity  to  pounds  200,000,000,  or  about  230  lbs.  per  acre, 
costing,  with  the  expense  of  cleaning.  ll>  cents  Mexican,  or  0  cents  gold 
per  lb.;  and,  estimating  the  population  at  15,000,000,  which  is  hy  no 
means  excessive  (estimates  ranging  from  8,000,000  to  25,000,000),  we 
have  an  annual  production  or  consumption  (tor  it  is  all  consumed  in  the 
country)  of  13£  lbs.  per  head.  This  appears  small  when  Ave  reflect  that 
cotton  forms  almost  the  only  dress  of  the  entire  nation,  winter  and  sum- 
mer, and  that  the  winter  garments  are  padded  with  the  same  material. 

1  arrive  at  this  result  by  allowing  one  winter  and  one  summer  dress 
every  two  years  to  each  Korean,  rich  and  poor,  and  a  yearly  average 
of  15  pairs  of  cotton  socks,  which  are  worn  padded  in  all  seasons,  a 
peculiarity  of  Korean  dress.     Thus: 

2  years.  1  year. 

2  8ii its  of  clothes,  say 15  lbs. 

Padding  of  winter  dress 2   "  =17— 2=  8£  lbs. 

15  pairs  of  socks 4£  lbs. 

13   lbs. 

It  is  also  used  to  some  extent  for  the  tilling  of  beds. 

The  export  which  goes  to  Jap  an  is  apparently  in  excess  of  the  imports; 
but  this  is  only  apparent,  as  the  export  consists  of  uncleaned  cotton, 
whereas  the  import  is  cleaned,  and  the  real  figures  for  1891  show  an 
excess  of  imports  of  2,573  picnls,  or  343,007  lbs. 

There  is  also  a  fair  consumption  of  foreign  goods,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  appended  tables.  Supposing  that  the  entire  import  is  used  for 
clothing,  I  estimate  that  it  would  provide  about  3,500,000  summer 
suits. 

Cotton  is  grown  chiefly  in  the  provinces  of  Whang-Hai,  Ohul-La,  and 
Kyny-Tanj,  and  to  some  extent  in  Ohuy-Chong,  and  Kyunj  llai;  not  at 
all  in  Kanj-Won,  and  so  little  in  Haiu-Kyenj  and  Pgenj-An  that  no  tax 
is  levied  upon  it  for  the  Central  Government. 

The  product  of  Pyenj-An,  however,  though  small  in  quantity,  is  the 
best  in  quality,  and  that  of  Whanj-Hai  ranks  next. 

It  is  impossible  to  state  exactly  now  much  land  is  available  for  cot- 
ton growing  and  not  so  used;  but  it  may  be  said  to  be  practically 
unlimited,  and  dependent  simply  on  price  and  demand. 

Probably  half  of  the  tillable  land  of  the  kingdom  might  be  so  culti- 
vated. 

But  a  small  portion  of  the  available  land  is  utilized  for  cotton,  and  it 
might  be  supposed  that  the  production  would  increase  with  thegrowth 
of  the  population  or  prosperity  of  the  nation.  It  is,  however,  an  expen- 
sive crop  and  requires  a  good  deal  of  care.  The  consumption  of  foreign 
goods  is  also  steadily  increasing,  and  if  the  value  of  silver  were  to  rise 
the  price  of  these  could  be  lowered  to  the  consumer,  and  this  consump- 
tion increased  at  the  expense  of  the  native  fabric.  This,  however,  is 
more  durable,  and  for  the  great  mass  of  the  laboring  people  will  be 
on  that  account  preferred,  as  has  been  found  to  be  the  case  in  China, 
while  the  richer  classes  would  be  likely  to  prefer,  and  do  prefer,  the 
better  looking,  smoother  goods  of  foreign  make.  The  rise  of  silver 
would  moreover  permit  the  increased  importation  of  cotton  yarn,  and 
also,  perhaps,  of  raw  cotton  from  America,  which  has  already  found  its 
way  in  small  quantities  to  Japan.    Any  cheapening  of  freight,  too,  by 


232 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


the  opening  of  the  Nicaragua  Canal,  or  otherwise,  would  tend  to  create 
or  enlarge  a  demand  for  it  in  China,  Japan,  and  Korea. 

CULTIVATION. 

Cotton  was  brought  into  Korea  about  500  years  ago  from  China. 

The  soil  and  climate  of  Korea  have,  however,  improved  the  original 
stock  and  given  it  a  longer  staple,  producing  a  firmer  thread. 

It  is  not  an  annual,  but  it  is  found  more  profitable  to  uproot  it  after 
harvesting  the  crop  and  sow  new  seed  each  year.  The  dead  stalk  is 
used  for  fuel  and  its  ashes  for  manure.  The  method  of  cultivation  is 
much  the  same  as  in  China.  The  plant  blossoms  in  August  and  on  an 
average  bears  40  pods  (bolls),  each  containing  four  cells,  as  a  rule,  within 
a  double  capsule.  The  gathering  of  the  crop,  which  begins  late  in  Sep- 
tember, continues  till  frost  sets  in,  sometime  in  November.  The  plant 
flourishes  best  in  a  sandy  loam  soil  on  the  low  hillsides,  or  in  the  val- 
leys, in  weather  slightly  moist  from  the  sowing  of  the  seed  till  it  appears 
above  ground  and  blossoms.  After  this  dry  weather  is  essential,  rain 
checking  the  proper  maturing  of  the  fiber. 

The  crops  are  gathered  principally  by  women,  who  are  also  largely 
employed  afterward  in  separating  the  seed.  The  instrument  used  by 
the  natives  is  the  primative  roller  gin,  and  a  woman  will  turn  out  about 
3  pounds  clean  cotton  from  12  pounds  of  seed  cotton  per  day. 

Some  Japanese  have  recently  introduced  into  Fusan  machines  of  the 
saw-gin  type,  and  obtain  35  pounds  clean  from  140  pounds  of  seed  cotton 
per  day,  the  proportion  of  one  to  four  being  usual. 

The  Korean  fiber  is  considered  as  superior  in  durability  and  warmth- 
giving  qualities  to  that  produced  in  China  or  Japan,  and  consequently 
the  latter,  when  imported,  is  used  almost  entirely  for  padding.  The 
native  cloth  is  all  made  in  private  houses,  largely  for  private  consump- 
tion, and  consequently  no  statistics  of  the  quantities  manufactured 
are  obtainable. 

COTTON-SEED   OIL. 

The  seed  is  pressed  for  oil,  which  is  used  for  illuminating  purposes, 
and  the  residue  serves  as  a  fertilizer.  In  this  process  the  seed  is  first 
broken  in  a  mortar  and  then  steamed  before  it  is  subjected  to  the  press. 
It  is  often  mixed  half  and  half  with  the  castor  bean,  which  improves 
the  quality  both  of  the  oil  and  of  the  residue. 

Export  of  cotton  and  cotton  piece  goods  to  foreign  ports. 


Tear. 

Seed  cotton. 

Price. 

Cotton  piece 
goods. 

Price. 

1889 

Pounds. 
5*4,  400 
905,900 
G73,  700 

Cents. 
3 
3 
3 

Pounds. 
4,032 
76lt 
1,106 

$0.24 

1890 

1891 

27 

The  cotton  cloth  was  all  aent  to  Japan,  where  it  was  used  for  bags 
and  for  hospital -mattress  coverings. 
No  cleaned  cotton  was  exported  during  these  years. 


SUBSTITUTES  FOR   COTTON. 


Sheep  (1<»  not  exist  in  Korea,  and  there  is  no  native  manufacture  of 
wool.     The  quantity  of  woolen  goods  imported  is  very  small,  as  the 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


233 


winter  clothing  of  the  people  is  made  of  cotton  padded,  and  the  only 
rivals  of  the  cotton  cloth  are  the  fabrics  of  hemp  or  grass.  These  are 
worn  very  generally  daring  the  summer,  and  always  for  mourning.  The 
finer  qualities  of  these  goods  are  more  expensive  than  cotton,  but  the 
coarser  are  within  the  reach  of  most;  and  the  consumption  of  them  is 
large. 

Cotton  is  used,  I  am  told,  as  woof  with  silk  warp,  and  either  as  woof 
or  warp  with  hemp,  but  these  mixtures  are  rarely  seen.  I  should  say 
that  the  consumption  of  cotton  is  increased  by  them. 

Import  of  cotton,  cotton  yarn,  and  cotton  piece  goods. 


Tear. 

Cotton. 

Price. 

Cotton 

yarn. 

Cotton 
piece  goods. 

1885 

rounds. 
146,  553 
51,  600 
68,  000 
247.  nun 
191,500 
250,  000 
511,000 

Cents. 
12.8 
9.9 
14.5 
14.7 
14.9 
13.8 
11 

Pounds. 
65,200 

84,  800 
92,  533 
116.  000 
140, 800 
192, 000 
277, 200 

1  'ii'ces. 
533,  657 

1886 

612,  731 

1887 

934,  980 

1888 

1,050.791 

1889 

827,  942 

1890 

1, 417,  742 

1891 

1, 506, 808 

The  figures  of  imports  and  exports  in  this  report  are  taken  from  the 
published  statistics  of  the  custom  house. 


Report  of  Edward  Bcdloe,  U.  S.  consul  at  Amoy,  China. 

MAY  18,  1893. 

The  United  States  consular  district  of  Amoy  and  its  dependencies 
comprises  about  three-fifths  of  the  province  of  Fokien  and  the  great 
island  of  Formosa  and  the  Pescadores,  containing  a  population  of  over 
40,000,000.  It  has  a  very  large  foreign  coast  and  inland  commerce.  It 
grows  an  insignificant  amount  of  cotton.  Under  wise  officials  numer- 
ous attempts  at  cotton  culture  have  been  made,  but  without  any  prac- 
tical success.  Fokien  seems  too  dry,  rocky,  and  too  extreme  in  its 
climatic  changes.  North  Formosa,  of  which  Tamsui  is  the  capital,  is 
too  wet  and  windy,  and  South  Formosa,  of  which  Taiwanfoo  is  the  cap- 
ital, does  not  seem  to  possess  the  proper  kind  of  soil.  Under  Governor 
Lin  Mingchang  extensive  experiments  were  made  in  both  North  and 
South  Formosa  to  raise  the  cotton  plant,  but  all  resulted  disastrously. 
The  entire  output  in  1891  did  not  exceed  700  bales. 

The  trade  in  cotton  and  its  manufactures  is  large  and  increasing. 
Its  extent  is  extremely  difficult  to  determine.  The  imperial  customs, 
which  are  under  foreign  management,  keep  accurate  records  of  all 
goods  imported  from  foreign  or  domestic  ports.  These  reports  are 
accessible  to  the  public.  The  likin  boards  (or  internal-revenue  officials) 
keep  records  of  all  brought  into  or  transported  in  the  interior,  but 
their  reports  are  absolutely  inaccessible.  All  that  the  merchants  know 
is  that  a  large  overland  trade  in  cotton  goods  exists  in  the  interior  of 
Fokien,  and  that  the  inland  markets  arc  supplied  from  Canton,  Hong- 
kong, Tonquin,  Swatow,  Cho\v-<  Jhow-foo,  Burmah,  and  even  Assam  and 
India.     Of  this,  however,  nothing  can  be  said  definitely.    The  customs 


234 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


records  show  that  in  1891  the  imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods  into 
Ainoy,  Tainsui  and  Taiwanfoo,  were  about  as  follows: 


Amoy. 


Tatnsni. 


Taiwanfoo. 


Shirt  inns — grey,  plain 

"  white,    "    

"  dyed,     "    

"  dyed,  figured,  and  brocaded 
T.  cloths-20  x  22.... 

I)o.        24x32 

Drills — English  and  American 

Sheetings— English 

"  American 

Chintz 

Turkey  red  shirtings 

Velvet 

Lawns 

Muslin 

Japan  crape 

Cotton  goods,  unclassed 

Cotton  yarn 

Cotton  thread 

Canvas 

Cotton — wool,  bats,  and  batting 


Dollars. 
75,  000 
195,  000 

12,  000 
8,000 
2,000 

95,  000 
3,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 

15,  000 
1,000 
2.500 

1,  500 
1.000 

13,  000 
1,  000,  000 

2,  000 
500 
500 


Dollars. 

70, 000 

152,  000 

4,000 

2,500 


1,000 


2,500 


1,  000 
1,  000 
1,000 
1,000 
500 
7,000 
8,000 
13,  000 


500 
500 


Dollars. 

32, 000 

35,  000 

500 

1,500 


11,000 
500 


1,  000 
3,500 


500 
3,  500 
8,000 


3,  000 
500 
500 


Making  a  total  of  $1,796,500. 


Cotton  yarn  comes  almost  exclusively  from  India,  that  country  hav- 
ing- driven  Great  Britain  practically  out  of  the  market.  The  trade  has 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Parsee  and  Chinese  merchants,  who  do  busi- 
ness on  a  much  smaller  margin  of  profit  than  do  their  European  and 
American  rivals.  A  small  quantity  of  yarn,  more  particularly  special 
spinnings,  comes  from  Manchester,  and  other  small  quantities  from 
other  countries.  None  comes  from  the  United  States.  Atone  time  the 
Chinese  made  most  of  their  own  yarn,  but  on  account  of  their  spinners 
refusing  to  change  the  old-fashioned  methods  and  of  the  Hindoos  adopt- 
ing the  most  modern  forms  of  machinery,  especially  English,  the  home 
manufacture  has  been  killed  in  the  coast  and  river  districts,  and  only 
survives  in  the  far-inland  provinces.  Here  it  is  still  done  by  hand,  as 
it  was  fifty  centuries  ago.  Women  are  taught  to  spin  in  early  child- 
hood, as  are  infirm  or  crippled  boys.  The  system  is  very  simple.  The 
raw  cotton  undergoes  a  preliminary  cleaning  at  the  hands  of  itinerant 
artisans.  They  lay  it  on  a  long  board,  and  then  strike  it  rapidly  with 
the  string  of  a  heavy  bow.  The  bow  hangs  from  a  bamboo  frame  fas- 
tened to  the  workman's  back.  He  adjusts  the  bow  with  his  left  hand 
and  uses  the  right  to  arrange  the  fiber.  The  concussion  of  the  bow- 
string shakes  out  the  seed  and  dirt,  and  at  the  same  time  breaks  the 
fiber  to  an  appreciable  extent.  A  skilled  hand  cleans  from  50  to  100 
pounds  per  diem,  and  is  paid  a  daily  wage  of  about  10  cts.,  or  a  round 
sum  on  contract  for  a  whole  lot.  The  seeds  are  separated  from  llie 
dirt  and  made  into  oil,  oil-cake,  fertilizer,  and  food  for  domestic  ani- 
mals. The  cotton-seed  oil  is  not  clarified  nor  used  as  a  food  substance. 
It  is  strained  and  used  for  illuminating.  Einer  qualities  are  sometimes 
used  for  cooking. 

The  cotton  is  now  spun  upon  an  ordinary  distaff  and  wheel.  The 
product  isa  very  fair  yarn  and,  according  to  the  demand  of  the  market, 
ranges  from  a  thin  thread  to  a  coarse  worsted,  in  districts  where  there 
are  large  fishing  interests  a  special  kind  is  spun  for  nets  and  fykes. 
The  latter  industry  is  also  on  the  decline,  owing  to  the  greater  cheap- 
ness of  cords  and  twines  spun  by  European  machinery.  When  a  large 
batch  of  yam  is  finished  it  is  generally  taken  to  the  nearest  market. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  235 

Infrequently  there  are  weavers  and  looms  in  the  smaller  villages,  but 
the  total  number  is  insignificant.  In  the  larger  cities  there  are  always 
mills  which  buy  the  yarns  and  from  them  turn  out  a  good  durable  cloth 
or  drill.  In  the  beginning  of  the  century  this  was  a  large  and  lucrative 
trade,  but  it  has  grown  smaller  and  poorer  every  year.  In  the  southern 
provinces,  where  transit  and  traffic  facilities  are  large,  tlie  trade  is 
practically  ruined.  So  complete  is  the  downfall  of  the  industry  that 
the  fanners  of  those  districts  who  formerly  grew  a  little  cotton,  whose 
wives  and  children  spun  and  wove  it,  and  who  supported  hundreds  of 
small  factories,  uow  find  it  more  profitable  to  raise  tea,  sugar, opium,  pea- 
nuts, vegetables,  and  other  agricultural  and  horticultural  products.  In 
the  districts  back  of  Amoy,  particularly  those  bordering  on  Cbi-Kiang 
and  the  Bo-Nan,  the  industry  is  not  quite  extinct.  In  the  northern 
provinces  it  still  prevails,  though  it  does  not  thrive.  The  long  winters 
give  so  much  leisure  time  to  the  vast  population  that  the  slender  finan- 
cial returns  from  spinning  and  weaving  are  in  many  instances  the  only 
sources  of  revenue  to  families  and  even  entire  communities.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  the  cloth  thus  made  is  exceptionally  good  and  strong  and 
is  always  in  demand  in  the  northern  market. 

Another  cause  of  these  industrial  changes,  which  seems  overlooked 
by  the  political  economist,  lies  in  the  increasing  demand  for  silk  and 
silk  fabrics.  Thus,  in  Wen  Chow  and  Tai  Chow,  north  of  Fokien,  the 
cotton  industry  is  being  replaced  by  silk.  The  Chinese  people  from 
time  immemorial  have  made  silk  their  favorite,  if  not  their  sole,  fash- 
ionable attire.  In  addition  to  supplying  themselves,  commerce  calls 
upon  them  more  and  more  to  supply  other  nations.  As  a  result,  many 
factories  which  once  purveyed  solely  to  home  consumption  now  turn 
out  their  work  for  foreign  customers  alone. 

The  natives  whom  they  formerly  supplied  have  been  obliged  to  look 
to  other  sources,  and  new  nulls  have  sprung  up  in  response  to  the 
demand.  The  industry  at  the  two  cities  named  is  prosperous,  and  deals 
in  special  tissues  for  Chinese  use  exclusively.  It  requires  so  much 
labor  in  the  cultivation  of  the  mulberry  tree  and  the  rearing  of  the 
cocoons  that  it  gives  regular  and  profitable  employment  to  thousands 
of  families  who  in  former  years  depended  entirely  upon  cotton  for  their 
support. 

Jn  cotton  cloths  the  markets  are  undergoing  several  changes.  In 
the  first  place  the  Chinese  merchant  is  taking  the  trade  away  from  the 
European.  He  is  satisfied  with  one-half  or  one-quarter  of  the  profit 
demanded  by  the  latter.  He  lives  economically  and  pays  his  clerks 
and  other  employes  a  monthly  wage  smaller  than  the  weekly  one  paid  to 
Europeans.  Were  it  not  for  his  singular  aversion  to  modern  systems 
of  banking  and  finance,  and  his  seeming  inability  to  master  the  intri- 
cacies of  exchange,  he  would  to  day  control  the  markets  of  China.  As 
it  is,  he  hires  his  European  competitors  to  attend  to  this  part  of  the 
business,  and  even  then  undersells  him  in  the  same  market. 

Secondly.  The  Chinese  buyer  has  been  deceived  so  often  by  the  adul- 
terator and  imitator  that  he  has  lost  much  of  his  former  confidence  in  for- 
eign goods.  English  woolens  and  cottons  were  once  prime  favorites,  but 
as  the  quality  depreciated  and  the  practice  of  weighting  tissues  increased 
they  lost  favor.  American  goods  then  came  into  prominence,  and  for 
a  considerable  period  led  the  market.  The  unscrupulous  dealer  took 
advantage  of  the  fact  to  put  American  trade-marks  on  the  flimsiest 
products  of  Lancashire.  The  profit  from  the  fraud  was  large  at  first. 
It  fell  away,  as  did  the  prestige  of  the  goods  themselves.  To-day  our 
cotton  tissues  are  in  good  demand,  but  the  native  confidence  in  them 


236     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES.  AND 

is  gone.  In  this  practice  of  counterfeiting  American  trade-  marks  A 
grieves  me  to  state  that  American  merchants  were  just  as  bad  as  Euro- 
peans. Both  initiated  and  continued  the  practice,  and,  to  add  insult 
to  injury,  both  taught  the  Chinese  jobbers  how  to  do  the  same  thing 
likewise. 

India,  Cochin  China,  and  Japan  are  entering  the  market,  and  are 
there  to  stay.  In  all  these  countries  labor  is  as  cheap  as  in  China,  and 
the  expense  of  living  is  equally  low.  In  addition,  they  have  learned  to 
use  American  and  European  textile  machinery.  In  consequence,  they 
turn  out  goods  which  are  stronger  and  more  honest  than  the  European, 
and  much  cheaper.  Thus,  for  example,  to-day  in  any  Chinese  coast 
port  you  can  buy  a  piece  of  Japanese  cotton  cloth  30  yards  long  and  30 
inches  wide  for  $4.50,  Mexican  (or  $3,  gold),  and  a  piece  20  yards  long 
and  30  inches  wide  for  $2.05,  Mexican,  or  $1.3,  gold.  This  is  20  per 
cent  cheaper  than  the  native  goods  and  15  per  cent  cheaper  than  those 
from  Hindustan.  It  is  cheaper  and  much  better  than  either  the  Eng- 
lish or  American  goods. 

Still  more  suggestive  to  the  careful  observer  is  the  fact  that  both 
Japan  and  India  are  improving  their  cotton  manufactures  in  quality, 
and  lessening  their  prices.  Twenty  years  ago  Indian  tissues  were 
practically  unknown,  as  were  Japanese  ten  years  ago.  They  have 
almost  gained  control  of  the  Chinese  markets,  and  in  another  decade, 
unless  something  unforeseen  occurs,  will  drive  Manchester  and  New 
York  to  the  wall.  In  the  competition  it  seems  probable  that  Japan 
will  overpower  India,  on  account  of  the  greater  intelligence,  energy, 
and  work  power  of  its  artisan  classes. 

Japan,  China,  and  India  are  silver  countries  ;  Europe  and  America, 
gold.  The  fluctuations  in  the  relations  of  the  two  metals  do  not  affect 
either  side  of  the  house,  but  do  exert  a  very  profound  influence  upon 
commerce  between  the  two.  The  present  conditions  benefit  the  Japa- 
nese and  Hindoo  mills  at  the  expense  of  the  European  and  American. 
A  few  years  ago  the  silver  and  gold  dollars  were  of  equal  value  :  now 
the  former  is  but  two-thirds  of  the  latter.  Sheetings,  sold  at  the 
same  price  to-day  as  ten  years  ago,  so  far  as  gold  is  concerned,  have 
gone  up  in  value  50  per  cent  upon  an  Argentine  standard.  As  there 
seems  no  prospect  of  any  great  modification  in  the  basis  of  exchange 
for  years  to  come,  it  is  obvious  that  the  cotton  mills  of  the  far  East 
will  continue  their  course  of  supplanting  those  of  the  West  in  the 
markets  of  the  Chinese  Empire. 

Thirdly.  Sufficient  care  is  not  taken  by  manufacturers  at  home  to 
ascertain  exactly  what  the  Chinese  want.  Apparently  they  have  but 
two  views  ;  either  their  Eastern  customer  is  civilized  like  themselves 
and  wants  what  they  want,  or  else  he  is  uncivilized. and  will  take  any- 
thing that  comes  along.  They  seldom  realize  that  the  East  is  a  giant 
civilization  in  itself,  with  ideas,  habits,  and  necessities  utterly  diverse 
from  those  of  Christendom.  Cloths,  stronger,  coarser,  and  cheaper; 
cloths  without  weighting,  with  less  gloss  and  finish;  cloths  like  those 
the  village  coolie  buys  from  the  hawker — would  meet  with  quicker  sales 
and  net  larger  profits  than  those  with  which  the  markets  are  now 
flooded. 

There  is  no  reason  why  the  United  States  should  not  have  a  large 
portion  of  this  vast  trade  in  cotton  fabrics  of  all  sorts;  there  is  espe- 
cially no  reason  why  the  new  South  should  not  have  the  lion's  share, 
and  ISTew  Orleans  be  a  center  of  commerce  between  that  great  section 
aud  the  extreme  Orient. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES. 


237 


Report  of  Wm.  Bowman,  U.  8.  consul  at  Tientsin,  China. 

MAY  •_»;{,  1893. 
COTTON  GROWING. 

No  cotton  is  grown  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  Tientsin,  but 
limited  quantities  are  grown  in  the  middle  and  southern  parts  of  Chi 
Li,  also  in  Shantung  and  Shansi.  No  statistics  of  acreage  or  quantity 
grown  are  available.  I  am  told  the  quantity  raised  per  acre  is  about 
50  lbs.  The  quality  is  very  pour,  and  the  native  cotton  is  used  almost 
entirely  for  making  wadded  bedding  and  wadded  clothes,  which  are 
universally  worn  here  in  winter.  The  cultivation,  harvesting,  and 
cleaning  is  all  done  in  the  crudest  manner  by  hand  labor.  The  average 
cost  of  the  raw  cotton  in  the  Tientsin  market  is  from  12  cents  to  18 
cents  (gold)  per  pound.  Before  this  port  was  opened  to  foreign  trade 
more  cotton  was  grown  than  at  present.  It  was  spun  into  thread  and 
woven  on  hand  looms  into  a  coarse  cotton  cloth.  Little  by  little  for- 
eign cotton  cloth  has  crowded  out  the  inferior  native  article  until  now 
the  household  weaving  of  the  last  generation  is  becoming  a  lost  art. 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

The  following  table,  computed  from  the  Chinese  customs  reports, 
will  show  the  total  import  of  cotton  goods  into  Tientsin  during  the 
years  1871-1892 : 


Cotton  cloth,  pieces 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  doz. 
Cotton  yarns,  piculs 


1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

3,  741,  420 
13, 575 

3, 249, 389 
24,  056 

2,  801.  785 
10,  357 

3, 009, 246 
15,  545 

2,  637,  694 
8,632 

2, 763, 888 
13, 478 


1877. 


2,051,939 
11,  503 


1878. 


1,  792,  359 
9,  027 


1879. 


3, 487,  786 
21, 152 


1880. 


2, 864,  550 
13,752 


Cotton  cloth,  pieces 

Cotton  handkerchiefs, doz . 

Cottou  yarn,  piculs 

(Picul=^133  lbs.) 


1881. 


3, 372,  870 
30,  300 


1882. 


2,993,153 

IS,  713 


1883. 


3, 185,  512 
18,  908 


1884. 


3,  407,  608 
26,  654 
11, 671 


Cotton  cloth,  pieces 

( !o1 1  "ii  handkerchiefs,  doz 
Cotton  yarn,  piculs 


1886. 


4,010,837 
27,  !)•_':'. 
42,881 


1887. 


4,197.  172 
33,833 
51,  034 


1888. 


3,  873,  381 
27,  604 
61,035 


1889. 


4,138,970 
23,392 
06,  940 


3,914,312 
32,851 
35, 157 


1890. 


4,340, 170 

27,  795 
102,  647 


Cotton  cloth  pieces 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  <W>/, 
Cotton  yarn,  pie uls 


1891. 


4,  265,  796 
34,  119 
126,  849 


1892. 


4,516,025 
85,  777 
159,  351 


238     COTTON  CULTUEE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Besides  the  above  there  has  been  some  importation  of  raw  cotton 
from  other  Chinese  ports,  but  the  amount  has  been  inconsiderable. 

The  limited  extent  of  the  statistics  published  by  the  Chinese  Govern- 
ment make  it  impossible  to  gather  further  information  about  the  sub- 
ject of  cotton  growth  or  consumption  within  this  consular  district. 


Report  of  Charles  Seymour,  JJ.  8.  consul  at  Canton,  China. 

MAT  23,  1893. 

REPORT  ON  "COTTON  GROWING"  AND  "COTTON  CONSUMPTION"  IN  THE 
CONSULAR  DISTRICT  COMPOSED  OF  THE  PROVINCES  OF  KWANG- 
TUNG  AND  KWANG-SL  IN  SOUTHERN  CHINA,  DURING  1891. 

"COTTON  growing." 

In  the  two  southern  provinces  of  Kwang-Tung  and  Kwang-Si,  which 
compose  the  consular  district  of  Canton,  China,  there  is  very  little,  if 
any,  cotton  grown.  The  bulk  of  cotton  produced  in  China  is  grown  in 
the  central  portion  of  the  Empire,  and  chiefly  in  the  valley  of  the 
Yangtze. 

"cotton  consumption." 

From  the  last  published  returns  of  the  "  Imperial  Maritime  Customs 
of  China"  (for  1891),  which  is  the  most  reliable  of  the  many  annual 
reports  of  customs,  because  it  includes  imports,  exports,  and  traffic  by 
native  junks,  which  were  formerly  omitted  from  the  customs'  reports, 
something  like  an  accurate  exhibit  of  imports  and  exports  is  obtained 
for  this  consular  district,  by  compiling  the  customs'  returns  of  the  seven 
custom  houses  along  the  coast  of  the  province  of  Kwang-Tung.  Since 
1859  until  the  last  two  years,  the  Chinese  Government  had  two  systems 
for  collection  of  revenue  on  imports  and  exports,  viz:  by  the  "Imperial 
Maritime  Customs"  (chiefly  under  the  management  of  foreign  officials, 
controlled  by  the  inspector-general,  Sir  Robert  Hart),  which  collected 
duties  on  imports  and  exports  per  foreign  ships  and  ships  of  foreign 
type,  and  by  "farming  out"  numerous  districts  to  syndicates  of  Chinese 
speculators,  who  collected  duties  on  imports  and  exports  per  native 
junks,  of  which  no  returns  were  required  or  published. 

IMPORTS  OF  YARN  AND  RAW  COTTON. 

In  1891  this  consular  district  received,  through  the  seven  custom 
houses  along  the  coast  of  Kwang-Tung  Province,  08,844,533  pounds 
cotton  yarn,  valued  at  $9,062,656  gold.  Nearly  all  of  this  cotton  yarn 
came  from  British  India.  A  small  quantity  of  it  came  from  Europe, 
;iii(l  is  designated  as  English  because  it  came  through  and  from  Hong 
Kong. 

During  1891  the  imports  into  this  Province  of  Kwang-Tung  of  raw 
cotton  amounted  to  16,996,800  pounds,  valued  at  sl.4L'<;,591  gold. 
About  three-fourths  of  this  raw  cotton  came  from  British  India,  and 
the  remainder  was  Dative  cotton  produced  in  central  China,  chiefly  in 
the  valley  of  the  Yangtze. 

In  these  two  items  of  cotton  yarn  and  raw  cotton,  Kwang-Tung 
received  in  value  about  $10,600,000  (gold),  mostly  from  India,  for  manu- 
facturing into  native  cloths  and  garments  for  home  consumption  ami 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  239 

exportation  to  other  parts  of  China,  and  to  foreign  countries  where 
communities  of  Chinese  require  such  cotton  goods  and  garments.  Mix- 
tures are  not  in  favor  among  Chinese,  who  prefer  quilted  cotton  or  silk 
to  woolen  goods  or  mixed  materials  for  garments  for  winter. 

IMPORTS   OF   COTTON   FABRICS. 

In  1S91,  Kwang-Tung  Province,  through  the  seven  custom  houses 
along  its  coast,  received  cotton  fabrics  valued  at  ($2,891,5-45  gold)  two 
million  eight  hundred  and  ninety-one  thousand  five  hundred  and  forty- 
five  dollars.  IT.  S.  cy.  or  gold. 

The  greater  portion  of  these  cotton  fabrics  doubtless  came  from 
England,  but  some  came  from  other  European  countries  and  from 
America.  However,  as  they  all  came  from  and  through  the  British 
colonial  port  of  Hong  Kong,  it  is  the  habit  of  the  Chinese  customs  to 
treat  them  as  British. 


Report  of  Charles  Seymour,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Canton,  China. 

JUNE  10, 1S89. 

The  following  extract  in  reference  to  the  silver  currency  of  China, 
from  Consul  Seymour's  report,  it  is  thought,  will  be  of  interest  at  this 
time : 

CURRENCY   OF   CHINA. 

The  currency  of  China  is  chiefly  of  Mexican  silver  dollars  and  copper 
"  cash." 

The  Mexican  dollar,  although  valued  at  only  about  73i  cents  by  for- 
eign banks  in  exchange  for  gold,  is  still  the  favorite  dollar  with  the  Chi- 
nese, who  seem  to  know  or  care  little  about  its  depreciated  value  on  the 
gold  basis,  and  native  traders  and  shopkeepers  only  notice  it  when  com- 
pelled to  add  one-third  to  the  cost  of  goods  from  Europe  or  America. 
The  value  of  the  "cash"  is  a  little  less  that  one-tenth  of  a  cent.  A 
Mexican  dollar  buys  at  the  coin  shops  1,080  "cash." 

The  "cash"  have  square  holes  in  the  center  and  are  strung  on  strings 
of  tough  grass.  They  are  in  common  use  among  the  populace  in  city 
and  country,  and  bear  the  Chinese  characters  indicating  the  dynasty 
and  reign  of  coinage.  Some  of  them  are  worn  down  to  half  their  orig- 
inal or  standard  size  and  weight,  but  still  are  current. 

Without  purchasing  selections  from  dealers  in  old  coins,  I  have,  by 
the  aid  of  chronological  tables,  from  time  to  time  selected  from  cash  in 
current  use  in  Canton,  pieces  of  coin  issued  in  nearly  every  century 
back  to  the  fifth  century  before  the  Christian  era,  or  back  to  the  days 
of  Confucius. 

NEW  MINI   AT   CANTON. 

The  largest  mint  in  the  world  has  been  built  and  equipped  in  Canton 
by  the  present  viceroy  of  the  two  Kwangs  during  the  past  year,  and 
specimens  of  copper  cash  and  silver  dragon  dollars,  half  dollars,  and 
subsidiary  silver  coins  have  been  struck  at  this  Canton  mint  within  the 
past  month;  but  there  seems  to  be  some  doubt  about  the  enterprise 
being  prosecuted  vigorously,  for  two  reasons,  viz,  the  difficulty  of 
obtaining  the  Imperial  sanction  for  the  coinage  of  silver  dollars  and 
subsidiary  coins,  and  the  prospect  of  a  loss  in  coining  cash  composed 


240     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

of  60  per  cent  of  copper  and  40  per  cent  of  brass,  when  the  copper  is 
worth  more  than  the  cash  represents. 

The  snbstantial  stone  and  brick  buildings  erected  for  the  Canton 
mint  are  equivalent  to  about  500  feet  in  length,  and  of  an  average 
width  of  about  50  feet,  equipped  with  boilers  and  engines  of  large 
capacity,  and  about  one  hundred  coin  presses  of  the  best  styles. 

The  entire  outfit  was  supplied  and  arranged  by  an  eminent  firm  in 
Birmingham,  England,  whose  superintendent  has  recently  completed 
the  establishment  and  awaits  the  orders  of  the  authorities. 

In  the  meantime,  while  the  Imperial  sanction  for  silver  coinage  is  with- 
held, doubtless  for  fear  that  the  native  bankers,  financiers,  capitalists, 
and  business  men  may  prefer  to  continue  the  use  of  Mexican  silver 
dollars,  and  also  while  the  value  of  copper  offers  poor  inducements  for 
coinage  of  cash,  which  it  is  possible  the  populace  or  common  people 
may  reject,  the  Chinese  authorities  are  ascertaining,  through  the 
Chinese  legation  in  London,  the  cost  of  an  outfit  for  a  cotton-cloth 
manufactory  in  lieu  of  a  mint. 

CHINESE   COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

During  the  year  1888  cotton,  cotton  yarn,  and  cotton  goods  were 
imported  into  this  province  to  the  value  of  $14,715,210.  Of  this  total 
amount,  $11,652,600  consisted  of  cotton  yarn  and  raw  cotton,  which 
were  manufactured  by  natives  into  fabrics  for  Chinese  use. 

In  several  former  reports  I  have  faithfully  endeavored  to  show  that 
the  Cantonese  were  increasing  and  developing  their  cotton  manufac- 
tures, and  I  now  venture  the  prediction  that  whenever  the  Chinese  get 
rid  of,  or  lay  aside,  their  prejudice  or  aversion  to  the  labor-saving  or 
modern  machinery  of  western  nations,  the  effect  of  competition  in 
manufactures  between  the  cheap  labor  of  these  Asiatics  and  the  indus- 
try of  Europe  and  America  will  be  realized  by  Americans  and  Euro- 
peans without  debate. 


Report  of  J.  A.  Leonard,    JJ.  8.  consul  at  Shanghai,  China. 

FEBRUARY  4,   1893. 

The  absence  of  all  statistics  on  crop  areas,  quantity  of  production, 
etc.,  together  with  the  fact  that  weights  and  measures  in  this  district 
are  so  varied  that  accurate  information  can  not  be  obtained,  makes  it 
impossible  to  comply  literally  with  the  Department's  circular. 

Cotton  is  grown  extensively  within  this  consular  district.  The 
family  cotton  patch  is  from  a  few  square  feet  to  one  or  two  acres  in 
size,  and  the  crop  varies  from  100  to  1,000  pounds  of  seed  cotton  per 
acre.  The  seed  is  sown  broadcast  in  among  small-grain  crops  in  March 
or  April,  or  sown  broadcast  by  itself  in  beds  rounded  off  from  the  top 
to  a  water  furrow  on  each  side.  It  is  hoed  but  not  thinned,  the  stalks 
being  nearly  as  thick  as  small  grain. 

The  stalks  are  spindling  and  not  more  than  Si  or  3  feet  in  height. 
The  bolls  are  so  small  that  it  will  take  from  forty  to  fifty  of  them  to 
make  a  pound  of  seed  cotton. 

The  cotton  is  rather  dingy  in  color  and  of  very  short  staple. 

Within  the  past  few  years  there  is  said  to  have  been  a  steady 
increase  in  the  amount  of  cotton  grown,  due  to  the  introduction  of 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


241 


machine  ginning  in  Shanghai.  At  the  present  time  there  are  several 
ginning  establishments  in  Shanghai,  all  of  which  are  said  to  be  work- 
ing at  their  full  capacity. 

During  1891  (the  customs  returns,  from  which  these  statistics  are 
taken,  for  1892  are  not  yet  published)  the  exports  of  raw  cotton  from 
Shanghai  were  as  follows: 


Whither. 


Raw  cotton  exports. 


Quantity: 

Pkuls  —  133J 

lbs.  each. 


To  foreign  countries  (principally  to  Japan) 

To  Hong  Kong 

Reexports 

To  Chinese  ports 

Total  exports 


349, 170.  88 

5,103.69 

22.  669.  88 

247,  978,  06 


624,  922.  51 


Value: 

Hai  Kwan 

taels  =  U.  S. 

gold,  $1.10. 


3,771,045 

55,  120 

244. 834 

2, 678, 163 


6, 749, 162 


IMPORTS. 

The  attached  table,  showing  the  net  import  of  cotton  goods  from  for- 
eign countries  for  the  years  1890  and  1891,  gives  the  classes  of  goods 
quantity,  and  value: 

Import  (net)  of  foreign  goods  from  foreign  countries,  1S00  and  1S01. 
[From  returns  published  by  Chinese  customs.] 


Description  of  goods. 


Cotton  goods: 

Shirtings,  gray,  plain 

"  -white,      "    

"  "       figured,  brocaded,  and 

spotted. 

"  dyed,  plain 

"  "       figured,    brocaded,   and 

spotted. 

T  cloths 

Drills,  English 

"      Dutch 

"     American 

Sheetings,  English 

"         American 

Chintzes,  furnitures,  and  plain  cotton  prints. 

Twills,  printed 

Jeans,  English 

"     Dutch 

"     American 

Turkey  red  cottons 

Cotton  lastings,  plain  and  figured 

"      damasks 

Velvets 

Velveteens 

Jaconets,  cambrics,  lawns,  muslins,  and  dim- 
ities. 

Handkerchiefs 

Towels 

Cotton  goods,  unclassed 

"      yarn,  English 

'•  "      Indian 

"      thread  


Cotton  goods,  total Value 


1890. 


Quantity.  ■ 


Quantity. 


Pieces 


Dozens 


Value 

I'iculs 


6,  C04,  956 

2,812,073 

26,  266 

194,874 

79,  549 

2,054,272 

231,  137 

27,060 

597,903 

744,079 

1,201,791 

568,006 

117.778 

L95.313 

23.510 

I 

435,093 

430,  837 

1 ,  649 

87.04? 

6,  869 

1 9 1,012 

513  941 
322,  L64 


993,  i  15 
1,910 


Value. 


Haikwan 

taelg.* 
8,323,075 

37,  586 

480, 970 
158,  us;; 

2,184,175 

376, 857 

60,  061 

1, 377, 656 

1,  450,  493 

2,  812,  331 
619,029 

250,  154 
34,235 
62,  540 

601,775 

1,  006,  0S9 

.">,  672 

172,486 

31,775 

100,  525 

185,844 
103,978 
450,437 

1,797,171 
17,507,547 


45,  020, 302 


Quantity.       Value 


5,  985,  598 

2,732,779 

59, 301 

165, 617 
92, 115 

2, 046, 04:; 

2:(5,  766 

28,  400 

861,  591 

890,  .H7 

2,008,  155 

540.  615 
80,  650 

145, 811 
47.511 
17, 317 

776,  632 

633,244 

1,  :;72 

42, 901 

13,016 

296, 491 

430,  991 
638,  3U6 


73,  058 

1, 138,  083 
1,778 


Haikwan 

taels. 
10,  206,  236 
5,413,608 

73,  237 

406,  767 
181,  872 

2, 504, 939 

466.  112 

4>.  280 

1,897,768 

1,789,563 

4,  519, 159 

655,  541 

155,  541 

218,951 

77,918 

29,  700 

1,133,612 

1,256,678 

4,  954 

201,451 

55,  479 

ISO,  117 

173, 844 

191,190 

464,  144 

1 . 507, 239 

19, 396,  855 

79.  445 


53,  290,  200 


r  The  value  of  a  taol  is  $1.10. 


COT — VOL  L>- 


-16 


242     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

The  Shanghai  Cotton  Cloth  Mill  Company,  an  important  establish- 
ment which  is  said  to  be  operated  under  government  auspices,  has 
demonstrated  that  Chinese  cotton  can  be  woven  by  machinery  manipu- 
lated by  natives  into  gray  goods,  undistinguishable  from  American  or 
European  manufactures. 

This,  together  with  an  establishment  for  spinning  yarn,  are  possibly 
the  forerunners  of  extensive  cotton  manufacturing  enterprises  in 
Shanghai. 

The  fact  that  they  are  controlled  by  Chinese  officialdom  does  not 
inspire  confidence  as  to  their  success  from  a  business  standpoint,  but 
the  feeling  is,  that  when  the  time  comes  when  Chinese  merchants  and 
capitalists  can  invest  their  money  without  fear  of  official  interference, 
and  cotton  mills  can  be  run  on  a  purely  business  basis,  and  not  for  the 
gratification  of  national  pride  alone,  Shanghai  will  become  a  great  cot- 
ton manufacturing  point. 

The  commissioner  of  the  Chinese  Imperial  Maritime  Customs,  Mr. 
R.  E.  Bredon,  in  his  report  on  the  trade  of  Shanghai  for  1891,  says, 
under  the  head  of  imports:  "The  principal  point  to  be  noticed  is  the 
marked  increase  in  all  the  heavier  and  more  valuable  classes  of  piece 
goods.  Even  in  shirtings  the  extent  to  which  the  heavier  kinds  were 
preferred  to  the  lighter  has  contributed  to  make  up  the  much  larger 
value  figure  which  we  this  year  give  for  a  smaller  import.  Two  things 
have  helped  to  make  cotton  goods  figures  large  beyond  what  one  would 
expect  considering  the  position  of  China  exchange:  (1st)  the  exceeding 
abundance  and  cheapness  of  American  cotton,  which  enabled  Manches- 
ter to  produce  at  unprecedentedly  low  prices;  and  (2nd)  the  stimulus  to 
production  in  India  which  cheap  silver  for  wage  payments  gave  it  when 
competing  in  this  silver-using  country  with  goods  produced  where  gold 
standards  rule. 

Every  kind  of  Indian  cotton  fabrics  shows  a'growth  of  import.  The 
figures  for  cotton  yarn  are  enormous,  but  the  loss  on  it  to  both  native 
and  foreign  dealers  trading  all  the  time  on  a  falling  market  was  almost 
proportionately  great.  Prices  have  gone  down  about  10  taels  per  bale 
during  a  few  months.  On  the  other  hand,  low  prices  have  enabled  the 
yarn  to  be  carried  to  points  much  further  inland  than  hitherto. 

I  am  told  by  leading  Indian  merchants  that  "  if  silver  keeps  low  we 
may  look  for  a  great  development  of  the  Indian  cotton  trade  with 
China." 

There  is  practically  no  other  fiber  used  by  the  Chinese  for  making- 
cloth  but  cotton.  The  Chinese  as  a  nation  clothe  themselves  in  cotton 
garments. 

The  variations  of  temperature  are  met  with  a  greater  or  less  number 
of  garments,  and  in  the  winter  cotton-wadded  garments  are  worn. 


Report  of  J.  A.  Leonard,  U.  8.  consul-general  at  Shanghai,  China. 

MARCH  2,  1S93. 

After  careful  inquiry  I  can  not  find  that,  jute,  henequen,  sisal,  or 
ramie  (China  grass)  are  cultivated  within  this  consular  district. 

During  1891  there  were  imported  at  Shanghai  from  other  Chinese 
ports  2,591  piculs  (1  picul=133£  pounds)  of  jute,  of  which  2,501  piculs 
were  reexported  to  Hongkong  and  foreign  countries. 

Henequen,  sisal,  and  ramie  do  not  appear  in  the  Shanghai  returns 
of  trade. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  243 

Report  of  John  Fowler,  U.  S.  consul  at  Xinypo,  China. 

MARCH  is.  1898. 
AREA  AND   POPULATION. 

The  consular  district  of  Xingpo  comprises  the  whole  of  the  province 
of  Che-Kiang,  with  an  area  of  39,500  square  miles  and  an  estimated 
population  of  30,000,000.  The  open  ports  are  Ningpo  and  Winchow, 
the  former  being  the  most  important. 

Cotton  was  introduced  from  India  at  the  beginning  of  the  Yuan 
dynasty,  A.  D.  1260,  and  owing  to  its  cheapness  it  usurped  the  place  of 
silk  until  the  present  dynasty,  A.  D.  1644. 

COTTON  AREA  AND  CULTIVATION. 

It  is  next  to  impossible  to  give  the  area  of  land  under  cotton  cultiva- 
tion in  China,  as  the  Chinese  keep  no  statistics  whatever,  with  the 
exception  of  the  imperial  maritime  customs  under  the  supervision  of 
foreigners,  but  the  customs  statistics  relate  only  to  trade  with  foreign 
countries  and  the  open  treaty  ports  of  China. 

CULTIVATION. 

The  ground  is  plowed  in  March,  or  just  as  soon  as  the  frost  is  out  of 
the  ground;  it  is  then  formed  into  ridges  so  as  to  allow  the  escape  of 
water  in  case  of  excessive  rain.  On  these  ridges  the  seeds  are  sown  in 
holes  about  a  foot  apart,  six  (0)  seeds  to  each  hole.  After  sprouting  and 
attaining  a  height  of  three  or  four  inches,  the  plants  are  thinned  out, 
leaving  only  three  (3)  in  each  hole.  During  the  first  two  (2)  months 
the  plot  is  frequently  gone  over  with  a  hoe  to  loosen  the  earth  around 
the  plants  and  to  get  rid  of  the  weeds. 

Three  (3)  applications  of  fertilizers  (generally  excremeuta  humana) 
are  spread  over.  Five  (5)  months  from  planting,  the  picking  commences, 
which  is  usually  done  by  women  and  children.  The  harvest  does  not  end 
until  about  a  month  after,  when  the  plants  are  pulled  up  and  left  on  the 
fields  to  dry,  after  which  they  are  bound  into  convenient  bundles  and  used 
as  fuel. 

STATISTICS  SHOWING  THE   AREA  DEVOTED   TO   THE  CULTIVATION   OF 
COTTON  IN   THIS   COUNTRY. 

In  the  absence  of  statistics,  as  has  been  mentioned,  the  above  and 
similar  questions,  as  to  quantity  raised,  can  not  be  satisfactorily 
answered. 

In  this  province  (Che-Kiang)  there  are  no  large  farms  or  plantations. 
Each  farmer  cultivates  a  small  plot  from  2  to  4  mows  (6  mows  equal  an 
acre).  The  practice  on  the  Ningpo  plains  is  to  sow  to  1  mow  (\  acre) 
1  catty  of  seeds  (equal  Vs  pounds),  and  in  ordinary  years  this  should 
produce  from  25  to  S5  catties  (from  33$  to  4G|  lbs.)  of  clean  cotton  or 
cotton  wool;  multiplying  these  results  by  six  the  yield  would  be  per 
acre  from  200  to  280  lbs. 

THE  QUANTITY  CONSUMED  IN  THE  COUNTRY  AND  THE  MANNER  OF 

CONSUMPTION. 

The  quantity  can  not  be  determined.  The  cotton  is  not  usually  sold, 
but  each  family  consumes  what  cotton  they  raise,  and  even  when  they 
have  more  than  sufficient  lor  their  own  use  they  manufacture  the  whole 
into  cloth,  selling  the  surplus  to  the  country  people,  and  as  this  home 


244 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


manufacture  is  very  strong,  it  meets  with  a  ready  sale  and  commands 
a  good  price,  thus  augmenting  the  family  exchequer. 

The  seeds  are  sold  to  mills,  where  they  extract  the  oil,  which  is  used 
solely  for  illuminating  pur  poses •  the  residue  is  pressed  into  cakes  for 
cattle. 

Generally  no  outside  labor  is  employed,  as  the  plot  devoted  to  cotton, 
as  has  been  observed,  does  not  exceed  three  or  four  mows,  but  when 
labor  is  employed  12  cents  with  food  is  the  regular  pay  per  diem.  After 
the  cotton  is  picked  and  thoroughly  dried  it  is  ginned  in  a  very  simple 
but  effective  machine  by  the  women  of  the  family. 

The  .cost  of  one  (1)  mow  of  cotton  for  labor  and  fertilizer  is  about 
$2.50  (Mexican).  Picked  cotton  sells  for  7^  catties  for  $1.00  (equal  to 
about  10  cents  per  pound),  so  that  30  catties  would  fetch  about  $4.00, 
which  would  be  an  average  yield  for  1  mow. 

COTTON- GINNING  FACTORY. 

Since  18S6  a  factory  for  ginning  cotton  has  been  established  north 
of  this  settlement  and  on  the  banks  of  the  river.  This  establishment 
is  strictly  under  the  control  of  the  Chinese,  but  is  worked  on  the  for- 
eign plan;  it  has  proved  so  successful  that  it  is  in  operation  night  and 
day,  and  twice  the  buildings  have  been  enlarged.  In  1891  it  sold 
4,000,000  lbs.  ginned  cotton.  The  yearly  output  of  ginned  cotton  is 
now  about  7,000,000  lbs. 

In  northern  and  middle  China  the  heavy  cottons  from  the  United 
States  command  the  best  of  the  trade,  while  the  south  clings  to  the 
lighter  and  cheaper  cottons  of  Manchester. 

It  is  gratifying  to  see  how  rapidly  our  trade  is  increasing,  and  yet  it 
is  nothing  to  what  it  ought  to  be  and  would  be  if  energetic  measures 
were  taken  to  push  its  sales. 

Statement  showing  the  imports  aud  exports  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures  at  Ningpo, 

China. 


Imports. 

Exports. 

Tear. 

Raw  cotton 
(pounds). 

Piece  goods 
(pieces). 

Raw  cotton 
(pounds). 

Seed  cotton 
(pounds). 

1861 

168,  090 

160,  282 

126,  262 

84, 992 

17,  917 

45,  974 

8,740 

Not  stated. 

59,764 

25,077 

92  922 

Not  stated. 

L7,  (i77 

Not  Btated. 

191,  929 
59.  349 

158,  033 
151,  794 

7:;.  r.J7 

ISO,  613 
291, 169 
413,365 
496,  070 
551, 425 
640,  795 
662  664 
738,440 
685,  483 
711.7IM) 
853,085 
707.  007 
0!  5,  726 
629,511 
528,330 
628,841 
040.  400 
642.  403 
634,781 
583,079 
7:::;.7:;t 
892,  592 
748,  106 
726,948 
7-10.  048 
801,280 
687,  840 

679,  829 

2,  619.  79  t 
16,687,299 
13,  700,  257 

4,  475,  693 
4,497,014 
8,  752,  577 

5,  890,  749 
6.830,501 

5,  133,  486 

0,  124,473 

6,  677,  520 
5,750,266 
7,2'.'V,  1.".:; 

7,  025, 161 
3,514,209 
2,804,149 
4,  OIL'.  350 

1,  654, 307 

3,  799,  648 
Not  stated. 

510,  834 
124,676 

1,276,664 
8.:>7,  885 
701,150 

1,550,838 

1.  145,293 

2,  OS.:.  312 
3,395,333 
3,376,529 
1,824,666 

108, 206 

]862                

22,800 

1803 

Not  stated. 

1864 

1865 

«• 

1866 

1807 

" 

1808 

" 

1869 

«• 

1870 

153.765 

1871 

Not  stated. 

1872 

1873 

" 

1874 

" 

1875                                

672, 410 

]H7i; 

927,  888 

1877 

Not  stated. 

1878    ..                                                  

1870                  

" 

1880 

348.  450 

1881                                                             

Not  stated. 

1 882 

188,701 

Not  stated. 



1884        

1885 

•• 

I88fi 

»• 

1-7 

" 

•• 



•• 



1890                                     

192, 000 

189]  

2,000 

1802* 

Xot  stated. 

*  For  o  months  ending  Sept.  30. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  245 

[Inclosuro  in  report  of  Consul  Fowler.] 
EXTRACTS   FROM    "NORTH   CHINA  DAILY  NEWS"    OF    SEPT.    21ST,  1892. 

"It  would  be  generally  thought  very  difficult  to  find  anything  new 
to  say  about  the  trade  of  Shanghai,  but  George  Jamieson  lias  never- 
theless managed  to  put  a  great  deal  that  is  of  interest  into  his  report 
for  18!)1  to  the  foreign  office.  In  noticing  it  we  naturally  pass  over  the 
statistics,  dwelling  more  on  the  writer's  observations  which,  as  the  con 
elusions  formed  by  an  official  of  marked  intelligence  after  a  long  resi- 
dence in  China,  would  if  read  by  people  at  home  tend  to  clear  their 
minds  of  some  mistaken  ideas  about  this  country. 

"After  mentioning  the  immense  progress  that  the  foreign  trade  has 
made  here  in  twenty-five  years,  Mr.  Jamieson  says: 

"'During  all  that  period  the  Chinese  Government  (except  in  one 
solitary  instance,  and  that  barren  of  results)  have  hardly  spent  a  single 
dollar  for  the  development  or  encouragement  of  trade,  either  by  making 
roads,  or  improving  waterways,  or  educating  the  people  in  the  all- 
important  industries  of  tea  and  silk. 

k' '  Practically,  whatever  facilities  for  trade  exist  have  all  been  intro- 
duced by  foreigners,  so  far  as  they  are  permitted  in  the  limits  secured 
by  treaty,  viz,  by  placing  lines  of  steamers  carrying  cargo  at  remarka- 
bly cheap  freights  between  the  various  open  ports  on  the  coast  and  on 
the  great  river,  with  the  accompanying  advantages  of  wharves,  jetties, 
&c.  The  moment  you  leave  a  treaty  port  all  cargo  has  to  be  moved  in 
one  or  the  other  of  the  good  old-fashioned  ways,  which  have  been  in 
vogue  for  the  last  thousand  years  or  so,  that  is  to  say,  by  the  coolie 
with  his  bamboo,  the  wheelbarrow,  or  the  pack  animals.  Even  on  the 
magnificent  system  of  waterways  that  pervade  central  China,  the  old- 
fashioned  canal  boat  is  still  laboriously  poled  along,  the  permission  to 
use  steam  towage,  except  in  a  few  solitary  instances,  being  yet  for- 
bidden even  to  natives.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  more  and  more 
foreign  manufactures  are  every  year  passing  into  consumption,  and 
more  and  more  native  produce  is  being  brought  to  the  foreign  market.' 

"After  noting  the  great  increase  in  the  shipping  entered  and  cleared 
here  in  twenty  years,  from  less  than  two  million  tons  in  1871,  to  six  and 
one  quarter  million  tons  in  1891,  and  the  fact  that  in  the  same  period 
the  British  percentage  of  the  tonnage  has  increased  from  4.'!  to  56,  Mr. 
Jamieson  devotes  nearly  a  page  to  the  disastrous  effects  on  trade  of  the 
violent  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  silver,  which  he  attributes  mainly 
to  American  legislation.  He  concludes  that  it  is  not  a  return  to  the 
old  value  of  silver  in  terms  of  gold  that  is  wanted,  but  a  steady  market. 
'This  is  not  perhaps  possible  so  long  as  the  relative  productions  (of 
gold  and  silver)  are  disproportionate  to  the  demand,  but  it  would  seem 
that  the  evil  would  be  less,  if  left  to  natural  laws,  undisturbed  by  ten- 
tative Legislation.  Unless  such  legislation  is  of  a  nature  to  settle  the 
ratio  once  and  for  all  and  for  all  nations,  il  would  be  better  for  all  parties 
interested  in  exchange  operations  if  it  were  left  alone." 

"Mr.  Jamieson  dwells  on  the  difficulties  importers  of  cotton  goods 
experienced  during  1891,  owing  to  the,  fluctuations  in  exchange  here. 
and  the  continued  decline  in  sterling  prices  in  Manchester,  but  he  is 
able  to  say:  'The  general  demand  for  English  manufactures  was,  as  a 
rule,  good  throughout  the  year,  and  the  clearances  fully  kept  pace  with 
the  imports.  The  country  was  generally  prosperous  and  the  native 
merchants,  unvexed  with  exchange  troubles,  are  reported  to  have  done 
well.' 


246     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES.  AND 

"He  mentions  the  gradual  introduction  of  T-clojhs  of  Bombay  mamt< 
facture,  and  opines  that  'if  the  exchange  value  of  silver  remains  as 
low  as  at  the  present,  it  seems  probable  that  the  competition  of  Indian 
cloths  will  be  greatly  stimulated,  as  being  produced  in  a  silver- currency 
country  all  the  elements  of  production  will  be  cheapened  as  compared 
with  those  in  England.' 

"  Mr.  Jamieson  considers  at  some  length,  without,  however,  solving 
the  question  of  the  successful  competition  of  the  United  States  with 
England  in  the  matter  of  heavy  cotton  goods,  such  as  drills  and  sheet- 
ings. Of  the  many  reasons  given,  the  true  one  probably  is  that  these 
are  the  goods  in  which  the  proportion  of  labor  to  material  entering  into 
the  cost  of  production  is  the  least.  It  is  acknowledged  that  12  pounds 
is  the  weight  of  a  piece  at  which  the  line  is  firmly  drawn.  In  goods 
over  12  pounds  in  weight  American  makers  can  compete  successfully 
with  English;  in  goods  under  12  pounds  their  competition  is  impossi- 
ble. It  is  not  a  question  of  superior  honesty  in  the  manufacture.  The 
raw  material  is  cheaper  in  the  States,  where  it  is  grown;  the  labor  is 
cheaper  in  England.  The  goods  that  have  more  material  than  labor  in 
them  will  be  necessarily  cheaper  in  the  United  States,  and  vice  versa. 
Heavy  goods  made  in  Canadian  mills,  it  may  be  noticed,  are  now  com- 
ing into  China  by  the  new  railways  and  steamer  lines,  and  are  com- 
peting successfully  with  the  products  of  New  England  and  Southern 
mills. 

"  Mr.  Jamieson  seems  to  infer,  from  the  importance  that  Bombay  cot- 
ton yarn  has  assumed  in  the  import  tables  of  late  years,  that  if  manu- 
facturers at  home  would  make  a  fabric  exactly  imitating  the  native 
homespun  cotton  cloth  it  would  find  an  enormous  sale. 

"  '  Conservative  though  Chinese  no  doubt  are,'  he  says,  '  old  customs 
and  old  prejudices  are  easily  discarded,  when  they  are  once  convinced 
it  is  their  interest  to  do  so. 

"  l  At  the  present  moment  the  Chinese  prefer  to  buy  the  yarn  from  us, 
and  work  it  up  into  cloth  along  with  their  own  cotton,  simply  because 
they  find  it  cheaper  to  do  so.  But,  if  we  could  place  on  the  market  a 
fabric  equally  strong,  and  at  a  trifle  less  than  their  own  manufacture 
costs,  the  demand  for  it  would  grow  to  an  extent  that  would  put  pres- 
ent figures  utterly  in  the  shade.  So  far  as  clothing  for  the  masses  is 
concerned,  it  may  be  said  we  have  hardly  begun  to  supply  the  China 
market.  Of  this  any  observer  may  satisfy  himself  who  cares  to  take  a 
two  days'  trip  inland  from  any  treaty  port.  He  need  not,  indeed,  go  so 
far  away,  for  the  streets  of  Shanghai  supply  evidence  enough.  Exam- 
ine a  group  at  any  inland  town  or  village  from  north  to  south  and  from 
east  to  west  of  China  nine  out  of  ten  are  working  men,  field  laborers 
most  probably,  and  every  one  of  them  will  be  found  wearing  homespun, 
more  or  less,  and  most  of  them  nothing  else.  Every  tenth  man  or  so 
may  have  a  jacket  of  some  foreign  fabric,  or  the  lining  of  his  wadded 
coat  may  be  a  shirting  dyed  blue.  But,  generally  speaking,  the  whole 
of  their  clothing,  from  the  nob  on  their  caps  to  the  socks  on  their  feet, 
and  even  to  the  shoes  themselves,  are  all  made  from  native  cotton. 
Our  fabrics,  indeed,  it  may  be  said,  have  not  yet  penetrated  below  the 
middle  classes.  The  dwellers  in  cities,  the  shop  people,  and  others  who 
can  afford,  to  some  extent,  to  sacrifice  economy  to  elegance  are  our  best 
customers.' 

"  The  suggestion  that  cotton  manufacturers  at  home  should  make  a 
cloth  that  would  compete  with  the  native  homespun  is  far  from  being 
a  new  one.  It  has  been  tried  at  intervals  for  at  least  the  last  thirty 
years;  sample  pieces  have  been  sent  home,  and  energetic  and  intelli- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  247 

gent  endeavors  have  been  made  to  manufacture  an  exact  imitation. 
The  cloth  lias  come  out  here,  has  been  admired  by  the  dealers,  and  has 
found  tenative  buyers  for  a  year  or  so,  after  which  it  lias  been  entirely 
neglected.  It  is  not  want  of  skill  or  energy  at  home;  it  is  the  insuper- 
able tact  that  steam  machinery  will  not  make  a  cloth  to  compare  for 
durability  -with  the  product  of  hand  labor,  at  a  price  to  compete  with  the 
latter  in  a  country  where  hand  labor  is  so  cheap  as  it  is  in  China.  This 
is  the  -whole  seeret. 


THE  EXTENSION  OF  CHINESE  TRADE. 
Report  of  John  Fowler,  JJ.  S.  consul  at  Niugpo,  China. 

JULY  18,  1S92. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  a  translation  from  the  Shen  Pao 
of  the  prize  essay  oftheOhinese  Polytechnic  Institute  for  this  year.  The 
theme  was  gi  ven  by  the  taotai  of  Ghefoo,  who  is  himself  largely  interested 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  being  the  manager  of  the  Chinese  Telegraph 
Company  and  a  director  of  a  steamship  company. 

The  essay  is  interesting  if  only  as  showing  how  and  to  what  influence 
the  Chinese  attribute  Great  Britain's  commercial  supremacy  in  China. 


THE  BALANCE   OF   TRADE. 

[enclosure  in  Consul  Fowler's  report. — Translation.] 

According  to  the  annual  returns  of  the  Chinese  imperial  maritime 
customs  of  those  nations  that  had  trade  relations  with  China  in  L890, 
the  sum  of  60,800,000  taels  (the  value  of  the  tael  being  $  1 .  lo  |  represented 
the  balance  in  favor  of  England,  while  800,000  to  900,000  taels  repre- 
sented the  balance  of  trade  against  Russia  and  the  United  States. 

The  foregoing  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of  England  and  against 
Russia  and  the  United  States  may  be  noted  in  the  customs  returns  of 
several  preceding  years.  Explain  whether  the  above  commercial  phe- 
nomenon is  due  to  the  natural  resources  or  to  superior  commercial  and 
industrial  capacities  of  the  respective  countries;  also  suggest  themodus 
operandi  best  calculated  to  foster  and  extend  trade  in  China. 

ESSAY. 

The  commercial  status  of  a  nation  does  not  depend  upon  its  natural 
productions,  but  upon  the  industrial  and  business  capacity  of  its  peo- 
ple; for.  in  spite  of  the  scarcity  of  a  nation's  natural  resources,  if  the 
people  be  skilled  in  manufactures,  raw  materials  from  other  coun- 
tries can  be  employed  and  converted  into  useful  articles  by  skilled 
labor  and  the  latter  exported  with  profit  to  those  very  countries  which 
produced  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  natural  resources  of  a  country  may  be  very 
great,  but,  in  the  absence  of  mechanical  appliances  and  skillful  labor, 
much  raw  material  is  actually  wasted  and  the  rest  not  turned  to  the 
best  account,  and  proportionately  little  benefit  is  derived. 


248     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Both  Europe  and  the  United  States  pay  the  greatest  attention  to 
trade,  and  we  perceive  that  in  the  case  of  those  nations  that  maintain 
trade  relations  with  China  the  balance  of  trade  is  invariably  in  favor  of 
England  and  against  Russia  and  the  United  States. 

The  reason  for  the  above  is  not  far  to  seek.  Both  the  United  States 
and  Bussia  can  not  cope  with  England  in  her  manufactures;  for,  while 
both  the  former,  for  industrial  causes,  must  import  much  more  than 
they  export,  the  latter,  with  all  her  energies  directed  to  manufacture, 
can  export  her  wares  to  other  countries  in  exchange  for  silver  and  gold, 
which  goes  to  enrich  her  population,  as  her  importations  are  always 
less  than  her  exportations. 

Some  people  contend  that  England  owes  her  prosperity  to  her  great 
colonial  possessions  with  their  immense  natural  resources.  Such  asser- 
tions can  only  be  made  by  persons  who  are  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  of 
the  raw  material  used  in  her  manufactures  only  a  small  proportion  is 
produced  in  her  own  dominion,  as,  take  cotton  for  instance,  England 
was  the  first  European  nation  to  employ  machinery  in  ginning  and 
spinning  cotton.  The  invention  gave  a  tremendous  impetus  to  cotton 
manufacture  with  its  attendant  profit,  so  that  in  1868  there  were  2,470 
cotton  mills  with  400,000  looms  and  32,000,000  spindles  in  operation  in 
England.  Additions  to  this  number  are  being  constantly  made.  Dur- 
ing the  same  year  (1808)  cotton  cloth  and  yarn  were  exported  to  the 
amount  of  $521,230,080  in  gold,  without  counting  the  home  consump- 
tion. 

The  raw  cotton  used  was  furnished  by  the  United  States,  but  Eng- 
lish ships  received  the  freight  from  the  United  States  to  England;  the 
wages  for  its  manufacture  were  received  by  English  laborers;  English 
mill-owners  also  made  their  profit;  in  the  final  export  to  foreign  coun- 
tries the  carrying  trade  was  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  English, 
while  the  Government  revenue  on  cotton  alone  amounted  to  $21,000,000. 
It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  although  the  United  States  pro- 
duced the  cotton,  yet  England  derived  the  most  benefit,  and  may  be 
cited  as  an  instance  to  show  England's  prosperity  by  her  industrial 
capacity.  English  exports  may  be  divided  as  follows :  Cotton  manu- 
factures, 40  per  cent;  woolen,  flax,  and  silk  manufactures,  20  per  cent; 
and  the  other  40  per  cent  consists  of  general  merchandise.  We  see 
that,  in  spite  of  having  to  buy  her  raw  material,  England  stands  at  the 
head  of  other  nations  in  wealth,  by  her  manufactures.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  is  to  be  greatly  deprecated  that  China  does  not  pay  sufficient 
attention  to  manufacture,  and  consequently  she  labors  under  a  disad- 
vantage in  her  commercial  relations. 

It  is  now  some  half  a  century  since  China  has  had  trade  relations  with 
foreign  countries,  and  while  the  latter  has  derived  great  benefit  from 
the  commercial  intercourse,  the  good  that  has  accrued  to  the  former  is 
rather  problematical,  while  the  harm  has  been  and  is  only  too  palpable 
(tin1  introduction  of  opium).  Oh,  that  another  Liu  Yen  (a  prodigy  of 
the  Tang  dynasty)  might  appear,  so  that  the  present  condition  of  affairs 
may  become  changed. 

The  natural  resources  of  China  are  truly  great,  and,  if  the  proper 
methods  be  inaugurated  and  due  attention  paid  to  industrial  science, 
there  is  no  reason  why  China  should  not  equal  and  even  excel  Eng- 
land. I  will  explain.  The  principal  exports  from  China  at  present 
are  tea  and  silk.  The  European  countries  are  devoting  special  atten- 
tion to  the  cultivation  of  tea  and  silk.  The  cultivation  of  the  latter  is 
strenuously  carried  on  in  Italy,  France,  and  Japan,  while  in  India  and 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  249 

Ceylon  the  same  can  be  said  of  tea.  Such  strides  have  been  made  ill 
both  of  these  industries  in  the  countries  mentioned  thai  the  present 
annual  production  nearly  or  quite  equals  that  of  China,  to  the  great 
detriment  of  the  latter  in  the  trade  of  these  two  great  staples.  As 
may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  figures  of  the  tea  and  silk  trade,  the 
export  has  steadily  decreased  until  at  present  the  export  of  tea  and 
silk  represents  only  about  10  per  cent  as  compared  with  that  of  a 
decade  or  two  ago;  so  that  many  foreign  houses  have  been  closed, 
while  the  Chinese  merchants,  owing  to  strong  competition,  have  lost  so 
heavily  that  they  are  almost  reduced  to  despair. 

Unless  some  remedial  measures  are  soon  adopted  by  China,  it  will 
not  be  many  years  when  both  the  tea  and  silk  trade  will  be  monopo- 
lized by  foreign  producers.  But,  independent  of  foreign  competition, 
the  trade  in  silk  and  tea  has  been  prejudiced  and  nearly  ruined  by  the 
Chinese  producers  and  merchants  by  carelessness  and  indifference  in 
looking  after  the  breed  of  the  silkworm,  by  refusing  to  employ 
machinery,  by  want  of  uniformity  in  picking,  preparing,  and  packing 
tea;  and  last,  but  not  least,  by  adulteration  and  other  questionable 
practices.  While  in  foreign  countries  they  avoid  all  the  above  in  order 
to  snatch  away  this  trade  from  China,  is  it  not  high  time  for  China  to 
adopt  some  measure  to  combat  this  formidable  competition  .' 

In  one  of  the  reportsof  the  Inspector-general  of  the  Chinese  imperial 
maritime  customs  to  the  tsung-li-yamen  the  causes  which  threaten  the 
tea  trade  were  set  forth  and  a  remedy  was  ottered,  viz,  that  the  officials 
should  issue  proclamations  calling  upou  the  tea  producers  to  adopt 
some  measure  to  improve  the  quality  of  the  leaf,  and  upon  the  dealers 
to  avoid  any  adulteration.  If  this  recommendation  is  faithfully  car- 
ried out,  it  would  surely  be  one  of  the  means  to  improve  the  condition 
of  the  tea  trade. 

Chinese  cotton  fabrics  is  another  great  product;  but  since  the  intro- 
duction of  foreign  cloths,  which  are  both  liner  and  cheaper,  the  demand 
for  the  home-made  article  has  frightfully  decreased.  Especially  is  this 
true  in  regard  to  chintz  and  figured  cloths,  which,  by  their  taking 
design  and  pleasing  color,  making  them  very  suitable  for  women's  and 
children's  wear,  have  entirely  driven  the  native  prints  out  of  the  mar- 
ket. In  other  kinds  of  cloths  the  foreigner  is  constantly  producing 
new  designs  to  meet  the  popular  taste  and  demand,  so  that  many  of 
the  native  manufacturers  are  obliged  to  close  their  establishments. 
Even  foreign  cotton  yarn  has.  in  a  great  measure,  superseded  Chinese 
yarn.  China  produces  an  enormous  quantity  of  cotton  yearly,  and  she 
should  by  all  means  establish  cotton  mills  with  machinery  for  weaving, 
printing,  and  dyeing  the  manufactured  cloths,  so  as  to  be  able  to  sup- 
ply home  demand  and  create  an  export  trade  besides. 

Although  a  cotton-cloth  mill  and  a  spinning  mill  have  been  estab- 
lished in  Shanghai,  yet  the  goods  manufactured  there  seem  to  have 
been  designed  solely  to  meet  the  Chinese  demand,  without  even  enter- 
taining the  object  of  supplying  the  same  to  foreigners  or  to  foreign 
countries.  Without  applying  intelligent  farsightedness  to  these  great 
industries,  their  extent  of  operation  must  necessarily  be  circumscribed. 


250  COTTON   CULTURE,  COTTON   MANUFACTURES,  AND 


THE  METHOD  OF  GINNING  COTTON  IN  CHINA,  ETC. 

The  following  extract  from  an  official  report  to  his  Government  by 
Mr.  Cooper,  British  consul  at  Ningpo,  China,  gives  concisely  the  method 
of  ginning  cotton  in  China: 

"  This  port,  like  that  of  Shanghai,  is  situate  in  a  cotton-producing 
country.  About  a  moiety  of  the  crop  grown  on  the  southern  shore  of 
the  Hang-chow  Bay  finds  its  exit  here  in  native  craft  bound  for  Formosa, 
where  it  is  exchanged  for  sugar,  turmeric,  linen-cloth,  dried  fish,  and 
medicines  that  are  in  demand  here.  The  remainder,  as  well  as  that 
grown  in  the  districts  to  the  south  of  it,  is  ginned,  scutched  with  the 
bow,  spun,  and  woven  into  cloth  in  the  homes  of  the  people.  The  gin- 
ning machine,  to  be  found  in  every  decent  household,  has  two  cylinders 
10  inches  in  length.  The  upper,  an  inch  in  diameter,  of  smooth  iron,  is 
worked  by  a  pedal  and  crank.  To  the  further  end  of  it  a  narrow  board 
is  attached  by  its  middle.  The  ends  are  weighted  so  that  it  acts  like  a 
fly  wheel.  The  lower  cylinder  is  slightly  over  2  inches,  and  made  of 
Mao-lieh  wood,  unsmoothed.  This  is  a  common  tree.  Its  peculiar  sur- 
face catches  the  cotton  fibers,  while  the  proximity  of  the  upper  cylinder 
prevents  the  seeds  accompanying  them.  The  lower  cylinder  is  turned 
by  one  of  the  hands  of  the  woman  sitting  at  the  machine,  while  she  feeds 
with  the  other.  The  Japanese  one,  lately  introduced,  is  worked  with 
one  pedal  by  a  man  standing,  and  requires  his  full  weight.  The  frame 
is  of  cast  iron,  as  is  the  fly  wheel.  The  principle  is  a  wooden  cylinder 
15  inches  long,  covered  with  tanned  leather,  scored  diagonally,  working 
against  a  smooth  metal  edge.  The  fibers  are  caught  by  the  lips  of  the 
cuts  and  are  drawn  through  the  crevice,  leaving  the  seeds  stripped. 
The  operative,  with  both  hands,  supplies  the  feeder,  which  consists  of 
prodding  bars,  between  which  the  naked  seeds  fall. 

"In  some  family  residences  the  scutcher's  bow,  mallet,  and  bed,  and 
the  weaver's  loom  are  to  be  found,  and  men  (or  women)  who  are  skilled 
in  their  use.  Scutchers  and  weavers,  however,  with  their  respective 
apparatus,  can  always  be  had  for  a  wage  of  about  Id.,  equal  to  14 
cents,  and  two  meals  a  day. 

"If  English  machinists  can  furnish  improvements  on  these  simple 
contrivances  at  a  low  cost,  an  extensive  market  is  open  for  their  inven- 
tions. By  the  indifference  that  has  attended  the  introduction  of  the 
.Japanese  machine  that  does  the  same  amount  of  work  that  10  or  12 
native  ones  could  scarcely  do,  it  may  be  argued  there  exists  no  preju- 
dice against  innovation  to  offend. 

"  Statistics  of  the  amounts  of  cotton  worked  up  for  home  consumption, 
and  for  export  in  the  form  of  cloth,  are  not  to  be  obtained." 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  IN  CHINA. 
Report  of  Samuel  L.  Gracey,  U.  S.  consul  at  Foocho7P,  China. 

MAY  25,  1892. 

AMERICAN  CLOTH. 

T  have  the  honor  to  present  the  following  additional  report  concern- 
ing American  cotton  goods  in  China  and  a,  new  native  industry  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  cloth. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


251 


The  animal  reports  of  the  commissioners  of  customs  at  Chinese  ports 
show  that  the  import  of  American  cotton  cloth  in  China  for  the  year 
1891  was  the  largest  on  record.    The  returns  are  as  follows : 


l  leecriptioD. 

1890.     " 

1891. 

1,201,791 

Pieces. 
2,008  455 

Drills 

861,591 

The  import  of  drills  at  the  port  of  Foochow  was  2,143  pieces  during 
1890  and  3,038  pieces  in  1891,  being  au  increase  of  895  pieces. 

INDIAN  YARN. 

The  tables  show  a  still  greater  increase  in  the  importation  of  India 
cotton  yarn,  the  total  ©f  that  article  for  all  China  being  1,138,000 
piculs,*  valued  at  20,900,000  Iiaikwan  taels,  or  $25,080,000  in  United 
States  money.  This  sum  exceeds  the  aggregate  value  of  the  year's 
importations  of  gray  and  white  sheetings,  T-cloths,  and  drills.  There 
has  been  a  marvelous  increase  in  the  import  of  this  article.  In  1882 
the  demand  for  cotton  yarns  was  only  185,000  piculs.  Last  year  the 
one  province  of  Quang-Tong,  in  which  Canton  is  situated,  received 
482,000  piculs.    At  this  port  the  increase  in  these  goods  was  as  follows: 


Description. 

1890. 

1891. 

Piculs. 

339 

49 

Piculs. 

2,947 
380 

The  Indian  yarn  is  known  as  10s.  and  comes  in  bales  containing  400 
pounds  net  weight,  and  is  delivered  here  at  $65  in  Mexican  or  $47.45  in 
American  currency.  At  this  price  there  seems  to  be  no  room  for  com- 
petition by  American  yarns. 

CHINESE   COTTON   INDUSTRY. 


This  enormous  increase  of  import  in  yarn  is  largely  due  to  the  fact 
that  a  great  impetus  has  lately  been  given  to  the  manufacture  of  a 
coarse  cloth  by  natives  in  many  parts  of  the  Empire. 

In  this  province  the  viceroy,  Pien,  has  greatly  encouraged  certain 
capitalists  who  were  manufacturing  looms  for  native  use  aud  putting 
forth  great  efforts  to  introduce  them  in  the  homes  of  the  people,  as  well 
as  starting  what  they  call  cotton  factories. 

The  viceroy  made  a  report  to  the  Emperor  in  regard  to  this  new 
industry,  and  received  instructions  to  release  it  from  the  burdensome 
likin  tax  which  cripples  every  industry  of  China.  His  petition  was  as 
follows : 

Fo-Kien  is  a  maritime  province,  and  by  no  means  fert  ile.  The  mass  of  the  popu- 
lation find  it  difficult  to  obtain  means  of  subsistence,  being  in  an  unusual  state  of 
poverty.  The  method  of  planting  cotton  and  of  weaving  tney  have  not  taken  pains 
to  study.     They  are  entirely  dependent  upon  the  importation  of  cotton  from  Kiang- 

"1  piculs=133J  pounds  avoirdupois. 


252     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

See  and  Che-Kiang.  Millions  of  dollars  are  expended  annually  for  the  gradual 
improvement  of  the  condition  of  the  people  of  Fo-Kien.  Your  servant  therefore 
established  a  cotton  mill  in  Fuchau  after  consultation  with  the  native  gentry. 
Apprentices  were  engaged,  and  weaving  instruments  were  purchased.  These 
apprentices  were  paid  wages  and  were  given  three  months'  time  within  which  to 
acquire  thorough  knowledge  of  weaving.  They  were  then  allowed  to  take  with 
them  a  weaving  machine  and  do  the  weaving  at  home.  Some  months  afterward  it 
was  found  thai  each  apprentice  could  manufacture  more  than  20  pieces  of  cloth 
every  month.  Your  servant  appropriated  a  certain  amount  of  public  funds  for  the 
expense  of  the  mills,  and  the  gentry  also  assisted  in  raising  capital  by  selling 
shares. 

It  is  now  two  years  since  its  establishment  and  very  many  in  this  city  and  other 
places  have  tried  to  work  on  the  same  principle,  so  that  now  over  4.000,000  pieces 
are  being  manufactured  annually  in  this  city  alone.  The  poor  people  therefore  have 
occupation  and  means  of  support.  The  industry  thus  gradually  extended,  it  is 
believed,  will  become  more  and  more  prosperous. 

Last  year  the  gentry  represented  to  me  that  the  native  cotton  cloth  was  made  of 
imported  cotton  yarn,  upon  which  import  duty  wa^  charged ;  besides  this,  likin  was 
also  levied  on  the  manufactured  cloth.  By  paying  this  double  duty  the  price  ran 
high,  and  the  sales  naturally  became  slow,  as  the  snoods  were  not  fine.  The  gentry 
then  requested  that  the  cloth  might  be  exempt  from  the  likin  duty.  In  compliance 
with  my  instructions,  the  commissioners  and  taotais  of  the  likin  bureau  reported  to 
me  after  deliberation  that  the  cloth  manufactured  in  the  Government  establish- 
ments, not  amounting  to  much,  might  be  exempt  from  payment  of  likin  for  a  time, 
and  the  sum  payable  by  private  establishments  might  be  reduced  to  60  per  cent  of 
the  former  charges,  etc.  It  is  now  nearly  a  year  since,  and  it  has  been  proved  that 
the  manufacture  of  the  Government  establishment  pays  handsomely,  while  but 
little  profit  accrues  to  private  establishments.  It  seems  we  can  not  but  think  of 
reducing  the  likin  taxes. 

He  then  quotes  an  imperial  edict  sanctioning-  the  proposal  of  the 
governor  of  Quang-See  in  regard  to  export  duty  on  silk  goods,  and 
continues : 

Your  servant,  therefore,  wishes  to  know  whether  Your  Majesty  will  graciously 
permit  the  cotton  yarn  imported  for  native  manufactories  to  be  exempt  from  likin, 
and  that  export  duty  be  reduced  to  40  per  cent  of  the  amount  formerly  charged,  as 
has  been  done  for  the  governor  and  people  of  Quang-See  in  the  case  of  exported 
silk  goods. 

The  Emperor  issued  an  edict  granting  this  request,  and  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  these  goods  have  greatly  increased. 

I  have  visited  and  inspected  some  of  these  so-called  Government 
mills.  I  found  the  largest  to  be  carried  on  in  a  large,  ordinary  Chinese 
house  on  the  ground  floor.  The  plant  consisted  of  eighteen  looms. 
These  are  made  of  wood  and  are  heavy  and  rough  in  workmanship.  I 
inclose  a  drawing  of  one  of  the  looms,  with  a  little-footed  woman  at 
work,  and  also  a  sample  of  the  cloth.  I  found  the  operatives  to  be 
young  men  under  20,  old  men  over  50,  and  women  of  all  ages.  They 
earn  from  $4  to  $0  per  month,  which  is  very  good  wages  for  native 
labor  in  this  country.  The  cloth,  as  you  will  see,  is  rather  coarse,  but 
closely  woven,  and  is  such  as  is  used  very  generally  by  the  coolie  class. 
It  is  13  inches  wide,  and  each  piece  measures  a  little  over  7  English 
yards,  and  can  be  bought  for  38  or  40  cents  in  the  currency  of  the 
country,  which  equals  about  28  and  30  cents  in  American  money,  or 
from  4  to  4£  cents  per  yard. 

Very  many  of  these  looms  are  being  made  by  a  company  of  the 
gentry,  who  lease  or  sell  them  to  private  parties  for  use  in  their  own 
homes.  They  can  be  purchased  for  about  $4  in  Mexican  or  $-\90  in 
American  money.  The  shuttle  is  thrown  by  hand  and  the  treadle 
worked  by  the  feet.  They  could  be  improved  very  easily  so  as  to  double 
the  quantity  of  cloth  produced;  but  the  great  object  in  China  is  to 
furnish  employment  to  as  many  persons  as  possible  and  not  to  cheapen 
products.    A  mill  having  steam  power  and  running  scores  of  looms 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  253 

would  not  be  allowed  introduction  in  this  city  or  province.  They  do 
not  want,  and  will  not  have,  any  labor-saving  machines.  As  an  evi- 
dence of  this,  I  may  state  that  in  all  the  city  of  Fuchau.  with  its  million 
of  inhabitants,  there  is  not  a  single  pump  or  windlass  used  in  getting 
water  from  their  wells,  but  all  water  is  drawn  up  by  a  small  pail  at  the 
end  of  a  rope,  just  as  was  done  in  the  days  of  Abraham,  and  if  a  pump 
was  forced  upon  them  it  Mould  not  be  used. 

I  am  continually  in  receipt  of  circulars  and  letters  from  manufac- 
turers of  simple  and  useful  things  at  home  asking  if  there  is  any 
market  for  such  articles  in  this  country,  and  am  sorry  that  I  am  forced 
to  reply  that  there  is  not.  Although  nearly  all  the  people  use  flint 
and  steel  in  kindling  fires,  some  matches  of  German  and  Japanese 
manufacture  are  being  sold,  but  not  one  person  in  a  thousand  will 
resort  to  their  use. 


Report  of  Samuel  L.  Graccy,  U.  8.  consul  at  Foochow,  China. 

MAY  20,  1898. 

To  compete  with  the  native-made  cloth,  it  would  be  desirable  to  have 
the  cloth  of  the  same  width  as  ordinary  Chinese  goods,  which  is  11.} 
English  inches.  The  Japanese  are  manufacturing  and  introducing 
goods  of  this  width  extensively. 

British  cotton  goods  are  branded,  to  catch  the  native  eye  and  taste, 
with  trade  marks  of  the  Chinese  Dragon,  Tigers,  Lions,  Elephants, 
Tea  Caddies,  and  Chinese  characters;  giving  weight,  quality,  measure- 
ment, and  assuring  purchasers  of  the  purity  and  the  quality  of  the 
goods. 

It  would  also  be  desirable  that  American  manufacturers  should  unite 
to  bear  the  expense  of  sending  an  agent  well  versed  in  the  whole  sub- 
ject of  cotton  manufacturing  and  familiar  with  the  goods  to  investigate 
the  demands  and  opportunities  of  the  country,  the  kinds  of  fabrics 
most  in  demand,  the  widths  and  lengths  most  desirable,  and  the  quality 
and  weight  of  cloth. 

The  field  is  a  large  one  and  can  be  made  to  produce  great  results. 

In  regard  to  the  facilities  of  getting  the  goods  on  the  market,  this  is 
now  done  largely  by  Chinese  brokers  and  compradores,  who  act  as 
middlemen  between  the  foreign  merchants  in  Hong  Kong  and  Shang- 
hai and  the  native  jobbers  and  dealers  in  the  outports. 

COTTON-G-KOWING-. 
There  is  no  cotton  grown  within  this  consular  district, 

COTTON   CONSUMPTION. 

We  can  not  obtain  any  report  as  to  the  amount  of  cotton  goods  of 
American  manufacture  received  at  this  port,  as  the  goods  are  first 
received  at  Hong  Kong  or  Shanghai  by  foreign  or  Chinese  importers, 
and  the  custom-house  reports  there  tell  the  amount  of  cotton  goods 
received  from  each  country;  but  when  they  arc  sent  to  the  outports 
through  Chinese  brokers  or  dealers  they  are  simply  reported  at  the  cus- 
tom house  here  as  so  much  and  such  variety  of  goods  reshipped  from 
Hong  Kong  or  Shanghai,  and  the  country  producing  is  not  mentioned, 
so  I  have  no  way  of  ascertaining  just  the  ainouutof  American  products 
received. 


254  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

FIBERS  WHICH   COMPETE   WITH   COTTON. 

We  have  no  fibers  which  compete  with  cotton  cloth,  shettings,  shirt- 
ings, prints,  etc.,  in  this  market,  to  any  great  extent,  very  little  woolen 
goods  being  used  and  but  very  small  quantities  of  flax,  jute,  or  hemp. 

IMPORTANCE   OF   THE    CHINESE  MARKET. 

This  Empire  is  yearly  becoming  a  much  more  important  market  for 
American  products  than  any  other  country  not  fully  opened  to  the 
manufacturing  nations  of  the  world.  Its  population  of  400,000,000 
people  are  just  becoming  familiar  with  foreign  products  through  the 
open  markets  of  the  treaty  ports,  and  this  acquaintance  with  foreign 
goods  does  not  extend  to  the  great  mass  of  the  people  away  from  the 
few  treaty  ports  except  to  a  comparatively  small  degree,  but  gradually 
yet  steadily  the  area  brought  into  contact  with  foreign  trade  is  extend- 
ing and  an  immense  market  is  opening.  If  we  desire  to  secure  our 
share  of  this  trade  our  merchants  and  manufacturers  should  study  the 
peculiar  tastes  of  the  people  and  the  nature  of  their  requirements. 


Report  of  O.  H.  Simons,  U.  8.  consul  at  Hongkong,  China. 

NOVEMBER  18,  1892. 

The  following  facts  and  figures  were  collated  from  several  private 
sources,  and  there  is  no  official  means  of  verifying  their  absolute  accuracy, 
since  all  information  on  the  subject  is  jealously  guarded  by  the  princi- 
pal dealers  in  this  staple;  but  I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  they 
are  approximately  correct. 

No  figures  whatever  could  be  obtained  for  the  years  preceding  1875, 
but  the  following  table  shows  the  estimated  imports,  exports,  and 
reported  sales  of  Indian  gray  yarn  effected  in  Hongkong,  Shanghai, 
and  Japan,  during  each  year  from  1876  to  1891,  inclusive: 


Imports  to  Hong- 
kong. 
(Bales  of  ioo  lbs.) 

Shipments  from 
Bombay  to  Shang- 
hai ami  Japan. 
(Bales  of  400  lbs.) 

1876 

17, 598 

30,  289 

37,  799 

47,  338 

60, 265 

55,  705 

82.  286 

97,  200 

137,  1175 

150,221 

175,  291 

178,790 

187,368 

225,  457 

209,  689 

222,  801 

* 

[877 

* 

1878 

* 

1879 

6,721 
3,980 

L880  

1881 

7,834 

1882 

6,458 
16,514 

1883  

L884 

12,  858 

27,  954 



1  SSI, 

60,  089 
88, 435 

1 SS7 

i    -     

90,  242 
104,  850 



1800 

187,  353 

l-.ii 

177,  371 

*  Note.— Figures  not  given— probably  no  shipments. 

Turning  for  a  moment  to  the  other  ports  of  China,  we  find  the  fol- 
lowing figures: 
In  1875  Shanghai  imported  direct  from  foreign  countries  1,350  bales 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION   IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  255 

of  cotton  yarn.  In  1891  Shanghai  imported  direct  11,708  bales  of 
English  and  98,786  bales  of  Indian  cotton  yarn. 

Swatow  imported  direct  from  foreign  countries,  in  1875,  15  bales  of 
yarn.  In  L891  Swatow  imported  direct  19  bales  of  Indian  cotton  yarn, 
besides  the  large  quantities  imported  via  Hongkong. 

Oheefoo  in  1ST."")  imported  no  yarn  direct.  In  1891  the  direct  imports 
at  this  port  were  269  bales  of  English  and  078  bales  of  Indian  cotton 
yarn. 

Tientsin  in  1875  made  no  direct  importations  of  foreign  yarns.  In 
1891  her  direct  imports  of  English  yarn  were  779  bales,  and  of  Indian 
yarn  125  bales.  While  Kiongchow,  which  imported  no  foreign  yarn 
direct  in  1875.  imported  5  bales  of  Indian  yarn  direct  in  1891. 

And  in  general  it  may  be  said  that  the  Indian  cotton  yarns  have  to 
a  great  extent  supplanted  the  English  yarns  in  the  Chinese  trade, 
while  the  increase  in  the  importation  of  cotton  cloth  into  Hongkong 
and  the  Chinese  ports  has  not  been  at  all  commensurate  of  late  years 
wiih  the  increased  importation  of  cotton  yarn;  indicating  plainly  that 
the  Chinese  are  weaving  their  own  cotton  fabrics  to  a  greater  extent 
year  by  year,  in  preference  to  importing  them  from  abroad. 

In  Shanghai,  in  1891,  there  was  an  increase  in  the  importation  of 
Indian  yarns  of  40,517  bales,  or  nearly  31  per  cent,  over  1890,  to  a  great 
extent  displacing  English  yarns;  and  had  the  year  been  a  quieter  one 
on  the  north,  with  fewer  riots,  rebellions,  and  outrages,  there  is  no 
doubt  but  that  the  consumption  of  Indian  yarns  in  Shanghai  would 
have  been  much  greater. 

In  the  case  of  raw  cotton,  the  imports  into  Hongkong  fell  off  about 
3,100  bales  in  1891,  or  about  9  per  eeut,  showing  that  this  trade  is  slowly 
dying  out  in  Hongkong  owing  to  the  cheapness  of  the  imported  cot- 
ton yarn.  In  Japan,  on  the  other  hand,  where  yarn  mills  have  been 
set  up,  the  direct  importation  from  Bombay  amounted  last  year  to  79,079 
bales,  and  would  doubtless  have  reached  a  much  higher  figure  but  for 
the  great  earthquake,  which  did  so  much  damage  to  the  factories  that 
many  of  the  mills  were  forced  to  suspend  operations. 

With  regard  to  cotton  cloth,  I  regret  to  say  that  I  am  unable  to  give 
any  statistics  whatever. 

In  answer  to  query  No.  3,  I  would  state  that  there  are  no  other  fibers 
grown  or  used  in  this  district  to  replace  or  mix  with  cotton. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  offer  a  word  of  advice  to  American  cotton  man- 
ufacturers who  may  be  thinking  of  competing  with  India  for  the 
Chinese  market.  They  will  never  succeed  unless  they  make  a  special 
study  of  the  requirements  of  the  Chinese  people.  For  instance,  90  per 
cent  of  the  cotton  cloth  worn  by  the  poorer  classes,  both  men  and 
women,  is  only  about  a  foot  wide,  dyed  in  dark,  solid  colors  (never  fig- 
ured) and  highly  glazed  or  polished  (like  sarsanet)  on  one  side.  Yet  I 
am  told  that  some  American  manufacturers  send  out  gaudy  figured 
calicoes  and  are  surprised  and  discouraged  because  they  do  not  find  a 
ready  market. 

From  all  parts  of  the  world  the  consular  reports  echo  the  same  com- 
plaint — that  our  manufacturers  will  not  take  the  trouble  to  ascertain 
the  peculiar  requirements  of  each  foreign  nation,  but  persist  in  send- 
ing goods  according  to  their  own  preconceived  idea  of  what  ought  to  be 
saleable  in  any  given  country,  and  the  result  is  that  the  Germans, 
English,  and  others  who  make  a  study  of  foreign  markets  have  in 
many  cases  supplanted  America  in  foreign  markets  with  inferior  mer- 
chandise, simply  by  virtue  of  their  knowledge  of  the  national  charac- 
teristics of  the  natives. 


256     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

If  American  manufacturers  desire  to  compete  with  England  and 
India  for  the  cotton  trade  of  China  and  Japan,  their  first  step  must  be 
to  send  out  an  expert  who  shall  observe  and  decide  what  grades  of  raw 
cotton,  cotton  yarn,  and  cotton  cloth  are  in  demand  here  and  would 
form  a  profitable  item  in  the  foreign  trade  of  the  country. 

In  the  matter  of  cotton  yarns,  for  instance,  it  is  evident  from  what 
has  already  been  said,  that  Nos.  10  and  20  are  the  leading  counts,  saleable 
all  the  year  round,  while  24, 16, 14,  and  12  are  "fancy  articles,"  and  the 
demand  and  sales  of  these  counts  is  very  capricious  and  variable,  and 
can  not  be  counted  upon  with  any  degree  of  certainty. 

So  also  with  cotton  cloth.  No  one  but  an  expert  and  well  acquainted 
with  the  Chinese  people  can  possibly  predict  and  arrange  to  meet  the 
demand  in  any  given  year  for  the  many  different  grades  of  cloth. 

The  English  and  the  Germans  have  their  experts  on  the  spot,  and  it 
is  useless  for  Americans  to  think  of  competing  with  these  nations  for 
the  cotton  trade  of  China  until  they  have  followed  their  example  in 
this  respect. 

APPENDIX  TO   CONSUL   O.   H.    SIMONS'  REPORT. 
[From  the  Hongkong  Daily  Press,  January  4,  1893.] 

Mr.  P.  Eduljee,  in  his  report  dated  Hongkong,  1st  January,  writes: 

The  trade  in  Indian  gray  yarn  continues  to  advance  with  rapid 
strides,  and  the  year  just  passed  shows  an  exceptionally  prosperous 
period  both  to  dealers  and  importers,  with  a  substantial  increase  in 
volume  and  price. 

Total  imports  to  China  and  Japan,  which  amounted  to  389,802  bales 
in  1891,  show  an  increase  of  54,012  bales  in  1892,  or  nearly  14  per  cent. 
In  Hongkong  alone  receipts  increased  from  218,732  bales  in  1891  to 
247,569  bales  in  1892,  or  over  13  per  cent,  whilst  direct  shipments  to 
Shanghai  and  Japan  advanced  to  196,305  bales,  as  against  171,130  bales 
in  1891,  or  nearly  15  per  cent. 

At  the  close  of  1889,  the  number  of  mills  throughout  Japan  was  34, 
running  an  aggregate  of  268,988  spindles,  increasing  to  37  mills  in 
1890,  capable  of  running  382,976  spindles.  It  is  estimated,  however, 
that  only  270,000  spindles  on  an  average  were  employed  during  the 
year,  producing  only  110,000  bales  of  400  lbs.  In  1891  the  number 
of  mills  was  reduced  to  36,  and  at  the  close  of  the  first  half  of  last  year 
bhey  stood  at  35,  with  324,800  spindles,  producing  102,500  bales  as 
against  111,000  bales  in  the  whole  of  1890  and  110,625  bales  in  1891. 
Whilst  this  is  being  written,  telegraphic  news  has  been  received  from 
Japan  of  the  total  destruction  by  fire  of  two  mills  in  Osaka  containing 
30,000  spindles. 

The  great  drawback  to  the  local  industry  in  Japan  is  the  unsuit- 
ability  of  the  home-grown  cotton  for  spinning,  either  alone,  or  after 
mixing  with  other  staple,  on  account  of  its  harshness  and  shortness, 
and  the  cost  to  which  the  mills  are  put  in  supplying  themselves  from 
foreign  markets.  Notwithstanding  these  drawbacks,  the  country  is 
advancing  with  steady  progress,  both  in  the  volume  and  quality  of  the 
manufacture  suited  to  its  requirements,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years  Japan  will  not  only  offer  an  exceedingly  poor  outlet  for  Indian 
yarns,  but  will  be  no  mean  competitor  with  JJombay  mill-owners  in  the 
<  Mima  markets. 

In  lieu  of  the  manufactured  article,  however,  Japan  is  now  a  large 
buyer  in  India  of  raw  cotton,  ami  the  pace  at  which  the  trade  is 
advancing, since  its  commencement  some  two  years  ago,  gives  promise 
of  a  considerable  expansion  in  the  near  future. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  257 

Report  of  Constantino  Khouri,  acting  U.  8.  vice-consul  at  Beirut,  Syria. 

JUNE  1!).  1S93. 

The  Beirut  consular  district  is  not,  properly  speaking,  a  cotton- 
growing  region.     In   fact,  the    plain   of   Aeca,  a   part  of  the   plain   of 

Esdrelon  and  a  portion  of  the  Latakia  district, used  to  be  cultivated  a 
few  years  ago  with  cotton,  but  This  branch  of  agriculture  has,  in  a 
great  measure,  been  given  up  since  1877,  owing  to  the  introduction  into 
the  Syrian 'market  of  American  cotton,  against  which  the  native  cotton 
could  by  no  means  compete.  The  plant  grown  in  Syria  was  an  animal 
one,  and  produced  a  short  and  coarse  kiud  of  cotton. 

The  many  vicissitudes  to  which  cotton  culture  used  to  be  subjected, 
such  as  the  visitation  of  locusts  and  other  vermin,  the  scarcity  or  great 
abundance  of  rains  at  the  sowing  season,  and  the  prevalence  of  sirocco 
winds  during-  the  critical  period  of  flowering,  have  in  a  great  measure 
affected  its  progress.  On  the  other  hand,  the  inferiority  of  the  native 
cotton,  deteriorated  by  the  little  attention  bestowed  on  its  cultivation 
and  cleaning,  prevented  it  from  being,  before  the  civil  war  in  America, 
an  important  article  of  exportation.  However,  the  abnormal  rise  which 
took  place  in  18G2, 1SG3,  and  1804:  in  the  price  of  cotton,  induced  a  con- 
siderable number  of  farmers  to  devote  their  lands  to  the  cultivation  of 
cotton,  which  fact  caused  the  export  of  the  article  to  rank  in  those 
years  above  all  the  other  Syrian  products. 

In  1865  the  crops  were  greatly  damaged  by  the  locusts,  which 
destroyed  a  great  part  of  the  seed  and  reduced  the  product  to  at  least 
one-half.  The  general  discouragement  affected  thereby  resulted  in  a 
much  smaller  extent  of  land  being  sown  with  cotton  in  1866.  The 
crops  of  the  years  L866,  1867  and  L868  were  more  or  less  failures.  In 
1869  the  high  prices  that  ruled  in  Europe  increased  the  area  of  land 
sowed  with  cotton,  and  the  crop  of  that  year  realized  4,060,000  lbs. 
for  exportation.  The  cotton  yield  of  the  two  following  years  proved 
to  be  a  total  failure,  on  account  of  excessive  drought.  After  that  the 
culture  and  consequently  the  production  of  cotton  began  to  fail  rapidly, 
until  1877,  when,  as  above  stated,  the  cultivation  of  that  agricultural 
article  was,  for  the  most  part,  abandoned.  Although  most  strenuous 
efforts  were  made  at  different  epochs  to  promote  the  cultivation  of  cot- 
ton and  introduce  a  better  quality  by  the  distribution  of  Egyptian  and 
American  seed,  yet,  for  various  reasons,  these  endeavors  have  not  been 
attended  with  success. 

The  district  of  Mersine  is  the  only  one  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
consulate  in  which  the  cultivation  of  cotton  is  still  carried  on  to  a  cer- 
tain extent.  The  area  of  laud  devoted  to  the  culture  of  that  plant  is 
nearly  491,228  acres,  and  the  quantity  raised  ranges  between  60,000  and 
70,000  bales,  weighing  440  lbs.  each,  per  annum,  three-fifths  of  which 
are  exported  to  Europe.  In  Syria  the  cotton  seed  is  usually  sown  in 
the  early  part  of  March  by  placing  two  or  three  grains  together  in  holes 
made  in  the  ground  at  a  distance  of  about  two  feet  from  each  other, 
over  which  earth  is  thrown  up  to  cover  them  thoroughly.  When  the 
cotton  plants  grow  up  and  are  about  seven  inches  high,  the  farmers 
begin,  for  the  first  lime,  their  hand  and  expensive  work  of  stirring  the 
earth  softly  around  the  plants  and  uprooting  all  the  weeds  that  grow 
in  great  abundance  on  the  cotton  plantations.  When  the  plants  reach 
the  height  of  about  fifteen  inches,  the  same  process  is  repeated.  After 
each  process  the  cotton  plantations  are  thoroughly  irrigated.  When 
the  stems  of  the  cotton  plants  attain  an  elevation  of  about  twenty  inches, 
COT — VOL  2 17 


258     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

the  whole  earth  is  turned  over,  cleared  of  the  wild  herbs,  and  is  left  for 
about  ten  days  to  rest  without  being-  watered,  after  which  the  soil  is" 
furrowed  up  deeply  in  order  to  cover  the  lower  parts  of  the  cotton 
plants  and  facilitate  the  work  of  irrigation,  which  is  then  repeated  in 
abundance  once  in  a  fortnight  until  the  month  of  September.  As  soon 
as  the  first  capsules  open  and  display  their  soft,  downy  white  substance, 
a  number  of  girls  and  boys  begin  the  work  of  plucking  the  same  with 
their  hands.  After  that,  every  two  or  three  days  the  gathering  of  the 
full-grown  cotton  pods  is  renewed  until  the  cold  season  sets  in,  during 
which  the  capsules  do  not  open  but  keep  the  cotton  fiber  enveloped 
within  their  corollas.  When  this  happens,  the  whole  cotton  plants  are 
cut  off  or  uprooted  and  left  to  dry  in  the  sun,  which  causes  the  remain- 
ing pods  to  open  and  give  up  the  cotton  treasured  in  their  bosom.  The 
cotton  pods  are  then  distributed  to  poor  people,  mostly  women,  to  pick 
out  their  contents.  The  kind  of  cotton  seed  which  is  generally  used  in 
this  country  is  called  "  balady,"  or  native.  The  fiber  of  the  cotton 
raised  in  the  Mersine  district  is  short  and  of  a  poor  quality,  and  is 
greatly  inferior  to  both  the  American  and  Egyptian  cotton;  its  market 
price  fluctuates  between  sixteen  and  twenty  dollars  per  100  kilo- 
grammes, or  220  pounds. 

A  "feddan"  of  land  (which  equals  G,0()0  square  yards),  if  carefully 
manured,  ploughed,  sown,  and  irrigated,  yields  on  an  average  two 
"cantars"  (or  19(i  pounds)  of  pure  cotton.  In  the  district  of  Mersine 
there  is  a  probability  of  an  increase  of  acreage  of  lands  to  be  devoted 
to  the  culture  of  cotton,  but  in  other  parts  of  this  consular  district 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  cotton-growing  will  continue  to 
undergo  a  retrograde  tendency. 

As  there  is  no  oil  mill  in  Mersine  for  crushing  the  cotton  seed  gath- 
ered every  year,  the  same  are  generally  exported  to  England.  To 
establish  a  factory  of  this  kind  would  no  doubt  prove  a  most  remuner- 
ative undertaking,  as  hydraulic  power  can  be  easily  secured  in  that 
part  of  the  Turkish  Empire.  Throughout  the  Mersine  district  there  is 
but  one  spinning  factory,  established  three  years  ago,  having  5,000 
spindles  and  producing  about  400  tons  of  spun  cotton  threads  x>er  sea- 
son, and  it  is  worked  by  hydraulic  power. 

The  raw  cotton  used  in  this  country  is  imported  from  Egypt  and  is 
generally  used  for  stuffing  bedding  articles.  Cotton  thread  is  imported 
on  a  large  scale  from  England  in  the  form  of  yarns,  bleached,  Turkey 
red  and  dyed.  Yarns  are  often  used  as  warp  or  woof  in  the  weaving 
of  various  kinds  of  textiles,  such  as  "keffiyehs,"  curtains,  articles 
of  dress,  furniture,  etc.  Cotton  thread  for  sewing  purposes  is  also 
imported,  partly  from  England  and  partly  from  Germany  and  Austria, 
in  the  form  of  spools  of  thread,  which  vary  in  color,  quality,  shape,  and 
fineness.  Cotton  cloth  goods  constitute  the  main  part  of  the  imports 
of  this  country.  England  supplies  the  Syrian  markets  with  the  grey 
cotton  cloth,  grey  and  bleached  shirtings,  prints, and  calicoes,  immense 
quantities  of  which  are  annually  used  by  the  population  of  this  part  of 
the  Turkish  Empire.  On  the  other  hand,  by  far  the  greater  portion  of 
cotton  muslin  and  tanjibs,  sashes,  scarfs,  handkerchiefs,  towels,  nap- 
kins, belts,  stockings,  head  coverings,  and  sundry  other  cotton  goods 
for  the  use  of  the  peasants  are  imported  from  Germany,  Switzerland, 
and  Austria.  The  exportation  of  cotton  goods  manufactured  in  Syria 
is  quite  insignificant  compared  \\  ith  the  imports  of  col  ton  fabrics  from 
foreign  countries.  Syrian  cotton  textiles  are.  to  a  great  extent,  sent 
out  to  Egypt,  Anatolia,  and  Caramania.  Most  of  the  textiles  are  a 
mixture  of  silk  and  cotton  tissues. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  259 

The  hemp  fiber,  which  is  the  only  one  that  competes  in  Syria  with 
cotton,  the  j nte  and  ramie  being  unknown  to  Syrian  agriculturists, 
is  generally  used  for  the  manufacture  of  ropes  and  cordage.  It  is  worth 
mentioning  that  during  the  last  ten  years  a  marked  tendency  toward 
mixing  col  ton  with  silk  in  the  Syrian  tissues  has  constantly  developed 
itself  in  the  industry  of  this  part  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  a  fact  which 
is  continually  increasing  the  consumption  of  cotton  yarns.  Further- 
more, within  the  last  five  years  the  use  of  cotton  alone  in  the  manu- 
facture of  Syrian  textiles,  adopted  by  the  Egyptian  and  Anatolian 
peasantry  as  clothing  materials,  has  lately  assumed  a  scope  rarely 
reached  before  in  the  history  of  the  Syrian  industry. 


Report  of  Constantine  RJiouri,  TJ.  S.  vice-consul  at  Beirut,  Syria. 

NOVEMBER  23,  1S92. 

Jute  is  not  cultivated  within  the  Beirut  consular  district.  The  small 
quantity  of  jute  fibers  used  here  for  surgical  purposes  is  imported  from 
Europe.  Heunequen.  sisal,  and  ramie  (China  grass)  are  equally  unknown 
to  Syrian  agriculturists.  A  ramie  shrub  was  recently  planted  here 
in  the  way  of  trial  by  Dr.  George  E.  Post,  formerly  professor  of  botany 
in  the  American  College,  but  according  to  information  received  from 
him  it  did  not  succeed,  although  in  his  opinion  it  could  easily  be  accli- 
mated in  this  part  of  the  Turkish  Empire. 


Report  of  John  G.  Sundberg,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Bagdad,  Turkey  in  Asia. 

JULY  19,  1893. 

Very  little  cotton  is  grown  in  this  region,  and  none  is  exported  or 
manufactured  into  cloth,  nearly  all  being  used  for  filling  mattresses 
and  cushions. 

Persia  supplies  us  with  286,000  lbs.  of  raw  cotton  a  year,  the  price 
of  which  varies  from  4  to  5  cents  per  pound. 

The  importation  of  cotton  textiles  is  considerable,  mostly  from  Eng- 
land and  Switzerland. 


Report  of  Watson  R.  Sperry,  TJ.  S.  consul-general,  at  Teheran,  Persia. 

MARCH  13,  1S93. 

Hon.  Wi.  F.  Wharton, 

Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  Washington,  I).  C: 
1  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  report  in  regard  to  the  cul- 
tivation ami  manufacture  of  cotton  in  Persia.  This  report  has  been 
prepared  by  Mr.  John  Tyler,  the  interpreter  of  this  legation.  The  cir- 
cular letter  of  the  Department  in  reference  to  this  subject  arrived  at 
about  the  date  of  the  departure  of  Mr.  Fox,  and  several  weeks  before 
my  arrival,  and  hence  the  matter  required  the  attention  of  Mr.  Tyler. 
Mr.  Tyler's  long  residence  in  this  country  (hehaslived  here  nearly  twenty 
years),  his  friendly  and  intimate  relations  witli  the  important  men  of 
Persia,  and  his  careful  and  methodical  habits  of  mind,  all  make  him 


260     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

peculiarly  competent  to  investigate  and  report  upon  the  Persian  cotton 
industry.  ****** 

******* 
Since  my  arrival  here  I  have  received  inquiries  from  native  mer- 
chants in  regard  to  American  goods  made  of  cotton,  such  as  sheetings, 
shirtings,  etc.  These  inquiries  rested  in  part  upon  dissatisfaction  with 
similar  goods  of  English  make.  I  infer  from  this  that  there  is  an  oppor- 
tunity to  sell  cotton  goods  of  American  manufacture  in  this  country. 
There  is  need,  however,  that  such  fabrics  he  of  good  quality  for  the 
price.  The  existing  opportunity,  of  whatever  extent  it  may  be,  could 
be  enlarged  by  satisfactory  results.  *  *  * 


[Inclosure.] 

"Teheran,  Persia," 

"  March  13,  1893" 
His  Excellency, 

The  Hon.  Watson  P.  Sperry, 
Minister  of  the  United  Mates: 

Sir  :  *  *  *  The  cotton  plant  seems  to  be  indigenous  to  the  coun- 
try, and  will  thrive  in  almost  any  part,  providing  a  favorable  soil  can 
be  found,  and  a  sufficient  water  supply  for  irrigation  procured.  It 
nourishes  in  the  humid  clearings  of  the  dense  forests  that  fringe  the 
southern  shores  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  grows  equally  well  in  the  fierce 
heat  and  glare  of  the  Central  Plains.  Cotton  was  grown  and  utilized 
at  a  very  remote  era  of  Persian  history. 

The  mode  of  cultivation  has  probably  continued  almost  unchanged 
from  early  times.  Indeed,  if  the  result  arrived  at  were  to  be  reached 
or  facilitated  by  human  means  scarcely  anything  simpler  could  be 
devised. 

The  folio  win  g  is  the  method  usually  observed.  It  will  be,  however,  as 
well  to  state  in  the  beginning  that  the  fertilizing  material  used  on  land 
devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  is  such  as  contain  strong  alkaloids, 
and  is  collected  from  cesspools  and  water-closets,  and  pigeon's  dung- 
deposited  in  large  mud  towers,  the  inside  of  the  walls  of  which  are  per- 
forated with  holes,  where  wild  pigeons  roost  during  the  night,  and  seek 
safety  from  the  attacks  of  birds  of  prey.  In  consequence  of  the  scarcity 
of  the  manure  supply,  cotton  is  not  sown  on  the  same  land  two  years  in 
succession.  A  year's  fallow  is  considered  necessary  to  give  time  for 
recuperation.  If  a  second  crop  is  sown  the  following  year  the  result  is 
a  very  indifferent  quality,  and  is  not  considered  sufficient  to  compensate 
for  the  labor  bestowed. 

From  the  time  the  plants  have  attained  a  sufficiently  sturdy  growth 
to  support  the  effects  of  the  fierce  summer  heat,  until  the  cotton  is 
matured  and  ready  for  harvesting,  it  is  subjected  to  a  varied  irriga- 
tion. If  the  land  be  of  a  loamy  or  sandy  description  and  free  from  an 
underlayer  of  stone  or  gravel  and  bordering  on  the  supplying  stream 
or  river,  so  as  to  absorb  a  quantity  of  moisture,  the  plants  are  irrigated 
every  15  days;  if,  however,  the  same  conditions  of  soil  exist  at  a  dis- 
tance from  the  stream  then  water  is  turned  on  every  L2  days.  If  the 
ground,  on  the  contrary,  be  of  a  gravelly  or  of  a  very  absorbant  nature, 
whether  it  be  near  or  far  from  the  principal  stream,  it  has  to  be  watered 
every  seven  days. 

Planting  usually  commences  in  the  beginning  of  April  and  continues 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  261 

according  to  the  varying  circumstances  of  situation  and  latitude  for 
abont  a  month. 

The  harvesting  begins  about  the  21st  of  September,  and  is  finished 
before  the  end  of  October.  The  picking  of  the  cotton  resembles  the 
method  pursued  in  other  countries.  As  soon  as  the  cotton  shows  signs 
of  maturity  the  pickers  go  amongst  the  plants  and  collect  the  cotton 
from  the  capsules  as  fast  as  they  ripen,  putting  it  into  bags  tied  round 
their  shoulders  for  that  purpose.  It  is  then  taken  home  and  laid  out 
in  the  sun  until  it  is  quite  free  from  moisture.  When  the  whole  is 
gathered  and  dried,  it  is  then  put  through  the  cleaner,  which  consists 
of  two  parallel  rollers,  between  which  the  cotton  passes,  and  a  box  to 
receive  the  seeds.  This,  however,  is  not  a  very  efficient  contrivance, 
and  the  cotton  has  to  be  recleaned  before  it  can  be  applied  to  the  manu- 
facturing process.  One  machine  will  clean  about  100  lbs.  in  the 
course  of  a  day. 

For  the  purposes  of  export  or  transport  to  the  coast  or  inland  towns 
the  cotton  is  packed  in  large  bales,  but  not  pressed  beyond  what  can 
be  accomplished  by  the  feet  and  hands,  and  these  bales  are  made  up 
into  different  weights.  If  for  transport  by  donkeys  to  about  100  lbs., 
for  mules  to  17o  lbs.,  and  for  camels  from  200  to  220  lbs.  At  the 
ports  on  the  Persian  Gulf  it  is  usually  made  up  into  pressed  bales 
before  being  put  on  board,  but  on  the  Caspian  it  is  generally  shipped  in 
the  ordinary  Persian  bales. 

All  cotton  is  spun  for  manufacturing  purposes  by  the  hand  wheel, 
and  generally  by  women  and  girls,  who  are  taught  this  work  at  a  very 
early  age. 

Persian  agriculturists  have  not  yet  come  to  see  the  advantages  to 
be  derived  from  an  interchange  of  seed,  but  continue  to  use  the  same 
in  one  particular  district  from  generation  to  generation,  consequently 
the  cotton  never  attains  a  very  high  degree  of  excellence. 

The  seed  of  the  cotton  is  mostly  given  to  camels,  which  like  it  better 
than  any  other  kind  of  food,  in  the  town  of  Ispahan  and  a  few  other 
places  oil  to  a  very  limited  extent  is  extracted  and  used  for  lighting 
purposes,  but  this  has  not  yet  assumed  such  dimensions  as  to  entitle  it 
to  be  considered  as  a  separate  branch  of  the  cotton  industry. 

The  area  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton  probably  amounts  in 
one  year  to  about  36,736  acres,  but  as  a  considerable  part  of  this 
land  remains  fallow  every  alternate  year,  the  total  quantity,  i.  e.  actu- 
ally under  cultivation  and  fallow,  would  be  about  00,000  acres.  The 
extent  of  the  area,  even  where  the  conditions  of  soil  and  climate  are 
favorable,  is  limited,  except  in  the  Caspian  littoral,  where  the  soil  is 
moist  and  rain  frequent  and  irrigation  not  necessary  to  the  water  sup- 
ply, though  in  many  cases  the  labor  available  for  cultivation  has  to  be 
taken  into  account.  1  have  endeavored  to  form  as  accurate  an  estimate 
as  possible  of  the  average  annual  yield  of  cotton  per  acre  throughout 
the  country,  and  my  impression  is  that  it  amounts  to  about  500  pounds 
(presumably  seed  cotton,  which  would  be  equal  to  150  to  160  pounds  of 
ginned  or  lint  cotton).  In  some  districts  it  is  considerably  higher, 
especially  where  a  crop  succeeds  a  year  of  fallow  and  manure  is  abund- 
ant, but  in  other  places  it  is  much  lower. 

The  yearly  produce  of  cotton  is  about  8,200  tons,  and  though  there 
may  be  some  variation  in  the  quantity  in  certain  seasons,  vet  it  is  hardly 
sufficient  to  denote  any  departure  from  the  common  area,  or  improved 
conditions  of  climate  or  methods  of  cultivation. 

The  commercial  distribution  of  the  cotton  follows  with  almost  unde- 
viating  regularity  the  same  routes,  but  this  is  the  logical  consequence 


2G2     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

of  the  conditions  of  production  and  home  consumption,  which  observe 
an  almost  unbroken  ratio.  About  3,500  tons  are  exported  from  the 
central,  southern,  and  southeastern  provinces  to  India  and  England, 
chiefly  to  India.  From  the  north,  northwest,  and  northeast  about  2,500 
tons  go  to  Russia,  and  2,'200  are  devoted  to  the  supply  of  the  home 
manufactures. 

On  an  average  the  cost  of  cultivation  of  100  square  yards  is  about 
10  cents  for  the  season,  and  the  production  of  one  pound  of  (unginned) 
cotton  would  cost  about  one  cent.  This,  however,  depends  to  a  certain 
extent  on  the  district,  as  labor  is  dearer  in  some  places  than  others, 
although  the  system  of  large  farms,  employing  a  number  of  hands, 
does  not  exist  in  this  country.  Each  family  cultivates  it  own  plot — the 
landlord  providing  the  water,  which  sometimes  has  to  be  conducted  a 
long  distance  by  subterranean  aqueducts  (called  in  this  country 
kanats),  involving  a  large  expenditure  in  their  excavation.  The 
spring  or  source  from  which  they  derive  their  supply  is  generally  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain  range. 

Rent  is  invariably  paid  in  kind,  and  where  the  tenant  provides  his 
own  seed  and  means  of  cultivation  it  generally  amounts  to  half  the 
produce,  but  where  the  landlord  furnishes  the  seed,  auimals,  and 
implements,  he  takes  as  much  as  twotkirds.  There  are,  however, 
many  conditions  which  modify  these  contracts  and  arrangements. 

The  Government  takes  10  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  crop  and 
always  in  cash,  which  is  sometimes  paid  by  the  landlord  and  at  others 
by  the  tenants.  It  not  unfrequently  happens  that  the  inhabitants  are 
the  proprietors  of  their  village,  with  the  adjoining  land  and  water. 

The  price  of  cotton  from  the  growers  averages  about  If  cents  per 
pound  (for  unginned  or  seed  cotton).  During  the  war  of  secession 
in  the  United  States  the  price  increased  nearly  1,000  per  cent,  and 
larger  areas  were  devoted  to  the  cultivation  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
ordinary  produce. 

The  importation  of  manufactured  cotton  goods  has  received  a  con- 
siderable impetus  within  the  last  30  years.  This  is  largely  due  to 
social  as  well  as  economic  considerations.  Within  a  less  period  than 
that  mentioned  above  many  changes  have  been  made  in  the  fashions 
and  materials  of  wearing  apparel,  and  that  in  favor  of  simplicity  of 
design  and  the  adoption  of  foreign  goods.  According  to  treaty  stipu- 
lations all  countries  that  come  under  the  denomination  of  "  the  most 
favored  "  nation  have  the  right  to  import  any  kind  of  goods  at  a  5  per 
cent  customs  duty.  This  gives  the  foreigner  an  advantage  over  the 
native  trader,  who  not  unfrequently  has  to  pay  a  higher  duty  at  the 
port  of  debarkation,  and  is  subject  to  octroi  taxes  in  the  inland 
transport,  from  which  the  foreign  merchant  is  free. 

For  a  long  time  most  of  the  imported  cotton  goods  came  from  Man- 
chester, England,  but  within  the  last  few  years  Russia  has  been  a 
serious  and  successful  competitor,  especially  in  the  north,  northeast, 
and  northwest  of  the  country.  Most  of  the  markets  in  those  districts 
are  within  a  month's  journey  of  the  centers  of  Russian  manufactures, 
while  Manchester  goods  could  not  possibly  reach  them  under  five  or 
six  months. 

The  average  yearly  importation  of  piece  goods  is.  as  aearly  as  can 
be  proved,  about  32,01 ;;,:;()()  yards,  of  the  annual  value  of  $5,564,000,  in 
the  proportion  of  two  thirds  from  England  and  one  third  from  Russia. 

There  is  a  peculiar  kind  of  pile  carpet  called  uZaloo,"  made  entirely 
of  cotton,  and  used  largely  in  the  mosques,  though  very  seldom  in  pri- 
vate dwellings.  It  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  durable 
manufactured  in  the  country,  and  is  cheaper  than  the  woolen  carpets. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION   IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  263 

One  other  kind  of  carpet  called  "  Ghilan "  is  indifferently  made  of 

cotton,  a  mixture  of  cotton  and  wool,  and  sometimes  of  pure  wool. 

There  arc  beautiful  specimens  of  silk  embroidery,  both  ancient  and 
modern,  which  have  a  groundwork  of  a  very  common  kind  of  home- 
made cotton  cloth. 

Vegetable  fibers,  besides  cotton,  are  only  used  to  a  very  limited 
extent  in  the  Persian  manufactures,  for  although  these  fibers,  such  as 
hemp  and  llax,  arc  cultivated  in  the  country,  and  the  process  of  clean- 
ing and  separating  the  liber  is  understood,  and  a  few  kinds  of  rather 
coarse  materials  are  made  in  the  provinces  of  Ma/.anderan  and  Ghilan, 
on  the  southern  coast  of  the  Caspian,  yet  the  cost  is  too  great  to  give 
it  a  chance  as  a  rival  against  the  finer,  cheaper,  and  more  showy 
European  goods. 

Asbestos  exists  in  the  southeastern  parts  of  the  country,  but  the 
fiber  is  too  short  to  make  it  of  any  practical  utility. 

At  the  present  time  I  am  not  aware  of  any  published  documents  or 
books  that  would  furnish  statistics  from  which  a  perfectly  trustworthy 
judgment  could  be  formed  of  the  fluctuations  of  the  Persian  cotton 
trade  during  the  last  32  years.  The  production  of  the  raw  material, 
which  depends  principally  upou  the  water  supply,  may  on  a  general 
average  be  considered  to  have  maintained  a  fairly  even  position,  except 
the  abnormal  increase  duringthe  war  of  secession  in  the  United  States, 
and  the  unusual  depression  during  the  famine  years  of  1870  and  1871, 
on  account  of  the  almost  total  failure  of  the  rainfall  during  the  pre- 
vious winter  seasons. 

The  larger  influx  of  European  goods  within  the  last  twenty  years  has 
doubtless  caused  a  proportionate  diminution  in  the  demand  for  home- 
spun materials.  The  impetus,  however,  which  has  been  given  to  the 
carpet  trade  during  the  last  15  years,  from  an  increased  demand  in 
Europe  and  America,  has  to  a  certain  extent  counterbalanced  the  fall- 
ing off  in  the  lighter  stuffs,  and  preserved  in  some  measure  the  equilib- 
rium, which  existed  twenty  or  thirty  years  ago,  between  the  consump- 
tion and  exportation  of  raw  cotton. 

I  have  the  honor  fco  remain,  sir. 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

John  Tyler. 


Report  of  Samuel  Merrill,  U.  8.  consul  general  at  Calcutta,  India. 

DECEMBER  27,  1S02. 
COTTON  INDUSTRY. 

Cotton  has  certainly  been  grown  in  India  for  the  purpose  of  manu- 
facturing the  clothing  of  its  inhabitants  since  the  time  Alexander  the 
Great  entered  its  northwest  province.  The  "trees"  from  which  the 
Indians  made  cloth  at  that  date  are  described  as  plants  resembling  the 
dogrose,  with  a  leaf  like  that  of  a  black  mulberry;  as  planted  in  rows 
in  the  plains,  and  as  looking  like  vines  in  the  distance.  The  natives 
made  garments  from  the  "  tree-wool,"  consisting  of  a  cloth  about  the 
loins,  which  reached  to  the  middle  of  the  leg,  a  sheet  folded  about  the 
shoulders,  and  a  turban  around  the  head,  a  method  of  dress  differing 
but  little  from  the  style  of  the  middle  class  of  inhabitants  of  the  pres- 
ent day.  from  that  period  until  this  generation  much  cotton  has  been 
produced,  but  little  has  been  exported.     The  demand,  however,  caused 


264 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


by  the  shortness  of  the  world's  supply,  due  to  the  war  of  secession, 
stimulated  both  the  production  and  the  exportation. 

The  area  devoted  to  raising  this  plant  has  greatly  fluctuated  in  the 
last  thirty  years,  caused  by  the  variation  in  prices  and  by  meteorolog- 
ical changes,  but  on  the  whole  it  can  be  said  there  has  been  a  steady 
increase  in  acreage.  As  far  more  land  is  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of 
cotton  than  has  ever  been  used  for  that  purpose,  one  can  feel  assured 
that  if  the  price  of  wheat  or  linseed  falls,  and  of  cotton  rises,  the  change 
will  lead  to  the  claiming  of  a  wider  territory  by  the  article  advancing  in 
value  than  it  has  heretofore  occupied. 

There  appears  to  be  a  natural  adaptation  of  the  Indian  cotton  plant 
to  the  dry  climate  of  India,  which  enables  it  by  means  of  its  long  tap- 
root to  draw  sustenance  and  moisture  from  greater  depths  of  the  soil 
than  is  the  case  with  the  American  variety,  with  its  number  of  lateral 
roots  spreading  near  the  surface.  The  Indian  cotton  is  not  only  find- 
ing a  new  and  rapidly  increasing  market  in  India  itself,  but  it  also  has 
taken  a  firm  hold  of  the  European  continental  markets.  The  competi- 
tion of  American  cotton  is  not  the  only  circumstance  which  regulates 
the  cultivation  of  this  article  in  India.  Cotton  has  entered  into  the 
regular  rotation  of  crops  among  a  people  who  dislike  a  change  more 
than  anything  else,  and  being  at  all  times  readily  convertible  into 
money  is  relied  on  by  the  farmer  to  produce  a  large  portion  of  the  cash 
required  to  meet  the  Government  rent  and  other  payments.  It  should 
be  remarked  also  that  a  period  of  low  prices  is  much  more  favorable  for 
the  introduction  of  reluctantly  accepted  reforms  in  the  cultivation  and 
preparation  of  the  cotton  than  a  period  of  high  prices,  in  which  there 
is  good  demand  for  the  most  inferior  descriptions. 

Taking  the  Presidency  of  Bombay  as  an  illustration,  where  the  facili- 
ties of  making  accurate  estimates  are  probably  the  greatest,  it  is  found 
that  during  the  twelve  years  from  1878  to  1889,  while  there  have  been 
variations,  the  cotton  area  has  increased  from  2,863,30G  acres  to 
5,198,400  acres.  The  outturn  has  shown  similar,  though  not  so  marked, 
a  progression.  In  the  year  ended  March  31st,  1885,  it  was  3,432,600  cwt. 
(of  112  lbs.),  and  in  1889,  3,563,700  cwt.  The  return  per  acre  for  this 
last  year,  when  the  crop  was  rather  short,  was  a  little  less  than  77  lbs. 

The  average  outturn  in  several  districts  in  Assam  was  as  follows : 


District  of- 


Sylhet... 

Caehar  ... 
Goalpora 
Kainrup . 
Darning . 


Average 

yield 
per  acre 
(pounds). 


150 
160 
202 
50 
150 


District  of— 


Nowgong 

Sibsagar 

Lakhimpur  - 
Khasia  Hills 
Gars  Hills.. 


Average 

yield 
per  acre 
(pounds). 


50 
150 
150 
104 
180 


Average  outturn  of  several  districts  in  Berars  was  as  follows: 


District. 


Yield  per  acre  of  cleaned 

cotton. 


Unmixed. 


M  ixi  il. 


Amraoti . 

j\kul;i  .  .  . 

Elliehpnr 
Melghai 
Buldma. . 
Wun 

Jia.siin  .  .. 


GO  pounds. 

49 

58       " 

so      " 

32 

00         " 

40 


58  pounds. 

20 
49 
40 
28 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES. 
In  the  Northwest  provinces  and  Oudh : 


265 


Yield  per  acre  of  cleaned 
cotton. 

Alone. 

Mixed. 

i;!0  pounds. 

110 
120 
100 
110 

80  pounds. 

60 

60 

50        " 

Oudh 

55 

Note.— I  suppose  "unmixed  "  means  where  only  cotton  ia  in  the  field,  and  "mixed"  when  some 
other  crop  is  grown  in  the  same  field  with  it.    (A.  B.  S.) 

The  varieties  of  cotton  are  numberless  almost,  but  the  Indian  cotton 
of  commerce  is  divided  into  certain  well-defined  forms,  designated 
according  to  the  localities  in  which  each  is  chiehy  cultivated  and  dis- 
tinguished by  certain  peculiarities  of  staple. 

The  following  are  the  most  prominent: 

The  "Dhollera"  is  a  growth  of  cotton  the  cultivation  of  which  has 
of  recent  years  shown  a  marked  expansion.  In  the  year  endiug  March 
31st,  1889*  the  acreage  was  2,469,000  acres,  of  which  the  outturn  of 
cleaned  cotton  was  1,000,000  cwt.  The  land  is  prepared  in  May,  seed 
sown  in  June,  and  the  picking  takes  place  from  February  to  May. 

The  "Bengal"  is  a  growth  occupying  the  largest  area  returned  for 
any  growth  of  cotton,  the  average  during  the  five  recent  years  being 
3,492,000  acres.  The  land  is  prepared  in  May,  the  seed  sown  in  June, 
picking  takes  place  from  October  to  January,  and  the  average  yield  is 
said  to  be  2,730,000  cwt 

The  "  Oomras  "  have  occupied  during  the  five  recent  years  an  average 
area  of  2,910,000  acres,  and  the  average  crop  was  2,007,000  cwt.,  of 
which  1,836,000  cwt.  was  sent  to  Bombay  for  shipment  and  the  rest 
retained  for  local  consumption.  The  laud  is  prepared  in  May,  the  seed 
sown  in  June,  and  the  gathering  extends  from  November  to  March. 

The  "Westerns"  occupy  an  average  area  of  about  1,660,000  acres, 
from  which  the  average  outturn  is  735,000  cwt.  The  laud  is  prepared 
for  the  crop  in  July  and  August,  the  seed  sown  in  August  and  Septem- 
ber, and  the  harvesting,  begiuning  in  March,  is  completed  early  in 
June. 

The  " Dharwars,"  during  three  recent  years,  occupied  an  area  aver- 
aging 277,300  acres,  and  the  average  yield  for  the  same  period  was 
1  l'2.000  cwt.  Dharwar  cot  ton  is  the  produce  of  the  New  Orleans  variety 
introduced  about  half  a  century  ago.  The  periods  of  sowing  and  pick- 
ing correspond  with  those  of  the  "Westerns." 

The  "Comptahs,"  the  average  area  for  three  recent  years  has  been 
968,300  acres,  and  the  average  outturn  420,000  cwt.  Its  conditions  and 
seasons  of  growth  are  the  same  as  the  Westerns. 

The  "Broach,"  a  growth  which  has  occupied  an  average  area  in  the 
four  years  ending  March  31st,  1889,  of  597,000  acres,  and  the  average 
outturn  has  been  525,000  cwt.  It  is  locally  known  as  the  black  soil 
cotton,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  perennial  cotton  of  the  light  soils.  It 
IS  sown  in  June  and  harvested  between  February  and  April. 

The  "Tiunevellys"  occupy  an  average  area  of  712.000  acres,  and  the 
annual  average  crop  is  450,000  cwt.  It  is  sown  in  October  and  Novem- 
ber and  gathered  from  March  to  April. 

The  "  Sind  "  has  occupied  an  average  area  in  the  past  five  years  of 
53,000  acres,  and  has  yielded  an  average  of  105,000  cwt.  It  is  sown  in 
June  and  July  and  picked  from  November  to  -I  an  nary. 


266     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

The  "  Assam,"  occupying  40,000  acres,  has  yielded  an  av  3rage  of 
53,01)0  cwt. 

The  total  number  of  handlooms  in  the  country  and  the  amount  of 
raw  material  which  they  consume  can  not  be  ascertained.  With  the 
increase  in  number  and  outturn  of  Indian  mills,  and  the  gradual 
growth  of  the  Manchester  trade,  the  production  of  the  finer  textiles  of 
the  handlooms  has  almost  ceased.  The  manufacture  of  the  coarser 
kinds,  however,  for  local  consumption  in  rural  localities,  and  of  certain 
ornamental  goods  is  likely  to  continue. 

It  was  1854  before  the  first  summing  and  weaving  mill  was  put  to 
work  in  India.  By  1861  the  number  had  increased  to  twelve,  contain- 
ing 338,000  spindles,  with  an  estimated  annual  consumption  of  05,000 
bales  of  cotton  of  392  pounds  each. 

Cotton  is  grown  both  in  black  and  light  soils.  The  black  land,  or,  as 
it  is  generally  called,  the  cotton  soil,  of  this  country  is  a  highly  argilla- 
ceous, somewhat  calcareous,  clay,  exceedingly  adhesive  when  wet,  and 
from  its  very  absorbent  nature  expanding  and  contracting  to  a  remark- 
able extent  under  the  successive  influence  of  dampness  and  dryness. 
While  it  becomes  fissured  in  every  direction  by  huge  cracks  in  hot 
weather,  it  yet  retains  much  moisture  as  a  supply  for  the  roots  of  the 
plants.  Cotton  is  seldom  sown  in  the  same  field  oftener  than  once  in 
three  years,  the  intermediate  crops  being  wheat  and  millet;  indeed 
quite  often  linseed  and  a  kind  of  pea  take  their  turns,  and  extend  the 
time  to  five  years.  With  a  moderate  rainfall  the  light  soil  crop  is  the 
best.  Manure  is  seldom  laid  down  immediately  before  sowing,  as  the 
natives  hold  that  it  should  be  in  the  ground  a  year  before  the  seed  is 
planted.  Partly  by  the  hand  and  partly  with  the  hoe  the  field  is 
cleared  of  the  stumps  or  stubble  of  the  previous  crop  prior  to  sowing, 
and  in  some  parts  of  the  country  the  plough  is  run  over  the  land  four 
or  five  times.  About  ten  pounds  of  seed  are  considered  sufficient  for 
an  acre.  The  seeds  are  rubbed  in  fresh  bullock  dung  and  then  dropped 
through  the  hollow  tubes  of  the  seed  drill.  This  is  followed  by  the 
hoe.  In  many  places  the  seed  is  sown  broadcast;  the  land  is  imme- 
diately after  lightly  ploughed,  and  when  the  crop  has  readied  some 
height  the  plough  is  again  drawn  in  parallel  lines.  Land  thus  prepared 
is  said  to  require  little  weeding,  for  the  plough  furrows  deep  and 
removes  roots  of  grass,  etc.  Weeding  which  may  be  required  is  done 
by  hand,  sometimes  with  a  trowel  or  siekle.  When  the  seed  is  planted 
in  the  first-mentioned  manner  the  leaves  show  in  six  or  eight  days,  and 
in  about  a  month  the  plants  are  three  or  four  inches  high.  The  farmer 
then  works  the  grubber  between  the  rows  of  seedlings,  rooting  out 
young  weeds  and  grass,  the  surface  being  turned  and  the  soil  heaped 
at  the  roots  of  the  young  plants.  In  some  districts  the  seed  is  pre- 
pared for  sowing  by  being  steeped  in  a  solution  of  cow  dung,  and,  when 
dried  in  the  sun  to  prevent  sticking,  is  mixed  with  dry  grain  or  pulse 
and  BOWl)  broadcast.  The  practice  of  raisins:  mixed  crops  makes  it 
difficult  to  secure  accurate  statistics  in  regard  to  area,  etc.  When  full- 
grown  the  plants  stand  from  three  to  live  feet  high.  Never  are  they 
found  to  reach  the  great  height  they  attain  in  the  dark,  loamy  soil  of 
Louisiana. 

The  gathering  (or  picking)  is  generally  done  by  the  women,  who  are 
remunerated  by  receiving  one-eighth  or  one-eleventh  of  the  pickings. 
In  southern  India,  however,  the  pods,  as  a  rule,  are  not  collected  as 
they  ripen,  but  are  allowed  to  remain  until  the  whole  crop  of  the  field 
is  ready. 

For  separating  the  cotton  fibers  from  the  seed,  a  simple  machine  is 
used,  consisting  of  two  small  rollers,  about  afoot  long,  one  usually  of 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


2G7 


iron,  the  other  of  wood,  each  with  one  end  turned  into  an  endless 
screw,  and  so  geared  one  into  the  other  that  when  one  is  turned  by  a 
handle  the  other  also  turns  in  the  opposite  direction. 

When  cotton  is  supplied  to  the  rollers,  the  libers  are  drawn  through, 
and  are  in  this  way  parted  from  the  seeds.  With  this  instrument  a 
woman  ran  turn  out  from  four  to  live  pounds  of  clean  cotton  liber  a 
day.  One  can  understand  why  this  kind  of  ginning  is  employed  when 
he  sees  the  indisposition  of  the  people  for  change  and  learns  also  that 
the  woman's  salary  is  live  cents  a  day,  with  which  she  boards,  lodges, 
and  clothes  herself,  her  smaller  children,  and  sometimes  her  lazy  hus- 
band. Of  course,  saw-gins  have  been  widely  introduced  where  the 
people  are  wealthy  and  enterprising  enough  to  make  use  of  these 
machines. 

According  to  the  most  authentic  statements  there  are  two  hundred 
and  forty-nine  (249)  steam  cotton  presses  in  India. 


Import  and  export  of  cotton  manufactures. 
IilPORTS. 


1889-'90. 

1890-'91. 

1891-92. 

Cotton  yarns  and  twist lbs.. 

46,:: 
1, 997, 048,  747 

50,  970,  959 
2,  014,  023,  6C2 

50,  404,  318 
1,882,687,999 

EXPORTS. 

Cotton  yarns  and  twist lbs.. 

141,949,951 
59,495,551 

IfiO.  275,304 
67,  ti(i,'..  939 

161,  2.".::.  206 
73.  383,94 1 

It  cannot  be  said  there  is  an  increasing  tendency  in  this  country  to 
displace  cotton  by  the  use  of  wool,  hemp,  jute,  flax,  ramie,  and  similar 
libers.  These  articles,  where  used  at  all,  have  their  place;  in  the  case 
of  wool  and  jute,  a  very  large  place,  yet  the  inclination  to  mix  them 
with  cotton  is  not  as  pronounced  as  in  some  other  countries. 

Appended  is  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  cotton  cultivation  in  certain 
districts  of  the  Punjab: 

Estimated  coat  of  cotton  cultivation  under  Class  A  (irrigated  and  manured)  of  each  agri- 
cultural process  in  those  districts  of  the  Punjab  from  which  detailed  estimates  hare  been 
furnished. 


a 

c 

*3 

~* 

M 

c: 

R 

u 

a 
<V 

O 

6 

"5 

>> 

t- 

a 
5 

_  | 

| 

a 
■- 
- 

- 
5 

a 

o 

IS 

P 

o 

z* 

i 

- 

1.96 

- 

~ 

<1 

< 

- 

hJ 

a 

8 

p 

1.  Plowing  before  sowing. . 

- 

.84 

1.37 

.88 

1 .  28 

.64 

.64 

.  in 

.48 

2.  Manuring  before  sowing 

.£ 

.so 

.71 

1.66 

1 .  95 

.32 

.32 

.28 

.40 

1.00 

:s.  Watering  before  Bowing. 

1.28 

.64 

.24 

.76 

1.12 

.64 

.32 

.56 

.40 

.21 

4.  Seed  ami  i:  s  preparation 

o  z 

-  '- 

.OS 

.  it; 
.  96 

.  i:: 
.40 
.28 

.2:: 
.20 
1.06 

.17 
.11 
1.65 

.10 
.04 
1.28 

.10 
.32 
1.92 

.10 
.20 
1.28 

.06 

.40 

::.  32 

.31 

6.  Watering  after  sowing. . 

1.06 

7.  1 1 < •« ■  i n _l  after  gleaning.. . 

■r  ~* 

.  56 

- 

1   29 

.65 

.  96 

.  66 

.  32 

.51 

8.  Manuring  after  nowing.. 

._   = 

.  32 

.  16 



.  32 

.64 

.16 

.06 

.96 

9.  Picking 

z. 

.87 

2.  im 

.  32 

.  56 

1.2:: 

1.08 
1.12 

1.68 
1.20 

.64 
.96 

.96 

.  '.Mi 

.91 
1,36 

.96 

in.  i  Heaning 

1  56 

Total  dollars 

9.  99      (!.  liti 

7.64 

5.  ii 

1.54 

9.31 

8.76 

7.88 

0.  52 

5.40 

7.67 

7.27 

Yield  per  aero  (seed-cotton), 

492 

240 

369 

287 

164 

493 

348 

410 

328 

164 

309 

328 

26S 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Annexed  is  a  statement  showing  the  cost  of  cultivation  per  acre  and 
the  value  of  the  average  outturn  of  cleaned  cotton  at  7  cents  per 
pound  in  the  different  districts  of  Madras : 


lfistricts. 


Tricliinopoly 
So.  Arcot  ... 

iNellore 

Aaantapur . 

Bellary 

Kumul 

Kistua 

Madura 

Tanjore 

Ooimbatore. 

i  ranjam 

G-adavari . . . 
Coddapah  . . 

Salem 

'\  lzigipatim 
Tinnevelly  - , 
So.  Canara. . 


Average  cost  per 

acre. 

Excluding 

Including 

Excluding 

assessment 

assr-ss- 

assess- 

nient. 

ment. 

and 
fencing. 

$3.18 

$2.S5 

$1.87 

3.34 

2.77 

2.17 

2.40 

2.  05 

1.15 

.90 

.74 

.74 

1.10 

.78 

.72 

1.30 

.92 

.92 

2.66 

2.02 

1.06 

2.83 

2.35 

1.64 

3.22 

2.83 

2.26 

2.20 

1.76 

1.76 

4.18 

3.51 

2.55 

2.44 

1.83 

1.72 

1.76 

1.  28 

LM 

3.48 

3.04 

1.76 

3.58 

2.67 

1.62 

2.43 

2.18 

1.G4 

4.48 

Value  of 

outturn  per 

acre  at  7 

cents  per 

pound. 


$1.26 
1.54 
1.68 
1.82 
1.93 
2.14 
2.21 
2.87 
3.01 
3.08 
3.08 
3.08 
3.29 
3.29 
3.71 
4.97 
6.16 


Report  of  Samuel  Merrill,  U.  S.  consul-general  at  Calcutta,  India. 

MAY  30,  1893. 

The  cotton,  the  sample  of  which  is  herewith  sent,  is  commonly  called 
Desi  Kapas,  and  is  really  the  only  variety  grown  in  the  district.  The 
soil  is  left  untouched  till  September  and  October,  when  it  is  ploughed 
twice  or  thrice.  It  is  ploughed  in  January  and  February.  Manure, 
which  consists  of  cow  dung  and  ashes,  is  applied  in  April  and  May, 
and  the  land  again  ploughed  twice  at  an  interval  of  10  or  15  days. 
The  seed  is  sown  in  May  and  June,  or  in  the  beginning  of  June  and 
July — at  the  commencement  of  rains.  Weeding  and  hoeing  operations 
are  done  at  an  interval  of  a  month  or  so.  The  soil  is  not  irrigated. 
Flowers  make  their  appearance  in  September  and  October,  and  the 
crop  is  harvested  at  the  end  of  October  and  November,  or  in  the  begin- 
ning of  November  and  December. 

In  hilly  parts  of  the  district  a  different  mode  of  cultivation  is  adopted. 
In  the  months  of  April  and  May  the  bashes  on  the  cultivable  portion 
of  the  hill  are  cut  and  burnt  down,  and  the  ashes  serve  as  manure  for 
the  crop.  When  the  rains  set  in  the  land  is  ploughed  twice  or  thrice, 
and  the  seed  sown.  After  the  sowing  the  land  is  harrowed,  and  weed- 
ing is  resorted  to  at  intervals  of  a  few  days  as  long  as  necessary. 

NOTE  ON  THE  VARIETIES  OF  COTTON  OBTAINED  FROM  MIDNAPORE, 

BENGAL,. 


Kheri  cotton  (also  called  Kheraaby  thenatives). — The  land  is  ploughed 
five  times  before  the  <w<\  is  sown.  The  sowing  operation  is  carried 
out  in  some  parts  of  the  district  during  the  months  of  April  and  May. 
and  in  other  parts  in  dune  and  July.  When  the  land  is  ready  the  seeds 
are  moistened  and  sown  mixed  with  manure.  They  sprout  within  a, 
week  or  ten  days.  When  they  have  sufficiently  developed,  the  land 
around  each  plant  is  dug  out  with  a  spade  to  loosen  the  earth  at  inter- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  269 

vals  of  a  month  or  so.  If  the  plants  be  too  thick  some  of  them  have 
to  be  removed.  Weeds  have  to  be  removed  as  occasion  requires.  In 
about  August  or  September  the  plants  flower.  They  bear  capsules  in 
October  or  November. 

Burl  cotton. — The  land  for  this  kind  of  cotton  is  ploughed  in  the 
months  of  May  and  June,  and  in  some  places  in  October  and  November, 
and  then  manured.  The  seeds  are  mixed  with  cow  dung,  and  kept  a  day 
or  two  to  moisten,  and  tlieu  sown.  After  the  plants  have  attained  a 
sufficient  height,  the  earth  around  each  plant  has  to  be  loosened  in  the 
manner  noted  in  the  case  of  Klieri  cotton.  This  variety  of  cotton  is 
gathered  in  the  month  of  November. 

Buria  cotton. — In  this  case  also  the  same  process  is  followed  as  in 
the  case  of  Bnri  cotton,  the  only  difference  being  that  the  fields  are 
cultivated  in  the  months  of  September  aud  October,  and  the  plants 
have  to  be  watered  during  November  and  December,  the  capsules  mak- 
ing their  appearance  during  February  and  March. 

Mari  cotton. — This  kind  of  cotton  is  sown  and  sometimes  planted 
during  the  months  of  November  and  December  in  sandy  lands,  and  the 
land  is  ploughed  3  or  4  times  before  sowing.  The  seeds  are  moistened 
in  water  nearly  1*4  hours  before  being  sown.  Sometimes  a  few  seeds 
are  sown  in  one  place,  and  at  a  distance  of  a  cubit  or  so  some  more  seeds 
are  sown,  and  so  on.  The  seeds  are  then  covered  with  a  small  quantity 
of  earth  mixed  with  water  and  cow  dung. 

Anna  Ka/pash. — This  kind  of  cotton  grows  chiefly  by  the  side  of  tanks, 
the  seeds  being  sown  broadcast  at  all  times  of  the  year.  This  variety 
of  cotton  does  not  require  much  looking  after. 

NOTE  ON  THE  COTTON  OF  SARNU,  BENGAL. 

Besila  Banga. — The  Desila  variety  of  cotton,  which  is  the  variety 
generally  grown  in  Sarnu,  is  sown  in  June  and  July.  Each  kotha, 
roughly  oV  of  a  bigha  (a  bigha  being  about  one-third  of  an  acre),  is 
reported  to  require  \  seer  (or  about  one-half  pound)  of  seed.  The  seeds 
are  said  to  be  rubbed  with  cow  dung  before  sowing,  in  order  to  quicken 
germination,  and  are  sown  broadcast.  The  cotton  is  gathered  in  April- 
May. 

NOTE     ON     THE     VARIETIES     OF     COTTON    FROM     CHITTAGONG 

HILL   TRACTS. 

Of  the  three  kinds  of  cotton  grown  in  the  Ghittagong  hill  tracts  the 
pods  of  the  Nagulia  variety  get  ripe  for  gathering  about  20  days  later 
than  the  others.  The  lint  of  the  Bini  variety  differs  in  its  peculiar 
color,  and  the  Fulhuta  variety  is  what  is  largely  grown  here.  Cotton 
is  grown  by  Jumeah  hill  men  in  jums  situated  generally  on  lofty  hills 
and  sometimes  on  lowlands.  According  to  the  peculiar  mode  of  culti- 
vation they  follow,  the  seeds  are  sown  mixed  up  with  paddy  and  other 
grains  and  vegetables  in  May.  alter  the  first  heavy  shower,  in  holes  (a 
foot  apart  from  each  other)  made  with  a  single  stroke  of  the  outer  flat 
edge  of  their  daos,  or  sickle,  which  are  especially  made  for  the  purpose. 
The  plant  flowers  in  August  and  pods  form  in  September.  Gathering 
of  cotton  lasts  till  the  middle  of  January.  The  climate  is  damp,  and  the 
soil  varies  with  the  situation  oft  he  jum.  Heavy  rains  immediately  after 
sowing,  and  also  when  the  plants  are  very  tender  or  in  pods,  are  injuri- 
ous. There  is  danger  of  the  seed  rotting  in  the  ground  before  germina- 
tion. Tender  parts  die  out  and  the  pods  fall  oft'  from  excessive 
moisture. 


270     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

NOTE  ON  THE  CULTIVATION  OF  COTTON  AND  THE  PECULIAR ITES  OF 
THE  VARIETIES  GROWN  IN  THE  NORTHWEST  PROVINCES  AND 
OUDH. 

There  are  only  two  varieties  of  cotton  which  are  grown  in  the  north- 
west provinces  for  commercial  purposes — one  called  Tcapas  and  the 
other  called  manna.  Both  are  sown  soon  after  the  commencement  of 
the  rains,  which  in  these  provinces  usually  commence  in  the  middle 
of  June;  but  they  differ  from  each  other  in  the  habit  of  their  growth 
and  in  the  time  of  their  bearing.  In  the  former  variety  the  average 
height  of  the  stems  (plants)  is  4  ft.  6  inches.  It  does  not  throw  out 
many  branches,  and  the  usual  distance  allowed  between  two  of  its  plants 
is  1%  feet.  The  other  variety  does  not  attain  a  height  of  more  than  3£ 
feet;  but  its  plants  are  bushy  and  leaves  much  fleshier  and  more 
shining.  Its  seeds  are  usually  planted  at  2  feet  apart  from  each  other. 
The  former  begins  to  bear  cotton  in  October,  and  the  season  of  its 
bearing  is  over  by  the  end  of  January.  The  other  variety  does  not 
begin  to  bear  till  April  or  May.  The  former  does  not  require  any  artifi- 
eial  watering;  the  latter  is  watered  from  2  to  I  times  iu  hot  weather. 

Cultivation. 

Cotton  in  these  provinces  is  sown  on  all  classes  of  land,  but  it  pre- 
fers a  rich  loam.  Its  land  is  plowed  from  two  to  six  times  on  the  first 
fall  of  rain,  and  the  seed  is  sown  broadcast  at  the  rate  of  I  to  6  seers 
(about  10  pounds)  per  acre,  and  covered  over  with  soil  by  means  of  a 
grubber.  Its  fields  are  very  carefully  weeded  by  hand  at  least  twice  in 
the  season  and  sometimes  as  often  as  four  times.  Stagnant  water, 
especially  at  the  commencement  of  its  growth,  is  most  harmful  to  the 
cotton  plant.  Bain,  after  the  pods  have  opened,  proves  injurious,  as 
the  fiber  becomes  discolored  and  rotten,  and  frosts  often  terminate  the 
picking  season  a  month  or  six  weeks  before  it  would  have  otherwise 
ended. 


Report  of  A.  G.  Studer,  IT.  8.  Consul  at  Singapore,  India. 

AUGUST  1,1893. 

In  the  entire  vast  consular  district,  nowhere,  be  it  on  the  peninsula 
of  Malacca  and  the  islands  belonging  thereto,  or  that  part  of  Borneo 
which  does  not  belong  to  the  Dutch,  is  there  any  cotton  being  cultivated. 
Cotton  will  grow,  and  were  it  not  for  the  uncertainty  of  the  weather 
here,  violent  rain  squalls  which  beat  and  drench  everything,  at  times 
not  looked  for,  (in  parts  of  Borneo  almost  daily),  this  district  would 
have  been,  years  ago.  a  formidable  competitor  with  the  United  States 
for  the  export  more  than  the  manufacture  of  cotton. 

rears  ago  it  was  thoroughly  tried  on  the  peninsula  of  Malacca;  it 
was  believed  that,  with  an  atmosphere  charged  with  sc  much  humidity, 
on  good  soil  and  with  proper  care,  a  cotton  equal  to  our  best  "Sea 
Island"*  could  be  produced.  And  I  heard  it  from  old  residents  that 
there  were  1  wo  Americans  that  tried  it  near  Malacca;  hut  it  proved 
an  utter  failure,  owing  to  rain  squalls  saturating  the  cotton  after  the 
bolls  were  opened.  The  plant  grows  very  vigorously,  and  is  here  and 
there  planted  as  a  curiosity  in  gardens. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  271 

The  humidity  of  atmosphere  is  general  in  the  entire  Malayan  Archi- 
pelago. 

As  to  the  quantity  consumed  in  the  country,  that  question  no  man 
living  in  the  district  can  answer  -a  district  of  which,  I  may  say,  fully 
three-fourths  are  covered  with  forest  and  jungle  or  swamps. 

No  statistics  are  collected  an\  where  on  this  question. 

As  to  the  quantity  consumed  and  quality  thereof,  it  is  on  the  whole 
of  the  cheap  kind,  light,  unbleached  and  bleached  (of  the  latter  very 
little),  and  printed  or  dyed.  Strong  unbleached  heavy  drills  are  also 
largely  imported,  and  some  years  ago,  when  I  was  consul  here,  heavy 
American  drills  were  imported  and  much  liked.  These  imports  since 
L889,  while  I  was  consul  at  Barmen,  ceased  entirely,  both  at  Singapore 
and  Penang. 

As  to  the  prospective  cultivation  of  cotton  in  this  district,  alter  show- 
ing the  past  and  present,  it  must  be  patent  to  any  one  it  will  be  the 
same  as  above  reported. 

There  is  a  cotton  grown  in  this  consular  district,  and  in  fact  in  other 
parts  of  the  Malayan  Archipelago — it  is  a  so-called  "tree  cotton;"  it  is 
in  reality  a  forest  tree,  but  has  been  planted  largely.  It  seems  to  thrive 
best  and  yield  most  on  the  peninsula  of  Malacca  and  in  Sumatra.  The 
staple  is  too  short  for  spinning,  and  it  is  used  exclusively  for  stuffing 
mattresses,  cushions, and  sundry  kinds  of  upholstery  ware;  and  some 
of  it,  years  ago,  found  its  way  to  San  Francisco  for  that  purpose.  It 
grows  in  a  pod,  resembling  very  much,  before  it  bursts,  our  American 
pawpaw  or  Idlest  banana.  This  cotton,  insignificant  as  it  may  seem, 
is  in  this  colony  quite  an  important  factor  to  commerce,  as  it  is  required 
pretty  much  in  every  household.  The  statistics  I  send  will  explain  this, 
as  the  cotton  mentioned  therein  is  exclusively  the  tree  cotton,  and  per- 
haps a  little  cotton  from  China,  where  the  real  cotton  is  grown  in  some 
parts;  but  it  is  imported  here  to  be  used  only  for  that  purpose — uphol- 
stery. 

Cotton  consumption. — The  importation  and  exportation  of  raw  cotton, 
cotton  thread,  and  cotton  cloth  (pure  and  mixed)  into  and  from  each 
country,  together  with  the  prices  of  the  same  in  each  year. 

This  information  1  could  not  get.  I  could  only  get  it  for  the  year 
L892.  The  quantity  and  value  of  cotton  goods,  imported  and  exported 
at  the  ports  of  Singapore  and  Penang.  (Malacca  is  really  not  a  port  of 
imports  and  exports  from  ami  to  transoceanic  countries,  and  is  only  an 
agency  tor  the  sale  or  purchase  of  goods  of  Singapore  and  Penang.) 

A  good  deal  of  cotton  is  mixed,  more  or  less,  in  the  silk  goods  imported 
into  this  colony;  also  in  light  tlannels  and  other  woolen  goods;  but  to 
what  extent  no  man  in  this  colony  could  answer.  Many  of  the  textile 
fabrics  worn  by  natives  of  Asia  come  from  Persia,  Afghanistan,  the 
valleys  of  the  Himalayan  Mountains,  and  from  many  parts  of  upper 
India  noted  for  embroideries. 

With  regard  to  the  statistics  I  send  for  1892,  it  maybe  assumed  with 
certainty,  firstly,  that  the  statistics  for  preceding  years,  as  far  back  as 
1860, would  be  about  the  same,  only  that  from  year  to  year,  with  the 
gradual  increase  of  population,  more  was  required.  The  articles  were 
pretty  much  the  same.  A  great  difference,  however,  existed  in  the 
values  of  the  same  kinds  of  goods  from  year  to  year.  The  statistics  of 
the  colony  are  calculated  in  the  legal  tender  dollars  of  the  colony. 

From  I860  to  1S74  the  value  of  the  local  legal  tender  dollar  (being  the 
Mexican,  Eongkong,  Japanese,  and  for  a  time  after  1874,  alsoour  Ameri- 
can trade  dollar)  was  alway  worth  -Is.  2d.  Sterling,  at  least,  and  at  times 
(when  dollars  were  scarce) 4s.  ±d,  in  sterling  exchange,  demand  onLon- 


272     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

don.  From  1874  the  silver  dollar  depreciated  gradually  (as  there 
was  nothing  to  give  it  a  firm  value ;  no  gold,  and  no  bimetallic  support), 
until  at  the  end  of  1892  it  was  worth  only  2s.  8£gL,  and  at  the  present 
time  it  is  worth  only  2s.  6d.,  with  a  sad  prospect  in  the  future  if  the 
Government  repeals  the  Sherman  silver  act. 

It  is  indeed  a  desperate  time  here.  Persons  who  have  their  salaries 
paid  in  the  local  silver  dollar — a  salary  of  a  fixed  permanent  character — 
and  all  classes  who  labor  and  are  paid  by  that  dollar,  grow  steadily 
poorer  as  the  purchasing  power  of  the  dollar  shrinks.  The  importers 
who  must  pay  for  their  purchases  in  gold  can  not,  to  be  safe,  charge  a 
reasonable  profit  on  the  goods  they  offer  for  sale,  but  must  charge  a 
fictitious  value  with  a  bad  prospect  before  them. 

Under  the  circumstances  it  must  happen  that  commerce  is  much 
depressed. 

During  the  last  4  years  quite  a  number  of  heavy  failures  have  taken 
place,  and  if  the  colony,  with  the  assistance  of  the  British  Government, 
can  not  adopt  a  better  and  safer  financial  system,  its  commerce  and 
the  value  of  real  estate  must  become  ruined. 

Knowing  what  I  do,  if  I  were  an  American  manufacturer,  or  pro- 
ducer, or  merchant,  I  would  much  prefer  to  keep  the  goods  at  home 
instead  of  sending  them  out  here  for  consignment  (much  less  would  I 
encourage  any  one,  under  existing  circumstances,  to  set  up  an  Ameri- 
can firm  here).  My  predecessor,  in  one  of  his  dispatches  to  the 
Department,  encouraged  this,  that  there  was  room,  a  splendid  chance, 
for  an  American  firm  here.  With  the  facts  before  them,  as  I  report 
them  here,  only  an  American  business  man  of  unsound  mind  would 
think  of  establishing  a  firm  here. 

I  know  of  no  better  way  to  answer  the  question  of  prospects,  with 
special  regard  to  our  own  commerce. 

All  the  firms  exporting  Straits  produce  to  the  United  States  or  to 
Europe  are,  of  course,  paid  in  gold  therefor.  Among  them  are  a 
precious  few,  who  (as  I  believe),  having  abstained  from  wild,  reckless 
speculations  in  textile  fabrics,  etc.,  and  giving  too  much  credit  to  middle 
traders  purchasing  produce  for  them,  accumulated  much  wealth.  With 
regard  to  the  United  States,  such  firms  either  acted  strictly  as  pur- 
chasing agents  or  sold  outright  for  a  fixed  price.  All  the  firms  are 
engaged  in  imports  and  exchange  the  latter  more  or  less  for  produce 
in  account  with  middle  traders  (Chinese  and  Arabs  chiefly),  and  I  can 
not  remember  a  single  firm  among  European  exporters  which  did  not 
at  one  time  or  another  sustain  very  heavy  losses  through  the  failures 
of  middle  traders  (some  firms  several  times).  And  for  all  that  they 
say  they  must  extend  credits,  else  they  can  not  do  business.  Now,  if 
they  all  firmly  resolved  and  pledged  to  each  other  to  buy  all  the  prod- 
uce for  cash,  and  let  the  middle  trader  buy  his  goods  wherever  he 
likes,  also  for  cash,  wouldn't  they  escape  those  losses'?  But  some- 
how they  never  became  united,  or  when  they  did  come  very  near  being 
so  and  resolved  to  sell  on  credit  only  when  well  secured,  somehow  or 
other  in  a  short  time  (a  few  months)  one  of  the  firms  was  bit  again. 
Plenty  of  wealthy  Americans,  millionaires  among  them,  were  here  dur- 
ing my  long  tenure  of  the  consulate  (from  1871  till  1889)  and  many  of 
them  made  (dose  inquiries  about  commerce,  not  only  of  me  but  also  of 
merchants  or  bankers  to  whom  they  had  letters,  ami  many  of  them 
made  the  remark  "that  our  own  country  was  good  enough  for  them, 
and  they  thought  they  could  invest  capital  there  tomuch  better  advan- 
tage and  greater  safety,"  besides  having  a  much  pleasanter  and  nicer 
way  of  living.     They  were  right. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  273 

I  came  here  first  in  1871,  and  at  that  time  two  young-  gentlemen  from 
Boston  were  the  agents  of  two  large  Boston  firms,  respectively,  for  the 
purchase  of  Straits  produce.  They  made  every  effort  to  introduce 
American  goods  that  were  sent  to  them,  but  met  with  no  success;  they 
were  obliged  to  sell  most  of  them  at  a  heavy  loss;  and  after  a  while 
theybotli  went  home,  and  an  English  firm  here  became  the  purchasing 
agent  of  said  linns.  Before  1870,  at  different  times,  some  good  Ameri- 
can firms  established  themselves  here;  but  allot  them  wound  up  their 
business  (none  of  them  failed)  and  left  the  colony. 

American  navigation,  too.  is  retrograding,  as  our  vessels,  it  seems,  find 
no  freight  to  bring  here,  except  now  and  then  a  cargo  of  petroleum  from 
the  United  States,  and  even  that  it  is  feared  will  be  gradually  reduced, 
through  the  oil  wells  in  various  parts  of  Sumatra.  Foreign  vessels, 
chiefly  British  merchant  steamers,  carry  the  largest  portion  of  the  prod- 
uce exported  to  the  United  States. 

After  these  remarks,  I  beg  to  inclose  a  summary  of  the  imports  and 
exports  of  cotton  goods  at  the  ports  of  Singapore  and  Penang,  in  the 
year  1892,  as  taken  from  the  colonial  statistics.  The  printed  statistics, 
which  I  send  under  separate  covers,  will  give  the  particulars  of  k>  where 
from"  imported  and  '-where  to"  exported. 

The  best  explanation  I  can  give,  under  existing  circumstances,  of  the 
cotton  fabrics  imported  into  this  colony,  the.  Department  will  find 
(being  too  much  pressed  by  current  business  and  not  as  yet  in  a  prime 
state  of  health)  among  my  old  former  tenure  dispatches,  viz,  Ko.  170, 
dated  September  27,  1882,  in  which  I  iuclose  a  most  interesting  and 
valuable  report  from  L.  Hottenbach.  at  that  time  my  consular  agent'at 
Penang  and  the  manager  of  a  large  firm.  What  he  at  that  time 
reported  holds  in  the  main  still  good,  except  that  since  1889  no  more  or 
very  few  American  drills  were  imported.  Certain  fabrics  noted  in  the 
inclosed  statistical  summary,  being  mentioned  iu  their  Malayan  names, 
may  not  be  known  to  home  readers.  I  allude  to  "sarongs,"  "slen- 
dangs,"  and  "  kains."  The  sarong  is  a  piece  of  cotton  cloth  (made  in 
different  sizes  to  suit  the  wearer,  say  in  breadth  fully  two-thirds  and 
over  of  its  length,  the  largest  being  0  feet  in  length)  woven  with  yarns 
of  different  colors,  or  printed,  which  are  worn  by  natives  of  both  sexes 
throughout  the  whole  Indo-Malayan  Archipelago,  like  a  skirt.  They 
are  chiefly  manufactured,  woven  and  printed  ones,  in  Switzerland,  as 
well  as  slendangs.  kains,  and  handkerchiefs.  One  species  of  sarong,  an 
imitation  in  print  of  the  Java  sarong,  called  "battick,"  is  largely  man- 
ufactured in  Holland  (increasingly).  Sarongs,  also  slendangs  and 
kains,  are  manufactured  in  half  silk,  or  part  silk,  and  cotton;  some  of 
them  are  very  fancy,  being  interwoven  with  gold  thread,  etc. 

The  "slendang"  is  a  piece  of  cloth  about  15  inches  wide  and  G  feet 
long,  which  is  worn  by  the  Malay  woman:  it  is,  about  the  middle  of  its 
length,  thrown  over  the  head  and  shoulders,  shawl  like,  and  to  be  tied 
iu  any  way  they  like. 

The"kain"isa  large  handkerchief,  also  either  woven  in  different 
colored  yarns  and  threads  or  printed,  which  is  longer  than  it  is  wide, 
and  is  used  as  a  turban  cloth,  and  also,  in  instances,  to  be  tied  around 
the  body. 

COT — VOL  2 18 


274 


COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 


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COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IS    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  275 

Report  of  H.  Ballantine.  jr.,  U.  8.  consul  at  Bombay,  India. 

SEPTEMBER  30,  189«. 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  two  copies  of  letters  with  reference  to 
your  circular  letter  dated  1th  April. 

[Enclosure.] 

Revenue  Department, 
Bombay  Castle,  11th  September,  1893. 

[From  W.  L.  Harvey,  esq.,  I.  C.  S.,  Under  Secretary  to  the  Government  of  Bombay.] 

To  the  Vice-Consul, 

United  States  of  America,  Bombay: 
Sir: 

With  reference  to  your  letter,  No.  960,  dated  13th  June,  1893,  and 
subsequent  reminders,  requesting  to  be  furnished  with  certain  statis- 
tics regarding  cotton,  I  am  directed  to  forward  for  your  information 
copy  of  a  letter  dated  31st  August,  1893,  from  the  Survey  Commissioner 
and  Director  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture  at  this  Presidency. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

W.  L.  Harvey, 
Under  Secretary  to  Government. 

[Enclosure.] 
[From  the  Survey  Commissioner  and  Director  of  Land  Eecords  and  Agriculture.] 

Bombay,  Aug.  31, 1893. 
To  the  Chief  Secretary  to  Government, 

Revenue  Department,  Bombay : 
Sir: 

With  reference  to  Government  memorandum  No.  4592,  dated  20th 
June  last,  1  have  the  honor  to  report  that  all  the  available  information 
regarding  cotton,  its  culture,  trade,  and  manufacture,  is  compiled  in 
Dr.  Watt's  "Dictionary  of  the  Economic  Products  of  India,"  pp.  1  to 
174,  Vol.  IV,  to  which  the  attention  of  the  vice-consul  of  the  United 
States  of  America  may  be  invited.  Mr.  A.  F.  Beaufort's  book  on 
"Indian  Cotton  Statistics"  also  gives  much  valuable  statistical  informa- 
tion. The  annual  reports  of  the  Bombay  Mill  Owners'  Association  and 
the  periodical  memoranda  on  the  cotton  crop,  issued  by  the  Provincial 
Agricultural  Departments  and  the  Government  of  India,  may  be  sug- 
gested as  supplementing  the  information  contained  in  Watt's  Diction- 
ary and  Beaufort's  Indian  Cotton  Statistics. 

(2)  The  information  contained  ki  the  publications  mentioned  above 
covers  nearly  all  the  points  referred  to,  and  I  have  only  to  add  a  few 
remarks  on — 

(1)  The  probability  of  an  increase  in  cotton  area, 

(2)  The  quality  of  cotton  locally  consumed  and  exported,  and 

(3)  The  admixture  of  flax,  &c,  in  cotton  cloth. 

(3)  Cotton  is  grown  in  rotation  with  wheat  or  millets  and  pulses. 
Occasionally,  when  the  prospects  are  temptiug,  rotation  is  neglected  in 
favor  of  a  larger  area  of  cotton  to  some  extent,  but  there  is  not  much 
permanent  extension  of  the  cotton  area  likely  in  this  Presidency 


276     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

(except  perhaps  in  Sinde).  Nor  does  there  seem  much  likelihood  of 
any  considerable  growth  of  cotton  in  districts  where  it  is  not  now 
largely  cultivated. 

(4)  It  can  not  be  stated  that  the  better  staples  are  selected  for  export 
in  preference  to  short  staples,  all  grades  of  cotton  from  woolly  short 
stapled  to  silky  long  stapled  being  used  both  for  local  manufacture  and 
foreign  export.  All  that  can  be  said  is  that  the  local  mills  absorb  a 
larger  proportion  of  good  stapled  cotton  than  formerly. 

(5)  There  is  all  over  the  Presidency  a  considerable  hand-manufacture 
of  coarse  woolen  blankets,  but  this  manufacture  has  not  in  any  way 
come  into  competition  with  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods.  There  is 
no  manufacture  of  hemp,  jute,  flax,  or  ramie  in  the  Bombay  Presidency, 
and  I  have  no  information  as  to  any  practice  of  the  admixture  with 
cotton  of  any  of  the  fibers  mentioned  in  any  manufacture  except  that 
of  carpets. 

(6)  In  clothing  there  is  some  substitution  of  imported  woolen  cloths 
(blankets)  for  the  cotton  cloths  worn  as  an  outer  covering  in  cold 
weather.  But  though  this  substitution  undoubtedly  is  showing  a 
tendency  to  increase,  the  exact  extent  can  not  be  stated. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

E.  C.  Ozamie, 
Sur.  Com.  &  Dire.  L.  R.  &  Agriculture. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


277 


STATEMENT  SHOWING  THE  ANNUAL  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  FROM 
INDIA  SINCE  1863;  THE  QUANTITY  OF  COTTON  CONSUMED  IN 
INDIA,  AND  THE  TOTAL  CROPS  OF  EACH  SEASON  DURING  THE 
SAME  PERIOD. 

[Compiled  by  A.  F.  Beaufort,  esq.  (author  of  "Indian  Cotton  Statistics"),  of  Messrs.  Lyon  &  Co., 

Bombay,  India.] 
(Expressed  in  thousand!  of  bales,  of  400  lbs.  each.) 


Tears. 


1863-'64  . . 
1864-65 . . 
1865-'66 . . 
1866-67  . . 
1867-68.. 
1868-'69.. 
186!)- '70.. 
1870-71 . . 
1871-72 . . 
1872-'73 . . 
1873-74 . . 
1874-75.. 
1875-76 . . 
1876-77 . . 
1877-78.. 


Exports 
to  for- 
eign 

ports. 

Mill 

it'ii- 
suiup- 
tiou. 

Esti- 
mated 
local 
con- 
sump- 
tion. 

1,375 

59 

550 

1,312 

59 

550 

2,008 

65 

550 

1,064 

69 

525 

1,535 

76 

525 

1,744 

76 

500 

1,387 

98 

500 

1,444 

118 

500 

2,023 

132 

500 

1,236 

147 

475 

1,260 

157 

475 

1,568 

176 

475 

1,402 

196 

450 

1,276 

216 

450 

968 

201 

450 

Total 
crop. 


1,984 
1.921 
2,623 
1,658 
2,136 
2,320 
1,985 
2.  0G2 
2,655 
1,858 
1,892 
2,219 
2,  048 
1,942 
1,619 


Years. 


1878-79 
1879-'80 
1880-'81 
1881- '82 
1882-'83 
1883-84 
1884-'85 
1885  '86 
1886-'87 
1887-'88 
1888-'89 
1889-'90 
1890-91 
1891-'92 
1892-'93 


Exports 
to  for- 

Mill 
con- 

Esti- 
mated 

local 

eign 

pints. 

sump- 
tion. 

con- 
sump- 
tion. 

830 

263 

450 

1,105 

302 

450 

1,272 

371 

450 

1,57G 

389 

425 

1,727 

448 

425 

1,671 

503 

425 

1,418 

585 

425 

1,173 

630 

425 

1,  521 

711 

425 

1,505 

771 

425 

1,493 

871 

425 

1,770 

988 

425 

1.657 

1, 155 

413 

1,239 

1,143 

413 

1,341 

1,148 

413 

Total 
crop. 


1,543 
1,857 
2,093 
2,390 
2,600 
2,599 
2,428 
2,228 
2,657 
2,701 
2,789 
3,183 
3,225 
2,795 
2,902 


Exports  to  foreign  ports  for  years  ending  31st  March. 
Mill  consumption  "      "  "       30th  June. 

Local         "  "      "  "         "        " 


I  Reduced  from  Government  returns.] 

"  "      mill  returns.] 

[Official  estimates.] 


Total  crops  for    5  years,  1863-64  to 

"  5  "  1867-'68  " 

"  10  "  1863-'64  " 

"  5  "  187:;-'74  •• 

■i        '>  5  "  1878-79  " 

"        "  10  "  1873-74  " 

"  5  "  1883-'84  " 

"  5  "  1888-'89  '■ 

"  10  "  1883-'84  " 

"  30  "  1863-04  " 

Bombay,  March  6,  1894. 


SUMMARY. 

1867-'68,  10,322,000  bales.    Annual  average,  2,064.000  bales. 

1872-73,  10,880,000  "  "  "  2,176,000  " 

1872-73,  21,202,000  "  "  "  2,120,000  " 

1877-78,  9,720.000  "  "  "  1,944,000  " 

18S2-'83,  10.483,000  "  "  "  2,096,000  " 

1882-83,  20,203.000  "  "  "  2,020.000  " 

issT-'SS,  12,613,000  "  "  "  2,523,000  " 

L892-'93,  14,894,000  "  "  "  2,979,000  " 

1892  '93,  27,507,000  "  "  "  2,751,000  " 

1892-'93,  68,912,000  "  "  "  2,297,000  " 


Note. — The  a,vevngeann  ual  exports  forprevious  years  were  as  follows : 

L834    ::5  to  1838-'39 340,384  bales  of  392  lbs. 

1839-'40  to  1843-'44 440,920      "       "     "     " 

1856-'57  to  1861-62 S16.694      "       "     "     " 

The  percentage  of  the  crop  annually  consumed  in  India  at  different 
periods  was  as  follows: 


Year. 

Percentage. 

Year. 

Percentage. 

Year. 

Percentage. 

1863  '64 

.31 
.23 
.36 
.28 
.24 
.30 

1871  72 

.24 
.33 
.29 
.31 
.34 
.40 

1881  '82 

.34 

1865  '66 

1873-74 

1882  'S3  

.34 

1866  '67  

1874-75 

1886-'87  

.43 

1867-68 

1875  76 

1890  '91 

.49 

1868-'69 

1876  77 

1892  '93  

.54 

1869  70 

1879  '80  

Alf.  B.  Shepperson, 

Secretary. 


278 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


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280     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

A  concise  statement  of  the  salient  features  of  cotton  cultivation  in  India,  prepared  by  the 
secretary  of  the  subcommittee. 

Preparation  of  Land . .  is  before  the  rains,  and  varies  in  different  districts,  from 
May  to  August,  the  break  after  the  first  rainfall  being 
availed  of  to  plant. 

Planting is  generally  completed  by  July  15th,  but  should  heavy 

rains  in  July  -wash  away  the  seed,  replanting  may  be 
done  up  to  August  15th.  In  the  Madras  (western)  dis- 
tricts the  planting  is  later  (Aug. -Sept.),  being  after 
the  setting  in  of  the  northeast  monsoon.  In  the  other 
districts  the  planting  is  upon  the  setting  in  of  the 
southwest  monsoon.  Details  are  given  on  a  preceding 
page. 

Cultivation The  methods  of  cultivation  are  very  primitive  and  rude. 

Everything  is  done  by  hand  and  no  commercial  fertil- 
izers are  used.  The  only  fertilizing  done  is  turning  un- 
der the  soil  the  old  cotton  plants  which  have  remained 
in  the  fields  from  the  previous  season.  This  makes  good 
manure,  and  is  about  the  only  kind  available. 

Ginning. Broach  and  Dharwar  (and  some  Dhollerah  and  Oomra- 

wuttee)  cottons  are  ginned  at  ginning  factories,  but  in 
other  districts  the  great  bulk  of  the  crop  is  ginned  by 
the  cultivators,  "who  avail  of  the  services  of  their  fami- 
lies to  hand-gin  their  crops.  Ginning  factories  are  in- 
creasing,'. 

Planters  Sell as  a  rule,  to  middlemen,  who  resell  the  cotton  at  the 

nearest  market  town.  Here  it  is  purchased  by  shippers 
to  the  large  export  markets  or  by  the  agents  of  export 
houses.  Some  few  cultivators  cart  their  cotton  to  the 
nearest  market  for  sale. 

Compressing Probably  three-fourths  of  the  crop  is  now  compressed 

at  the  interior  towns,  but  cotton  from  the  Broach,  Dhol- 
lerah, and  Dharwar  districts  is  still  sent  to  Bombay, 
loosely  packed,  to  be  compressed  at  that  port.  All  cot- 
ton shipped  to  Europe  and  the  greater  part  of  that  sent 
to  China  is  in  bales, fastened  with  iron  bands  or  ties.  On 
an  average,  4  bales  (say  1,568  lbs  net)  go  to  the  ton  of 
40  cubic  feet,  but  some  presses  make  100  bales  to  equal 
21  tons  measurement. 

Plantations are  generally  small,  ranging  from  5  to  30  acres  in  extent ; 

but  there  are  some  larger  plantations  cultivated  by 
hired  labor. 

Yield The  average  yield  is  thought  to  be  about  75  lbs.  of  lint 

cotton  per  acre. 

Acreage in   all   India  is  estimated  at  about  15,000,000  acres  for 

1893.  Reference  is  made  to  the  detailed  statement  of 
acreage  preceding  ibis  statement. 

Staple The  staple  is  generally  short  and  weak,  its  length  rang- 
ing from  fths  of  an  inch  for  "  Bengals  "  to  |ths  of  an  inch 
for  "  Broach"  cotton.  Sometimes  the  staple  will  reach 
an  inch, but  it  is  generally  less  than  'ft  lis  of  an  inch  and 
very  brittle.  Much  of  it  is  badly  handled,  containing 
leaves,  trash,  etc.,  thus  causing  considerable  waste  in 
spinning. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


281 


ANNUAL  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  FROM  BOMBAY,  INDIA,  TO  ALL  EUROPEAN 

PORTS,  SINCE  1859. 

[Compiled  by  the  Secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  the  reports  of  The  Bombay  Company,    Limited.] 

(In  bales  of  3£  cwt8.—892  lbs.) 


Year  ending  December  31- 


1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


To  Great  Britain. 

596 

176 

478 

820 

930 

039 

932 

617 

926 

513 

871 

923 

1,  084 

578 

912 

432 

1,061 

651 

1,015 

859 

945 

768 

854 

596 

798 

893 

660 

064 

736 

275 

842 

842 

786 

072 

555 

542 

389 

005 

320 

984 

258 

260 

379 

932 

373 

195 

796 

556 

500 

108 

524 

ill  6 

229 

956 

345 

296 

383 

624 

232 

276 

393 

648 

344 

885 

103 

201 

69 

503 

46 

,416 

To  the  Continent. 


26, 143 
17,  773 

26,  986 
23, 453 

48,  604 
57, 073 
35, 570 
35, 945 
73,  362 
169,  539 
175,  269 
164,  530 
334, 570 
247,737 
208, 598 
394, 040 
455, 454 
428,  648 
450,  459 
405,  500 
383, 198 
542, 118 
629,  588 
663, 368 
835,  360 
706, 141 
512, 399 
728, 120 
728, 307 

t;;>i,77i 

929,  848 
1,  095,  026 
925, 216 
884,  740 
811, 355 


Total  shipments. 


622,  319 

496, 593 

957, 025 

956,  070 

975, 117 

928,  996 

1, 120, 148 

948, 377 

1, 135, 013 

1, 185, 398 

1, 121,  037 

1,  019, 126 

1, 133,  463 

907, 801 

944,  873 

1, 236,  882 

1, 241,  526 

984,190 

839,  464 

72Q>  484 

641,  458 

922,  050 

1,  002,  783 

1,  459,  924 

1,  335,  468 

1, 231,  057 

742,  355 

1,  073,  416 

1,  111,  931 

887,  047 

1,  323,  496 

1, 439,  921 

1,  028,  417 

954,243 

357,  771 


282  COTTON    CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 

COTTON  MILLS  OF  INDIA. 

[Compiled  by  the  Secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  tlie  annual  reports  of  the  Bombay  MLS  Ownei ' 

Association.] 


Tear  ending  June  30th. 


1861. 
1874. 
1875 
1876. 
1877. 
1878, 
1879. 
1880, 
1881. 
1882. 
1883, 
1884, 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889, 
J890 
1891 
1892 
1893, 
1894 


Number 

of 

mills. 


12 

27 

40 

47 

51 

53 

56 

56 

57 

65 

67 

79 

87 

95 

103 

114 

124 

137 

134 

139 

141 

143 


Number 

of 
spindles. 


338,  000 
593,  000 
886,  000 
100, 112 
244,  206 
289,  706 
452,  794 
461,  590 
513,  096 
620,  814 
790,  388 
001,  667 
145,  646 
261,  561 
421,  290 
488,  851 
762,  518 
274,  000 
352,  000 
402,  000 
576,  000 
620,  000 


Estimated  an- 
nual consump- 
tion (in  bales 
of  392  lbs.) 


65,  000 
114,  000 
170,  000 
198,  000 
215,  000 
225,  000 
267,  585 
307, 631 
378, 989 
397,  562 
456, 556 
531,  365 
596,  749 
643,  204 
726,  276 
786,  982 
888,  654 
008, 000 
179, 000 
166,  000 
171, 000 
140,  000 


About  125,000  persons  are  now  employed  in  the  mills.  The  first 
regular  cotton  mill  in  India  was  started  in  Bombay  in  1854.  The  prog- 
ress of  the  industry  has  been  remarkably  rapid,  and  the  business  has 
been  remunerative.  The  India  mills  at  present  control  the  Eastern 
markets  for  the  coarser  descriptions  of  cotton  goods  and  yarns. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  283 


JAPAIST. 

Report  of  W.  D.  Tillotson,  consul-general  at  Kanagaica  (Yokohama), 

Japan. 

FEBBUARY   3,   1893. 

Japan  produces  a  certain  amount  of  cotton  of  short,  large  fibres, 
adapted  only  to  tlie  manufacture  of  the  coarsest  kinds  of  cloth,  the 
production  of  which  does  not  appear  to  materially  increase,  while  the 
importations  of  the  finer  Indian  and  the  still  finer  American  cotton  is 
assuming  more  Importance  every  year. 

It  seems  quite  probable  that  the  Japanese  in  the  near  future  may 
become  great  manufacturers  of  cotton  thread  and  cloth.  New  mills  are 
being  established  and  those  already  in  existence  seem  to  be  enjoying 
a  high  state  of  prosperity,  some  of  the  reports  showing  a  profit  to  the 
stockholders  as  high  as  21  per  cent  per  annum. 

It  is  impossible  to  obtain  a  reliable  estimate  of  the  amount  of  land 
in  this  country  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton,  but  on  account  of 
the  quality  raised  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any  probability  of  much 
increase  in  acreage. 

Cotton  is  planted  here  about  May  20th  and  about  100  lbs.  of  seed  is 
used  per  acre.  It  is  usually  planted  between  the  rows  of  wheat  in  fur- 
rows made  for  that  purpose,  the  seed  being  soaked  in  water  a  few  days 
and  then  mixed  with  straw  ashes  before  sowing.  After  planting,  straw 
ashes  and  herring  refuse  are  applied  as  fertilizers.  When  the  wheat  is 
ripe  it  is  cut  7  or  8  inches  above  the  ground,  leaving  the  straw  stand- 
ing to  that  height  for  the  protection  of  the  young  cotton  plants  against 
rain  and  wind.  After  the  germination  of  the  seeds  the  crop  is  fertil- 
ized three  times,  first  by  application  of  night  soil,  thirty  days  there- 
after with  herring  refuse,  and  twenty  days  after  that  the  same  quantity 
of  herring  refuse  again.  When  the  plant  is  a  little  more  than  one  foot 
high  the  top  is  pinched  off  in  order  to  increase  its  bearing  capacity. 

After  the  wheat  is  harvested  water  is  applied  every  day,  except  when 
it  rains,  by  coolies,  who  carry  it  in  buckets,  until  the  pods  burst  open, 
when  the  watering  ceases.  The  weeds  are  pulled  from  among  the 
plants  seven  or  eight  times  during  the  season.  When  ripe  the  pods 
are  picked  and  spread  in  the  sunshine  for  a  day  or  two  and  then  sold  to 
brokers.  The  cost  of  the  production  of  raw  cotton  (unginned)  per 
picul  (133£  lbs.)  is  $1.37,  and  market  price  of  same,  $1.96.  The  cost  of 
ginned  cotton  per  picul  (133£  lbs.)  is  $12.31,  market  price  of  same,  $11.68. 

Japanese  cotton  is  used  imncipally  for  the  manufacture  of  cloth  for 
bedding,  but  there  is  an  increasing  demand  for  cotton  for  other  kinds 
of  cloths  which  require  the  liner  cotton  of  America  and  India. 

There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  tendency  toward  the  displacement  of 
cotton  by  the  use  of  other  fibers.  On  the  contrary,  it  seems  to  be  dis- 
placing other  fibers,  such  as  hemp,  and  there  is  an  increasing  tendency 
to  mix  the  fine  American  and  Indian  cotton  with  silk  fabrics,  but  no 
statistics  are  obtainable  as  to  the  actual  extent  of  the  increase  of  its 
consumption  on  that  account. 


284 


COTTON   CULTURE,  COTTON    MANUFACTURES,  AND 


COTTON   AND   COTTON-GOODS   TRADE. 

While  comparative  prices  of  the  various  cottons  can  not  be  given,  it 
is  known  that  the  American  product  is  higher  than  either  the  Japa- 
nese or  Indian,  and  therefore  the  increased  demand  for  it  can  only  be 
accounted  for  by  the  increased  demand  for  cloths  of  finer  texture  than 
can  be  manufactured  from  the  Japanese  or  Indian  article. 

No  Government  documents  relating  to  the  industry  are  published,  or 
at  least  I  have  been  unable  to  obtain  any. 

Table  showing  the  importation  of  cotton  (raw  and  ginned)  from  China,  India,  and  the 

United  States. 


Tear. 

From  China. 

From  India. 

From  United  States. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

1888 

Pound*. 

27,  378, 121 
80.  784, 413 
50, 161,  277 
61,  328,  021 

Dollars. 

1,  358,  898 
3, 591, 161 
2, 488,  373 

2,  443,  744 

Pounds. 

4,364,112 

739,  897 

10,  008,  428 

35,  418,  758 

Dollars. 

91, 189 

39,  314 

736,  737 

2, 235,  542 

Pounds. 

84, 468 

101,444 

2,  372,  029 

7,  072, 562 

Dollars. 
8  399 

1889 

8  883 

1890 

232  589 

1891 

668  613 

Table  shorting  the  importation  of  cotton  (ginned)  from  the  year  186S  to  1891,  inclusive. 


Tear. 


1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Quantities 
(pounds). 


Value 
(dollars). 


278,  859 
719, 163 
415,312 
136,  694 

56,  650 
174, 788 
721, 446 
245,318 
301,  655 
276, 381 
190, 131 

67, 160 


Tear. 


1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 


Quantities 
(pounds). 


948,  208 
211,308 
413,  061 
808,  348 
056,  699 
865,  985 
191,  774 
427, 486 
857,  689 
890,  792 
779, 126 
838, 333 


Value 
(dollars). 


112, 792 

130,  033 

308,  852 

163,  601 

370, 994 

397,  775 

408, 782 

470,  600 

1,  092, 133 

2, 289, 919 

2, 733,  096 

4,  626, 031 


Table  showing  the  area  under  cultivation  in  cotton,  amount  raised,  etc. 


Tear. 


Acreage  under 
cultiVation. 


Amount  raised 
(unginned  cotton). 


1878 
1879 
1S8U 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1887 
1891 


Not  stated. 


240, 796 
246,  L97 

200, 377 


118,  958,  541  lbs. 

207,888,208  " 

118,685,333  " 

120,678,880  " 

115,162,850  " 

139,510,675  " 

127,493,691  " 

186,571,583  " 

109,839,383  " 


Table  showing  the  quantities  of  raw  cotton  (ginned)  exported  from  Japan  to  various  coun- 
tries during  the  year  1891. 


Countries. 


Hongkong. 

<   hiiia 

'  orea 

India 

Russia  — 

Total 


Pounds. 


4 

9 

280, 556 

82 

13,449 


294, 100 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


285 


Table  showing  the  yearly  exportation  from  Japan  of  cotton  (ginned)  from  187?  to  1S91, 

inclusive. 


Tear. 

Pounds. 

Year. 

Pounds. 

Tear. 

Pounds. 

1877 

1,309 
25 

633 
1,589 

186 

1882 

1887 

637 

1878 

1883 

383,621 

95,  090 

1,120 

249 

1888 

953 

1879 

1XS4 

1889 

1880 

1885 

1890 

409 

1881 . .                

1886 

1891  . . 

294, 100 

Table  showing  the  yearly  importations  of  cotton  yarns,  cotton  threads,  cotton  drills,  and 
T-cloths,  from  1SG8  to  1S91,  inclusive. 


Tear. 


Cotton  yarns 
(pounds). 


Cotton 

thread 

(pounds). 


Cotton  drills 
(yards). 


T-olotha 

(yards). 


1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 


4,878.158 

7,890,720 

11,816,748 

11,624,305 

17, 378,  298 

12,  704,  304 

13,  984,  753 
17,9!U,077 

19,  599,  981 

20,  047,  286 
36,  525,  774 

31,  428,  400 
38, 129, 509 
36,  968,  581 
33,  729, 466 

32,  854,  106 
28,  249,  064 
28,  529, 840 
32,840,514 
44,  395,  353 
63,  252,  852 
57,  081,  216 
42,544,402 
23, 116,  798 


Not  stated. 

9, 954 

13,984 

8.312 

9,724 

5,181 

2,913 

17,  653 

30, 700 

43,  560 

60,617 

28,125 

13,  683 

16,  626 

27.  684 

42.  341) 

20,  881 

15,  302 

13,  041 

42,  977 

57,  553 

90,  533 

90,  958 

132, 482 


Not  stated. 

2,240 

20,  400 

41, 378 

651, 465 

408,  914 

364,  732 

291,  323 

675,  236 
834,  567 
577,  946 
489,  907 

1, 177,  805 
1,878,102 
1,564,082 

676,  799 
1.271,410 
1,  265,  248 

835,491 
1,  654,  792 

868,  421 
1,  329,  090 

483, 816 

462,  228 


2, 925, 725 
1, 422,  949 

Nol  stated. 
55,  750 

Not  stated. 
1,734.945 
2, 137, 750 
1, 679,  665 
1,918,852 
2, 836, 162 
2,  752,  832 
2,531,513 
1, 967,  574 
2,  447,  795 
2, 287, 454 
2,  996,  571 
2, 179, 138 
2.  670,  780 
2,654.472 
3, 838,  288 
4, 419, 885 
5.  592,  968 
2, 587, 485 
2, 526, 842 


Table  showing  the  yearly  importations  of  shirtings  from  1868  to  1891,  inclusive. 


Tear. 


1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
187:; 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1SRS 
1889 
1890 
1891 


Gray 
(yard's). 


"White 
(yards). 


Not  stated. 

7,400 

Not  staled. 

548, 751 

238,  753 

364, 194 

441,  010 

711,  430 

456,  176 

1,  065,  656 

1,235,233 

991, 987 

1,610,177 

1,  549,  442 

1,452,775 

1,798,314 

1,  949,  4X0 

1,717,42:; 

1,974,032 

4,610,957 

2, 1186, 1 12 

2,618,105 

3,  098,  231 

3, 135, 532 


Figured 

(yards). 


Not  stated. 


181,374 

25,  800 

Not  stated. 

137,  541 

217, 802 

327, 587 

456,  397 

346, 646 

184,  093 

152.  1S2 

11,000 

14, 056 

11,536 

5::.  736 

181.809 

140,  613 

52.191 

24,672 


Twilled 
(yards). 


Dyed 

(yards). 


Not  stated . 

30,000 

3G,  000 

88, 082 

1,  026,  922 

806, 461 

365.  842 

905,  831 

813, 005 

2, 768, 130 

3, 649,  082 

1,525,978 

2, 146, 450 

1,917,794 

660,  092 

1,343,751 

433,  279 

701,298 

SI,-,  lis 
1, 088.  067 
1, 078, 758 
1,355,337 
1,404,066 

495,  953 


641.910 
983,  355 
2,  509,  926 
Not  stated. 
2, 962, 890 
1,439,845 
2, 125,  470 
3,140,481 
1,256.721 
2,191,178 
2,85:;,  567 
1. 475.  738 
4, 468,  620 
1,029  521 
95S,  is:i 
2,461,388 

1,  309,  746 
1,036,506 
1,672.  'J IS 
1,917,725 

•J,  2:i2.  51S 

2,  407.  515 
2, 806.  083 

974,  40H 


286      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Tabic  showing  the  yearly  importations  of  chintzes,  etc.,  from  1868  to  .1891,  inclusive. 


Tear. 

Chintzes 
(yards). 

Victoria 

lawns 
(yards). 

Cotton 

satins 

(yards). 

Cotton 
velvets 
(yards). 

18C8     

862,  658 
820, 406 
1, 796,  638 
2,  628,  650 
2,  533, 454 
2,  874, 710 

1,  520,  428 
2,792,473 
2, 805,  916 

2,  637, 737 
3, 847,  092 
2,661,203 
5,  562, 691 
5, 949,  646 
1,635,709 
3,890,257 
4, 066,  035 

3,  4G7,  068 
2, 466,  052 
5, 358,  652 
5, 292,  052 
5, 769, 180 
6,900,018 
1,938,606 

157,058 

48,  832 

523,  387 

804,  946 

1, 105,  100 

1,  690, 500 

564,  898 

1,  998,  403 

1, 827,  288 

1,  234,  563 

1, 927,  259 

3, 245, 597 

5, 657, 456 

3, 172, 485 

1,  639,  465 

2,818,586 

3,  600, 170 

202,  854 

653,  409 

1, 683,  254 

1, 936,  387 

1,  774,  921 
1, 044, 807 

2,  021, 171 

1,425 

5.675 

370 

Not  stated. 

877, 340 

1,  523,  368 
475,  567 

1,484,330 
1,451,064 
2,106,536 
2, 725,  830 
3,  292,  400 
4, 124, 574 
3, 997,  542 

977,  661 
1,780,710 
1, 096,  454 
1, 117,  804 

531,965 

2,  058, 489 
2,  606,  715 
1,753,843 
2, 155,  453 
1, 160,  825 

1,  010,  217 

1869 ...          

1, 206,  066 

1870...     

2, 387,  957 

1871  .                

075,  176 

1872...               

1,  028,  111 

1873 ...         

2, 885, 170 

1874            

1, 793,  382 

1875  .      .  

3, 144,  326 

1876 

2, 833, 278 

1877  . .       

2,  777,  361 

1878 

3, 995, 531 

1879              

2, 643,  389 

1880  ..       

4,  296,  909 

1881...               

3,  b47, 786 

1882...           

1,  973,  628 

1883 ... 

1,  626, 196 

1884 

1, 116, 132 

18S5...         

2,029,014 

1886 

2,  587,  344 

1887... 

2, 281,  714 

1888...        

1,  377,  212 

1889 

2, 331,  326 

1890                  

2,  500,  821 

1891...           

1,  671,  853 

Table  shoiving  the  yearly  importations  of  taffachelass,  Turkey  reds,  etc.,  from  1868  to 

1891,  inclusive. 


Tear. 


1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871 
1872. 
1873 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
(886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 


Taffachelass 
(yards). 


,459 

539 
906. 
,  350, 

,  362, 

,448, 

,732, 

,  9S2, 

400, 

688, 

384, 

328, 

130, 

364. 

248. 

247. 

61, 

67. 

106 

38, 

32 

47 
36 


085 
831 
008 
860 
807 
468 
233 
692 
536 
133 
215 
613 
320 
512 
808 
992 
272 
344 
453 
868 
370 
796 
ui:s 
060 


Turkey  reds 
(yards) . 


Not 

Not 

Not 

1, 

1, 

2 

3', 
3, 
7, 
9, 
5, 
12, 
10, 
3, 


560, 199 
stated. 
28,  800 
stated, 
stated. 
369,  059 
554,  703 
075,  577 
424,  253 
542,  779 
520, 170 
581,  810 
630,  298 
476.  646 
578,  692 
,  274, 243 
,501,251 
, 060, 275 
.  578,  252 

,031,007 
,  169,  288 
,158  073 
,  370,  690 
,010,013 


Ginghams 
(yards). 


73,  294 

2,700 

28,  800 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

16,  275 

4,417 

58, 197 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

48,  975 

77, 125 

48,  736 

24, 972 

1,800 

17, 260 

2,346 

Not  stated. 

1,410 

11,  803 

4,233 

6,961 

3,480 

12, 487 


Other  cotton 

piece  goods 

(yards). 


Not  stated. 

285, 471 

383,513 

266, 480 

187, 573 

979, 359 

1, 277, 538 

2,314,957 

1, 885,  308 

1,715,833 

2, 776, 586 

1,227,419 

029,  425 

245.  843 

231,  862 

388, 180 

363,  267 

585, 229 

522,  707 

1,081,334 

1,181,991 

916,294 

935.  679 

339, 944 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


287 


Table  showing  yearly  exportation*  of  cotton  and  mixed  fabrics  from  1877  to  1891,  inclusive. 


Tear. 

Cotton 
flannels  or 

M on pas 
(pieces). 

Cotton  cloths 
for  floors 
(pieces). 

Cotton  mixed 

fabrics 

(pieces). 

Other  cotton 

piece  goods 

(pieces). 

1877    

Not  stilted. 

1,582 

2G5 

111 

116 

392 

588 

376 

1,505 

1,427 

1,478 

14, 130 

Not  stated. 

1,595 

1,  023 

035 

2,165 

2,715 

1,546 

7,630 

12,445 

25,  874 

26, 077 

27,  593 

60,  811 

Not  stated. 

it         ii 

2,623 
1,934 
3,101 

14,717 
12,  887 
7,352 
3,178 
3,830 
2,785 

Not  stated. 

1878. 

]  879                         

it         it 

1880 

ii         ii 

1881 

it         ii 

1882  ..                      

ii         ii 

1883 

140, 928 

1884  . .                           

249, 207 

1885...                

471,  960 

1880 

060,  252 

1S87. . .                      

448,  430 

1888 

341, 495 

ISS'.I                             

353, 161 

1SU0                                

357, 270 

1891 

494, 227 

Report  of  E.  J.  Smithers,  U.  S.  consul  at  Riogo,  Japan. 

NOVEMBER  9,  1892. 

Varieties  of  cotton. — There  are  a  number  of  varieties  of  cotton  grown 
in  Japan  known  as  Chosen,  Kochosen,  Awoki,  Akaki,  Sokobeni,  and 
Kasheia  Keiazu.  Kochosen  is  regarded  as  the  most  profitable  variety 
in  Hiogo  Ken,  because  the  plant  is  shorter,  and  therefore  not  so  easily 
injured  by  rain  and  storms.  It  is  also  said  to  be  more  prolific  and  pro- 
duces a  stronger  yarn. 

Nature  of  the  soil. — For  the  most  part,  the  soil  which  is  sandy  and 
lies  near  the  sea  produces  better  crops  of  cotton  than  the  gravelly  lands, 
more  distant  from  the  sea. 

Mode  of  cultivation. — The  preparation  of  the  land  for  cotton  takes 
place  about  the  1st  of  June,  after  the  wheat  and  beau  crops  have  been 
1 1 invested.  The  soil  is  thoroughly  pulverized  and  thrown  up  into 
ridges  from  two  to  three  feet  apart.  The  seed  is  carefully  selected, 
and  at  the  time  of  sowing  is  mixed  with  straw-ashes,  and  water,  and 
well  rubbed  with  the  hands.  It  is  then  sown  along  the  center  of  the 
ridges  in  holes  from  six  to  ten  inches  apart.  The  sowing  commences 
about  the  1st  of  June  and  is  finished  by  the  6th  of  June.  The  plants 
are  weeded  so  that  not  more  than  two  or  three  remain  in  each  hole. 
Picking  commences  in  August  and  continues  till  the  end  of  November. 
As  the  crop  is  picked  it  is  spread  out  to  dry  for  three  or  four  days. 
The  seed  is  separated  from  the  lint  by  a  small  hand  machine  composed 
of  two  small  rollers  which  revolve  in  opposite  directions. 

MANURE. 


Herrings  and  sardines,  after  being  boiled  to  extract  the  oil,  the  resid- 
uum is  extensively  used  as  a  manure.  Human  excrement  and  ashes 
from  burned  grass  and  roots  are  also  much  used. 

Yield  per  acre. — The  yield  in  this  Ken  is  stated  to  be  from  500  to 
2,000  pounds  per  acre,  ungiuned  cotton,  the  average  being  about  873 
pounds. 

The  following  statement  was  obtained  from  the  agricultural  bureau 
of  this  Ken,  showing  the  cost  and  expenses  per  acre  to  be  $27.59,  with- 
out including  interest  on  land.  In  a  recent  report  of  the  Government 
of  Japan,  the  average  cost  and  expenses  are  stated  to  be  $31.85  per  acre. 


288     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Statement  showing  the  cost  and  expenses  per  acre  of  cotton  cultivation  in  Hiogo  Ken  during 

the  year  1887. 

Wages  of  laborers $14. 48 

Seeds 26 

Manures 7.  74 

Damages  to  materials  (implements)  used  for  cultivation .67 

Taxes 4.  44 

Total $27.59 

Value  of  cotton  produced  per  acre 33.88 

Profit  per  acre 6. 29 

Statement  showing  the  amount  of  land  devoted  to  cotton  cultivation  in  Hiogo  Ken. 


Tear. 


1884 
1885 
3886 
1887 


No.  of 
acres. 


12, 260 
12,  639 
12,  612 
12,  775 


Tear. 


1SSS 

1889 

1S90 


No.  of 
acres. 


13,  G75 
12, 254= 
11,  837 


Statement  showing  the  quantity  of  cotton  raised  in  the  province  of  Hiogo  Ken. 


Tear. 

Quantity. 

Tear. 

Quantity. 

1877 

99,  567  cwt.  97  lbs. 

93, 186  cwt.  26  lbs. 
102,  005  cwt.  93  lbs. 
105, 222  cwt.  98  lbs. 

79,  557  cwt.  106  lbs. 

46,  661  cwt.  50  His. 

59,  717  cwt.  65  lbs. 

1884 

17.513  cwt.  10  lbs. 

1878  . 

18S5 - 

88,  083  cwt.  87  lbs. 

1879 

1886 

84,  899  cwt.  62  lbs. 

1880  . 

1887 

103,  851  cwt.  88  lbs. 

1SS1 

1888 

88, 520  cwt.  26  lbs. 

1882 

!  1889 

48,  988  cwt.  60  lbs. 

1883 

1890 

74,  716  cwt.  82  lbs. 

Average  market  price  of  raiv  cotton  per  pic ul  (188  lbs.)  at  Osaka,  Japan. 


Tear. 


1889. 
1890. 
1891. 


Japanese 
cotton. 


$15.  94 
12.  16 

12.33 


Sbangbai 
(China) 
cotton. 


$11.56 
12.  55 
LI.  25 


Ann  am 

(A  si:.) 
cotton. 


$15.  34 
12.48 
11.  92 


Siam 
cotton. 


$13.  22 
10.59 
10.  59 


Quantity  of  cotton  yam  manufactured  in  cation  mills  at  Osaka,  Japan. 

1889 249,854  cwts. 

IH'K)  .  387, 050  cwts. 

1891       "  539.361  cwts. 


The,  statistics  of  the  cotton  mills  in  Osaka  during  six  months  ending 
June  30th,  1892,  arc  as  follows: 

Average  number  of  spindles  in  operation,  322,X<!f>. 

Quantity  of  cotton  consumed,  431,228  cwt..  105  lbs. 

Quantity  of  cotton  yarn  manufactured,  3(17,303  cwt.,  22  lbs. 

Average  price  of  one  bale  (400  lbs.)  of  yarn,  $51.34. 

Cotton  spinnhuj. — There  are  22  cotton  factories  in  my  district,  mostly 
at  Osaka,  with  ii<;o,r>ijr  t  spindles,  and  owned  by  organized  companies, 
having  in  their  employ  over  5,000  men  and  16,000  women.  The  extent 
of  the  business,  which  is  devoted  almost  entirely  tot  lie  manufacturing 
of  cotton  yarn,  has  greatly  increased  since  the  steady  decline  in  the 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


289 


value  of  silver.  The  great  success  attending  cotton  spinning-  in  Japan 
is  undoubtedly  owing  to  the  low  price  of  labor  and  the  number  of  hours 
in  each  day  given  to  work. 


Report  of  W.  E.  Abercrombie,  JJ.  S.  Consul  at  Nagasaki,  Japan. 

FEBRUARY  28,  1893. 

COTTON  GROWING  IN  KIUSIU,  FUKNOKA  KEN. 

Table  showing  the  cotton  planting  in  the  counties   of  Tali  no  and  Ikuha  in  Fitknoka  Ken. 


A  ores  

Yield pounds.. 

Yield  per  acre pounds.. 

Cost  of  manure dollars.. 

Cost  of  labor dollars . . 


1888. 


30 

33, 472 

1,136 

286.  44 

406.  56 


1887. 


22 

14, 536 

728 

198.00 
267.  96 


1886. 


11 

14, 496 

1.264 

113. 52 

153. 12 


1885. 


10 

12,  096 

1.  128 

106.  26 

137.  28 


1884. 


25 

27,016 

1,064 

25U.  80 

325. 38 


The  yield  given  is  for  uuginned  cotton.    Area  of  ground  suited  for 
cottou  planting,  100  acres. 
There  is  no  future  prospect  for  increase. 

MIYAKO   GUN  AND  NAKATSU  GUN. 


Area  of  land acres.. 

Production  un  ginned  cotton pounds.. 

Production  per  acre " 

Amount  used " 

Average  price  per  pound 


1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

144 

126 

115 

104 

91,  840 

113,  344 

77,  616 

90,  072 

728 

909 

682 

870 

115, 680 

136,  384 

105,  232 

115,112 

.092 

.087 

.097 

.092 

1891. 


94 

60, 640 

728 

9,440 

.097 


Total  area  of  ground  suited  for  planting  038  acres  in  1887. 

Note. — No  future  prospect  for  increase,  and  as  there  is  no  differ- 
ence for  the  total  amount  of  ground  suited  for  plantation  only  that  of 
1887  is  given. 

There  had  been  many  cultivators  of  cotton,  but  since  the  imported 
cotton  has  been  introduced  and  machinery  been  used  for  spinning,  it 
became  convenient  for  spinners  to  get  imported  cottons,  as  they  are 
cheaper  in  price,  and  accordingly  the  cotton  fields  were  changed  to 
those  of  rice,  and  cotton  growing  gradually  disappeared. 

Tahle  showing  the  trade  for  5  gears  at  Miyaho  and  Xakatsu  guns. 


Description. 


1887. 


1888. 


1889. 


1890. 


1891. 


Imported  cotton lbs . . 

Imported  cotton  threau lbs.. 

Exported  cotton  cloth yds.. 


COT— VOL  2- 


-19 


23,  840 
107, 145 


23,  040 
19,200 
113,  020 


27,616 
106,  750 


25.040 

51.44(1 
150,  800 


28,  800 
56.  960 
187,450 


290     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURE*,  AND 

TAGAWA  GUN. 

Latest  account  for  a  year  relative  to  cotton  planting: 
Area  of  land  used  for  planting,  21  acres. 

Amount  of  production,  1,37G  pounds;  average  per  acre,  88  pounds. 
Amount  used  in  the  Gun,  1,370  lbs. 
Usage,  for  thread  and  cloth. 

Whole  area  of  ground  suited  for  planting,  37  acres,  and  no  prospect 
for  increase. 

NAGASAKI  KEN. 

Table  shoiving  cotton  production  per  acre. 


Tear. 


1891 
1890 
L889 

1888 
1887 


Area  of 
ground. 


654  acres. 
623      " 

528  " 
748  " 
679      " 


Amount  pro- 
duced. 


48,  760  pounds. 
134,920 

98, 688  " 
300, 048  " 
193,576 


Table  showing  cotton  production  per  acre  for  5  years. 

1891 

1890 

1889 

1888 

1887 

72 

216 

272 

400 

288 

Average. — An  average  may  be  taken  from  that  of  1888.  Others  are 
decreased,  being  hurt  by  worms  and  weather. 

Amount  of  cotton  consumed  in  the  Ken. — The  cotton  produced  in  the 
Ken  is  only  for  family  use.  For  cotton  thread  and  cloth  the  imported 
cotton  is  mostly  used. 

Export  and  its  place. — No  export  made. 

Expense  for  plantation. — $14.52  per  acre  for  coolie,  manure,  and  tax. 

Quality  of  cotton. — The  quality  of  cotton  cultivated  is  so  hard  that  it 
is  not  suited  even  for  thread. 

Seed'  of  cotton. — The  seed  is  derived  from  Oorea,  and  purely  white. 

Method  of  cultivation.— First,  cultivate  the  ground  well  and  make  fur- 
row. From  the  middle  part  of  April  up  to  the  first  part  of  May,  spread 
the  seed,  and  manure  is  given.  When  the  germ  is  seen,  takeoff  grasses 
that  hurt  and  give  manure,  When  the  plant  grows  to  the  height  of 
about  two  inches,  take  off  again  the  grasses  and  give  manure.  When 
it  comes  to  a  good  height,  grasses  are  taken  off,  soften  the  earth,  and 
third  manure  is  given.  In  the  month  of  October  the  plant  is  cut  down, 
and,  drying  well  in  the  sun,  deposited. 

Whole  area  of  ground  suited  for  plantation,  150  acres,  and  an  increase 
is  expected. 

"Past  and  present  condition  of  cotton  manufacture . — Up  to  the  year 
1880  spinning  was  done  only  in  land  lies,  but  since  then  the  spinning 
jenny  lias  been  Introduced,  and  although  Btopped  for  awhile,  25,000 
per  year  are  manufactured  at  present,  and  there  is  a  prosperous  out- 
look for  the  future. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


291 


Tahlc  shouting  yearly  import  ami  export  of  cotton  and  cotton  manufactures. 

EXPORT. 


Description. 


Cotton  ma nu fact u red pds. . 

Cotton  thread "... 

Cotton  clotb yds.. 

( Sotton  da  mask pieces.. 

Cotton  flannels yds.. 

Cotton  knit pieces.. 

Cotton  gloves doss.. 

Cotton  and  silk  mixtures yds.. 

Cotton  thread  lor  .sewing ]ids.. 

Shirtings,  white, yds.. 

Chinese  cotton  eloth "... 

Shirtings,  gray "... 

T-cloths "... 

Cotton  drills "... 


1891. 


35,840 
6,334 

28,  'J80 


1,442 

100 
98,  865 

i,  7t;o 

1,  100 

1,700 


1890. 


33, 120 
2,414 


788 
120 


1889. 


57,  178 

1,  015 

1, 437 

73 

80 

920 


188S. 


18S7. 


57,  707 

667 

1,  943 

312 


2,  852 


110,768 

20 

2,  656 

311 


6,  555 


IMPORT. 


Description. 


Cotton 

Cotton  thread 

Cotton  cloth 

Cotton  damasks 

Cotton  drills 

Canvas 

Chinese  cotton  cloth  .. 
Corean  cotton  cloth  . . . 

Cotton  satin 

Cotton  velvet 

Shirtings,  gray 

Shirtings,  white 

Shirtings,  figured 

Shirtings,  twilled 

Shirtings,  dyed 

T-cloths 

Turkey  reds 

Cotton  sewing-thread  , 


.pds. 


. .  .yds. 
.pieces. 
—  yds . 


.pds.. 


20,  224,  840 

10,065 

37,511 

20 

71,  426 

4,317 

115 


4,185 

2,727 

121,  310 

35,  033 
2,910 
1,470 
2,  248 

44, 532 
2,550 
3,158 


16,  018, 280 


18, 939 


27,131 

3,716 

46 


14 

589 

12,  611 

43,  261 
3,982 


1,410 

10,  440 

25 

7,783 


1SS9. 


28,  507,  436 
25,518 

1,  859 

1,686 

44,  032 

4,681 

115 


478 

2,  215 

27,  840 

74, 817 

1,500 

2,400 


52,  560 
"5,'i90 


1888. 


19,202,544 


8,677 


60,  093 
15,  054 

3,  300 

1,207 
128 

3,  256 
27,  915 
98, 303 

1,  200 
220 


53, 455 

271 

3,451 


1887. 


,  192, 136 
6,000 
30,  350 


31,230 

4,  205 

115 


6,406 

20,  771 
91,113 

5,455 

3,068 

176 

21,  000 
5.000 
2,063 


Note. — Cotton  different  from  other  crops  maybe  easily  hurt  by  rain, 
worms,  etc.,  so  that  the  product  of  the  year  1888  may  be  taken  as  an 
average.  Comparing  the  amount  of  product  with  that  of  expense  no 
profit  is  seen,  but  the  planters  do  the  work  themselves;  they  have 
nothing  to  pay  for  wages,  and  what  is  produced  from  their  work  may 
be  counted  as  a  profit.     There  is  no  export  of  cotton  from  this  ken. 

OITA  KEN. 
Table  showing  cotton  plan  ting  for  every  5  years. 


Tears. 

Area  of 
ground. 

Amount  produced. 

1891 

422  acres 
939     " 
1, 102    " 

155, 102  pounds 
383  700      " 

1887 

1883 

The  product  per  acre,  41(5  pounds.  The  amount  consumed  iu  the 
ken  is  828,736  pounds,  and  is  mostly  used  for  making  cotton  cloth  and 
for  bedding. 

Export. — No  export  ever  made. 

Expense  for  planting,  $2.58  per  one-quarter  of  an  acre. 


292 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Method  of  planting. — At  first  prepare  the  ground  well  and  in  the 
month  of  April  moisten  the  seed  in  water  for  a  night,  and,  mixing  it 
with  ashes,  spread  in  furrows  about  15  inches  apart  and  cover  with 
manure.  When  three  weeks  pass,  give  manure,  picking  out  those 
plants  which  are  thought  to  be  useless,  and  after  two  weeks  give  manure 
again.  At  the  end  of  October,  take  off  those  branches  that  have  no 
lx»lls.  For  the  collection,  either  every  morning  or  every  other  day,  pick 
oft'  the  bolls  and  dry  them  well  by  the  sun  in  a  basket  or  straw  mat- 
ting. 

Table  showing  export  and  import  for  3  years. 
EXPORT. 


Tears. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

Description. 
Cotton 

Quantity.                 Quantity. 
1,  264  pounds              914  pounds 

Quantity. 
2,  280  pounds 

| 

Total 

1 

IMPORT. 


Tears. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

Description. 
Cotton 

Qxiantitv. 
591,  712  lbs. 
641,856    " 
2,326,714  yds. 
464, 232     " 

Quantity. 
473,44011)8. 

314,568    " 
3,  707,  035  yds. 
1,178,658*" 

Quantity. 
438  0X8  lbs. 

547,  504    " 

2,573,792  yds. 

478, 147    " 

Total 5 

1,233,  568  lbs. 
2,790,946  yds. 

788,  008  lbs. 
4, 885, 693  yds. 

985,  592  lbs. 
3,  051,  939  yds. 

MIYAZAKI  KEN. 

Table  showing  cotton  planting  for  5  years. 


Tear. 

Area  of 
ground. 

Amount  of  product. 

1891 

630  acres 
2.512      " 
763      " 
7l'4      " 
824      " 

96, 128  pounds 
76,568 
92,784       " 

1890 

L889  

1888 

370,704 

1887 

147, 344       " 

Product  per  acre. — Highest,  008  pounds.    Lowest,  320  pounds. 

The  amount  of  cotton  produced  does  not  equal  the  consumption,  and 
agreal  deal  of  cotton  and  cotton  thread  is  imported  from  Osaka. 

Export.  —  As  there  is  always  a  deficiency,  no  export  made. 

Quality  of  cotton  for  exportation. — Nothing  can  be  said,  because  theie 
is  no  export. 

Seed.— That  of  Corea. 

Area  of  land  suited  for  planting,  2,530  acres. 

Future  prospect. — Area  of  1,700  acres  may  be  increased. 

Average  price,  .033  per  pound. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOEEIGN     IOUNTRIES. 


293 


Table  showing  consumption  for  5  years. 
IMrORT. 


Year. 


1891. 


1889. 


isss. 


1887. 


Description. 


Quantity. 


C<  lotton 

i  lottOU  thread 
(Cotton  cloth  . 

(Cotton 

^Cotton  thread 
(Cotton  cloth  . 

(Cotton 

j  iotton  thread 
(Cotton  cloth  . 

(Cotton 

•!Cotton  thread 
'Cotton  cloth  . 

(Cotton 

<C  it  ton  thread 
(Cotton  cloth  . 


592  pounds. 

f>76 

326  yards. 

328  pounds. 

304 

002  yards. 

328  pounds. 

080 

901  yards. 

768  pounds. 

312 

800  yards. 

800  pounds. 

240       " 

855  yards. 


Method  of  planting. — The  land  suited  for  the  planting  is  that  of  earth 
consisting-  of  sand  or  that  of  rice  fields.  Valley  is  not  preferred 
because  it  is  needful  to  have  tlie  sunshine  and  good  air.  Planting  is 
done  about  the  end  of  April.  For  the  manure,  dry  the  mud  or  the 
earth  under  floor  and  mingle  with  oil  cakes  or  excrements  and  keep 
them  heaped  for  about  10  days.  After  the  seed  is  planted  cover  it 
with  these  manures. 

1st  manure:  When  the  germ  is  seen,  mingle  the  excrements  with 
three  quarters  of  water,  and  use  them  evenly.  The  grasses  that  hurt 
the  germ  are  picked  away. 

2nd  manure:  A  small  hole  is  made  about  2  inches  apart  from  the 
plant,  and  put  in  some  oil  cakes  and  excrements,  and  cover  them  with 
earth. 

3rd  manure:  If  the  manure  is  thought  to  be  deficient  for  the  growth, 
a  thin  manure  is  given  by  the  same  method  aforesaid.  At  the  end  of 
June,  the  plants  are  removed,  so  as  to  have  about  15  plants  within  the 
distance  of  6  feet.  When  the  plant  is  grown,  the  top  is  cut  off,  leaving 
about  6  branches. 

And  the  top  parts  of  branches  are  also  picked  off.  This  picking  is 
done  also  at  the  same  time  with  removal.  The  seed  is  taken  about  the 
1st  part  of  autumn  and  it  is  changed  every  3  years  to  have  the  good 
product,  buying  the  new  seed  from  Osaka. 

The  ground  is  also  changed,  being  planted  every  other  year  alter- 
nately with  wheat  or  rice. 

KUMAMOTA  KEN. 

Area  of  land,  1,690  acres. 

Product,  783,704  pounds. 

Average  product  per  acre,  1,480  pounds. 

Consumption  in  the  Ken,  783,704  pounds. 

Expense  per  one-quarter  of  an  acre,  $6.68. 

Seed,  that  of  Corea. 

Method  of  planting. — The  seed  planting  is  from  the  20th  of  April  up 
to  the  15th  of  May.  Manure  consists  of  excrements,  ashes,  and  oil 
cakes.  The  collection  is  done  from  the  1st  October  up  to  the  20th  of 
the  same  month. 

Area  of  ground  suited  for  plantation,  2,070  acres. 


294     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Future  prospects. — 629  acres  are  expected  to  be  added  to  the  planting. 

Price  per  pound,  .VIA. 

By  the  native  seeds  no  good  crops  were  made,  and  accordingly  seeds 
were  brought  down  from  Osaka  and  Horosima,  where  there  is  good 
growth.  By  these  new  seeds  the  product  increased  about  13  per  cent, 
and  the  average  amount  of  product  per  one-quarter  of  an  acre  is  from 
240  to  -100  pounds.  Once  the  foreign  seed  was  tried,  and  although  it 
grew  well,  could  not  have  the  bolls  (or  fruit). 

Table  shoiving  import  for  a  year. 

Cotton 118,  020  pounds. 

Cotton  thread 936,  320  pounds. 

Cotton  cloth 977,500  yxi&a. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


295 


COTTON   SPINNING   MILLS   OF  JAPAN. 

[Compiled  by  the  Secretary  of  the  subcommittee  From  data  furnished  by  Mr.  J.  Miyagawa,  secretary 
of  tin'  Japan  Cotton  Spinners'  Association,  Osaka,  Japan.] 

Cotton  spinning  mills  working  and  in  course  of  erection  in  Japan  on  June  SO,  1S91. 


Where  situated. 


Number  oi      Number  of       Average  number  of  hands 
mills.  spindles.  employed  daily. 


Osaka 

Okayama  .. 

Aichi 

Tokyo  

Fuknoka . . 

Hyoga 

Shizuoka. . 

K\  oto 

Miye 

Hiroshima  . 
Wakayama 
Nagasaki. . 

Yehinie 

Tochigi 

Kagosliima 
Yamanashi 

Miyagi 

Nara 

Kagawa — 

Total 


8,57G 
1,625 
1,104 
2,  209 
In  course  of  erection. 

949 

159 

63 

1,676 


Not  working. 


Not  working. 


164 

107 
160 
85 
68 
38 
37 
168 


17,  248 


Number  of  cotton  spinning  mills  in  actual  operation  in  Japan  and  their  annual  consump- 
tion of  cotton  since  1888. 


Number 
of  mills 
June  30. 


Number  of 

spindles 
Juue  30. 


Cotton  consumed  in  year 
ending  June  30. 


(Pounds.) 


(Bales  of 

400  lbs.) 


1889 
1890 
1891 


23 

24 
30 


146,  390 
210, 144 
300,  500 


22, 108,  000 
44,  237,  000 
55, 930,  000 


55,  270 
110, 592 
139, 825 


On  June  30,  1888,  there  were  only  19  mills,  with  83,360  spindles. 


296 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


Report  of  John   L.    Waller,    U.  8.  consul  at   Tamatave,  Madagascar 

(East),   Africa. 

SEPTEMBER  10,  1892. 

Table  showing  the  direct  imports  of  American  products  into  Madagascar  during  the  year 

'ended  August  12,  1S92. 


Articles. 

Quantity. 

Wholesale 
value. 

Amount  of 
duties. 

32,  000 
7,500 

$3,  520 
581,  250 

$252 

58, 125 

584,  770 

58, 377 

Madagascar  contains  250,000  square  miles  and  a  native  and  foreign 
population  of  about  6,000,000,  two-thirds  of  whom  wear  cotton  clothing; 
besides,  three-fourths  of  the  foreigners  are  consumers  of  coal  oil,  or 
petroleum.  Therefore,  I  can  not  see  why  the  trade  in  these  goods 
should  not  attain  such  a  footing  as  would  warrant  a  steady  increase 
from  year  to  year. 

I  am  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  American  manufacturers  of  cotton 
goods  have  a  very  troublesome  and  unjust  obstacle  to  contend  with  in 
this  market.  Knowing  that  the  natives,  who  are  our  largest  buyers, 
prefer  American  cottons,  imitations  of  American  brands  of  these 
goods  are  imported  into  this  market  from  England  and  other  countries 
and  sold  as  American  cottons  to  the  natives.  One  house,  which  has 
been  recently  started  here,  is  constantly  doing  this  sort  of  business. 
The  manager  disposes  of  his  goods  rapidly  and  to  very  great  advan- 
tage. This  gentleman  says  that  English  manufacturers  allow  him  far 
better  terms  than  he  can  obtain  from  American  manufacturers  and 
merchants.  If  there  is  any  means  by  which  this  ruinous  practice  can 
be  suspended,  it  will  be  greatly  to  the  interest  of  American  commerce 
to  put  such  means  in  force,  and  thus  protect  an  increasing  trade,  fur- 
nishing an  outlet  for  American  products  for  years  yet  to  come,  and 
especially  while  the  people  of  the  two  countries  entertain  such  cordial 
relations  toward  each  other. 

There  seems  to  be  no  reason  why  the  amount  of  imports  in  various 
American  goods  should  not  be  written  in  seven  to  eight  figures,  and 
thus  necessarily  create  a  larger  field  for  American  labor  in  the  produ- 
cing, marketing,  gathering,  and  manufacturing  of  these  goods;  in  short, 
if  the  American  imports  could  be  raised  from  $584,770  to  $1,000,000 
annually  it  would  not  take  a  mathematician  to  demonstrate  the  benefit 
to  American  labor,  by  which  these  goods  must  be  produced  and  placed 
upon  the  market  in  Madagascar. 

Before  dismissing  this  subject,  I  may  remark  that  considerable  quan- 
tities of  American  cottons  are  imported  into  Madagascar  in  French  and 
English  vessels,  and  are  consequently  credited  to  the  country  to  which 
the  ship  belongs;  therefore  no  report  of  the  amount  and  value  of  these 
goods  can  be  made. 

GOLD. 

It  is  generally  conceded  by  competent  persons  that  gold  exists  in 
paying  quantities  in  Madagascar,  and  were  it  not  tor  the  fact  that  the 
Malagassy  Governmenl  persists  in  charging  such  an  unreasonable  per- 
centage, viz,  5G  per  cent,  on  all  gold  or  silver  found,  and  that  the  pros- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  297 

pectors  have  to  furnish  all  the  machinery,  gold  mining,  I  doubt  not, 
would  become  a  profitable  business  in  a  very  short  time. 

A  large  amount  of  alluvial  gold  is  gathered  by  the  natives  and  sold 
in  large  and  small  quantities  to  men  of  means,  who  make  it  a  business 
to  traffic  in  this  precious  metal.  Bankers  and  other  persons  export 
annually  to  England  and  France  thousands  of  pounds  of  gold. 

I  requested  the  customs  officers  at  Tamatave  to  furnish  me  with  a 
statement  showing  the  exportation  of  gold,  but  they  did  not  seem 
inclined  to  do  so.  I  am  sure  that  if  a  true  statement  could  be  obtained 
some  very  interesting,  as  well  as  astonishing,  figures  could  be  shown. 

I  deem  it  highly  important  to  lay  before  the  American  business  men 
the  following  statement  found  in  the  official  report  of  the  British  acting 
consul,  Mr.  Clayton  Pikersgill,  for  1890-'91.    Mr.  Pikersgill  says : 

During  the  past  year  about  18,200  ounces  of  gold  have  passed  through  the  capital 
for  exportation  by  way  of  the  east  coast.  Adding  10,000  ounces  as  a  moderate 
estimate  of  the  quantity  which  has  left  the  island  via  the  west  coast  and  calculating 
that  10,000  ounces  are  hoarded  in  the  city  and  its  vicinity,  we  arrive  at  a  rough  total 
of  £110,000  worth  of  gold  as  a  result  of  twelve  mouths'  scratching  at  the  surface  of 
the  country's  mineral  deposits — a  by  no  means  unpromising  output,  considering 
tbat  ten  years  in  chains  was  named  as  a  punishment  for  persons  found  in  possession 
of  gold  dust  and  that  mining  is  prohibited  under  a  penalty  of  twenty  years  in  chains. 

This  unsatisfactory  state  of  things  is  on  the  eve  of  removal,  and  long  before  the 
close  of  the  year  a  general  mining  development,  by  natives  at  least,  is  expected. 

Commenting  upon  the  above  report  in  its  issue  of  August  13,  1892, 
the  Madagascar  jSTews  says : 

As  it  is,  Mr.  Pikersgill's  estimate  of  the  illicit  gold  output  is  known  to  be  far  within 
the  mark.  Some  authorities  place  the  actual  output  at  a  very  much  higher  figure 
than  38,200  ounces  annually. 

However,  even  the  standard  is  quite  sufficient  to  show  that,  with  gold-mining  per- 
mitted without  restriction,  the  gold  output  will,  apart  from  all  other  produce,  more 
than  establish  a  balance  of  trade. 

The  report  of  Mr.  Pikersgill,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  covers  only  English 
exportations,  and  is,  therefore,  a  very  partial  statement,  since  fully  as 
large  shipments  are  sent  to  France,  Germany,  and  Italy,  of  which  no 
statistics  are  at  hand. 

But,  until  a  more  liberal  fee  for  mining  shall  be  allowed  by  the  native 
government,  and  the  political  status  settled,  I  think  it  would  be  unwise 
for  Americans  to  invest  any  capital  in  mining  enterprises  in  Madagascar. 


Report  of  A.  J.  Daugherty,  TJ.  S.  consul  at  Callao,  Peru. 

SEPTEMBER  1,  1892. 
COTTON  AND  WOOLEN   GOODS. 

The  great  bulk  of  trade  with  Peru  has  been  for  years  in  the  hands  of 
the  English,  Germans,  French,  and  Italians.  Large  mercantile  houses 
established  many  years  ago  in  different  parts  of  this  country — in  fact, 
at  all  the  trade  centers — by  citizens  of  the  countries  named  above  enjoy 
satisfactory  business  relations  with  merchants  and  manufacturers  at. 
home  and  low  rates  of  freight  on  lines  of  subsidized  vessels  established 
to  accommodate  and  foster  trade  with  the  west  coast  of  South  America. 
These  foreign  merchants  make  credits  most  favorable  to  the  trade  of 
the  coast,  and  the  vessels  referred  to  make  rates  to  protect,  support, 
and  extend  the  trade.  It  is  but  natural  under  these  conditions  that 
European  merchants  should  have  the  preference.    Even  where  we  could 


298 


COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 


compete  in  prices  in  the  line  of  goods  mentioned  above  there  are  still 
these  natural  trade  disadvantages  to  surmount  in  the  introduction  of  our 
merchandise.  I  have  made  personal  inquiries  at  the  stores  and  among 
importers,  and  I  put  into  the  hands  of  various  dealers  lists  of  inquir- 
ies, neatly  prepared  on  the  typewriter,  with  a  view  to  securing  prices 
paid  abroad,  with  freights  and  other  information  that  might  aid  in 
arriving  at  the  actual  difference  against  purchases  of  the  same  class  ot 
articles  in  the  United  States.  These  were  returned,  although  in  some 
cases  the  work  was  paid  for,  with  no  figures  whatever  on  most  of  the 
sheets,  but  with  general  observations  by  the  writers  why  preference  is 
given  to  other  countries.  I  am  thus  forced  to  confine  my  report  to  such 
general  information  as  I  could  procure,  to  personal  inquiries  as  to 
prices,  and  to  the  use  of  the  official  reports  of  the  minister  of  the 
hacienda  for  comparison  of  imports  from  the  several  countries  named. 

In  the  comparisons  of  imports  herein  made  it  should  be  remembered 
that  the  values,  where  these  are  used,  are  the  arbitrary  values  placed 
in  the  Peruvian  tariff  for  estimating  duties  only.  These  are  really  no 
guide  for  ascertaining  the  actual  value  of  the  goods  imported,  since  it 
is  not  claimed  that  they  are  the  true  invoice  values.  As  an  illustration : 
.Ready-made  clothing  and  ladies'  dresses  are  classed  in  the  tariff  under 
eleven  heads,  valued  from  4  to  150  sols  *  per  suit.  The  duty  is  45  per  cent 
on  each  class.  The  receiving  house  here  manifests  to  the  custom-house 
for  each  box  of  goods,  stating  the  class  of  goods  in  each.  The  box  is 
opened  at  the  custom-house  and  the  goods  compared  with  the  manifest 
made  by  the  receiving  house.  The  consular  invoice  is  seldom  referred 
to.  A  suit  that  may  have  cost  $200  in  the  country  from  whence 
imported  takes  simply  the  highest  valuation  given  in  the  tariff — 150 
sols.  From  valuations  thus  made  the  records  of  imports  are  made  up, 
and  must  be  more  or  less  inexact.  Where  valuations  are  given  in  this 
report  the  comparisons  are  for  this  reason  only  approximate.  In  the 
main  I  have  used  the  measurements,  which  better  represent  the  extent 
of  importations. 

The  following  are  the  values  of  importations  from  all  countries  dur- 
ing the  years  1890  and  1891 : 


Articles. 


England.  Germany.  Prance.    ^"^ 


"Sols. 

Cotton  goods  of  all  kinds ■190,000 

All  kinds  of  woolen  manufactures 185, 000 

Spool  and  machine  thread  (spools  and  balls)  and  cordage 13,  600 


Sols. 

112,000 

81,  000 

13,  0U0 


Sols. 
49,  700 
65, 000 
3,500 


Sols. 
9, 000 
3,000 
800 


*  The  sol  is  equal  to  96  cents. 

The  following  are  the  principal  articles  comprising  the  imports  from 
the  United  States  under  this  head:  Drillings,  muslins,  yarns,  thread  in 
spools  and  balls,  sailcloth,  lamp  wicks,  handkerchiefs,  shawls,  laces, 
sheetings,  towels,  and  calicoes.  The  shipments  of  the  last  named  were 
very  small.  The  importations  of  sailcloth,  lamp  wicks,  and  sheetings 
were  much  greater  than  in  any  other  article.  I  am  assured  that  the 
importations  of  thread  from  the  United  States  for  the  past  year  will  be 
much  larger;  but  the  reports  are  not  yet  published,  and  I  have  noway 
of  obtaining  the  official  figures.  There  is  practically  t  he  same  diversity 
of  opinion  among  those  friendly  to  trade  with  the  United  States  as  to 
the  best  way  to  increase  it  as  existed  when  the  commission  of  1885  was 
here  making  inquiries  on  that  subject.  The  conditions  are  very  much 
the  same,  with  the  exception  that  credits  in  Europe  are  more  easily 

*  1  boI  =  96  cents. 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


299 


obtained  than  then.  I  should  say,  perhaps,  that  the  credits  were  bet- 
ter until  the  phenomenal  decline  in  silver  came.  Since  then,  I  am  told, 
they  are  not  so  good;  but  they  are  still  far  better  than  can  be  obtained 
in  the  United  States. 

When  making  inquiries  among-  the  merchants  I  have  frequently  been 
asked :  "  Why  don't  your  merchants  have  agents  here,  as  the  merchants 
of  other  countries  have,  with  authority  to  quote  prices  and  with  sam- 
ples, or,  what  would  be  better,  with  the  actual  goods  on  sale  here  in 
Peru?"  I  may  say  that  during  the  two  years  I  have  been  in  Peru, 
while  I  have  met  some  traveling  salesmen  in  other  lines,  I  have  never 
seen  one  offering  dry  goods  or  goods  mentioned  in  the  class  under  con- 
sideration. It  is  in  this  class  of  goods,  too,  in  which  European  credits 
operate  to  our  disadvantage.  I  know  it  was  said  by  parties  interviewed 
by  the  commission  in  1885  that  merchants  could  get  as  good  credits  in 
the  United  States  as  in  Europe,  but  my  inquiries  lead  me  to  believe 
that  just  the  contrary  is  the  truth.  I  have  it  from  reliable  merchants 
that  the  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  the  United  States  give  a  credit 
of  at  most  thirty  days  after  presentation  of  draft.  If  the  goods  come 
by  steamer,  this  means  payment  in  about  ten  days  after  receipt  of  the 
goods;  if  by  sailing  vessel,  it  means  payment  about  seventy  days  pre- 
vious to  receipt  of  the  goods.  Shipments  coming  from  Europe  by 
steamer  either  via  Panama  or  via  the  Straits  of  Magellan  arrive  at 
Callao  in  about  forty-five  days;  if  by  sailing  vessel,  the  time  is  from 
eighty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  days.  But  as  European  merchants 
draw  at  ninety  days  from  arrival  of  goods  as  a  rule,  the  advantage  to 
the  Peruvian  dealer  in  favor  of  purchases  in  Europe  is  apparent. 

The  following  quotation  from  a  letter  I  received  from  a  gentleman 
who  has  been  identified  with  business  interests  on  this  coast  for  many 
years,  who  has  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  trade  matters,  and  who 
is  at  present  doing  business  in  Lima,  expresses  what  I  find  to  be  the 
general  sentiment  of  the  best  informed  people  on  the  subject.    He  says : 

When  American  manufacturers  care  to  reach  for  the  trade  in  Peru,  and,  for  that  mat- 
ter, for  that  of  the  South  American  republics  on  the  west  coast,  they  need  only  grant 
the  same  terms  offered  by  their  European  rivals  and  support  a  line  of  steamers  via 
the  straits  at  reasonable  freights,  and  then  they  will  command  the  trade  in  certain 
articles  and  have  a  fair  share  of  all  the  trade.  I  speak  from  thirty-seven  years' 
experience  in  South  American  countries,  and  point  to  the  trade  between  the  United 
States  and  Brazil  since  the  establishment  of  lines  of  steamers  to  that  country  as 
proof  of  what  I  say.  All  the  rest  is  words,  idle  words,  and  will  never  make  trade 
or  induce  buyers  to  deal  less  with  Europe  or  more  with  the  United  States. 

Table  showing  the  imports  of  cotton  manufactures  into  Peru  in  1890-91. 


Articles. 


Cotton  batting. . . 
Cotton  linings... 

Cotton  ribbons.. 

Bed  ticking 

Linings  (special) 
Damask 


Whence  imported. 


Germany 
England  . 
France  .. 
Germany 
England* . 
Belgium  - 
France  .. 
Germany 
England . 
France  . . 
( rerraany 
England . 
France  - . 
England  - 
France  . . 

I  Irnn.iiH 

England . 
France  . . 


Quantity. 


Kilograms. 

137 

4 

56 

2,172 

10, 399 

730 

525 

410 

72 

33 

391 

4,517 

1,601 

2,461 

80 

585 

50,684 

302 


300     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Table  showing  the  imports  of  cotton  manufactures  into  Peru  in  1890-91 — Continued. 


Articles. 


Whence  imported. 


Quantity. 


Laces. 


Flannel. 


Blankets 


White  cotton  goods 


Other  kinds  of  cotton  goods. 


Shoe  ribbons 


Yarns 

Lawns  

Sailcloth 

Tablecloth  and  napkins 
Socks 

Cotton  sackcloth 

Handkerchiefs 

Trimmings 

Silesian  linen 

Sateen 

Bedquilts 

Sheeting 

Towels 

Chintz  and  prints 


Shawls 


Germany 

England 

France 

Belgium 

Germany  

England 

France 

Italy 

Germany 

England 

France 

Belgium 

Spam 

Italy 

Germany 

England 

France 

Italy  

Belgium 

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

Italy 

Belgium 

Spain 

United  States 

England 

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany  

England 

France 

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany 

England 

France 

Spain 

Germany 

England" 

Germany 

England 

France 

United  States. 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany 

England 

France 

United  States. 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany 

England 

France  

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

United  States 

Germany 

England 

France 

Germany 

England 

United  States 


Kilograms. 

3,213 

1, 204 

695 

244 

1,008 

4,986 

444 

230 

680 

1,033 

1,290 

3,064 

1,009 

117 

9,073 

159, 589 

7,070 

560 

681 

1,632 

10,  693 

74,  449 

5,442 

2,001 

901 

192 

881 

792 

1,368 

412 

2,588 

408 

944 

9,913 

1,183 

2,228 

299 

303 

272 

10, 826 

3,166 

1,776 

37 

1,681 

29, 905 

3,932 

15,  300 

1,490 

108 

1,049 

168 

84 

621 

12,764 

2,444 

407 

2,274 

5,681 

2,530 

3,871 

1,104 

229 

4,810 

168, 703 

9,270 

3,144 

126 

2.625 

860 

185 

9,807 

125,  554 

6,321 

1.895 

Meters. 

15,  020 

47,470 

10,  254 

Dozens. 

820 

94 

18 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  301 

Report  of  Alfred  tiolf   U.  S.  consular  agent  at  Chiclayo,  Peru. 

APRIL  25,  1892. 
COTTON-RAISING  IN   CHICLAYO,   PERU. 

The  value  of  an  acre  of  land  suitable  for  cotton -raising  is  20  sols*  in 
Peruvian  silver. 

Water  is  sometimes  scarce  for  rice  plantations,  but  is  generally 
sufficient  for  cotton. 

Wages  of  farm  laborers  are  60  cents  in  silver  per  day.  The  working- 
hours  number  nine. 

The  average  cost  of  raising  (ungimied)  cotton  is  from  2  to  3  cents 
per  pound. 

The  cotton  raised  is  mostly  "  rough  Peruvian."  It  is  marketed 
generally  at  Liverpool.  It  is  packed  in  bales  with  iron  bands,  the  bales 
weighing  about  200  pounds. 

Cotton  was  raised  to  a  larger  extent  than  now  from  18G0  to  1865,  in 
consequence  of  high  prices  in  Europe  and  the  United  States,  and  may 
be  raised  to  a  larger  extent  in  this  district,  though  rice  and  sugar  are 
the  principal  productions  now. 

The  yield  per  acre  is  from  300  to  400  pounds  of  raw  cotton.t  The 
plant  is  perennial.  It  will  yield  from  ten  to  twenty  years,  and  even 
longer,  according  to  circumstances.  It  flowers  twice  a  year,  in  June 
and  December,  though  the  December  crop  is  by  far  the  larger. 

The  cotton  plant  suffers  from  a  sickness  called  "hielo,"  though  it  is 
neither  frost  nor  rust.  Cotton  does  not  apparently  do  so  well  here  as 
in  the  vicinity  of  Piura,  where  they  have  not  so  much  trouble  with  the 
sickness  referred  to. 


Report  of  Samuel  Merrill,  TJ.  S.  Consul- General  at  Calcutta,  India. 

JANUARY  30,  1893. 
JUTE   AND  JUTE  MANUFACTURE  OF  LNDIA. 

Jute  is  largely  cultivated  in  the  northern  and  eastern  districts  of 
Bengal  and  to  a  smaller  extent  in  the  central  tracts  of  the  province. 
It  is  grown  also,  though  not  extensively,  in  Assam.  The  area  under 
crop  in  these  two  provinces  in  1887  was  estimated  at  1,333,000  acres, 
and  the  outturn  at  1,650,000,000  pounds,  more  than  half  of  which  was 
exported  to  foreign  countries,  mainly  to  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States. 

Jute  seems  to  be  capable  of  cultivation  on  almost  any  kind  of  soil.  It 
is  least  successful,  however,  upon  laterite  and  open,  gravelly  soils,  and 
most  productive  upon  a  loamy  soil  or  rich  clay  and  sand.  The  finest 
qualities  are  grown  upon  the  higher  lands,  that  is,  lands  high  enough 
for  a  man  to  live  without  danger  of  drowning  during  the  wet  season, 
upon  which  rice,  pulse,  and  tobacco  form  the  rotation.  The  coarser 
and  larger  qualities  are  grown  chiefly  upon  mud  banks  and  islands 

#  The  sol  is  equal  to  96  cents. 

t  Unginned  cotton  is  doubtless  meant. 


302     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

formed,  by  tbe  rivers;  indeed,  these  qualities  prefer  submerged  lands, 
aud  luxuriate  in  the  salt-impregnated  soil  near  tbe  moutbsof  tbe  Ganges. 

A  bot,  damp  climate,  in  which  there  is  not  too  much  actual  rain  in 
the  early  part  of  the  season,  is  the  most  advantageous. 

When  the  crop  is  to  be  raised  on  lowlands,  where  there  is  danger  of 
early  flooding,  plowing  begins  earlier  than  upon  the  higher  lauds.  Tbe 
more  clay  in  the  soil  the  more  frequently  is  it  plowed  before  sowing. 
The  preparation  commences  in  November  or  December  in  the  lowlands, 
and  elsewhere  in  February  or  March;  the  soil  is  plowed  from  four  to 
six  times,  the  clods  pulverized,  and  at  the  final  plowing  the  weeds  are 
collected,  dried,  and  burned. 

No  special  attention  is  paid  to  good  seeds,  nor  do  cultivators  buy  or 
sell  their  seeds.  In  the  corner  of  the  field  a  few  plants  are  left  to  ripen 
and  produce  the  seed  that  is  sown  broadcast  tbe  following  year. 
The  sowings,  according  to  the  position  and  nature  of  the  soil,  begin 
about  the  middle  of  March  and  extend  to  the  end  of  June. 

The  time  for  reaping  tbe  crop  depends  entirely  upon  the  date  of 
sowing,  tbe  season  commencing  with  the  earliest  crop  about  the  end  of 
June  and  extending  to  October.  The  crop  is  considered  to  be  in  season 
whenever  the  flowers  bloom  and  past  season  whenever  the  fruits  appear. 
The  fiber  from  plants  that  have  not  flowered  is  weaker  than  from  those 
in  fruit;  the  latter,  though  stronger,  is  coarser  and  wanting  in  gloss. 
Late  reaping  is  accountable  for  tbe  coarse  fiber  found  in  market. 

The  average  crop  of  fiber  per  acre  is  over  1,200  pounds;  but  the  yield 
varies  considerably,  being  as  high  as  4,000  pounds  in  some  districts 
and  as  low  as  250  pounds  in  others. 

At  present,  as  practiced  by  thenatives,  tbe  fiber  is  separated  from 
tbe  stems  by  a  process  of  retting  in  pools  of  stagnant  water.  In  some 
districts  the  crop  is  stacked  in  bundles  for  two  or  three  days  to  give  time 
for  the  decay  of  the  leaves,  which  are  said  to  discolor  the  fiber  in  tbe 
retting  process ;  in  others  the  bundles  are  carried  off  and  at  once  thrown 
into  the  water.  There  is  some  ground  for  thinking  that  if  the  drying 
of  the  leaves  by  stacking  does  not  prevent  tbe  discoloration  of  the 
fiber,  the  fiber  itself  is  likely  to  be  benefited  by  the  process,  since  it  is 
found  to  separate  more  readily  from  the  stems,  and  is  thereby  saved 
from  the  danger  of  rotting  from  overmaceration.  In  some  districts  the 
bundles  of  jute  stems  are  submerged  in  rivers,  but  the  common  practice 
seems  to  be  in  favor  of  tanks  or  roadside  stagnant  pools.  The  period 
of  retting  depends  upon  the  nature  of  the  water,  the  kind  of  fiber,  and 
the  condition  of  the  atmospbere.  It  varies  from  two  to  twenty-five 
days.  The  operator  has  therefore  to  visit  the  tank  daily  to  ascertain  if 
the  fiber  has  begun  to  separate  from  the  stem.  This  period  must  not  be 
exceeded,  otherwise  the  fiber  becomes  rotten  and  almost  useless  for  com- 
mercial purposes. 

The  bundles  are  made  to  sink  in  the  water  by  placing  on  them  sods 
and  mud.  When  the  proper  stage  has  been  reached  the  retting  is 
rapidly  completed.  The  laborer,  standing  up  to  his  waist  in  the  fetid 
water,  proceeds  to  remove  small  portions  of  the  bark  from  the  ends 
next  the  roots,  and.  grasping  them  together,  strips  off  the  whole  from 
end  to  end  without  breaking  either  stem  or  fiber.  Having  brought  a 
certain  quantity  into  this  half-prepared  state,  he  next  proceeds  to  wash 
<»li.  which  is  done  by  taking  a  large  handful, swinging  it  round  his  head, 
dashing  it  repeatedly  against  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  drawing  it 
through  toward  him  so  as  to  wash  off  the  impurities;  then,  with  a  dex- 
terous throw,  he  spreads  it  out  on  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  con- 
cludes by  carefully  picking  off  all  remaining  black  spots.     He  then 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


303 


wrings  it  out,  so  as  to  remove  as  much  water  as  possible,  and  hangs  it 
up  on  lines  prepared  on  the  spot  to  dry  in  the  sun. 

I  am  thoroughly  convinced  that  jute  can  be  raised  on  millions  of  acres 
lying  near  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  that  How  into  the  ocean  and  gulf 
between  the  cities  of  Savannah  and  Brownsville.  This  might  be  done 
at  a  profit — notwithstanding  men  work  here  (lodging,  feeding,  and 
clothing  themselves)  for  from  5  to  10  cents  per  day — could  a  simple 
mechanical  contrivance  be  invented  for  extracting  the  dry  jute  fiber. 
There  is  little  doubt  that  the  retting  to  which  the  jute  is  submitted 
weakens  the  fiber  greatly,  and  that  the  introduction  of  a  machine  that 
would  abolish  this  process  would  result  in  undreamed-of  industries. 

No  trustworthy  figures  are  available  of  the  prime  cost  to  the  culti- 
vators of  raising  and  extracting  the  jute  fiber.  From  what!  can  learn, 
I  would  estimate  that  this  must  be  from  three-fourths  of  a  cent  to  1  cent 
per  pound. 

The  average  prices  in  Calcutta,  from  which  most  of  the  juteis  exported, 
have  been  as  follows :  In  1884,  $1.50  per  100  pounds;  1885,  $1.30;  1880, 
$1.30;  1887,  $1.45.  In  1890  the  lowest  price  paid  in  Calcutta  was  90 
cents  per  100  pounds  and  the  highest  was  $1.06.  In  1891  the  highest 
Mas  $2.34  and  the  lowest  $1.    At  one  time  in  1892  it  ran  up  to  $3.00. 

There  are  three  grades,  the  common,  of  course,  selling  for  much  less 
than  the  medium  and  fine. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  recent  exports  of  jute  and  jute  manu- 
factures : 


Description. 

1889-90. 

1890-'91. 

1891-92. 

10,  255,  904 
97, 415,  895 
37, 144,  0U7 

11,985.967 
98,  749,  416 
29,  854,  029 

8,  532,  430 
106, 250,  612 
37, 289, 300 

There  are  in  India  26  jute  factories,  8,101  looms,  and  161,845  spindles, 
which  give  employment  to  61,915  persons  and  use  up  2,869,08S  cwt. 
(112  pounds)  of  jute.  They  are  almost  exclusively  employed  in  the 
gunny  bag  or  cloth  trade,  a  few  only  doing  business  in  cordage,  floor 
cloth,  or  other  manufactures. 

The  table  given  above  is  made  up  from  returns  furnished  by  the 
Government,  showing  only  the  exports,  properly  so  called,  of  bales  of 
prepared  gunny  bags  and  gunny  cloth,  and  do  not  include  the  millions 
of  gunnies,  etc.,  which  annually  leave  the  ports  of  India  containing 
grain  or  other  produce,  nor  those  used  for  home  purposes;  so  that  it  is 
estimated  that  far  more  jute  is  consumed  in  this  way  than  the  total 
amount  appearing  on  export  schedules. 

THE   SAN  FIBER. 


San,  or  sunn  (pronounced  sawn),  is  grown  by  itself  or  at  times  is  raised 
in  strips  on  the  margins  of  fields.  It  is  never  cultivated  as  a  mixed 
crop.  Usually  it  is  sown  in  June  or  at  the  beginning  of  the  rains,  and 
cut  at  the  close  of  the  rainy  season — about  the  1st  of  October. 

It  requires  a  light,  but  not  necessarily  rich,  soil,  though  it  can  not  be 
grown  on  clay.  It  is  therefore  generally  sown  on  high,  sandy  lands  less 
suited  for  more  important  crops.  It  is  believed  by  cultivators  that  it 
improves  the  soil.  As  it  is  supposed  to  refresh  exhausted  land,  it  is 
considered  a  good  preparatory  crop  and  is  grown  as  such  every  second 


304     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

or  third  year  in  fields  required  for  sugar  cane  and  tobacco.     Sometimes 
it  is  sown  as  a  second  crop  and  plowed  in  wlien  young  as  a  green  manure. 

The  land  is  roughly  plowed  twice  and  the  seed  sown  broadcast,  and, 
as  it  germinates  immediately,  appearing  above  ground  within  twenty 
four  hours,  no  weeding  is  required.  From  12  to  80  pounds  of  seed 
are  used  to  the  acre,  the  opinion  prevailing,  however,  that  thick  sowing- 
is  more  desirable. 

I  have  forwarded  to  the  Department  by  steamer  via  London  suffi- 
cient of  both  the  san  and  jute  seed  to  plant  an  acre  of  each,  and  it  will 
be  seen  that,  while  the  former  is  four  times  as  large  as  the  latter,  the 
plant  does  not  usually  attain  one-fourth  the  height  of  the  jute. 

Ordinarily  the  crop  is  harvested  after  the  flowers  have  appeared,  but 
often  the  plants  are  left  on  the  field  until  the  fruits  have  begun  to  form, 
and  sometimes  until  they  are  ripe.  In  most  cases  the  plants  are  pulled 
up  by  the  roots,  though  not  infrequently  the  stems  are  cut  with  a  sickle 
close  to  the  ground. 

There  is  great  difference  of  opinion  as  to  whether  the  crop  should  be 
dried  before  being  steeped  or  carried  at  once  to  the  retting  tanks. 
When  stripped  of  the  leaves,  which  are  highly  esteemed  as  a  manure, 
the  stalks  are  made  up  into  bundles  and  placed  upright  for  a  day  or 
two  in  water  a  couple  of  feet  deep,  since  the  bark  on  the  butts  is  thicker 
and  more  tenacious  than  that  on  the  upper  portion,  and  therefore  requires 
longer  exposure  to  fermentation.  The  bundles  are  then  laid  down 
lengthways  in  the  water  and  kept  submerged  by  being  weighted  with 
earth.  It  can  be  generally  ascertained  when  the  retting  is  complete  by 
the  bark  of  the  lower  ends  of  the  stems  separating  easily;  but  too  long 
fermentation,  while  it  whitens  the  fiber,  injures  its  strength.  It  seems 
necessary  to  caution  cultivators  against  oversteeping  the  plant,  because, 
while  it  renders  the  separation  of  the  bark  from  the  stalk  easier,  it 
weakens  the  fiber.  Small,  shallow  pools  of  clear  water  well  exposed 
to  the  sun's  beams  seem  best  suited  for  steeping,  because  heat  hastens 
maceration,  and  consequently  preserves  the  strength  of  the  fiber,  while 
clean  water  preserves  the  light  color.  Having  discovered  that  the 
necessary  degree  of  retting  has  been  attained,  the  cultivator,  standing 
in  the  water  up  to  his  knees,  takes  a  bundle  of  the  stems  in  his  hand 
and  thrashes  the  water  with  them  until  the  tissue  gives  way  and  the 
long,  clean  fibers  separate  from  the  central  canes.  When  the  fiber  has 
been  separated  and  thoroughly  washed,  it  is  the  usual  custom  to  hang 
it  over  bamboos  to  be  dried  and  bleached  in  the  sun.  When  dry,  it  is 
combed  if  required  for  textile  purposes  or  for  nets  and  lines,  but  if  for 
ordinary  use,  for  ropes  and  twines,  it  is  merely  separated  and  cleaned 
by  the  fingers  while  hanging  over  the  bamboo. 

The  output  per  acre  of  san  fiber  ranges  from  150  to  1,200  pounds,  but 
the  estimated  average  is  640  pounds  to  the  acre.  The  expenses  of  cul- 
tivation are  as  variously  stated  as  the  results  of  the  cultivation  in  the 
way  of  production.  As  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  outlay  for 
labor  must  be  between  $4  and  $5  per  acre. 

The  actual  area  occupied  by  san  can  not  be  absolutely  determined, 
but  it  seems  probable  that  there  are  at  least  150,000  acres  annually 
under  the  crop  in  India. 

The  chief  purpose  for  which  san  is  utilized  at  the  present  day  is  the 
[manufacture  of  a  coarse  cloth  or  canvas  used  chiefly  for  sacking.  A 
Large  amount  of  the  fiber  is  used  in  the  native  cordage  trade,  for  which 
it  is  well  adapted;  and  quantities  of  the  fiber  are  also  consumed  by 
the  Eurojjeau  rope-makers  in  India.  The  waste  tow  and  old  materials 
are  made  it<t«>  paper.     In  many  districts  paper  is  regularly  nianufac- 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  305 

tured  of  this  material,  and  large  quantities  are  used  by  the  Indian 
paper  mills.  The  fiber  could  be  used  in  the  United  States  as  a  substi- 
tute for  hemp  or  flax.  In  some  parts  of  India  the  seeds  of  the  san  are 
collected  and  given  to  cattle.  The  plant  itself  is  found  to  be  very- 
nourishing,  causing  the  cows  to  give  more  milk  than  most  other  food. 
Little  or  nothing  of  a  definite  nature  can  be  learned  regarding  the 
extent  of  the  trade  in  san  fiber.  It  is  grown  in  every  province  of  India, 
and  is  nearly  universally  used  by  the  people,  but  accurate  information 
in  regard  to  its  export  is  not  to  be  procured.  The  tables  published  by 
the  Government  show  the  exports  from  Indian  ports  to  other  Indian 
ports,  but  not  the  amounts  shipped  to  foreign  lands. 


Report  of  J.  Lamb  Doty,  U.  S.  consul  at  Tahiti,  Society  Islands. 

SEPTEMBER  1,  1893. 

Owing  to  the  general  depression  in  the  markets  of  the  world  during 
the  year  1892,  Tahiti  cotton  has  been  very  little  in  demand,  and  the 
local  prices  prevailing  are  so  low  that  most  planters  are  disgusted  with 
cotton-growing,  and  it  is  feared  that  unless  a  steady  price  can  be 
obtained  they  will  discontinue  culture.  During  this  year  there  were 
463,234  pounds  of  cotton  exported  in  bales,  valued  at  $68,140.  It  is 
the  smallest  cotton  export  of  the  colony  for  many  years. 

The  cotton  crop  shows  a  decrease  of  109,012  pounds  as  compared 
with  the  previous  year.  This  decrease  was  caused  by  the  prevailing 
discontent  felt  by  nearly  all  planters  at  the  low  price;  in  fact,  the 
prices  paid  at  the  Papeete  market  fluctuate  to  such  a  degree  that  cot- 
ton has  become  a  very  uncertain  crop  to  cultivate,  and  at  present 
nearly  all  of  it  is  grown  in  small  i>atches  by  the  native  planter. 


Report  of  Frederic  G.  Penfield,  U.  8.  agent  and  consul-general  at  Cairo, 

Egypt. 

JAMJARY  8,  1894. 
COTTON  MILLS  IN  EGYPT. 

The  success  which  has  attended  the  establishment  of  mills  in  the 
United  States  and  other  countries  in  the  neighborhood  of  cotton  fields 
has  suggested  to  capitalists  the  practicability  of  trying  the  experiment 
in  Egypt  of  fabricating  the  native  cotton  to  clothe  the  people  of  the 
country.  A  company  is  forming  with  English  and  local  capital  to 
establish  at  Cairo  a  factory  of  about  18,000  ring  spindles  and  500  looms 
of  the  newest  and  most  approved  make,  and  if  the  venture  prospers  it 
is  proposed  to  establish  mills  at  Alexandria  and  other  points. 

The  Cairo  factory  will  be  under  English  management,  and  will  be 
equal  in  many  respects,  it  is  promised,  to  the  most  modern  and  best- 
equipped  factories  in  England.  An  authorization  for  the  undertaking 
has  been  granted  by  the  Egyptian  Government,  and  assurances  have 
been  given  that  every  encouragement  will  be  afforded  the  new  industry. 

The  demand  for  cotton  cloth  in  Egypt  is  large  and  constantly 
Increasing,  while  Cairo  is  a  distributing  point  not  only  for  Upper  and 
COT — VOL  2 20 


306     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Lower  Egypt,  but  also  for  the  supply  of  cotton  goods  to  the  adjacent 
countries.  Egyptian  cotton,  both  brown  and  white,  is  well  known  to 
be  of  excelleut  quality  and  can  be  delivered  in  Cairo  at  a  much  lower 
price  than  in  England;  the  rate  of  wages  is  also  much  lower.  The 
Egyptian  workmen  are  clever  and  easily  taught,  and  the  supply  of 
suitable  labor  is  ample. 

In  addition  to  the  cost  of  freight  and  forwarding  expenses  on  all 
goods  coming  into  Egypt  from  Europe,  there  is  a  duty  of  about  8  per 
cent  ad  volorem  payable  on  all  imported  goods.  These  charges  will  be 
saved  on  the  home-made  production,  as  well  as  the  original  1  per  cent 
paid  on  the  cotton  when  it  was  shipped  from  Egypt.  This  saving, 
coupled  with  the  suitability  of  the  climate  and  the  abundance  of  good 
labor,  furnishes  evidence  of  the  practicability  of  the  undertaking. 

The  site  of  the  proposed  factory  is  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
Nile,  whence  water  for  all  purposes  will  be  obtained,  and  the  river  can 
also  be  used  for  the  conveyance  of  coal  and  cotton  to  the  mill.  A  rail- 
way runs  near  the  factory,  and  a  branch  line  of  rails  can  be  extended 
into  the  grounds,  thus  giving  direct  communication  with  all  the  rail- 
ways in  the  country. 

With  a  population  of  between  7,000,000  and  8,000,000  people,  in  a 
climate  where  garments  of  wool  are  worn  but  a  few  months  in  the  year, 
the  project  theoretically  has  much  to  commend  it;  and  with  intelligent 
and  prudent  management  this  venture  may  be  the  precursor  of  a  move- 
ment that  will  make  the  people  of  Egypt  independent  of  England  for 
their  fabrics,  for  Manchester's  looms  now  supply  more  than  90  per  cent 
of  the  textiles  coming  into  the  country.  The  enterprise  should  render 
its  projectors  a  fair  measure  of  profit  and  at  the  same  time  give  the 
Egyptians  the  advantage  of  a  saving  in  the  cost  of  their  clothing,  and 
illustrate  for  the  benefit  of  other  nations  whether  Egypt  offers  a  medium 
for  the  profitable  employment  of  capital  in  cotton- working. 


Cotton  goods  trade  in  Adamawa  (a  province  of  Soudan,  in  Central  Africa, 
between  latitude  6°  and  11°  N.  and  longitude  11°  and  17°  E.). 

[Translated  from  tlie  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  de  Geographic  Commerciale  de  Paris.] 

White  calico. — It  must  be  remembered  that  up  to  the  present  time 
few  European  cloths  have  penetrated  into  the  Soudan.  All  the  way 
from  Saint-Louis  (French  Senegambia)  to  Khartoum  there  are  fields 
of  cotton,  which  have  sufficed  for  native  consumption  and  even  for 
exportation  to  the  Touaregs  and  the  heathen  tribes  living  to  the  south 
of  the  Soudan.  The  cloths  are  strong;  they  are  better  dyed  than  our 
trading  cloths.  From  Timbuctoo  to  El  Obeid  European  cloths  do  not 
enter  into  the  native  consumption.  The  Niger  Company,  faithful  to 
its  principles,  has  tried  to  force  the  same  stuffs  on  the  Lower  Niger, 
SokotOj  and  Adamawa.  It  has  imitated  only  two  kinds  of  Houssa 
cloth,  and  its  experiment  has  not  been  crowned  with  success.  At 
Lokodja  6  fathoms  of  the  company's  cloth  are  required  for  U  fathoms 
of  similar  Houssa  cloth;  and,  in  fact,  the  native  cloth  is  three  times  as 
Strong  and  ten  times  bettor  dyed.  The  weaving  and  dyeing  industries 
are  well  developed  in  these  countries  and  can  compete  with  the  Euro- 
pean goods.  The  stuffs  which  ought  to  be  imported  are  such  as  the 
natives  can  not  manufacture  with  their  distaff  threads  and  their 
narrow  looms  and  such  as  are  dyed  in  colors,  for  which  they  have  no 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRJES.  307 

receipt;  while  ordinary  cloth  is  needed  for  those  who  trade  with 
the  heathen  tribes,  cloths  of  good  quality  must  also  be  imported  to 
clothe  the  people  who  manufacture  the  wonderful  robes  sold  at  Kano 
and  the  people  who  have  hitherto  got  their  supplies  from  the  Tripoli 
caravans.  All  those  who  pride  themselves  on  being"  religious  dress  in 
white.  The  company's  "  imperial  croydon"  does  not  bear  washing,  as 
it  is  too  flimsy.  In  the  countries  of  which  we  are  speaking  some  soap 
is  made  and  the  linen  is  washed;  for  a  stuff*  to  be  appreciated  by  the 
natives,  who,  it  must  not  be  forgotten,  are  experts,  it  must  bear  wash- 
ing without  injury  and  without  losing  its  colors.  Printed  cottons  not 
done  up  are  highly  esteemed.  Their  designs,  unfortunately,  did  not 
suit  the  taste  of  the  country.  They  grow  prettier  after  the  first  wash- 
ing. The  natives  count  by  double  fathoms  of  four  arm-lengths.  The 
arm-length  is  exactly  50  centimeters  [19.68  inches];  our  French  meas- 
urement is  therefore  good.  The  English  stuffs  are  folded  by  the  yard 
of  91  centimeters  [35.83  inches]  and  in  pieces  of  8,  12,  1C,  and  20  yards. 
With  the  exception  of  the  last,  the  pieces  do  not  correspond  to  an 
exact  number  of  arm-lengths.  Those  of  12  yards,  for  instance,  are 
only  10.9  meters  [11.09  yards],  or  a  little  less  than  22  arm-lengths, 
instead  of  24,  which  they  are  presumed  to  measure.  The  natives 
regard  this  as  a  cheat. 

White  calico. — Not  done  up,  from  0.25  to  0.45.  The  price  varies 
according  to  the  quality  and  width.  In  pieces  of  6,  8,  10,  12,  20,  and 
50  meters  [6.45,  8.75,  11.94,  22.88,  and  54.68  yards]. 

Muslin. — Greatly  in  demand  for  common  turbans.  In  order  to  lower 
the  price,  its  width  might  be  diminished  to  16  or  18  centimeters  [6.3  to 
7.0S  inches]  without  changing  the  quality.  Twelve  arm-lengths,  or  6 
meters  [6.57  yards],  are  required  for  a  turban.  The  natives  make  a 
fringe  at  each  end.  The  proper  way  would  be  to  end  the  turban  at 
every  6  meters  by  a  fringe  30  centimers  [11.8  inches]  long,  and  put  one 
or  two  red  or  green  lines  a  few  centimeters  further  on  (like  the  napkins 
at  3  francs  [57.9  cents]  per  dozen). 

Guinea. — The  company's  pattern  is  sold  for  shirts  and  pantaloons. 
The  very  wide  might  be  reduced  to  75  or  80  centimeters  [29.5  or  30.4 
inches].  Both  ought  to  be  in  pieces  of  10,  15,  20,  and  50  meters  [10.92, 
10.4,  22.12,  and  54.68  yards].  As  an  experiment,  the  cloth  of  the  coun- 
try ought  to  be  imitated. 

Glossed  Guinea. — Is  esteemed  as  highly  as  white  calico.  The  com- 
pany's is  similar  to  that  sold  in  Senegal.  It  is  the  tobe  turban  or  /bu- 
tane robe.  As  an  experiment,  the  Houssa  stuffs  might  be  imitated. 
The  latter  are  manufactured  in  pieces  of  8  arm-lengths  [4.37  yards], 
which,  owing  to  their  width,  are  enough  for  a  dress. 

Fancy  stuffs. — Twill  or  printed  cotton,  with  a  white  ground,  narrow 
stripes,  red,  green,  orange,  or  gold.  That  of  the  company  with  red 
stripes  is  the  most  acceptable  of  all  its  cloths. 

Quilting,  etc.  (cotton  flannel). — Quiltings  for  children's  swaddling- 
bands,  damask  with  small  figures,  and  cloth  with  figures  would  be 
very  salable. 

Cloth  for  burnoose. — Ladies'  cloth  at  5  francs  per  meter  [96.5  cents 
per  1.337  yards]  is  too  dear.  The  natives  will  not  buy  it  at  its  value. 
The  cloths  received  from  the  North  have  only  one  face  and  are  rough 
to  the  touch.  Three  colors — purple,  golden  yellow,  and  green;  purple 
preferred. 

Figured  ribbons,  lace  work,  braid. — To  line  the  inside  of  the  burnoose 
and  to  braid  the  burnoose  and  the  robes.  All  wool  and  silk  or  cotton 
and  silk. 


308      COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Cotton  for  embroidering  and  weaving. — Light  wine  lees  is  a  favorite 
color  with  the  natives.  They  put  it  in  their  fancy  stuffs;  but  as  they 
have  not  the  secret  of  the  die,  they  buy  skeins  of  cotton  of  that  color 
from  the  company. 

Velvet. — German  velvet,  all  cotton. 


Report  of  W.  C.  Tillotson,   U.  8.  consul-general  at  Kanagawa  {Yoko- 
hama), Japan. 

AUGUST  21,  1893. 
TRADE   OF   JAPAN,    CALENDAR   YEAR  1892. 

FLUCTUATIONS   OF   EXCHANGE. 

The  frequent  and  marked  fluctuations  of  exchange  make  it  difficult 
satisfactorily  to  compare  amounts  with  jn'evious  years.  During  the 
years  1891  and  1892  the  average  value  of  the  Japanese  silver  yen  was 
about  80  and  71  cents,  respectively,  so  that  though  the  total  volume  of 
trade  for  1892  exceeded  that  of  the  previous  year  by  19,974,292  yen, 
yet  when  reduced  to  United  States  money  at  the  rate  of  exchange  for 
that  year  the  increase  is  only  $761,435.  The  rapid  decline  of  exchange, 
however,  did  not  apparently  affect  the  trade  of  the  country  as  a  whole. 
The  only  sufferers  seem  to  have  been  the  importing  firms,  who  quite 
generally  complained  of  depression  in  the  trade.  Notwithstanding, 
however,  the  discouraging  condition  of  exchange,  there  was  an  increase 
in  imports  over  the  previous  year  of  $300,000. 

COTTON   MANUFACTURING. 

The  most  important  thing  to  be  spoken  of  concerning  the  foreign 
trade  of  Japan  is  the  increasing  facilities  of  the  country  for  manufac- 
turing her  own  supplies.  Especially  is  this  noticeable  in  relation  to 
cotton  goods. 

Importations  of  raw  cotton  continue  to  increase.  New  spinning 
mills  are  established  from  time  to  time,  and  those  already  in  operation 
report  enormous  profits.  Consequently  importers  of  cotton  fabrics  do 
not  take  a  cheerful  view  of  the  future  of  that  particular  line  of  busi- 
ness. There  is  no  doubt,  however,  that  the  consumption  of  cotton 
goods  in  Japan  is  growing  larger  each  year,  and  no  doubt  there  will 
always  be  a  demand  for  certain  kinds  of  those  of  foreign  manufacture. 
Thus  far  Great  Britaiu  has  taken  the  lead  in  their  importation,  but  I 
think  it  quite  probable,  if  our  manufacturers  would  take  the  trouble 
to  investigate  and  ascertain  the  kinds  and  qualities  most  desired  by 
the  Japanese  people,  that  they  might  secure  a  fair  share  of  the  business. 

Last  year  Japan  exported  cotton  goods  to  the  amount  of  $550,589,  as 
against  $300,328  for  1891,  her  market  as  yet  being  principally  China 
and  Korea. 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  309 

Value  of  imports  into  Japan  during  year  ending  December  31,  1892. 


Articles 


Textile  fabrics* 

Cotton,  raw 

Sugar  

Cotton  threads  and  yarn 

Metals  and  manufactures  thereof  .. 

Grain  and  seeds 

Arras,  instruments,  clocks, watches, 

machinery,  and  vessels 

Kerosene 

Drugs, medicines,  and  chemicals... 

Dyes  and  paints 

Hair,  horns,  ivory,  skins,  etc 

Books  and  stationery 


Value. 
(Dollars.) 


9,  224, 

8,  750, 
6,  819, 
5. 149, 
3,543, 
3,  469, 

2, 920. 
2,  365, 
1,727, 
1, 132, 
1.  034. 
537, 


425 
504 

088 
139 
311 

905 

301 
162 
825 
925 
902 
950 


Articles. 


Value. 
(Dollars.) 


Clothing  and  apparel 

Beverages  and  provisions 

Oil  and  wax 

Wine  and  liquor 

Tobacco 

Flour 

(llass  and  glassware 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

Japanese  produce 

Grand  total 


457,  680 
450.  467 
329,  252 
285,  990 
222.  507 
197.  903 
187.  745 
,  799, 331 


50, 606,  628 
34,  887 


50,641,516 


*  Doubtless  a  large  proportion  of  these  fabrics  were  of  cotton. — Alf.  B.  Shepperson,  See. 

The  annexed  table,  from  Mr.  Tillotson's  report,  is  of  interest  as  show- 
ing that  though  Japan  sends  to  the  United  States  nearly  one-half  of 
her  entire  exports  and  thirteen  times  as  much  as  she  sends  to  Great 
Britain,  yet  she  imports  from  Great  Britain  about  three  and  one-half 
times  as  much  as  from  the  United  States: 

Total  foreign  trade  of  Japan  by  countries  during  the  year  1892. 


Countries. 

Exports 
(dollars). 

Imports 
(dollars). 

Countries. 

Exports 
(dollars). 

Imports 
(dollars). 

27, 459,  229 

2,  784.  444 

12,  846,  522 

9,  434.  863 

4, 514,  790 

1, 009,  825 

667.  955 

1, 001,  596 

415,843 

890,  574 

772,  768 

519, 477 

35,588 

113, 304 

68,536 

4,251,518  ' 

14,700,425 

2,  570,  555 

4,959,803 

8,881,681 

5,440,022  ! 

4, 526,  284 

2,162,901 

593,  130 

48,  052 

21,835 

193.  678 

675.  591 

506,691 

337,337 

242,  771 

44,117 

2,033 

30,  988 

13,  880 

2,244 

2,  474 

717 

259 

7,288 

459 

Sweden  and  Norway. 

35,  369 

577 

Holland 

12,  496 

23, 540 

3,111 

4,282 

4,371 

Italy             

4,295 

Other  countries,  in- 
cluding  Japanese 

555,  974 

616, 152 

Total 

Philippine  Islands  . . . 

63,  430, 785 

50,  641, 516 

The  following-  table  gives  the  details  of  the  exports  to  the  United 
States  from  Kanagawa  (Yokohama)  during  the  year  1892,  comprising 
$24,763,681   of  the  entire  exports  of  Japan  to  the  United  States 

($27,459,229) : 

Value  of  exports  to  the  United  States  from  the  port  of  Kanagawa  ( Yokohama)  during 
the  year  ending  December  31,  1892. 


Articles. 


Silk,  raw 

Silk  goods 

Tea 

Curios 

Sulphur 

Straw  braid 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

Skins 

Manganese 


Value 
(dollars) . 


16,974,289.69 

2,748,027.64 

4,  037,  722.  01 

612,598.65 

liiu,  210.  96 
52.  390.  94 
47,  435.  92 

28,341.71 

20, 150.  59 


Articles. 


Fish  and  fish  oil . 
Plants  and  bulbs 

Menthol 

Dental  goods 

Mushrooms 

Oranges 

Miscellaneous  .. . 

Total 


Value 
(dollars). 


21,  047.  64 
20,  182.24 
10,  289. 60 
6,191.80 
5, 138.  64 
350.64 
13, 306. 80 


24,  763,  681. 47 


310     COTTON  CULTURE,  COTTON  MANUFACTURES,  AND 

Report  of  Charles  W.  Whiley,  jr.,  U.  8.  consul  at  St.  Etienne,  France. 

SEPTEMBER  14,  1893. 
THE  RAMIE   INDUSTRY    IN  FRANCE. 

At  the  present  day,  although  both  soil  and  climate  are  friendly  to 
its  production,  ramie  is  practically  uncultivated  in  France. 

Some  years  ago,  when  the  vineyards  were  ravaged  by  the  phylloxera 
and  before  the  American  vine  was  introduced,  cultivators  in  some  of  the 
districts  of  the  south  of  France  replaced  the  vine  stocks  by  those  of 
ramie,  in  order  to  utilize  the  ground.  As  soon,  however,  as  it  was  dis- 
covered that  the  American  vine  was  invulnerable  to  the  attacks  of  the 
phylloxera  they  abandoned  the  experiment  of  raising  the  ramie  and 
since  have  refused  to  devote  any  portion  of  their  fields  to  its  culture, 
for  the  very  practical  reason  that  the  cultivation  of  the  vine  is  much 
more  profitable. 

Eamie,  called  in  England  "China  grass"  and  in  China  "Tzing-ma," 
or  hemp  of  the  valley,  is,  as  is  well  known,  a  perennial  plant  whose 
fiber  is  like  that  of  hemp,  but  much  superior  to  it  in  solidity,  resistance, 
length,  and  delicacy.  The  analogy  of  the  ramie  with  the  indigenous 
nettle  of  Europe — genus  Urtica — was  discovered  at  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century;  but  it  was  not  until  a  comparatively  recent  period 
found  that  the  textile  nettle  belonged  to  two  distinct  species — the  Urtica 
utilis  or  Urtica  tenacissima  and  the  Urtica  nivea.  The  Urtica  utilis  is 
a  tropical  plant,  while  the  Urtica  nivea  is  grown  in  temperate  climates. 
It  is  with  the  latter  that  attempts  at  cultivation  have  been  made  from 
time  to  time  in  France. 

The  failure  to  render  its  production  a  permanent  industry  did  not 
result  from  the  difficulty  of  its  cultivation — both  soil  and  climate  giv- 
ing it  a  generous  welcome — but  from  the  want  of  success  in  discover- 
ing an  economical  method  of  decortication.  A  process  by  which  the 
fibers  of  the  ramie  could  be  detached  from  the  stalks  at  an  outlay  suf- 
ficiently small  to  insure  a  reasonable  profit  to  the  manufacturer  has 
been  the  problem  which  has  taxed  for  many  years  the  ingenuity  of 
French  inventors.  That  this  problem  has  never  been  completely 
solved  is  generally  conceded;  but  it  is  hoped  and  believed  by  many 
that  the  process  discovered  by  M.  Favier,  to  which  allusion  will  here- 
after be  made,  has  done  much  to  utilize  the  fibers  of  the  ramie  in  the 
manufacture  of  numerous  textile  fabrics. 

As  soon  as  interest  was  thoroughly  aroused  upon  this  subject,  it 
became  plain  that  the  primitive  method  adopted  in  China,  that  of 
decortication  by  hand,  was  only  rendered  available  by  reason  of  the 
cheap  labor  of  that  country,  and  that  it  would  be  obviously  imprac- 
ticable in  France.  Again,  it  was  found  that  retting,  the  process 
employed  for  flax,  was  not  applicable  to  ramie,  a  plant  whose  stems 
of  irregular  thickness  do  not  reach  maturity  simultaneously  and  whose 
fibers  are  embedded  in  a  glutinous  matter  greatly  in  excess  of  that  of 
flax  or  hemj). 

The  process  employed  for  flax  having  been  found  to  be  inapplica- 
ble to  ramie,  the  idea  was  conceived  of  resorting  to  machines  similar 
to  those  which  tor  several  years  have  been  used  in  the  decortication  of 
hemp  when  not  submitted  to  the  retting  process.  This  method,  due 
to  MM.  Leoni  and  Cobleutz,  was  only  applicable  when  the  ramie  stalks 
were  absolutely  dry.  For  more  than  twenty  years  efforts  have  been  made 
to  construct  a  machine  for  the  decortication  of  the  stems  in  the  fresh 


COTTON   CONSUMPTION    IN    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  311 

or  green  stale.  It  would  be  unprofitable  to  attempt  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  these  various  machines;  for  not  only  have  their  merits  and 
demerits  been  fully  discussed  at  the  sessions  of  scientific  associations 
and  in  the  reports  of  committees  of  award  of  national  and  interna- 
tional expositions,  but  in  no  single  instance  can  it  be  claimed  that  the 
genius  of  the  inventor  has  produced  a  machine  completely  adequate 
to  the  decortication  and  digommage  of  the  ramie  stem. 

Ever  since  1844,  when  a  surgeon — M.  Leclancher — attached  to  the 
French  man-of-war  La  Favorite  forwarded  to  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  at  Paris,  specimens  which  he  had  gathered  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Yangtze,  there  has  been  a  dream,  more  or  less  fitful,  that  ramie 
might  in  time  compete  with  cotton  in  the  manufacture  of  textile  fab- 
rics. During  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States  the  cotton  famine  in 
England  and  the  scarcity  of  cotton  in  France  occasioned  by  the  block- 
ade of  the  southern  ports  revived  the  interest  in  this  subject  which 
had  begun  to  wane,  and  the  chambers  of  commerce  at  Lille  and  Eouen 
drew  attention  to  the  resources  which  China  grass  presented.  On  the 
20th  of  July,  1870,  the  French  Government  appointed  a  committee  to 
examine  and  report  on  the  subject,  but  the  excitement  of  the  Franco- 
German  war  soon  interrupted  any  serious  consideration  of  the  matter. 

Today  the  dream  of  ramie  as  a  substitute  for,  or  even  as  a  form- 
idable competitor  with,  cotton  is  hardly  indulged  in  by  its  most  san- 
guine advocates;  but  for  some  time  interest  in  the  subject  has  been 
quickened,  although  the  work  goes  on  in  soberer  and  more  practical 
channels. 

A  RAMIE   FACTORY. 

A  French  society  was  formed  some  years  ago  to  develop  the  cultiva- 
tion of  ramie  in  Spain  and  Egypt,  two  countries  affording  most  favor- 
able conditions  of  soil  and  climate.  The  Spanish  proprietors  willingly 
consented  to  the  experiment;  but,  being  absolutely  without  the  neces- 
sary means,  they  had  to  draw  largely  from  the  treasury  of  the  society, 
and  at  last,  growing  discouraged,  the  experiment  was  abandoned.  In 
Egypt  success  was  not  greater.  Although  the  plant  took  kindly  to 
its  new  home,  the  cost  of  irrigation  became  very  onerous,  and  in 
addition  to  this  the  director  appointed  by  the  society  betrayed  the 
confidence  reposed  in  him.  The  result  was  that  in  a  short  time  the 
society  had  to  go  into  liquidation,  after  having  lost  4,500,000  francs. 

In  the  meantime  a  manufactory  for  the  spinning  of  ramie  thread  and 
converting  it  into  tissues,  such  as  sailcloth,  table-linen,  curtains,  etc., 
was  organized  at  Avignon,  in  the  department  of  the  Vaueluse,  under 
the  name  of  A.  P.  Favier  et  Cie.  The  creditors  of  the  society  in 
liquidation,  believing  that  the  ramie  industry  would  succeed  in  the 
end,  abandoned  to  a  new  board  of  directors  the  factory  for  a  certain 
number  of  years,  rent  free,  on  the  condition  that  a  large  portion  of 
the  dividend  should  be  appropriated  to  the  extinction  of  the  debt, 
which  amounted  to  600,000  francs.  Already  thereis  every  hope  of  suc- 
cess, thanks  to  the  energy  of  the  head  of  the  company — ML  Favier. 

Abandoning  all  idea  of  establishing  plantations  in  Europe,  the  new 
company  imports  the  raw  material  direct  from  China,  where  it  lias 
already  passed  through  the  first  and  somewhat  incomplete  operation 
of  decortication.  On  its  arrival  at  the  factory  it  is  passed  a  second 
time  through  a  decorticating  machine,  of  which  M.  Favier  is  the 
inventor,  and  finally  relieved  of  all  the  glutinous  matter  by  a  chemical 
process,  of  which  M.  Favier  keeps  the  secret,  but  which  is  supposed 
to  consist  of  a  weak  alkaline  solution  in  which  the  fibers  are  boiled. 


312     COTTON  CULTURE  AND  COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

It  is  tlien  spun  into  thread,  when  it  is  ready  for  manufacturing  the 
articles  already  mentioned. 

The  factory  employs  at  present  about  200  hands,  men  and  women, 
and  the  business  done  represents  about  1,000,000  francs  ($190,000) 
yearly. 

Manufactured  ramie  is  a  little  dearer  than  cotton  or  linen  goods,  but 
its  durability  is  said  to  be  threefold  that  of  the  latter.  It  is  claimed 
that  it  will  always  preserve  the  original  gloss. 

The  factory — the  only  one,  I  believe,  in  France  at  present — does  not 
intend,  however,  to  continue  the  manufacture  of  tissues;  it  will  confine 
its  business  to  spinning,  so  as  to  furnish  the  large  weaving  industries 
with  the  first  material,  or  thread. 

The  actual  price  of  the  thread  ranges  from  4  to  12  francs  per  kilo- 
gram (about  37  cents  to  $1.10  per  pound),  but  the  company  asserts  that 
as  soon  as  the  cultivation  of  ramie  becomes  developed  in  other  countries 
(the  South  American  especially)  these  prices  will  be  much  lowered. 

Besides  this  branch  of  the  industry,  the  company  manufactures  ramie 
pulp  for  the  making  of  paper  of  all  kinds,  but  especially  for  that  intended 
for  the  bills  of  the  Bank  of  France.  This  bank  has  made  a  contract 
with  the  company  by  which  the  latter  is  obliged  to  keep  in  stock 
for  the  bank  Li0,000  kilograms  of  pulp  in  one  of  the  bank's  large  store- 
rooms at  Marseilles  and  to  have  on  hand  20,000  kilograms  more,  while 
the  bank  itself  has  always  a  similar  amount  in  its  paper  manufactory 
near  Paris,  making  in  all  60,000  kilograms  at  all  times  available.  The 
price  of  the  pulp  is  6  francs  per  kilogram  (about  55  cents  per  pound), 
and  it  is  said  that  the  notes  made  with  this  material  are  not  only  stronger 
tli an  others,  but  that  they  defy  imitation. 

The  company  is  at  present  in  negotiation  with  the  Bussian  Govern- 
ment on  the  same  subject,  and  already  that  Government  has  asked  for 
a  few  thousand  kilograms  on  trial. 

The  dividend  paid  by  the  company  last  year  was  6£  per  cent,  and 
this  year  it  is  predicted  that  a  somewhat  higher  dividend  will  be 
declared. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  COTTON  MANUFACTURES 
BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

1882  TO  1892. 


In  compliance  with  the  request  of  the  committee  for  all  information 
in  its  possession  upon  the  above  subject,  the  following  valuable  tables 
were  kindly  furnished  by  Hon.  Worthington  C.  Ford,  Chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department.  They  make  an  interesting 
contribution  to  the  committee's  report. 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  arid  manufactures   of  cotton  into   and  from   the  United 
Kingdom  and  British  India  from  1883  to  1892,  inclusive. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 

1890  . 

1891  . 

1892  . 
Yarn— 

1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
18H6. 
1887. 


Quantities. 


Cwts. 
15, 485, 121 
15,617,582 
12,  730,  503 
15,  312,  900 

15,  994,  976 
15, 462, 099 
17, 298,  770 

16,  013,  350 
17,811,476 
15,  850, 324 
Pounds. 

7, 873,  984 
7,  789,  936 
8, 362,  281 
8, 125,  556 
7, 841, 919 


Values. 


436, 
429, 
492, 
450, 
438, 


Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Maim  fac  tures — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
8,  578,  200 
8, 807,  842 
8,  302,  439 
9,435,187 
9, 022, 158 


Values. 


£. 

471,  770 
474,  561 
446,  359 
504,  899 
474,  322 

2, 340. 464 
2, 239,  860 
1,979,166 
1,858,918 
2, 280,  966 
2, 251,  355 
2, 471,  038 
2, 356, 488 
2,  698,  999 
2, 812,  405 


EXPORTS. 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Cotton  yarn : 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Pounds. 
264, 772,  000 
270,904,600 
245,809,900 

254,331,100 
251,020,(1(10 
255,840,  100 
262,  4:i5,  sou 
258,  290,  800 
245,  258,  700 
'233,  224,  4UU 

£. 

13,  509,  732 
13,  813,  078 
11,865,294  i 
11,487,389 
11,379,325 
11,  657,  489 
11,  711,  749 
12,341.307 
11,177,348 
9,  693,  351 

Cotton  manufactures : 
Piece  goods — 

White      or 
plain — 

1883    . . 

Yardi. 

3,136,180,200 
3,  095,  353,  700 
3, 149,  905,  600 
J,  497,  866,  100 
3,  473,  308,  200 
•&,  607,  991,  300 

£ 

34, 151,333 

1884 

1885 

1886.....   . 

1887 

31,850,336 
30, 565,  477 
32,  237,  082 
32,813,698 
34, 198,  090 

313 


114 


IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS    OF    COTTON    AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
GREAT  BRITAIN— Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Cotton  manufactures- 

Continued. 

Cotton  manufactures — 

Piece  goods — Cont'd 
White       or 

Continued. 

Stockings  and 

plain — Cont'd 

Yards. 

£ 

socks — Cont'd. 

Doz.  pairs. 

£ 

J889 

3,  4C5,  404,  :ioo 

32,  347,  053 

1891 

1, 214, 012 

316,  729 

1890 

3,581.715,200 

34,  327.  299 

1892 

1,124,051 

254, 634 

3, 433,  424,  300 

33,  013,  559 

Thread    for   sew- 

1892  

3,  329,  037,  000 

29,  597, 425 

ing— 

Pounds. 

Checked  or 

1883 

14,  443,  400 

2,361,118 

dyed — 

1884 

14,711,900 

2,477,391 

1883 

1,  379, 932.  200 

20,  831, 161 

1885 

15.044,600 

2,  365,  998 

1884 

1,321,645,500 

19,  806,  481 

1886 

17,318,700 

2,  586,  765 

1885 

1,224.  423,  800 

17,  706, 137 

1887 

20,  392,  000 

2,979,184 

1886 

1,351,976,700 

17,  922,  454 

1888 

21.719,100 

3, 180,  885 

1887 

1,  430,  609,  600 

18,  924,  181 

1889 

17,201,000 

2,  692,  601 

1888 

1,  430,  249,  200 

18,  380,  961 

1890 

18,  075,  000 

2,  990,  751 

1889 

1,  535,  687,  400 

19,  035,  669 

1891 

18,  070,  600 

3,  254, 193 

1890 

1,  543,  206,  300 

19,  829,  868 

1892 

16,  169,  300 

2,  867,  551 

1891 

1,  479,  009,  000 

19,  416,  701 

Lace   and   patent 

1892 

1,  543,  964,  500 

19, 166, 107 

net — 

Of  mixed  ma- 

1883  

Not  stated. 

2,  707,  694 

terials — 

1884 

" 

2,  452,  556 

1883 

22,  776, 100 

551,672 

1885 

" 

2,  376,  837 

1884 

a  280,  800 

8,806 

1886 

" 

2,  363,  683 

1885 

a  187, 100 

5,  241 

1887 

" 

2,261,471 

1886 

a  367,  700 

11,  536 

1888 

" 

1, 923,  386 

1887 

a  94,  200 

4,483  1 

1889 

" 

1, 913,  547 

1888 

a  67, 200 

3,  507 

1890 

" 

2,  046.  847 

1889 

a  87, 400 

4,651 

1891 

" 

1,852,967 

1890 

a44,  500 

2,  591 

1892 

" 

2, 100,  405 

1891 

a42.  400 

1,717 

Hosiery  and  small 

1892 

a  104, 300 

2,011 

wares — 

Stockings    and 

1883 

Not  stated. 

1,  796,  732 

socks — 

Doz.  pairs. 

1884 

" 

1,770.239 

1883 

1, 706,  675 

536,  315 

1885 

" 

1.572,557 

1884 

1,  821,  575 

569,  345 

1886 

" 

1.  757,  737 

1885 

1,  731,  745 

519,  346 

1887 

" 

2.  153.  970 

1886 

1,  762,  299 

487,  378 

1888 

" 

2,  200,  248 

1887 

1,  727,  589 

443,  454 

1889 

" 

2,  404,  384 

1888 

1,  692,  606 

441,074 

1890 

" 

2,  530,  225 

1889 

1,  443,  701 

394,  643 

1891 

" 

2,  374.  390 

1890 

1,304,564 

355,  861 

1892 

2, 277,  335 

a  Large  quantities  of  piece  goods  of  mixed  materials,  in  which  wool  predominated,  were  erroneously 
entered  as  cotton  manufactures  prior  to  1884,  but  this  kind  of  goods  is  now  included  with  woollen  and 
worsted  stuffs. 

UNITED  KINGDOM  (FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL). 

EXPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw : 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Waste  of  (raw  and 
yarn)  — 

1883 

1881 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantities. 


Cwts. 
2, 207, 400 
2,240.979 
1,842,311 
1,  766,  590 
2,612,634 
2, 453.  921 
2, 478,  592 
1,916,445 

1,  625,  072 

2,  079, 499 

Pounds. 

8, '.HI,  772 

7.  555,307 

9,141,723 

20,  034,  B12 

37,433,688 

29,803,080 

26,096,234 

20,  906  355 

2s.  001,  107 

41,865,438 


Values. 


£ 
5, 253, 
5,  379, 
4,463, 

3.  '.>::,, 

:".  726, 

5,  538, 

5,871, 

4,  750, 

3,  787, 

4,  535, 


110. 
97, 
117. 
240, 
429, 
378, 
301. 
262, 
319. 
471, 


Cotton  manufactures 
Piece  goods  — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 , 

1892 

Other  articles — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantities. 


Yards. 
18,277,313 
16.  297,  545 
24,  750.  566 
26,740,411 
38,088,451 

2.".,  36(1,  800 

27,214,852 

18,071,501 
16,214,089 

19,160,544 

Not  stated . . 


Values. 


£ 

350,  642 
284, 265 
409, 436 
327,  466 
610,  577 
423,  947 
481.483 
292,  043 
259. 579 
289,  234 

179,405 
110,312 
31, 124 
99, 162 
92.  923 
99.  025 
98.  719 
96,746 
125,  687 
116,365 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


315 


Imjiorts  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
BRITISH  INDIA. 
IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1990 

1891 

1892 

Twist  and  yarn — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 


Quantities. 


Pounds. 

4.  533,  200 

5.  384,  400 
7,  62:!.  728 
8, 487,  024 

6.  395,  200 

6,  12!,  936 

7.  238,  '-24 
12,  992,  000 

9,  434,  432 
9, 100,  896 

44,  859, 175 

45,  378,  956 
44,  799,  637 
45,915,123 
49,013,979 


Values. 


Tens  of 


rut 

Noti- 


ce*. 
bated. 


3,378,190 
3, 465,  943 
3,360,420 

3, 172,  083 
3,  318,  377 


Cotton  twist  and  yarn 
Continued. 

L888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Manufactures — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantities. 


Pounds. 
51,512,549 

52.287.181 
46.  382.  525 
50,  970,  950 
50,404,318 

Not  stated . . 


Values. 


Tens  of 
rupees. 
3,581,906 

3,  746,  797 
3,  482,  529 
3,  768,  362 
3,  514,  620 

21, 431,  872 
21,  642,  388 
21.197,414 
21,110,545 

25,  846.  508 
23,  924,  467 
27, 764,  508 

26,  391. 399 

27,  241,  987 
25, 174,  852 


EXPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Twist  and  yarn 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 


Quantities. 


Cwt. 

6, 170, 173 
5,  987,  278 
5,  069,  713 
4.191,004 
5,  435,  862 
5,  374,  856 
5,  331,  581 
6, 323,  267 
5,  924,  987 
4,  429,  679 

Not  stated. 


Values. 


Tens  of 

rupees. 

16,  055,  758 

14,  401,  902 
13,  295, 124 
10, 782,  021 
13,  475,  962 
14,413,544 

15,  045,  679 
18,671,329 

16,  533, 943 
10,  763,  559 

1,  874, 464 
2,013,019 

2,  506,  617 
2,841,555 
3, 418,  008 


Cotton  twist  and  yarn 
— Continued. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Manufactures — 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 


Quantities. 


Cwt. 
Not  stated. 


Not  stated. 


Values. 


Tens  of 
rupees. 
4, 146,  731 

5,  318,  614 
5,840,114 

6,  627, 165 
5,  884,  698 

2, 093, 146 
2,326,018 
2,  080,  017 
2,  248,  973 
2, 436,  344 
2,  798,  854 
2,  872,  631 
2,  733,  369 

2,  809,  708 

3,  081, 168 


RUSSIA. 
IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Poods.* 
6, 710,  200 
8,090,0(10 
6.  277,  000 
6.  378,  000 
7,248,000 
10,055,000 

6,  890,  000 
8,  620.  0(10 

7,  995,  000 
7,131,000 

3."..  148 

226,  ooo 

167,  000 
172,  000 
169, 000 

UouhlesA 
72,  417.  000 
93,864,000 
76, 176,  000 
65,  967,  000 
71,  896,  000 
96,436,000 

68,  248,  000 
83,509,000 
79,121,000 

69,  397,  000 

15, 224, 000 
10,  438,  000 
8,  542,  000 
7,  775.  000 
7,  690,  000 

Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd. 
1887 

Poods. 

219,  000 

263.0(10 
271,000 
228,  000 
148,  000 

Not  stated. 

Roubles. 
9, 644, 000 

1883 

1888 

10, 025, 000 

1884 

1889 

9,  837.  000 

1885 

1890 

8,609,000 

1886 

1891 

4,  868,  000 

1887 

Manufactures — 
1882 

1888 

5,  440,  000 

1889 

1883 

3,  890,  000 

1890 

1884 

3,  395,  000 

1891 

1885 

2,  977,  000 

1886 

2,318,000 

1882 

1887 

1,843,000 

1883 

1888 

1,519,000 

1884 

1889 

2, 134,  000 

1885 

1890 

1,  913,  000 

1886 

1891 

1,706,000 

Pood  is  36  pounds. 


t  Rouble  is  about  78  cents. 


316        IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

NORWAY. 
IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

1883 

L884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

L888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog* 
2,  434,  000 
2, 330,  000 
2,  320,  000 
2,011,000 
2,  329,  000 
2,  356,  000 
2.  209,  000 
2.  437,  000 
2,  696,  000 
2, 277, 000 


Value. 


KronerA 
2,  555,  000 
2.  237,  000 
2,  320,  000 

1,  931,  000 

2,  096,  000 
2,191,000 
2,  099,  000 
2,  354,  000 
2,  616,  000 
1, 981,  000 


Cotton  manufactures 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog.* 
1,  599,  000 
1,  592,  000 
1,859.000 
1,  503,  000 
1,  448,  000 
1,  457,  000 

1,  806.  000 
2, 197,  000 

2,  275,  000 
2, 166,  000 


Value. 


Kroner.^ 
4, 769,  000 
4,  746, 000 
5, 376,  000 
4,  360,  000 
4, 155,  000 

4,  007,  000 
4,897,000 
6,  015,  000 
6, 249, 000 

5,  736, 000 


SWEDEN. 
IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw : 

1882  . 

1883  . 

1884  . 

1885  . 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 

1889  . 

1890  . 

1891  . 
Yarn— 

1882. 
1883  . 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 


Quantity. 


Kilog.* 
10, 430,  320 
12.  720, 388 
9,  959, 531 
11,340,081 
10.  569,  408 
10,  866,  030 
12,154,631 
12, 237,  787 
12,912,418 
14,  916,  271 

1,  977, 545 

2,  409,  788 
2,  019,  895 
1,  735,  500 
1,  578, 931 


Value. 


Kroner.i 
12, 203, 000 

12,  721. 000 
10, 458.  000 
11,  340,  000 
10,  572,  000 
11,409,000 

13,  006.  000 

14,  337,  000 

15,  237,  000 
13, 429,  000 

3,  232,  000 
4,901,000 
2,  076,  000 
1,  849,  000 
1, 747, 000 


Cotton,  yarn — Cont'd 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog.* 
1,431,079 
1,  706,  680 
1,  903,  996 
1,897,193 
1,  890,  499 

934, 913 
1, 135,  682 
1, 167, 112 
1,  095,  706 
1,  026,  212 
1,086,118 
1, 148,  726 
1,  387,  815 
1, 439, 144 
1,  312,  504 


Value, 


Kroner.t 
1,713,000 
2,412.000 
3, 472,  000 
3,475,000 
3, 078,  000 

7, 100,  000 
8,  464,  000 
8,  866, 000 
8,  297,  000 
7, 875, 000 
8, 435,  000 
8,  965,  000 
11,  060,  000 
11,  387,  000 
10, 176,  000 


EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  manufactures: 
1882  .  .*. 

Kilog.* 
388,  799 
364,  879 
387, 669 
323,  855 
325,  327 

Kroner.  \ 
2,  546, 000 
2,371,000 
2,  501,  000 
2, 046, 000 
2, 050,  000 

Cotton  manufactures — 
Continued. 

1887 

Kilog.* 
364, 135 
572,  731 
552,  047 
563,  484 
588,  653 

Kroner,  t 
2,  277,  000 

1883 

1888 

3,  517,  000 

1884 

1889 

3, 437.  080 

1885 

1890 

3,  482,  000 

1886 

1891  .. 

3,  826,  000 

DENMARK. 

IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  flax,  and  hemp 
iii.'iiinfactures: 

1882 

Pund.  1 

Kroner. 

Cotton,  flax,  and  hemp 
manufactures — Ctd. 
1887  . 

Pund.  J           Kroner. 
15,931,556       15,496  000 

1888  . . . 

16,373,031       16,329,000 
15,  509,  990       l*-  88^  onn 



1884 

16,387,888       15,712,000 
14, 070.  3011       14,  375,  000 
12,739,155          9  636  00 

1889 

1885 

1890 

15,  90(i,  529 
17,  268, 476 

14, 846, 000 
15,  403,  000 

1886 

1891    . 

*  Kilogram  is  2  J  pounds. 


t  Kroner  is  20}  cents. 


J  The  pund  is  1^,  pounds. 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES.     317 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued 

GERMAN  EMPIRE. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
Yarn— 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


Quantity. 


100  Kilogs. 
1,  558,  500 
1,890,930 

1,  775,863 
1,751,853 
1,817,138 

2,  242.  040 
2, 086, 885 
2,609,120 
2,  681, 432 
2, 775,  861 

181,  000 
219,  000 
221, 400 
208, 108 
221,  864 


Value. 


Marks.  *  ■ 

179,  238,  o»i(i 
208,002,000 
202,448,  000 

180,  408,  000 
175,  .'546,  000 
224,  877, 000 
213,  802,  000 
279,  998,  000 
290, 122,  000 
234,  006,  000 

51,845,000 
57,  214,  000 
57,  898,  000 

50,  3S9,  0(1(1 
52, 162,  000 


Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity.  Value 


100  kilogs. 
209,  693 
217,  070 
219,265 
188,  080 
158,  707 

15.200 

15,  720 

16.  615 
15,  564 
14,938 
13,  596 
13,769 
15, 146 
15, 492 
15,  910 


Mark*.* 
51,301,000 
55,  026,  000 
58, 132,  000 
52, 281, 000 
42,  256, 000 

21,335,000 
21,456,000 
22,  769,  000 
21,  998,  000 
19,  345,  000 
15,  288,  000 
12,  349,  000 
12,957,000 
11.970,000 
11,648,000 


EXPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885  . 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
Yarns— 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 


Quantity. 


100  kilogs. 
175,  000 
206,  037 
181, 153 
191,490 
213,767 
253,  224 
264,  961 
301,  827 
351, 139 
323, 823 

107,  000 
82, 000 
72, 000 
72,  1 1 3 
73, 243 


Value. 


Marks* 
21, 849,  000 

24,  724,  000 

22,  463,  000 
16, 493,  000 
17,311,000 
21,  879,  000 
23, 704,  000 
29, 196,  000 
34,  989,  000 

23,  982, 000 

32,  284, 000 

25.  600,  000 
22. 588,  000 
18,  490,  000 
18, 219,  000 


Cotton,  yarns — Cont'd 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Man  ufac  tures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Value. 


100  kilogs. 
66,  901 
64, 067 
68, 403 
71,803 
96, 137 

149,  500 
146,  661 
161,171 
145,313 
161,152 
190,  895 
289,  262 
263, 174 
282,  854 
277,  883 


Marks.* 
17,  665,  00 
17.442.000 
19,  228,  000 
19, 895, 000 
22, 160,  000 

73, 138,  00o 
73. 160, 000 
80,  352,  000 
79,  573,  000 
98,  742,  000 
118,740,000 
186,  348,  000 
102,332,000 
168, 077,  000 
146,  S53, 000 


HOLLAND. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1,-01 

Yarn— 

1882 
1883 

1,-SJ 

1885 
1886 


Quantity. 


Kiloq. 
41,038, 
46,  675, 
43, 165, 
39,  353, 
27,  460, 
38,  342, 
33,  750, 
30,411, 
28, 164, 
30,  396, 


Not  stated. 


Value. 


Gulden  .t 

24,  623,  000 
28,  005, 000 

25,  899,  000 
23, 612,  000 

16,  476,  000 
23, 005, 000 
20,250,000 
18,  246,  000 

17,  078, 000 
18, 238, 000 

23,  939,00b 

31,330, 

31,606,000 
28,  986,  000 
29, 182,  000 


Cotton,  yarn — Cont'd 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
Not  stated. 


Not  stated. 


Value. 


Gulden  A 
27,  915,  000 
28. 923, 000 

26,  343,  000 

27.  013,  000 
26, 180,  000 

9,  747,  000 

8,  997,  000 

9,  784,  000 
8,  340,  000 

7,  916,  000 

8,  428,  ooo 
8,  478,  ooo 
8  397,  ooo 
8.7:14.000 
8.531,000 


*  The  mark  is  24  cents. 


tTuo  gulden  or  florin  is  41  cents. 


318 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

HOLLAND— Continued. 

EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Kilog. 
31,  830,  000 

28,  898,  000 

29,  652,  000 
22,  652.  000 
18,313,000 
26,  308,  000 
25,  087,  000 
22,  367,  000 
16  346,  000 
16,  660,  000 

Gulden* 
19, 098, 000 
17,  339,  000 
17,  800,  000 
13,591.000 
10,  988,  000 
15, 785,  000 
15.052,000 

13,  420,  000 
9,  807,  000 
9,  996,  000 

14,  371 ,  000 
19,371,000 
18,581,000 
15,93,000 
17,  720,  000 

Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd.    !        Kilog. 

1887 ! 

Gulden* 
15.  645,  000 

1883 

1888 

14,  603.  01)0 

1884 

1889 ' 

12,  945,  000 

1885 

1890 ' 

11,681,000 

1886 

1891 1 

10, 138,  000 

1887    

Manufactures — 

1882 ' 

1888 

15,  805,  000 

1889 

1883 

15,  703.  000 

1890 

1884 

17,  013,  000 

1891 

1885 1 

21,243,000 

1886 - 

23,  230.  000 

1S82    

1887    

25,247,  000 

1883 

1888 

27,  450,  000 

1884    . . 

1889    

29,001,  000 

1885 

1890 

29,391,  000 

1880 

1891 

39,  374,  000 

1 

BELGIUM. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
Yarn— 
1882 
1883 
1884 
18S5 
1880 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
25,  227.  000 

23,  837,  000 

24,  752,  000 
17.  304,  000 
20,971,000 
22,  817,  000 
21,  288,  000 
14,469,000 
32,  300,  000 
34,  269,  000 

746,  000 
761,  000 
857,  000 

1,073,000 
1, 198,  000 


Value. 


Francs  A 
39,  050,  000 

38,  096,  000 
35,  214, 000 
21,  657,  000 
22,491,000 
25, 505,  000 
24,  634,  000 
18,  092,  000 

39,  893,  000 
37,  308,  000 

3, 145,  000 
3,201,000 
3,  562,  000 
3,  302,  000 
3, 400, 000 


Cotton,  yarn — Cont'd 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 , 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 , 

1891 , 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
1, 139,  000 
1,  048,  000 
1,255,000 
1,  424,  000 
1, 563, 000 

1,  986, 000 
2, 137,  000 
2,214,000 

2.  467,  000 
2,  548,  000 
2.  983.  000 
2,  906.  000 

2,  747,  000 

3,  049,  000 
3,  069,  000 


Value. 


FrancsA 
8,  393,  000 
3, 134,  000 
4,  074,  000 
4,  620,  000 
4,  706,  000 

13,832.000 
15,119,000 

13,  967,  000 

14,  031, 000 
14,  659,  000 
17,  293,  000 
17,037,000 

16,  077,  000 

17,  857,  000 

18,  006,  000 


EXTORTS. 


Cotton  : 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1*84 

1885 

1886 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
5,  117,000 

4,  88b,  000 

5,  196,  000 

4,  537,  000 

5,  262,  000 


Value. 


Francs. 
22,  597,  0(10 
20,  854,  000 
20,044,000 

10,428,01)0 
16,531,000 


Cotton : 

Manufactures — 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
6,  237,  000 
5,  S20,  000 

5.  068, i 

6,  543,  000 
6, 140,  000 


*  The  gulden  or  iiorin  is  41  cents. 


t  The  franc  is  19J  cents. 


Value. 


Franr.i. 
20,  809,  000 
19,974,000 
19.701,001) 
23,  033,  000 
22,  590,  000 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    VOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


319 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  totion,  etc. — Continued. 

FRANCE. 
IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1883  . 

1884  . 
1885. 
1886. 
1887  . 
Ie88  . 

1889  . 

1890  . 

1891  . 
Yarn — 

1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 


Quanity. 


Kilog. 
144. 280  000 
123,  122,000 

131,778,000 
136,691,000 
154,  873,  000 
121,725,000 

143,418,000 
146,740,0110 
176, 344,  000 

Not  stated. 


Value. 


Francs. 
205, 096,  000 
170,661,000 
178,626,000 
161,286,000 
203,  350,  000 
157,656,000 
202, 894, 000 
206, 413,  000 
203, 542,  000 

37,  330,  000 
40,  633, 000 
39,501,000 

38,  759,  000 
36,  216,  000 
31, 188, 000 


Cotton,  Tarn — Cont'd. 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

M  a  n  u  1 'ac  t  ures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1882 


Quantity.  Value 


Kilog. 
Not  stated. 


Not  stated. 


141, 002,  000 


Francs. 
25,  778,  000 
29.007,000 
31,246,000 

29,  566,  000 

73,  000,  000 
70,  799,  000 
75,281,000 
66,  787,  000 
57,  012,  000 
50, 196,  000 
41,012,01)0 
41,333,000 
40,  983,  000 
44,  768, 000 
211,820,000 


EXPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

18S2 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
29,  604.  000 
28,  530.  000 
26,  870,  000 
23,  726.  000 

25,  552,  ooo 
33,  897,  000 

26,  422,  000 
19,545,000 
21,  677,  000 
21,  930,  000 


Value. 


Francs." 
44, 406,  000 
39,  371,  000 
38,  499,  000 
32,  504,  000 
30,  663,  000 
44,745,000 
34.  348,  000 
28,  341,  000 
31,649,000 
25,  439,  000 


Cotton  manufactures- 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 


Value. 


Francs* 
97, 800,  000 
90,  345,  000 
91,045,000 
102,199,000 
107,  184,  000 
117,  758,  000 
106,  183,  000 
116,  178,  000 
110.  358,  00C 
101,  894,  000 


SWITZERLAND. 

IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  raw : 

1882  .., 

Quintaux.  t 

Francs. 

Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd. 
1887 

Quintaux.  t 
15,013 
13, 805 
16, 176 
16,  369 
14, 977 

Francs. 
6,210,000 

l,-s:t 

1888 

6,  092, 000 

1884 

1889 

6,775,000 

1885    

228,  458 
195,  930 
270,  409 
223,  4'J.". 
285,  586 
272,  74:i 
248,  619 

34,  269,  000 
27,  430,  000 
38,  952,  000 

32.  397.  000 
43,  980,  000 
42,  384,  000 

33,  804,  000 

1890 

6,  646,  000 

1886 

1891 

6,  003,  000 

1887 

Mann  la  c  t  u  res — 
1882 

1SKS 

isso 

1883 

1890 

1884 

1891 

1885 

34,  958 

36,  425 
40,  129 

37,  572 

37,  057 
42.  033 

38,  852 

26,  477,  000 

1886 

25,  224,  000 

1882 

1887 

26,116.000 

1883 

1888 

25,  060,  000 

1SS4 

1889 

25,  830. 000 

1885    .. 

14,767 
16, 084 

6,  373,  000 
6. 539,  000 

18£0 

27,  528,  000 

1886 

1891 

24,  221,  000 

The  franc  is  19J  cents. 


t  The  quintal  is  about  110J  pounds. 


320 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

SWITZERLAND— Continued. 

EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  yarn: 

1882 

Quintaux. 

Franet. 

Cotton  manufactures — 
Continued. 

Piece      goods 
and  hosiery — 
Continued. 

1890 

1891 

Ribbons,    em- 
broidery and 
lace — 

1882 

Quintaux. 

77,  972 
7e,  224 

Franet. 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

66,  929 
63,  812 
61,913 
77,  719 
77, 445 

67,  305 
64, 778 

22,  514,  000 
20,  708,  000 
19,  074,  000 
23, 276,  000 
24, 683,  000 
22, 397,  000 
21, 238, 000 

50, 246,  000 
49, 204,  000 

Piece      goods 
and  hosiery — 
1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

36,  320 

38,  805 

39,  557 
41, 127 
33, 171 

37,  390 
31,  364 

90,  202, 000 
90, 895,  000 
88,  519,  000 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

85, 180 
79,919 
85,  849 
80,  022 
84, 596 

52,  387,  000 

47,  257,  000 
49,  362,  000 

48,  257,  000 
52,  341,  000 

86,  949,  000 
76,  427,  000 
85,518,000 
73,  057, 000 

PORTUGAL. 

IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Kilog. 
3, 305, 000 
3, 998, 000 
3, 744,  000 
4, 159,  000 
5, 120,  000 
5,  032,  000 
5, 453,  000 
5,  991,  000 
8, 236.  000 

Milreis* 

806, 000 

907,  000 

825, 000 

891,  000 

1,  046,  000 

1,  012,  000 

1, 119,  000 

1,181,000 

1, 894,  000 

Cotton,  varn — Cont'd. 
'1887 

Kilog. 
365,  000 
424,  000 
320,  000 
375,  000 

Milreis.  * 
285  000 

1883  . . . 

1888 

362  000 

1884 

1889 

273, 000 

1885 

1890 

330, 000 

1886 

1891 

1887 

Manufactures — 
1882 

4,  789,  000 
4, 950,  000 
4,  867,  000 
5, 391,  000 
5, 771,  000 
6,  017, 000 
5, 724,  000 
5, 931,  000 
5, 035, 000 

1888 

2,  636,  00C 
2, 642,  000 
2.  608, 000 
2, 799, 000 
2,  934,  000 

1889  . . . 

1883 

1890 

1884 

1891  . . 

1885 

231, 000 
306,  000 
344, 000 
331,  000 
328, 000 

208, 000 
242,  000 
254,  000 
270,  000 
265, 000 

1886 

1882 

1887 

3,  050,  000 

1883 

1888 

3,129.000 

1884 

1889 

3, 409,  000 

1885 

1890 

3, 144, 000 

1880 

1891 

SPAIN. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
Yarn— 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
46,  385,  000 
54, 297,  000 
52,  622,  000 
48, 803,  000 

45,  842,  000 

46,  277,  000 
42, 402, 000 
63.  691.  000 
49,  838,  000 
60,  730,  000 

283,  000 
324, 000 
339,  000 
361,000 
387, 000 


Value 


Pesetas,  t 
78,  855,  000 
81,  445,  000 
76,  302,  000 
65.  885,  000 
59,  595,  000 
62,  473,  000 
57,  242,  000 
89,  167,  000 
69,  77:?,  000 
85,  022,  000 

1,  387, 000 
1, 601, 000 
1, 905,  000 
1, 997, 000 
2, 120,  000 


Cotton,  yarn — Cont'd. 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 , 

1891 , 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
480, 000 
48:i,000 
569,  000 
489,  000 
721, 000 

1,276,000 
1,350,000 
1,  545, 000 
1. 558,  000 
1,610,000 
1,  622,  000 
1, 641, 000 
1 ,  976,  000 
1,881,000 
1,956,000 


Value. 


Pesetas,  t 
2,  449, 000 
2,  464,  000 
2,  655,  000 
2, 523, 000 
3, 766, 000 

10, 221. 000 
10, 150,  000 
11,391,000 
11,320,000 
11,421,000 
11,331,000 
11, 193,  000 
13,  273,  000 
11,579,000 
12, 136,  000 


Milreis  is  equal  to  $1.08. 


1  The  peseta  is  19J  cents. 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES.     321 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

ITALY. 
IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 "... 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Tarn — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1F86 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Tissues,  pure  o 
mixed,  un 
bleached — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 
62, 881, 000 
67,309,000 

66. 130,  000 
78,  559,  000 

67,994,0110 
76,  191,000 
74,97s.  Udil 
89,  843,  000 
101,736,000 
92,  598,  000 

9,  072,  000 
8,  995,  000 
7,  990,  000 
7.  us-,  iiiin 
ti,  259,  (100 
4,  754.  000 
3,453,000 
3,  074,  000 
2, 900,  000 
2,  346,  000 


3,  335, 000 
3,  831,  000 

3,  527,  000 
3, 725,  000 

4,  059,  000 
4,  886,  000 
1,  674.  000 
2,371,000 
1,  216,  000 
1, 509,  000 


Value. 


Lire* 
100,  609,  000 
90,  867,  000 
85, 969,  000 
90,  342,  000 
74, 794,  000 
87,619,000 
86,  225,  000 
112,  303,  000 
127, 169,  000 
97, 228,  000 

28, 170.  000 

26.  747,  000 

23, 373, 000 

21,  308, 000 

16,  480,  000 

13,  048,  000 

9,981,000 

11,  063,  000 

8,  714,  000 

6,  899, 000 


11,165,000 
12,  044,  000 
10, 962, 000 
11, 185,  000 
11, 874,  000 
14,  374,  000 
4.  974,  000 
7,  010,  000 
3,614,000 
4, 190,  000 


Cotton  tissues, 
bleached: 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Tissues,  colored 
and  dyed — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

Tissues,  printed — 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

18S9 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Kilog. 

2,  794, 000 
3, 270,  000 

3,  085,  000 
3,  024,  000 
2.911,000 
3.  290.  000 
1,777,000 
2, 100,  000 
1.  929,  000 
2, 030,  000 


2,  283,  000 
2.  584,  nod 

2,  875,  000 
2,771,000 
2,647,000 
3,421,000 
1,  647,  000 
1,  586,  000 

1,  276,  000 
1,101,000 

3,  284,  000 
3,  370. 000 
3,  398, 000 
3, 166,  000 

2,  748,  000 

3,  765,  000 

1.  766,  000 

2,  501,  000 
2,531,000 
2,  397,  000 


Value. 


Lire.1' 
11, 650,  000 
12,  606,  000 
11,  660.  000 
10,  908,  000 
10, 134,  000 
11,451,000 

6.  200,  000 

7,  321,  000 
6,  720, 000 
6,  513, 000 


9.  846,  000 
10,  485,  000 
11,452,000 
10,  697,  000 
10,  017,  000 

13,  010,  000 
6,  335, 000 
6,  141,  000 
4,971,000 
4,  065,  000 

19.  839,  000 
19,301,000 
19,212.000 
17,418,000 

14,  885,  000 
'Jii,  578,  iioo 

9,  630,  000 
13,  987,  000 
14, 176,  000 
12,  845,  000 


EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Kilog. 
14,619.000 
22,  260, 000 
20,  :il9,  ooo 
19, 150,  000 
17,  378,  000 

Lire* 
23,390,000 
30,050,000 
26,414.000 
22.  022,  000 
19,  116,  000 

Cotton,  raw — Cont'd. 
1887 

Kilog. 
13,  126,  000 
13,  289,  000 
15.  869,  000 
18, 119,  000 
18, 297,  000 

Lire* 
15  095  000 

1883 

1888 

1884 

1889 

19, 821.  000 
22,  649,  000 
19, 212,  000 

1885 

1890 

1886 

1891 

COT— VOL  2- 


-21 


*  The  lira  is  19§  cents. 


322         IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 

Impovts  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

1882  . 
1883. 
1884  . 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888  . 
1889. 
1890  . 
1891. 
Yarn— 
1882. 
1883. 
1384. 
1885. 
1886. 


Quantity. 


Met.  centner.* 

776,  710 

1,  039, 156 

948,  629 

873,  331 

975,  660 

1,151,704 

1,039,613 

1,101,096 

1,  226,  395 

1,113,508 

128,  387 
143, 399 

129,  700 
94,  191 

111,  644 


Value. 


Gulden  A  . 

44,  032, 000 
53,  224,  000 
50,  295,  000 
47, 154,  000 

45,  834,  000 
56.  464,  000 
52,  322,  000 
55,  442.  000 
63,  498,  000 
49,  505,  000 

18, 902,  000 
19,  584, 000 
18,  476,  000 

13,  392,  000 

14,  385,  000 


Cotton,  yarn — Cont'd. 

1887 

1888 , 

1889 , 

1890 

1891 

Manufactures— 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 , 

1887 

1888 , 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Met. 


centner. 
110, 061 
98,  356 
111,799 
104, 036 
104,  213 

13,  714 
15, 679 
19,  582 
15,077 
14, 589 
13,314 
9,723 
10,  584 
10,  228 
10,  351 


Value. 


Gulden. 
15, 184,  000 
14, 145,  000 
15,  887,  000 
15, 173,  000 
13, 5.41,  000 

7,502,000 
8,  470, 000 
10,081,000 
7,  624,  000 
6,  975,  000 
6, 376,  000 

4,  648,  000 

5,  040,  000 
5,  017,  000 
5,  263,  000 


'  The  centner  is  123J  pounds.  t  The  Austrian  gulden  is  48  cents. 

EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Met.  centner. 
106,900 
85, 476 
99,  847 
155,  057 
147,  088 
207,  491 
191,148 
229,  246 
175, 135 
58,  735 

Gulden. 
4,  898,  000 
3,465,000 
4,  329,  000 

7,  350,  000 
6,064,000 
9,  291,  000 

8,  698,  000 
10,  324,  000 

8,  021,  000 
1,  728,  000 

Cotton  manufactures — 

1882 

Met.  centner. 
31,616 
40,  042 

36,  277 
35,033 
38,  329 

37,  609 
33,  038 
29, 835 
29,  872 
25, 654 

Gulden. 

7,  889,  000 
9,  886  000 

1883 

1883     . 

1884 

1884  . . . 

8,  715  000 

1885 

1885 

8, 124  000 

1886 

1886 

7, 927.  000 

1887 

1887    .. 

7,  849  000 

1888 

1888  . . . 

7,081  000 

1889 

1889  . . . 

6, 309, 000 
6, 242,  000 

1890 

1890 

1891 

1891  . . 

5, 551, 000 

ROUMANIA. 

IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  yarn: 

Eilog. 

Lei.* 

Cotton  tissues : 

1882 

Kiloij. 

Lei.* 

1882 

1883 

5,  290,  213 

4,  209,  523 
4, 138,  389 

5,  094, 187 
6,391,344 
5,  088,  807 
7,  032,  074 
5,  744,  529 
7,631,870 

24  936  000 

4,004,401 
3,  066,  104 
3,366,514 
3, 985,  328 

3,  948,  008 
4, 170.  855 

4,  775, 122 
i  820,700 
5, 748, 247 

13,180,000 
10, 138,  000 
11,165,000 
13,260,000 
12,738,000 
13,315.1101) 
15,  198,000 
15,434,000 
17, 128,  000 

1884 

ls«4 

1885    .. 

19  273  000 

1885 

1886 

30  189  000 

1886 

1887 1 

1887 

1888t 

1888 

L889  i 

1889 

1890  1 

47,  376,  000 
59, 892,  000 

1890 

1891 1 

1891 

*The  lei  or  piaster  is  19£  cents. 


t  Including  trimmings  and  ribbons  in  these  years. 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

EGYPT. 
IMPORTS. 


323 


Cotton  vara 

1882  .... 

1883  .... 
1884 

1885  .... 
1886 
1887 

1888  .... 

1889  .... 
1890 
1891 


Quantity. 


Not  stated. 


Value. 


«,  Egyp- 
tian* 
149,  318 
191.960 
154.  622 
146,884 
129,  728 
132, 796 
134,  505 
131, 141 
169,  762 
211,715 


Cotton  manufactures 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Not  stated. 


Value. 


*,  Egyp- 
tian.* 
1, 173,  613 
1,861,271 
1,  582.  591 
1,  643,  227 
1,351,314 
1,414,774 
1,  275,  069 
1. 179.  680 
1,504,313 
1,  762,  950 


EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw — 

1882    . . 

£,  Egyp- 
tian.' 
7,  385,  986 

7,  465,  735 

8,  237,  749 
7,  706,  399 
7, 120,  812 

Cotton,  rave— Cont'd. 
1887 

«,  Egyp- 
tian.* 
7,  542,  567 

1883  ... 

1888 

6,  823, 311 

1884     . 

1889 

8,547,716 

1885    . . 

1890 

8, 272,  226 

1886  . . . 

1891 

8, 988, 826 

*  The  Egyptian  pound  is  about  five  dollars. 


CHINA. 

IMPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Picvls* 
178, 478 
211,  306 
187, 105 
131, 405 
94, 382 
173,  728 
156. 579 
113,  545 
149,  562 
110,  618 

H.  taelt.i 
917,  000 
2, 100,  000 
1,  784,  000 
1, 298,  000 
826,  000 
1, 433,  000 
1,513,000 
1, 213,  000 
1, 577,  000 
1, 195,  000 

Cotton  yarn  and  manu- 
factures— 
1882 

Picult.* 

H.  taelt.f 

1883 

22,  707,  000 
22, 047,  000 
22, 141, 000 

1884 

1883 

1885 

1884 

1886 

1885 

31,  494,  000 

1887 

1886 

Not  stated. 

it 
ii 

29, 050,  000 
37, 048,  000 

1888 

1887 

1889 

1888 

44,438,000 

1890 

1889 

36, 136  000 

1891 

1890 

45,  020,  000 

1891 

53,  290,  000 

*  Picul,  13^  pounds. 


t  Haikwan  tael  is  $1.10  gold. 


CHINA  (EXCLUSIVE  OF  HONG  KONG). 

EXPORTS. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

1882 

Picult. 
41,690 
22,  074 
53,  572 
61,850 
47,  572 

R.  Tads. 

404,  000 
241, 000 
615, 000 
717,  000 
523,  000 

Cotton,  raw— Cont'd. 
1887 

Picult. 
69,  227 
202,  546 
504,  420 
298, 887 
S55,  585 

H.  TaeU. 
678,  000 
2,  228, 000 
5, 045,  000 
2,  989,  000 
3,841  000 

1883 

1888 

1884 

1889 

1885 

1890 

1891 

1886 

324        IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 


JAPAN. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
Tarn — 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


Quantity. 


Catties* 

3,  309,  796 
2, 106,  261 

4,  542,  522 
4,309.489 

4,  643,  831 

5,  570,  615 
11,893,267 
23, 168,  094 
26, 084,  345 
50, 128,  750 

25,  297, 100 
24,  640, 624 
21,186,798 
21, 397,  380 
24,  630,  386 


Value. 


Yen 

467, 

248, 

561, 

602, 

618, 

712, 

1,  652, 

3,  464, 

4, 135, 

6,  999, 

6, 562, 
6, 105, 
5, 153, 
5, 190, 
5,  905, 


t 

000 
000 
000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 

,ooo 

,000 

000 
000 
000 

1)111) 

000 


Cotton,  yarn— Cont'd. 

1887 

1888 , 

1889 

1890 , 

1891 

Manufactures — 

1882 

1883 

1884 , 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 


Quantity. 


Catties.* 
33,  296, 530 
47,  484,  304 
42, 878,  812 
31,  976,  521 
17, 436, 962 

Not  stated. 


Value. 


Ten.  t 

8,  235,  000 
13,  662,  000 
12, 593,  000 

9,  988,  000 
5,  673, 000 

4,  219, 000 
2, 785,  000 
2,  468,  000 

2,  872,  000 
2, 293,  000 

3,  383, 000 

4,  700, 000 
4, 672,  000 
4, 132, 000 
3, 428, 000 


*  The  catty  is  1£  pounds. 


t  The  yen  is  $1.04. 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton  during  the  years  1891   and 

1S92. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton. 


Coottn,  raw: 

United  States 

Germany 

British  India 

Egypt 

British  "West  Indies 

Colombia,  Chili,  Brazil,  Peru,  and  Argentine 

Republic 

America,  n.  o.  s 

Other  countries 


Total 


Cotton,  combed,  bleached,  dyed,  etc. 


Cotton  waste: 

United  States 

Germany 

United  Kingdom. 
Other  countries.. 


Total. 
Cotton  wadding. 


Cotton  yarns : 

Single,  unbleached,  to  No.  12  English- 
Germany  

United  Kingdom 

Switzerland 

Other  countries 


Total 


Single,  unbleached,  from  No.  12  to  No.  29— 

Germany 

United  Kingdom 

Switzerland 

Other  countries 


Total 


1892 


Quantities.      Values 


100  kilos. 

296,114 
88,410 

448,  983 
68,  678 
12,  464 

1,738 
112,799 
35, 940 


1,065,126 


11,199 


3,306 
43,  643 
11,  232 
11,111 


69, 292 


Gulden. 
14, 302.  306 

3,961,153 
17,  510,  337 

3,  255,  337 
602, 011 

83,  945 
5,  448, 192 
1,  482, 830 


46,  646,  111 


425,  562 


72, 732 
960, 146 
247, 104 
244,  442 


1, 524,  424 


1,035 


1,147 

338 

35 


2,419 


1,830 

11, 259 

3,737 

250 

17, 076 


62, 100 


C7,  200 

85,  738 

25,  266 

2,617 


180,  821 


136,  335 

838, 796 

278, 407 

18, 626 

1,  272, 164 


1891 


Quantities.      Values 


100  kilos. 

339, 114 

93,  537 

466, 502 

35,  499 

8,050 

2,526 
49,  297 
25,  415 


1,  019,  940 


11,646 


5,155 
43,  967 
18, 035 
14, 765 


81, 922 


776 


897 
875 
152 

85 


2,009 


1,310 

12,  594 

3,039 

184 

17, 127 


Gulden . 
16, 135, 044 

4,  660,  013 
19,  210, 552 

2, 121,  065 
383,  019 

120, 187 
2,  739, 927 
1, 271, 667 


46, 641,  474 


815,  220 


128,  875 

1,099,175 

450,  875 

369, 125 


2, 048,  050 


50,440 


74,541 

72, 713 

12,  631 

7,063 


166,  948 


109, 123 

1,049,080 

253, 149 

15,328 

1, 426,  680 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  325 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY— Continued. 
IMPORTS— Continued. 


1892 

1891 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

i 
Quantities. 

Values. 

( 'ot  t  mi  varus — Continued. 

Single,  unbleached,  from  No.  29  to  No.  50— 

100  kilos. 

1,114 

23,  664 

845 

4,465 

110 

Gulden. 

96,  083 

2,041,020 

72,  881 

385,  106 

9,488 

100  kilos. 

841 

18,  823 

Gulden. 
80,  736 

1,807,  008 

2, 436 
643 

233,  856 

61,  728 

Total           

30, 108 

2,  604, 578 

22, 743 

2, 183,  328 

4,727 

521, 237 

4,109 

496, 212 

Single,  unbleached,  above  No.  60,  under  treaty— 

7,589 

3, 193 

232 

1,  238, 525 

521, 098 

37, 862 

7,688 

3,085 

251 

1,  309,  266 

525,  376 

42, 745 

11,014 

1,797,485 

11,  024 

1, 877, 387 

Double,  unbleached,  of  all  kinds- 

24,  863 
760 
160* 
51 

3, 275, 914 

U8,  034 

28,  540 

7,175 

24,  872 
601 
471 
110 

3,471,642 

84,  788 

62,  096 

13, 175 

Total  ..            

25,  834 

3, 429,  6£3 

26,  054 

3,631,701 



Single,  bleached,  of  all  kinds — 

1,408 

106 

560 

30 

144,  308 
9,829 
56,  053 
2,880 

1,302 
121 
474 

12 

145,  469 

12,748 

51,  034 

1,194 

Total 

2,104 

213,  070 

1,909 

210, 145 

3,766 

536 

1,524 

3,053 

11,902 

66 

1,274 
570 

445, 145 

57,  880 

315,  868 

592, 120 

2,  477, 660 

39, 300 

162,  878 
115,  219 

3,192 

496 

1,398 

3.466 

10,  627 

62 

94 
362 

406,  704 

58,  826 

306,  695 

Cotton  yarns,  prepared  for  retail  business 

704,  832 

2, 429,  333 

42, 160 

Cotton  goods : 

14,  635 

76, 238 

Common,  dyed — 

4 
165 
342 
158 

1,200 
54, 180 

80,  825 
41,  380 

5 

138 

333 

94 

1,434 

39,  578 

95,  361 

27, 101 

Total 

669 

177, 585 

570 

163,  474 

144 

60,  055 

218 

90, 807 

Common,  printed — 

4 

1,279 

243 

63 

1,013 

59 

1,137 

422,  022 

68,181 

22,  027 

324,  209 

19,231 

3 

1,070 

228 

33 

949 

143 

1,143 

381,  627 

82, 103 

11,950 

33S,  626 

53, 024 

Total 

2,661 

856, 807 

2,424 

868,  473 

1,725 

2,140 

77 
23 

608, 657 

992,  550 
62,  268 
9,316 

1,669 

1,607 
66 
25 

624, 374 

Cotton    goods,    fine,    unbleached,   bleached,   dyed, 

856,  350 

53, 249 

10, 743 

201 

175,  760 

338 

202,  500 

326         IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY— Continued. 

IMPORTS— Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton. 


Cotton  laces: 

Germany 

United  Kingdom. 
France 

Other  countries.. 


Total 


Embroidered  cotton  tissues 

Cotton  velvets 

Cotton  ribbons  and  passementerie. 

Knit  goods 

Material  for  buttons 

Cotton  wicks 

Cotton  hose,  nets,  etc 

Cotton  belts 


Total  cotton,  raw 

Total  cotton,  manufactures . 


Total  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  . 


1892 


Quantities.      Values 


100  kilns. 
129 
292 
44 


355 
742 
524 
454 
1 
239 
186 
60 


Gulden. 

205,  600 

554,  800 

83.  600 

18,  050 


862, 050 


653,  524 

296, 648 

202, 000 

544, 800 

110 

29,  875 

37, 100 

21,  600 


68,  535,  595 


1891 


Quantities.      Values 


100  kilos. 

164 

168 

28 

4 


364 


303 
944 
582 
366 
3 
216 
136 
56 


Gulden. 

254,  521 

261,  673 

43,  690 

5,753 


565,  637 


514,  529 

394, 061 

308, 195 

438,  600 

704 

28,  041 

27, 140 

20, 016 


46,  641, 474 
22, 118,  237 


i,  759, 711 


EXPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

10, 181 
9,  228 
2,  071 
650 
5,636 

407.  763 

369, 120 

93,713 

31,395 

271,  809 

5,116 
6,631 
4,704 
977 
2,  022 

245, 117 

Italy                           

317.  691 

225,  369 

46, 808 

96,  865 

27, 766 

1,173,800 

19,  450 

931,  850 

214 

7.276 

425 

14, 858 

Cotton  waste : 

32, 170 
2,781 
2,469 
1,802 

579,  060 
50,  058 
44,  442 
32, 436 

31,  407 
1,795 
3,234 
2,123 

628, 140 
35,  900 

64,  680 

42,  460 

39,  222 

705,  996 

38,  559 

771, 180 

517 

8,488 
201 

17, 061 

543,  232 
14,  673 

302 

8,664 
172 

10, 571 

Yarns: 

589, 152 

13,416 

Single,  bleached— 

2,362 
303 
525 
152 

245,  648 
31,512 
54,  600 
15,  808 

945 

108 

1,177 

292 

103, 895 

11,880 

129,470 

32, 175 

3,342 

347,  508 

2,522 

277, 420 

Single,  dyed — 

817 
382 
212 
228 

109, 478 
51, 188 
28, 408 
30,  552 

744 
294 
300 
148 

105,  577 

Turkey 

41,770 

42, 529 

21, 087 

1,639 

219, 626 

1,486 

210, 909 

SO 
151 

10,720 
24,915 

150 
240 

21, 257 

41, 932 

COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


327 


Imports  and  exports  of  eotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY- Coutinueci. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton. 

1892 

1891 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values, 

Varus— Continued. 
All  other  yarns — 

100  kilot. 

531 

593 

1,094 

481 

Gulden. 
90,  635 
98.  165 
185,510 
82,  895 

100  kilos. 
358 
547 
974 
517 

Gull  en. 
58. 330 

89.  065 

159,  163 

83,  492 

Total 

2, 699 

457, 205 

2,396 

390,  056 

3 

1,500 

10 

6,664 

Cotton  goods : 
Unbleached — 

36 
3 

53 
266 
126 
249 

40 
478 

4,172 

2 

38 

231 

95 

630 
51 
125 

240 

4.900 
30,  030 

12.350 

7.">,  600 

6,120 

16,  410 

348 

6,084 

30, 771 

14.  603 

28,  801 

E<rypt      

4,636 

55,  575 

Total    

1,172 

145, 650 

1,251 

144,990 

Bleached — 

9 
316 
142 
73 
199 
981 
551 

1,326 

896 
159 
210 
201 
298 
360 

144.  050 
25,  440 

28,35  > 
34, 170 

44.7U0 
51,  740 

46,488 

Italy--.                            

20,  872 

10,  679 

29,  254 

144,  501 

81, 456 

Total 

2,124 

328,  450 

'2,271 

334,  576 

Dyed— 

28 

373 

1,061 

504 

551 

1,811 

1,400 

5,600 
82.  060 
180,  370 

100,  800 
104,  690 
217.  980 
286,  720 

2 
139 
545 
176 
201 
1,  238 
768 

407 

Italv 

28,  300 

Turkev 

110,901 

35,  874 

40,  883 

252,138 
156,  285 

Total 

5,128 

978,  220 

3,069 

624,  788 

Colored,  printed,  etc. — 

2,026 

1.913 

982 

1,563 

806 

1,783 

3,186 

550 

385 

855 

1,492 

526.  760 
466,  690 
235,  680 
265,  710 
209,  560 
338,  770 
573,480 
143,  000 

loo, ioo 

220, 300 
385,  960 

1,830 

2,197 
978 

1,449 
616 
460 

2,859 
150 
317 
95« 

2.225 

383,  652 

460.  429 

Italy 

204,  989 

303,710 

129, 176 

96,  479 

599. 288 

31,  440 

Egvpt 

66,464 

Brazil,  Chili,  Peru,  and  Argentine  ^Republic. . 

199,  S12 
466, 085 

Total - 

15.541 

3,466,010 

14, 034 

2,941,524 



211 
17 
162 

8 

321 

13 

271 
46 

60, 380 

8,169 

39,  406 

225 

26 

216 

39,  840 

Curtains  and  goods  for  furniture — 

13.  676 
51,816 

Cotton  goods,  with  metal  threads: 

2,720 
109, 140 

4,420 
92.  140 
15,  640 

2 

188 

1 

52 

164 

760 

71,  326 

434 

19.608 

62.  586 

Total            

659 

224.  061) 

407 

154. 774 

116 

64 

168,  200 

23,  828 

121 
50 

168,  Too 

18.  048 

— 



t 

328 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY— Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton. 


Cotton  velvets: 

United  States 

German  v 

United  Kingdom. 

France 

Italy 

Roumania 

America,  n.  e.  s 

Other  countries . . 


Total 


Cotton  ribbons  and  passementerie 
Material  for  buttons 


Knit  goods : 

United  States. . . 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Turkey  

Other  countries. 

Total 


Cotton  wicks 

Cotton  hose,  nets,  etc. 
Cotton  belts 


Total  cotton,  raw 

Total  cotton  manufactures. 


Total  cotton  and  manufactures  of 9,  697,  211 


1892 


Quantities.      Values 


100  kilos. 
14 
101 
102 
37 
68 
138 
44 
53 


557 


227 
451 


299 
292 
102 
200 
377 


1,  270 


230 

19 

2 


Gulden. 
3,920 
28, 140 
28,  560 
10,  360 
18,  900 
38,  640 
12,  320 
15, 120 


155, 960 


95, 130 
56,  376 


92,  690 
90,  520 
31,  620 
62,  000 

116,870 


393.  700 


25,  905 

3,515 

6S0 


1,173,800 
8,  523, 411 


1891 


Quantities.     Values 


100  kilos. 

171 

156 

133 

89 

31 

35 

2 

180 


797 


474 
611 


204 
230 
114 

275 

785 


1,608 


170 

22 

1 


Gulden. 

40,  920 

37,  368 

31,  944 

21,  240 

7,344 

8,280 

384 

43,  848 


191,  328 


213,  435 
79, 417 


63,  240 
71,331 
35,  371 
85, 126 
243,  288 


498,  350 


20,  424 

4,  440 

504 


931,850 
7,  898,  711 


8,830,561 


GERMANY. 

Imports  into  Germany  of  cotton  and  mamifactures  of  cotton  during  the  years  1S91  and  1892. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891           1892 

Quantity.  Quantity. 

Cotton,  raw : 

700  kilos. 

1,  632,  240 
136,307 
100, 241 
55,  960 
577,  222 
127,  088 

100  kilos. 

1, 572,  994 
43,  555 
100,405 
124,  235 
495,891 
100,  895 

100  kilos.  1  100  kilot. 
641             178 

Total  value  (1,000 

United  Kingdom 

8'               20 

Cotton  yarn : 
Single  thread,  raw — 
Not  above  No.  17,  Eng- 
lish- 
United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

British  East  Indies 

Other  countries 

1  626 

Total 

2,  639,  058 
229, 598 

2,  437, 975 
189,  842 

Total  value  (1,000 

805 

578 '              937 

1 

17,  592 
27,316 
38, 806 
22,  049 
31,  367 
41,  787 

15,  832 
30,  675 
62,  008 
28,  704 
32,  330 
38,  079 

2,204 

1,742 

Above  No.  17  and  not 
above  No.  45 — 
United  Kingdom 

United  Kingdom 

43, 137 

9,572 

854 

Austria-Hungary 

39,  433 

Total 

178,  917 
8,051 

207, 628 
8,305 

554 

Total  value  (1.000 

53,  563 

46,  769 

Above  45  and  not  above 
No.  60— 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

Cotton,  combed,  etc. : 

Austria-Hungary' 

Other  countries 

186 
178 

112 
97 

10, 911 
2,974 

11,  366 

2  907 

Total 

364 

50 

209 
27 

Total   value  (1,000 

13,  885 

14  273 

COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  329 

GERMANY— Continued. 
Imports  into  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  yarn-  Continued. 
Above  60  and  not  above 
No.  79— 
United  Kingdom 

100  kilos. 

5,194 

3,571 

288 

100  kilos. 

6,457 

2,232 

44 

Single  and  double  threads, 

bleached  or  dyed — 

Continued. 

Above  No.  17  and  not 

above  45 — 

United  Kingdom 

100  kilos. 

958 

2.763 

486 

Other  countries 

6GI 

2,533 

653 

Total 

9,053 

8,733 

Other  countries 

Total 

Above  No.  79 — 

1,690 
598 

2,300 
444 

4,207 

3,847 

Above  No.  45  and  not 

United  Kingdom 

232 

37 
195 
110 

252 

Total 

2,288 

2,744 

Above   No.  60  and   not 

77 
127 

459 
107 

2,374 
485 

tained — 

Number  not  ascertained. 

Total  value  single 
and     double 
threads    (1,000 

89 

Other  countries 

1,261 

Total 

566 
17, 431 

2,859 
16, 278 

1,098 

thread    (1,000 

Three  and  more  threads, 
twisted — 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

2,849 
527 

Two  threads,  raw — 
Not  above  No.  17— 

463 

19 

349 

10 

3,363 

714 

3,376 
1,317 

4  077 

Total  value  (1,000 

Total 

482 

359 

1  529 

Double     thread,    twisted 
and  advanced — 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

Above  No.  17  and  not 
above  45 — 

Other  countries 

47, 205 
1,64-1 

45, 201 
1,559 

5,600 
357 

4,691 
417 

Total 

48,  849 

46,  760 

5,957 
2,919 

5,108 

Total  value  (1,000 

13,  580 
289 

13, 153 
504 

2,426 

Above  No.  45  and  not 

Other  yarn,  etc.,  n.  e.  8 

Total  value  yarns 
(1,000  marks) 

Cotton  cloths,  unbleached : 

above  60 — 
United  Kingdom 

225 

530 

Other  countries 

48,019 

Total 

13, 869 

13,  657 

46,  741 

Above  No.  60  and  not 

7,479 
14 

8,063 
25 

277 
18,  702 
17, 671 

241 

United  Kingdom 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

15,  427 
14, 856 

Total 

7,493 

8,088 

36,  650 
8,796 

30, 524 

Total  value  (1,000 

13, 486 
272 

16,  301 
567 

7,326 

Above  No.  79 — 

Tulle— net  lace,  unbleached : 

Other  countries 

Total 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

1,784 
175 

1,552 

Total 

13,  758 

16,  868 

163 

926 

25,  032 

925 
25,  271 

1,959 
4,898 

1,715 

Number     not   ascer- 

Total  value  (1,000 

2,573 

Cloths,    bleached,    stained, 
etc.: 

United  Kingdom 

Other  countries 

Total 

thread    (1,000 

1,904 
396 

Singleand  double  threads, 
bleached  or  dyed — 
Not  above  No.  17 — 

228 
156 
369 
120 

437 

123 

216 

71 

391 

2,  300 
610 

2,324 

Tot.il  value  (1,000 

United  Kingdom 

604 

Other  countries 

426 

271 

392 

Total  value  (1,000 

Total 

873 

847 

239 

330        IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OP  COTTON  AND 

GERMANY— Continued. 
Imports  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cloths,  dyed,  printed,  etc. : 

100  kilos. 
3,842 
2,191 
1,257 

100  kilos. 
3,683 
2,026 
1,057 

Other  loose  tissues,  hleached, 
dyed,  printed,  etc. : 

100  kilos. 
563 
216 
197 

100  kilos. 

290 

Other  countries 

Total 

165 

7,290 
2,041 

6,766 
1,827 

Total  value  (1,000 

976 
468 

941 

.Total  value  (1,000 

442 

463 
370 

382 
306 

Embroideries  and  laces: 

United  Kingdom 

652 
114 
116 
704 
52 

Total  value   (1,000 

136 

587 
51 

177 
96 
80 

115 

159 
80 
94 

139 

Total 

Knit  goods : 

1,638 
5,733 

1,678 

Total  value  (1,000 

4,195 

Fishing  nets 

149 
54 

122 

Total 

468 
445 

472 
425 

Total  value  (1,000 

43 

Total  value  (1,000 

Manufactures  of  cotton  not 
Total  value  (1,000 

241 
85 

4,304 
152 

4,074 
180 

777 
47 

Pumice  cloths,  etc. : 

Total 

Oth«r  countries 

587 
144 

534 
116 

Total 

4,456 
1,961 

4,254 
1,617 

Total  value  (1,000 

731 

77 
1,000  M. 

237,  707 
48,  019 
26, 136 

77 

650 

Total  value  (1,000 

348 

132 

91 

155 

224 

71 

65 

Curtains : 

United  Kingdom 

Total   cotton,    raw,   waste, 

1,000  M. 
198, 194 

46,  741 

Total  manufrs.  of  cotton 

Total 

571 

383 

450 

258 

65 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Total     cotton     and 
manufacturers  of. . 

311,  939 

265, 053 

Exports  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures    of  cotton   during  the   years  1891 

and  1892. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891      1      1892 
Quantity.  Quantity. 

Cotton ,  raw : 

Austria-Hungary 

100  kilos. 

It!)!,  025 

40,  435 

10, 156 

10, 430 

100  kilos. 

169.812 

34, 194 

7,  720 

6,955 

Cotton,  combed,  etc. : 

Austria-Hungary 

Other  countries 

Total 

100  kilos. 
10,356 
3,111 

100  kilos. 
8,  048 
1,821 

13, 467 
1,993 

9,872 

Total  valuo  (1,000 

Total 

224, 046 
19, 492 

218,  681 
17, 276 

1,382 

Total  value  (1,000 

Cotton  wadding: 

Italy 

280 
213 

475 
159 

735 

C«  <ton  wasto : 

15,  550 
22, 470 
40,  234 
21,517 

18,322 
22,  723 
40,  282 
16,  874 

563 

333 

554 

A  nutria-Hungary 

Other  countries 

485 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 

956 

Total 

99, 777 
4,490 

98,  201 
3,928 

1,862 
270 

2,891 

Total  value  (1,000 

463 

COTTON   MANUFACTURES   BY    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES.  331 

GERMANY— Continued. 
Exports  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  rfc-Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 


Cotton  yarn : 
Single  thread,  raw — 
Xot  above  No.  17,  Eng- 
lish- s 

Denmark 

France , 

Netherlands \. 

Austria-Hungary 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


1891 

Quantity 


Above   No.  17  and  not 
above  45 — 

France  

Austria -Hungary 

Switzerland , 

Other  countries '.. 


13,  917 
1,879 


Total 4712 


Above  No.  45  and    not 
above  60— 

France 

Other  countries 


6,  026 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

Cotton  yarn— Continued. 
Single  and  double  thread, 
oleached     or     dyed- 
Continued. 
Above  No.  17    and    not 
above  45 — 

Austria  Hungary 

Turkey 

Other  countries 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


1891 

Quantity 


1892 

Quantity. 


Above  No.  45  and  not 
above  60 

Above  No.  60  and  not 
above  79 

Above  No.  79,  English . . ! 

Total  value,  sin- 
gle and  double 
thread  (1,000 
marks) 


1,102 


Total. 


Above  No.  60  and    not 
above  79 — 

France 

Other  countries 

Total 

Above  No.  79  English. .. 

Total  value  single 
thread 


Two  threads,  raw 

Not  above  No.  17,  Ene- 
Tlish—  6 

Netherlands 

Other  countries...!!! 


Total. 


Above  No.  17  and  not 
above  4.ri — 
Austria-Hungary 
Other  countries  ...! 


3,297 


3.388 


283 


Total. 


Above  No  45  and    not 

above  60  

Above  No.  6o"and"noi, 

above  79 

Above  No  79,  English  !.\ 

Total  value  double 

thread   (1,000 

marks) 

Single  and  double  thread 

o'eacbed  or  dyed ' 

Not  above   No.  17  Enff- 

lish—  6 


439 
12 


nun 

United  Kingdom! 
Italy 


Netherlands 

Austria-Hungary 

Turkey 

Other  countries  . . . 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


3,131 
5,  345 
1,065 
1,841 
1,585 
1.  L'93 
2,624 


16,884 
3,427 


316 


1,867 
4,336 

939 
2,829 
3,262 

928 
3, 119 


Three  and  more  threads 
twisted — 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Austria-Hungary  .!!! 
Other  countries 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks ) , 


4,693 


2,049 
918 


4,729 


Double     thread,    twisted 
and  advanced — 

Italy 

Netherlands 


Austria-Hungary. 
Russia 


Spain 

Other  countries 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


"Vigogne— yarn- 
United'  States , 


United  Kingdom. 
Austria- Hungary 

Switzerland 

Other  countries  ... 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


17,  280 
3,283 


Other  yarn,  etc.,  n.  e.  s 

Total  value  yarns 
(1,000  marks)... 

Cotton  cloths,  unbleached : 

France 

Netherlands !!!!! 

Austria-Hungary ! 

Switzerland !. 

Other  countries 


Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 


30,  266 
4,237 


332 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


GERM  AN  Y— C  ontinued. 
Exports  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 


Tnlle-net  lace,  unbleached. .. 

Total  value  (1,000 

marks) 

Cloths,  bleached,  stained, etc: 

United  States 

Belgium 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Roumania 

Russia 

Switzerland 

Brazil 

Chili 

Peru 

Mexico 

Central    American 

States 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Velvet : 

United  States 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Austria-Hungary 

Sweden 

Spain 

Turkey 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Cloths,  dyed,  printed,  etc: 

United  States 

Belgium 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Austria-Hungary 

Roumania 

Sweden  

Switzerland 

Spain 

Turkey  

Cape  Town 

British  East  Indies  . . . 

Dutch  East  Iudies 

Argentine  Republic . . . 

Brazil 

Chili 

Colombia 

Peru 

Uruguay  

Venezuela 

Mexico 

Central    American 

States  

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Gimps,  galloons,  etc: 

United  States 

France 

United  Kingdom 

NetherlniiiW 

Austria-Hungary 

Switzerland 


1891 

Quantity. 


100  kilos. 
14 


212 

2,499 

1,  928 

1,  532 

1,028 

2,296 

626 

2,398 

720 

111 

125 

95 

116 
4,419 


18, 105 
5,703 


126 
128 
100 
155 
128 
139 
110 
166 


1,730 
1,125 


5,480 
5,153 
9,182 
18,  431 
11,500 
3,458 
9,607 
1,630 
5,711 
1,  435 
4,  584 
1,099 
1,387 
1,064 
9,435 
16,618 
8,048 
1,528 
4,  993 
1,897 
3,  599 
2,375 

2,011 

14,  347 


144,502 
50,  597 


2,714 

1,294 

14, 042 

1,865 

973 

867 


1892 

Quantity. 


100  kilos. 
18 


27 


467 
2,476 
1,479 
1,403 

999 
1,081 

401 
2,514 

694 

777 
99 
83 

62 
4,932 


17,  267 
5,  353 


276 
97 
123 
186 
171 
145 
110 
152 
639 


6,329 

5,629 

9,402 

23, 814 

11,  822 
4,019 

12,  204 
1,916 
6,039 
1,453 
5,632 
1,770 
1,367 

787 

17,345 

23,  659 

19,  434 

1,209 

3,  752 

4,370 

1,145 

1,698 

1,349 

15,  704 


181,  848 
61, 828 


2,  407 
1,073 
It,  539 
1,826 

847 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 


1891 

Quantity. 


Gimps,  etc. — Continued. 

Spain 

Brazil 

Mexico 

Central    American 

States  

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Knit  goods: 

United  States 

Belgium 

Franee 

United  Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Austria-Hungary 

Roumania 

Russia 

Spain 

Turkey  

Briti  sh  East  Indies .. . 

Argentine  Republic  . 

Brazil 

British  North  Ameri- 
can Possessions 

Chili 

Mexico 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Central  American 
States  

British  Australasia  . . 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Cloths,  unbleached,  n.  e.  s  . . 

Total  value  (1,  000 

marks) 

Curtains,  bleached,  etc: 

United  States 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,  000 
marks) 

Other  lace  tissues,  bleached : 

United  States 

Belgium 

Denmark 

United  Kingdom 

A  ust  via-  Hungary 

Sw  eden 

Switzerland 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  countries 

Total 

Total  value  (1,000 
marks) 

Embroideries  and  laces: 

United  States 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Netherlanda 


100  kilos. 
861 


112 
5,595 


29, 156 
18, 951 


31,  759 
1,257 
1,358 
5,139 
8,922 
1,056 
1,465 
854 
1,413 
2,162 
1,214 
2,711 
1,468 

524 

993 
1,166 
827 
741 
582 

585 

908 
4,854 


1892 

Quantity. 


100  kilos. 
331 
543 
172 

84 
5,603 


14 

762  l 
680  I 
479 
400 


2,335 
1,751 


28,  336 
18,418 


44,  591 
1,340 
1,127 
5,907 
3,342 
1,186 
1,091 
98 
916 
2,058 
1,578 
5,195 
2,725 


4,987 
1,143 

579 
1,432 

222 

411 
1,055 
4,575 


65,  958 
42, 873 

86,366 
51, 820 

750 
330 

573 
218 

21 
716 
601 
394 
383 


2,115 
1,163 


595 

1,042 

841 

832 

1,500 

931 

228 

219 

COTTON   MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  333 

GERMANY— Continued. 
Exports  from  Germany  of  cotton  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 


Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 
cotton. 

1891 

Quantity. 

1892 

Quantity. 

Embroideries    and    laces — 
Continued. 

200  kilos. 

359 

104 

181 

1,206 

200  kilos. 

378 

131 

164 

1,425 

Manufactures  of  cotton,  not 
otherwise  specified 

200  kilos. 
364 

260  kilos. 
178 

Brazil 

1,103 

116 

2,000  M. 

26,245 

22, 160 

146,  737 

116 

2,001 

200 
2,000  M. 
23  040 

Total  value  (1,  000 

Total 

5,014 
21,  560 

5,122 
12,  805 

Total  cotton  raw,  waste  and 

Total  value  (1,000 

20,  939 
157, 199 

Total  manufactures  of  cotton . 

309 
124 

536 
209 

Total  value  (1,  000 

Total  cotton  and  man- 

195, 258 

201,  380 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  into  and  from  the  following 

countries,  1891  and  1892. 

UNITED   KINGDOM. 

IMPORTS. 


Articles  and  countries. 

1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton : 
Raw — 

Owts. 

50,  024 

2,012,298 

14, 442,  328 

262, 948 

915,  542 

128,  336 

£ 

119,  270 

6,  468, 985 

36,  578,  788 

681,  005 

1,  891,  270 

341, 401 

Owts. 

6,777 

2, 334,  757 

12, 549,  359 

155.  534 

623,  408 

180, 489 

£ 

14,918 

6,  700,  240 

29, 190, 491 

367,  844 

1, 186,  340 

428, 522 

Total 

17,811,476 

46,  080,  719 

15, 850,  324 

37,  888.  356 

Yarn- 

Pounds. 

8,528,710 

490, 151 

199,  231 

205,  392 

11,703 

439,  818 

33, 746 

10, 158 

20,  691 

486 

Pounds. 

7, 939,  339 

727, 424 

156, 107 

178, 558 

20, 730 

3S9, 876 

49, 174 

7,994 

16,  402 

876 

Holland  

Total 

9, 435, 187 

504,  899 

9, 022, 158 

474, 322 

Waste- 

364,  906 
481, 173 

2, 154,  361 
402,  811 

2,  542.  699 
12,374,611 

1, 061,  960 

1,491 

4,322 
23, 358 

2,448 
32,  709 
69, 034 
10, 772 

264,212 
781,885 

2,513,547 
512, 140 

3,446,  190 
10,  413,  600 

1, 847,  551 

1,129 
6,443 
25,  276 
2,209 
41,478 
59,  839 
25, 113 

Total 

19,  382,  521 

144, 134 

19,  779, 125 

161,487 

Manufactures — 
Piece  goods — 
Muslins — 

Yard*. 

244, 379 
42,  868 

4,128 
715 

Yards. 
426,  241 
70,  539 

8,329 
1,373 

Total 

287, 247 

4,843 

496,780 

9,702 

334 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

IMPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1892 

Articles  and  countries. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton — Continued. 

Manufactures — Continued. 
Piece  goods— Continued. 
Other  than  muslins — 

lards. 

1, 462, 085 

3,441,065 
16, 932, 089 
13, 036,  270 

2,010,110 
955,  984 

£ 

34,  387 
66, 158 
347,  772 
191,982 
60, 979 
16,  544 

Tardt. 

1,  824,  779 
3, 841,  793 
18,  836, 180 
13, 444,  083 
1, 357,  618 
593,  964 

£ 

43,  512 

Holland 

83,  786 

378,411 

197,  089 

British  Possessions 

33,  582 
13,  740 

Total 

37,  837, 603 

717,  822 

39, 898,  417 

750, 120 

Hosiery— 

55,  301 

336, 284 

30, 124 

72,  687 

Holland 

345, 405 

23,  206 

Total    .                 

421,  709 

441,  298 

Unenumerated — 

454,  277 
653,  678 
253, 403 
193, 267 

622, 185 

Holland 

606,  520 

205,  563 

177,  023 

Total                       

1,  554,  625 

1,611,291 

Total  cotton  and  mannfac- 

49, 428, 751 

41, 336,  576 

EXPORTS. 


Cotton  yarn  and  twist : 
Gray- 
To  Russia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Denmark 

Germany 

Holland 

Belgium 

France 

Spain 

Italy 

Austrian  Territories 

Greece 

Bulgaria 

I ;  1 1 1 1 1 1 1  .i  n  i  .i 

Turkey  

Egypt 

Java 

Other  Dutch  Possessions  in  India. 

Philippine  Islands 

China 

Japan  

United  States:  Atlantic 

Central  America 

Brazil 

Other  foreign  countries 

Total  to  foreign  countries 

To  Mai ta 

Britisli  East  Indies: 

Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras 

Bengal  and  Hurniah 

Straits  Settlements 

Ceylon 


Pounds. 
1,479,400 

4,  570,  300 

5,  235,  600 
30, 094, 400 
31,820,800 
11,310,500 
14.  102,  700 

334,  000 
1,940,-000 

3,  368,  300 
1,171.800 

435,  500 
8,  638,  800 
23,  898,  608 

4.  680;  600 
716,  600 
304, 100 
424,300 

4,  687,  700 
14,  803,  700 
707,  800 
423,  700 
630,  000 
579,  500 


165,  588,  600 


771,  000 

10,  203.  800 
8, 145, 900 
8.397,000 

1,  698,  400 
79,300 


£ 

98, 169 

170,  238 

169,  270 

1,572,467 

1, 429,  359 

587, 210 

733,  785 

18,  231 

93,  623 

163,411 

44,933 

17,905 

334, 731 

823,  869 

150,  506 

26, 625 

11,482 

17, 967 

167,  471 

644.  322 

70,  672 

13,  259 

26, 462 

21,918 


7, 407, 945 


23, 574 

396,  552 

328,  693 

354, 417 

64,151 

3,299 


Pounds. 
634, 100 

4,  658,  600 

5,  996, 100 
29,  740,  600 
35,  565, 800 

8, 475,  400 

9,  689,  500 

371,  800 

1,  003, 100 

2,  913, 400 
1, 257,  800 
1,  216,  400 
9, 187,  800 

25, 734,  300 

3,  707, 100 
375, 400 


285,  800 
2, 458,  300 
23, 327,  900 
831,800 
422, 200 
590,  100 
832,  000 


665,  200 

8,  087,  900 
4,918,300 
4,  787,  300 
1,  022.  200 
58,  300 


£ 

47,  873 
149,  870 
173,  550 
1, 460,  893 
1, 438,  693 
435,  903 
498, 355 

19,  779 

49,  854 
121, 155 

44,  235 

41,214 
323,091 
864,  295 
113,  539 

11, 110 


9.699 
31,  620 
835,614 
68,310 
11,584 
24,  222 
30,  75£ 


169,185,300    6,855,215 


20,331 

269,  996 
172, 180 
185,  508 
33,128 
1,852 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY   FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  335 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 
EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


1891 


Quantity. 


Value. 


1892 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Cotton  yarn  and  twist — Continued. 
Grav — Continued. 

To  Hongkong 

British  North  America 

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  to  British  Possessions 

Total 

Bleached  and  dyed — 

To  Russia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Denmark 

Germanv 

Holland' 

Belgium 

France 

Italy 

Austrian  Territories 

Greece 

Rouraania 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Java 

Other  Dutch  Possessions  in  the  Indian 

seas 

Philippine  Islands 

United  States 

Central  America 

Brazil 

Other  foreign  countries 

Total  to  foreign  countries 

To  Malta 

British  "West  Africa 

British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras 

Bengal  and  Burmah 

Straits  Settlements 

Ceylon 

Hon  Kong 

British  North  America 

Other  British  Possessions 

Total  to  British  Possessions 

Total 


Cotton  manufactures : 

Piece  goods,  unbleached — 

To  Germany 

Holland" 

Belgium 

France 

Portugal,  Azores  and  Madeira 

Italy 

Greece 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Java 

China 

Japan  

Central  America 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries 

Total  to  forsign  countries  . . 


Pounds.  £ 

8,247,400  283,770 

171.600  I  7,226 

82,700  i  3,271 


Pounds. 
5,  923, 200 
336, 100 
131, 700 


37.797,700  \     1,464,953 


25, 930, 200 


203,380,300       8,872,898 


195,115,500 


494, 400 
486, 400 
461,  400 
315,  300 
599.  100 
306,  200 
745,  500 
674, 700 
462, 300 
362.  600 
780,  800 
4,  754,  900 
2, 133, 100 
526, 700 

427, 100 
734,  400 
429,  300 
394,  800 
5G8.  300 
907,  800 


43, 396 
23,  603 
19. 193 
22, 897 
29,  340 
23,  260 
49,  808 
33, 798 
29,  492 
18,095 
35,721 
221,  238 
95, 190 
24,597 

22,219 
48, 419 
35, 175 
20, 295 
28,  730 
47,  296 


389,  000 
524,800 
541,  COO 
231, 400 
504,  400 
224,000 
576,  900 
550,  500 
225, 800 
337,  600 
316,900 
4,120,100 
1,379,100 
392,  200 

132.  900 
1, 094,  800 
470,  900 
370,  700 
527,  500 
1,  277,  000 


16, 565, 100 


203, 300 
219,  900 

6,  965, 300 

6,  262.  500 

10, 015,  700 

1,  284,  300 

90,  700 

68. 100 

140,  400 

57, 100 


870,  762 


14, 187,  700 


7,181 
13, 147 

371,  792 

384, 100 

563, 721 

70,  951 

5,026 

3,613 

10,  952 

3,205 


170,  500 
191,  500 

6, 437, 900 
5,  543, 800 
9,  730,  000 
1, 440,  900 
95,300 


190, 000 
121,  300 


25,307,300  ,     1,433,688 


41,  872, 400  ,    2,  304, 450 


8,  905, 400 
14, 052,  600 

35,  665,  600 

10,  766,  800 
13,601,600 
15,  209,  300 

11,  623,  600 
\i'\  859,  200 

70,  944, 800 

15,  527,  400 
282,163,200 

36,  244, 400 
15, 823, 500 

16,  679,  600 
131,232,200 


109, 141 
138, 403 
444, 116 
221,813 
111,648 
116,  992 
126,  127 

1.426.320 
543, 882 
121,815 

2,  826,  084 
352,  732 
130,  924 
165.  205 

1, 200, 880 


23,  921,  200 


9,  775,  600 

18,  683,  400 

24,  668,  300 

7, 901, 000 

6,  665, 100 

11,  302,  700 

8,  610,  000 

138,  385.  900 

52,172,  300 

16,  848.  400 

285, 837,  700 

42,991,300 

11, 155,  900 

28,  383,  200 

161,  515, 200 


834,299,200  |  8,036,082   824,896,000 


£ 

179.  402 
13, 180 
4,700 


880,  272 


7, 735, 485 


34, 423 
42.  647 
19.  977 
16, 529 
23,  059 
17,  034 
39, 184 
26, 274 
27, 321 
14,  529 
13,979 
177,  260 
58,060 
17, 131 

6,836 
67,  215 
41,448 
17,  576 
24, 235 
50,  746 


715,  463 


6,373 
9,881 

315,  309 

313,461 

498,  087 

73, 183 

5,079 


13,  674 
7,356 


1, 242,  403 


38,108,900  |   1,957,866 


102,  277 

173,  260 

342, 729 

107,  588 

49,  870 

99, 791 

87,914 

1,261,513 

379.  461 

122,205 

2, 616, 997 

364, 371 

85,899 

253,  331 

1,  307, 641 


7,354,846 


336 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 
EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


1891 


Quantity.  Value 


1892 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Cotton  manufactures— Continued. 

Piece  goods,  unbleached — Continued. 

To  Western  Africa  (British) 

British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras 

Bengal  and  Burmah 

Straits  Settlements 

Ceylon 

Hong  Kong  

Other  British  Possessions 


Total  to  British  Possessions. 


Piece  goods,  bleached — 

To  Germany 

Holland 

France  

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira 

Italy 

Greece 

Roumania 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Morocco 

Java 

Philippine  Islands 

China 

United  States 

Foreign  West  Indies 

Mexico 

Central  America 

United  States  of  Colombia 

Venezuela 

Peru 

Chile 

Brazil 

Uruguay 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries 


Total  to  foreign  countries  . 


Pounds, 
17, 419,  800 

358,  698,  300 
65, 198.  800 

741,  830,  700 
45, 470.  100 
9,  555,  000 
60, 029,  900 
44, 163,  500 


144, 185 

3,  078,  333 
615,  593 

6,  292, 467 
384.  520 
103,  068 
588,  836 
515,  042 


Pound*. 
9, 814,  600 

322,  291, 600 
63,  886, 700 

747, 137,  600 

50, 064,  700 

8,  318,  400 

49,  315, 100 

41,  592,  900 


82,  541 

2,  487,  586 
547,  023 

5, 771,  292 

377,  862 

79,  536 

435, 001 

445,  526 


1,  342,  372, 100 


11, 722, 044 


1,292,421,600 


10, 226,  367 


Total 2,176,671,300 


To  Western  Africa  (British) 

British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras 

Bengal  and  Burmah 

Straits  Settlements 

Hong  Kong 

Victoria 

British  West  India  Islands  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana 

Other  British  Possessions 


Total  British  Possessions 


Total. 


Piece  goods,  printed- 

To  Germany  

Holland 

Belgium 

France 

Italy 

Greece 

Roumania 

Turkey 


Egypt 

Western  Africa  (foreign) 

Persia 


19,  758, 126 


2, 117,  317,  600 


17,581,213 


7,  595,  800 
11,  660, 700 

6,783,100 
24.  884,  900 

14,  663, 400 
10,  363,  600 
12, 922,  200 
80,  240, 600 
61,  367, 500 
31,  757,  500 
45.  445, 100 
16,  853,  500 
79,  570,  600 
16, 190,  300 
35, 888,  700 
21,  963, 100 

15,  090, 100 
24,  549, 700 
19,  580,  900 
10,  406,  200 
21,886,300 
60,  298,  800 

8,  500,  900 
19, 144,  700 
66, 149, 100 


723, 757,  300 


11,953,500 

175,  830,  600 
17,  476.  300 

168, 552,  200 

41,  450,  500 

41,  065,  300 

8, 495, 500 

16,  754,  300 
51,417,500 


108,  684 
152, 479 
114,  650 
252,  806 
189,  020 
118.  606 
146,  597 
773.  259 
588, 869 
318,  573 
551,  445 
158,  371 
838, 140 
322,  943 
326,  667 
235, 214 
145,  349 
232, 144 
187,  384 
112  496 
208,  587 
526, 119 

109,  003 
225,  780 
733,  478 


6,  582, 800 
12, 546,  800 

4,  412,  500 
14, 744, 400 
11,388,100 

6,  764, 700 

6,  966,  700 
70,  837, 400 
50,  448, 100 
33,  889,  800 
40,  286, 100 
20, 534,  500 
63,  814,  000 
16,460,600 
32,  067,  900 
14,  949,  400 
10, 835,  700 
21,  868, 800 

7, 177,  300 

7,  758,  700 
42, 470,  500 
78,110,900 
10,  898,  800 
36,  538,  900 
56,  406, 900 


7,  676,  663 


678,  766,  300 


140,  074 

1,  609, 143 
192,  075 

1,  685,  228 
440,814 

476,  281 
140,  284 

180, 467 
714, 404 


8, 733, 200 

192,  923,  700 
15,  720,  900 

186,  032, 600 

36,  718,  000 

27, 168, 800 

5,  309, 200 

18,  336,  000 
42,010,700 


532, 995,  700   5,  578,  770 


532,  953, 100 


1, 256, 753,  000  13, 255,  433 


1,211,719,400 


12, 929,  000 
11, 724,  300 
6,  240, 600 
8, 868,  700 
15,  499,  900 
7, 920,  600 
10, 624,  300 
90,421,200 
21,202,800 

10,  870,  200 
15, 061, 800 


178, 914 
184,  443 
100, 594 
183,  867 
253,  846 
102,  351 
134,  897 
1,141,938 
278,  443 
212,  592 
191,  711 


13, 702, 100 
9,  786, 300 

7,  7:;l',  kio 
5,  441,  300 

12,221,700 
5,  630,  800 

8,  600,  900 
95,  339, 000 
20,  040,  900 
14, 100,  200 

8,  002,  400 


92, 182 
155, 172 

85,  354 
122,  711 
140,  971 

78,  591 

72,  968 
698, 484 
455,  210 
321,216 
483,  010 
170,  281 
649,  747 
312,  096 
277,  022 
152,  642 

98,  378 
197, 184 

67,  707 

78,  458 
408,  996 
667,  027 
126,  632 
449,  903 
608,  616 


6,  970,  558 


100,  757 

1,  614,  962 
168,  580 

1,  687,  681 

360.  229 

282,  755 

83, 505 

185, 806 
561,  379 


5,  045,  654 


12, 016,  212 


187,818 
148,  674 
121, 907 
114,  294 
200,  213 
69,064 
105,  608 
1. 089,  420 
254,  678 
178,  945 
96, 252 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


33' 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Cotton  manufactures— Continued. 
Piece  goods,  printed — Continued. 

To  Java 

China 

United  States 

Foreign  West  Indies 

Mexico  

Central  America 

United  States  of  Colombia 

Venezuela 

Peru 

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries  . .  - 


1S91 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
64,825,500 
21,948,400 
8,531,400 

26,  255,  300 
12,  226,  300 
15,  894,  000 

27,  773, 100 
15,027,600 

9, 397,  500 
85,943,000 
22,702,  M)0 
63,  437, 800 


Total  to  foreign  countries 597,334,700 


To  Western  Africa  (British)  

British  Possessions  in  South  Africa. 
British  East  Indies- 
Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras  

Bengal  and  Btirmah    

Straits  Settlements 

Australasia — 

Victoria 

New  South  Wales 

Xew  Zealand 

British  North  America 

British  West  India  Islands  and  Brit- 
ish Guiana. 
Other  British  Possessions 


Total  to  British  Possessions. 
Total 


Piece  goods,  dyed  or  manufactured  of  dyed 
yarn — 

To  Sweden  and  Norway 

Germany 

Solland 

Bel  gin  m 

Prance 

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira 

Italy 

Turkey 

Western  Africa  (foreign) 

Java 

Philippine  Islands 

China 

Japan  

United  States 

Foreign  West  Indies 

Central  America 

Chili 

Brazil 

A  rgentdne  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries 


Total  to  foreign  countries 

To  Western  Africa  (British) 

l  utish  jFcsseaeicns m Scuth  Africa. 
British  East  Indies — 

Bombay  and  Scinde 

Madras 

Bengal  and  Bunnah 

Ilong  Kong 

Australasia — 

Victoria 

New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

British  North  America 

British    West    India    Islands     and 

British  Guiana 

Other  British  Possessions 


Total  to  British  Possessions  . 
Total 

-99 


22,  454,  700 

10, 198, 400 

104,  977,  900 
18,  347, 200 
50,421,400 
16, 896,  300 

13,211,400 
11,438,000 
6,314,800 

14, 516,  700 
13, 829, 400 

18, 203, 100 


Value. 


£ 
637, 235 
259,  259 
150,224 
257,591 
131,910 
162, 113 
278, 190 
150.  450 
112,  506 
1,  084.  641 
262,643 
747, 724 


7, 204.  0S2 


1892 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 
53,  528,  500 
23,733,500 

9, 574, 300 

25,  413.  800 

10,  742,  900 

10,  734.  300 

23,  611,  500 

6, 479,  000 

7, 635,  700 

124,459,700 

48, 105, 100 

01',  782,  000 


637,  404,  000 


306,  757 
148,  895 

1,  027, 925 
194, 795 
623,  308 
182,  800 

249,  700 
186, 869 
108, 802 
199,  320 
157, 275 

250, 209 


306,809,300       3,636,615 


23,206,500 

12, 415,  S00 

124,  682,  800 
10, 316,  300 
50, 176, 400 
16,  305,  200 

10, 137, 900 
9, 960, 700 
7, 570, 000 
14, 022,  900 
15, 486,  500 

16, 773, 700 


Value. 


£ 

536, 000 
270, 985 
170, 165 
234,  907 
112,157 
105,  489 
227,253 
66, 000 
89, 312 

1,479,877 
540,  399 

1, 006,  545 


7.  400.  702 


311,  054,  700 


904. 144,  0U0 


5, 635,  600 
10, 063,  300 
10,  298,  000 

7,  911,  800 
7, 123, 300 

8,  037,  700 
8,350,700 

19,732,200 

17,  836,  000 
13, 120,  800 

9,  073,  300 
39,  228,  600 
13, 883,  300 
26, 220,  000 
10,  669,  300 

8,642,300 
8,656,200 
L'li,  602,  200 

18,  323,  700 
62, 232, 900 


334.  641,  200 


19,  630.  000 
11,  367, 100 

51,936,700 

13,589,700 

63, 532, 10b 

7, 398, 400 

15, 641,  200 
12,621,300 
6,407,800 

7, 752,  700 

9, 500,  800 
20, 846, 000 


240,22  :,800 
57 1.  8657000 


10,  840,  697 


101,  337 
195,  058 
199, 425 
176, 215 
189,  529 
100,047 
163,277 
274,  205 
207,  203 
150,  067 
121,846 
610, 040 
207, 104 
756.  280 
117,  313 
118, 609 
100,  586 
382,312 
243,857 
881, 854 


301,  219 
211,  514 

592, 722 
163, 493 
663,  193 
115,931 

272, 691  | 
213, 448 
120, 462 
180, 751 

121,  818 
322, 229 


3,  279,  771 
8,576,004 


948,  45S,  700 


5,  622.  500 
8,236,800 
9,  613,  900 
7, 906,  300 

5,  989.  700 

6,  152  600 

7,  299,  900 
18,  403, 100 
12,161,300 

8, 264,  700 
6,685,  100 
38.  527.  ouo 
16,  616,  700 
30,423,300 
12.  000.  400 
5,615,500 
25,  881,  200 
45.  765,  600 
29,783,500 
58, 060, 200 


359, 105, 300 


12,881,  LOO 

11,  242,  500 

65, 144, 100 

8,  200,  800 
04,35s,  7(io 
6, 880,  000 

12,  559. 400 
10, 642, 400 

6,  688,  500 
9, 152,  700 

10,  235, 100 
18,  415. 200 


230,  400,  500 


595,  505,  800 


311,319 
181,283 

1, 102, 984 
10S,  530 
507, 481 
175, 832 

183,  576 
152.  649 
129, 957 
202.  618 
173,  690 

217, 298 


10.  853.  919 


98.  739 
149,  045 
183, 43C 
174,503 
154,  387 

71,488 
138, 497 
243, 092 
136,226 

98,169 

84,474 
573, 174 
252.  8.s3 
872,847 
124.752 

69,  294 
276, 270 
530, 703 
393,  720 
775, 940 


188,263 

208,  644 

614,347 

87.5H0 
604  592 
108,  949 

208, 106 
176, 812 
118,  761 
198,  289 

126, 861 
269, 431 


2, 910,  555 


8,  312, 188 


COT — VOL  2- 


338 


IMPOETS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

UNITED  KINGDOM— Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


1891 


Quantity.  Value 


1S92 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Cotton  manufactures— Continued. 

Piece  goods  of  mixed  materials,  cotton  pre- 
dominating— 

To  Turkey 

United  States 

Cliina 


Pounds. 
13,  900 
28,  500 


180 
1,537 


Pounds. 
5, 000 

24, 300 
75, 000 


Total  to  foreign  countries . 

Lace  and  patent  net — 

To  Germany 

Belgium 

France 

United  States 

Brazil 

Other  foreign  countries 


104,  300 


Total  to  foreign  countries 


To  British  Possessions  in  South  Africa 

British  East  Indies 

Australasia- 
Victoria 

New  South  "Wales 

British  North  America 

Other  British  Possessions 


Total  to  British  Possessions 
Total 


Hosiery — 

Stockings  and  socks — 

To  United  States 

Chili 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries 


Total  to  foreign  countries. 


To   British    Possessions   in 

Africa 

British  East  Indies.  

Australasia- 
Victoria 

New  South  Wales 

Queensland 

Other  British  Possessions 


South 


Total  to  British  Possessions 
Total 


Hosiery  of  other  sorts — 

To  United  states 

United  States  of  Colombia 

Chili 

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  counl rles  ... 


219, 950 
115,  529 

79,  825 
562, 467 

81,  977 
360,  396 


1,  420, 144 


25,  264 
25,  513 

62,  851 

61.452 

148,  638 

109, 105 


432,  823 


Dozen  pairs. 
68, 036 
77. 157 
101,  356 
89, 090 


1, 852,  967 


24,  916 
9,502 
13,  736 

22,  874 


Dozen  pairs. 

59, 629 

188,  972 

146, 847 

77, 297 


335,  639 


71,  028 


472,  745 


98,  436 
94,  820 

210,379 

245,  020 

57,  479 

172,  239 


24,545 
21,  239 

57,  885 
75, 969 
18,  268 
47,  795 


83,  551 
81,  605 

156,  771 

140,  352 
47,  605 

141,  422 


878,  373 


245, 701 


651,  306 


1,  214,  012 


316,  729 


1, 124,  051 


36,  785 
9,046 
7,888 
5,  239 
9,396 

57, 130 


Total  to  foreign  countries 


To  Western  Africa  il'.iitisli) 

Britisli  East  Indies 

Australasia- 
Victoria  

New  South  Wales 

<  ither  colonies 

Britisli  North  America 

British      West       India      Islands 

Bril  tan  '  ruiana  

Other  British  Possessions 


ami 


Total  to  I'.ritish  Possessions. 
Total 


125,  484 


52 
1,100 

859 


2,011 


183,  812 
165,401 
123,  540 
723,020 

97, 864 
400,  094 


1,  693,  731 


26,  015 
37, 322 

42, 472 
45,  210 
164,  440 
91,  215 

406,  674 


2, 100, 405 


18,  391 
22,  811 
18,  910 
19, 879 


79,  991 


20,  075 
18,  708 

44,  273 
40, 122 
14,  727 
36,  738 


174,  643 


254,  634 


34,  091 
7,296 

20,  508 
8, 037 

19,  933 

44,784 


134,049 


7,  053 
25, 916 

10, 083 

8,953 

12,  639 

18,544 

16,  977 

13,229 


239,876 


6,  322 
25, 802 

7,340 

5,930 

8, 192 

18,119 

16,091 
15, 653 


104,  049 
238,  698 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


339 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufacture*  of  cotton,  ttc. — (r>utiiiu.«d. 

UNITED  KINGDOM— Continud. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Cut  ton  manufactures— Continued. 
Thread  for  sewing: 

To  Russia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Germany  

Holland' 

Belgium 

Spain  and  Canaries 

Austrian  Territories  .  -  - 

United  States 

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 
Other  foreign  countries. 


Total  to  foreign  countries 


To  British  East  Indies- 
Bombay  and  Scinde  — 
Bengal  and  Burmah  ... 
Straits  Settlements  — 

Hongkong 

Australasia — 

Victoria 

Kew  South  Wales 

British  North  Amerioa  — 

Other  British  Possessions  . 


Total  to  British  Possessions. 


Total . 


Other  manufactures  uuennnierated — 

To  Russia 

Germany 

Holland 

Belgium 

France 

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira 

Spain  and  Canaries 

Italy 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Western  Africa  (Foreign) 

China 

United  States 

Foreign  West  Indies 

Mexico 

Central  America 

United  States  of  Colombia 

Chile 

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  foreign  countries 


Total  to  foreign  countries 


1S91 


Quantity.  Value 


Pounds. 
1,  582, 500 

544, 900 
1, 182,  400 

753,  000 

738, 400 
1,301,500 
1,  lot,  Clio 

984,  800 
1,198,400 

559,  000 
4, 858,  700 


14,  860.  400 


290,  200 

499,  900 

301,400 

95,  900 

306, 500 
399,  300 
613,900 
637, 100 


3,  204,  200 


18,  070,  600 


To  Western  Africa  (British) 

British  Possessions  in  South  Africa. 

British  Bast  Indies- 
Bombay  and  Soinde 

Bengal  and  Burmah 

Straits  Settlements 

Australasia — 

Victoria 

New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

British  North  America 

Other  British  Possessions 


£ 
350,215 
112,809 
243,  550 

108, 387 
114,021 
•Jllo,  444 
226,646 
1  in.  903 
247,507 
115,786 
847, 895 


2,  774, 163 


480,  030 


3,  254, 193 


Total  to  British  Possessions. 
Total 


Total  cotton  and  manufactures  of. 


22,  007 
39,373 

33,  753 

47,  088 
54,  872 
21,  761 

23.  442 
46,  675 

US. 'J  19 

34,  268 
30,388 
53,  612 

272.  102 
52,  247 

48,  592 
42,  014 
42.  601 
33,  358 
98,  407 
45,280 

241,  065 


1892 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 

1,  151,700 
645,  300 

1,334,900 
481,200 

007,  000 

072.  000 

1,  172,900 

817,900 
1,  349,  400 

608,  8oo 

4,515,000 


13,417,300 


262, 400 
481,  800 

319.000 

80,  Ooo 

325,  800 
171.200 
480,  100 
595, 100 


2.  752,000 


16,169,300 


Value. 


234, 073 
125,826 
227,  405 
75,481 
113,  577 
108,  921 
250,  960 
117,280 
205,  021 
L32,  199 

801',  710 

2, 454, 059 


34,  784 
03,981 
48,  108 

19,  187 

51,574 
32,186 
03,  591 
100,  081 


413,492 
2,  807,  551 


1,  401,  242 


22,  265 
120,  217 

69,  058 
107,710 
43,  549 

81,  209 
71,  699 
25,312 
57,  043 
135,  210 


733,  272 


2, 134,  514 


71,407,604 


14,  906 
32, 190 
34, 104 
39,  093 
28,  741 
16,  061 
20,  734 
32. 470 
114,828 

34,  747 
20,701 
41,531 

286,612 
47, 186 
41,  894 
27, 176 

35,  076 
81,  955 

103,  766 
107,420 
217,  760 

1,  379,  011 


13,  862 
125,  731 

57, 558 
79, 350 
37, 859 

58, 186 
52,  918 
29,  997 

75.551 
128,  644 


659, 626 


65,  958, 819 


340 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  und  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

JAPAN. 
IMPORTS. 


1S92 

1891 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

( treat  Britain do  — 

United  stairs do 

32, 721, 498 

38, 101 

9, 185,  290 

36. 702,  684 

Silver  yenA 
4,820,072 

5,636 
1, 435,  862 
4,  765,  067 

36, 592, 406 

50, 183, 891 

6, 160,  340 

899,  081 

Silver  yen. 

6, 052,  048 

7,  806,  000 

1,  273,  421 

163,  429 

Total  

78,  647,  573 

11,  026, 637 

93,  835,  718 

15,  294,  898 

CottOD,  on  the  seeds : 

From  China catty . . 

33, 461, 080 
1,  239, 567 

1,  243,  847 
54, 170 

21, 152,  494 
843,  564 

816,  335 

40,  338 

Total 

34,  700,  647 

1,  298, 017 

21,  990,  058 

856,  673 

Cotton  handkerchiefs: 

Switzerland do 

Other  countries do 

81, 052 

283, 550 

18,  266 

15, 205 

60, 502 

116,  987 

12, 104 

9,337 

13,  267 

257, 018 

28,  387 

7,196 

9,833 

127, 198 

22,  613 

4,975 

Total 

398, 073 

198, 930 

305,  868 

164, 619 

Cotton  velvets: 

From  Great  Britain yards.. 

Other  countries do 

3, 252,  377 
84,  321 

550, 701 
27, 673 

2, 587, 956 
51,  678 

470,513 
19, 152 

Total 

3,  336, 698 

578, 374 

2,  639,  634 

489,  665 

Cotton  drills: 

From  Great  Britain yards . . 

Other  countries do 

1, 159, 110 
3,462 

127,145 
347 

524,  348 
3,877 

64,299 

•   505 

Total 

1, 162,  572 

127, 492 

528,  225 

64  804 

Cotton  satins,  not  exceeding  40-inch  : 

From  Great  Britain yards . . 

Other  countries do 

4,173,705 
70,  239 

516, 777 
6,682 

6, 126,  366 
50, 117 

834,  6S2 
7,770 

Total 

4, 243,  944 

523  459  '        fi  I7fi  dsa 

842, 452 

'       ' 

Cotton  threads: 

From  Great  Britain catty.. 

144, 188 
7,492 

112, 477 
8,274 

145,  855 
1,103 

114, 120 

2,007 

Total 

151,  680 

120, 751 

146,  958 

116, 127 

Cotton  yarn : 

From  British  India catty.. 

Great  Britain do 

8, 258,  369 

16, 048,  337 

1,785 

1, 814, 393 

5,  316,  682 

905 

4,  865,  040 

14,  527,  812 

12, 300 

1.  243, 163 

6, 033,  005 

8,074 

Total 

24, 308,  491 

7, 131,  980 

19,  405, 152 

7  284  "4'' 

21,  005,  640 

25, 113, 480 

*The  catty  is  equal  to  1J  pounds. 

EXPORTS. 


t  The  yen  is  equal  to  $1.04. 


I  lot  ton,  rau  : 

'In  I  mva catty.. 

Other  countries do 

Total 

Cotton  yam 

To  China catty.. 

Other  countries do.... 

Total 


240,318 
3,759 

Silver  yen. 

51,  697 

815 

338, 414 
5,  658 

Silver  yen. 
74,394 

1,219 

244,  077 

52,512 

344,  072 

75, 613 

671 
32,  083 

147 
7,573 

205.117 
50, 876 

48,  492 
10,  684 

32, 754 

7,720 

315, 993 

59, 176 

COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


341 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

JAPAN — Continued. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


1892 

1S91 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  undershirts  and  drawers: 

To  British  ludi.i dozen.. 

4,020 

9,898 

22, 913 

4'23 

Silver  yen. 

6,697 

14. 103 

32,404 

805 

42,  416 
9,185 

42,257 
2,447 

Silver  yen. 

56,  756 

15,971 

55,  603 

3,940 

Total 

37,254  !          54,009 

96,  305 

132, 270 

Cotton  flannels: 

Other  couii  tries do 

45, 259 
27, 432 
1,180 

62, 815 
41,  073 

130,  698 
55,  592 
2,068 

196, 718 

80,  222 
4,211 

Total 

73,871           106,100 

188, 358 

281, 151 

Cotton  piece  goods,  other: 

To  British  India piece.. 

linn-  Kong do 

Other  countries do  ... 

77,  786 

325,619 

83, 129 

57, 094 
91,089 
215, 359 
74,  380 

234,  063 
177,  433 
500,  442 
114, 795 

218,  849 
140.  '.176 
350,  730 
117,  837 

Total 

623, 039 

437,  922 

1, 026,  733 

828,  392 

658, 263 

1, 376,  602 

CHINA. 

IMPORTS. 


Cotton,  raw piculs * . . 

Manufactures — 

Shirtings pieces.. 

Drills do 

Jeans do 

Sheetings do 

T-eloths do 

Yarn piculs. . 

All  other 


Total. 


Total  cotton  and  manufactures  of. 


1891 


Quantity,     i      Value. 


110, 618 


H.  taelsA 
1, 195,  262 


9,  035,  410 

1,125  757 

210, 639 

2,  046,  043 
1,  211, 142 


16,  281,  720 

2,412,160 

326, 569 

6,308,722 

2,  504,  939 

4,  551, 996 


53.  290,  200 


54, 485, 462 


1892 


Quantity.  Value 


106,  635 


9, 133, 342 
781, 269 
160.  281 
2,012,934 
2,  090,  369 
1, 303,  509 


H.  taelsA 
1, 157,  001 


664,  341 
714, 265 
253.  539 
583,  3U4 
556,902 
059,  409 
875,  672 


52,707.132 


53, 864, 433 


EXPORTS  OF  NATIVE  GOODS. 


Cotton,  raw piculs. 


5. 089,  361 


REEXPORT  OE  FOREIGN  GOODS. 


t'otton  manufactures: 

SI  liftings pieces. . 

T-i  loihs do 

Drills do 

Sheetings do 

Yarn piculs . . 

All  other  manufactures 


Total. 


Total    exports  cotton    and   manufac- 
tures of 


144.  702 
108,  325 

5i'.ol2 

10,  713 


246,  008 
110.478 
98.118 
52,603 
177.  979 
109, 705 


803, 891 


4,  645, 020 


125.  530 
93,  428 

7,512 


218,574 

■ 
120,  599 
73,  474 
127,  336 

12;;,  430 


"1,932 


5, 861, 293 


*  The  picul  ia  133J  pounds. 


t  The  Haikwan  tael  is  $1.10. 


342 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  e/c— Continued. 

NETHERLANDS. 

LMTOKTS. 


1S91 

1S92 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw : 

Great  Britain do 

United  States do 

Other  countries do 

4,233,216 
8,  582,  624 
5,876,813 
10, 290,  922 
1, 412, 392 

Gulden* 
2,  539, 930 
5, 149,  574 
3, 526, 088 
6, 174,  553 
847, 435 

3,416,066 
6,857.  51  2 
5,  965,  258 
8,  030, 184 
2, 613,  269 

Gul  den* 

2,  049,  640 
4.  114,  525 

3,  579, 155 
4,818,110 
1,567,961 

Total do 

30,  395, 967 

18, 237,  580 

26, 882, 319 

16, 129,  391 

Cotton  yarn,  not  twisted  or  dyed : 

Prom  Great  Britain kilogram . . 

Other  countries do 

16, 269,  495 
2,184,351 

19, 523,  394 
2,  621, 221 

17, 197,  484 
2,  040, 804 

20, 636,  981 
2, 448,  965 

18, 453, 846 

22, 144,  615 

19, 238,  288 

23,  085,  946 

Cotton  yarn,  double  thread,  unbleached: 

From  < i reat  Bri tnin kilogram . . 

Other  countries do 

1,  874, 100 
15,  753 

2, 248,  920 
18,  904 

1,571,686 
3,373 

1.  886,  023 
4,048 

Total do.... 

1,  889,  853 

2, 267,  824 

1,575,  059 

1,890,071 

Cotton  yarn,  twisted,  colored,  or  uncolored: 

325, 895 

966,  654 

315,  785 

22 

237, 857 

1,  390,  598 

295, 951 

410 

Total  ..                do 

1,  608,  356 

1,  924,  816 

Cottons  and  tulle : 

73,  302 
126,  880 
52,  805 

77,  733 

181,715 

46,016 

183 

Total...                   do... 

1        252,987 

305,  647 

Cotton  and  linen: 

40,  309 

86,  379 

3,847 

48,  093 

87,893 

4,490 

Total do 

130,  535 

140, 476 



Cotton  tissues,  bleached  or  unbleached: 

493,  758 

2,678,701 

234,  892 

513 

463, 438 

2, 834, 424 

259,  595 

646 

Total do 

3, 407,  867 

3, 558, 103 

Cotton  tissues,  dvcd  and  printed: 

556,  749 

2, 761, 857 

1,  SOU,  943 

:;.  665 

566,  520 

2,9(i(i,  is l 

1,  868,  749 

1,868 



Total do 

5, 123,214 

5,  337,  618 

Cotton  manufactures,  all  other: 

159.  353 

126, 327 

Total  cotton  and  manufactures  of, 

12,33) 

52, 498,  395 

*  The  gulden  is  41  cents. 


t  The  kilogram  is  2$  pounds. 


COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  343 

Impvrta  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

NETHERLANDS— Continued. 
EXPORTS 


1S91 

1S9 

2 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton.  raw  : 

To  Belgium kilograms.. 

Bremen do 

Prussia do 

Other  countries do 

2,  599, 268 

'.i:i:,,  857 

12, 396,  055 

668,  583 

Gulden. 
1,559,561 

597,  514 

7, 437,  633 

401, 150 

729,  857 

1,  378,  ■■',■11 

12,  006,  815 

955,  309 

Gulden. 
137,914 

±-H>.  996 
7,204,089 

573, 186 

Total do. . . . 

16,  659,  763 

9,  995,  858 

15, 070, 308 

9,042,185 

Cotton  yarn,  not  twisted  or  dyed: 

Other  countries do 

5,  385,  033 
218, 390 

6,  462, 040 
262,068 

6,  463, 141 

347.  689 

7, 755,  769 

417.  227 

Total do.... 

5, 603,  423 

6,  724, 108 

6,  810,  830 

8, 172, 996 

Cotton  yarn,  not  twisted  or  dyed,  unbleached  : 

Other  ci  inn  tries do 

2,  258,  479 
1,454 

2, 710, 175 
1,745 

2,  216,  502 
3,596 

2.  659,  802 
4,315 

Total do 

2,  259,  933 

2.711,920 

2.  220,  098 

2,004.117 

Cotton  yarn,  twisted,  colored,  or  uncolored : 

430, 744 
125,  907 

473,  818 
138, 498 

333, 506 
92,  256 

366,  857 
101, 482 

Total do.... 

556,  651 

612, 316 

425,  762 

468,  339 

Cotton  tissues, bleached  or  unbleached: 

To  Great  Britain kilograms.. 

Other  countries do 

767,  784 

3,  487, 390 

437, 638 

1, 151,  676 

5, 231,  085 

656, 457 

1,020,335 

6,  032,  090 

555, 555 

1.  530,  502 

9,  048. 135 

833, 333 

Total do.... 

4,  692,  812 

7,  039,  218 

7,  607,  980 

11,411,970 

Cotton  tissues,  colored  or  uncolored : 

To  Great  Britain kilograms . . 

Other  countries do 

643,  579 

9,541,944 

592,  790 

1,930,737 

28, 625,  832 

1,  778,  370 

196,  016 

7, 406,  921 

762, 150 

588,  048 

22,220.  7<;:i 
2, 286, 450 

Total do.... 

10, 778,  310 

32.  334, 939 

8,  305,  087 

25, 095,  261 

Cotton  manufactures,  all  other: 

96, 522 

10, 196 

Total    cotton    and   manufactures    of, 

59,514,881 

56, 865,  064 

ITALY. 

IMPORTS. 


1801 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

From  British  Possessions  in  Asia  .quintals*. 
Egvpi do 

389  645 

108,  143 

262,  155 

66,  935 

'.19.  104 

Lire.] 

360,  368 

Idre.f 

115,  463 
262,  927 
115,  721 
120,  297 

Total do 

925,  982 

97,228,110 

974, 770 

92,  002,  770 

Cotton,  wadding: 

394 
410 
194 

23 

787 
141 

Total do 

998 

129.710 

951 

114. 120 

The  quintal  is  110  pounds. 


t  The  lire  is  19J  cents. 


344 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and 


Imports  and  exports  oj  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
ITALY— Continued. 
IMPORTS— Continued . 


1S91 

1S92 

Quantity. 

"Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  thread,  single,  unbleached: 

3,658 
1,981 

Lire. 

1,769 
883 

Lire. 

Total do 

5,639 

1,  211,  865 

2,652 

534,  595 

Cotton  thread,  twisted,  unbleached: 

From  Great  Britain quintals.. 

6, 207 
1,327 

4,398 
622 

Total do.... 

7,534 

2,  092,  654 

5,020 

1,  311,  306 

Cotton  thread,  bleached  or  washed  : 

From  Great  Britain quintals.. 

2,648 
286 

2,079 
246 

Total ...do.... 

2,934           800,359 

2.325 

565,  236 

Cotton  thread,  twisted,  dyed: 

From  Germany quintals .  - 

485 
123 

539 
233 
183 

Great  Britain do 



Other  countries do 

Total do 

1,067 

339,  045 

905 

271,  762 

Cotton  thread,  sewing,  for  retail : 

1,602 

1,911 

384 

1,748 

1,573 

237 

Great  Britain do. . . 

3.897 

1,  851,  075 

3,558 

1,  779,  000 

Filati  di  vigogna  semplici: 

1,357 
50 

1,231 
130 

Other  countries do 

1,407 

372.  855 

1,361 

360,  065 

Cotton  cloths,  unbleached : 

From  all  countries quintals . . 

275 

58, 430 

243 

49, 132 

Cotton  cloths,  colored: 

2,326 

1,098 
20 

1,358 
687 
34 

Switzerland do 

Other  countries do... 

Total do 

3,444 

781,  045 

2,079 

498,  383 

Cotton  tissues,  polished,  unbleached : 

9,725 

5,  034 

815 

7,036 

2,592 

936 

Switzerland do 

Other  count  rics do 

Total  do 

15,  574 

4,  313,  460 

10,  564  |      3, 173, 70 

Cotton  tissues, bleached  or  washed: 

From  Germany quintals.. 

1 .  786 

16,  360 

1,461 

2,034 
12,244 
1,  379 

<  )n  at  Britain do 

Other  countries do 

19,  613 

6, 186, 018 

15,  657 

5, 187, 840 

Cotton  tissues,  colored  or  <1  j  ed  : 

3,109 

6.  512 

1,810 

699 

2,312 
5.674 
1 ,  788 

700 

Switzerland do... 

Other  countries do 

12, 130 

4, 433,  875 

10,474         4,461,832 

Cotton  tisanes, bleached  or  trashed: 

5,  560 
13,987 
::.  834 
1,441 

5.  576 
10,  187 
2,949 

1,728 

Great  Britain do 

Switzerland do 

<  )i]nr  oonntrlea do.  . 

Total do 

COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


345 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued 
ITALY— Continued. 
IMPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1898 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  tissues,  prepared,  damaske 

d,  unbleached  : 

bleached  or 

do 

do.... 

oredor  dyed: 
quintals. . 

do.... 

ad  prepared : 
quintals.. 

quintals.. 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

quintals. . 

176 

JArc. 
56,  320 

449 

Lire. 
179.  600 

Cotton   tissues,     prepared,    etc., 
washed  i 

808 
223 

791 
264 

Total 

1,031 

422,  710 

1,055 

495,  850 

Cotton  tissues,  prepared,  etc.,  col 

647 
552 

463 

413 

Total'. 

1,199 

499, 983 

876 

389.  820 

Cotton  tissues,  embroidered: 
From  all  countries 

262 

348,  460 

349 

464, 170 

Cotton  tulle,  bleached  or  colored : 
Froiu  all  countries 

162 

285, 120 

143 

251, 680 

Cotton  muslins  and  tissues,  cut  a 

249 

260, 205 

105 

109,  725 

Cotton  oilcloth : 

211 
873 
200 

303 
842 
231 

Great  Britain 

Other  countries 

Total 

1,284 

449.  400 

376 

481,  600 

Cotton  laces  and  ribbons : 

217 

103,  075 

183 

86,925 

Cotton  trimmings: 

111 
208 
99 

68 

241 

98 

Germany 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

quintals. . 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

dyed : 

Total 

418 

238.  260 

407 

229,  780 

Pizzi : 

2,855 

5,057 

7,959 

536 

4,477 

8,533 

10,  765 

3,  552 

Great  Britain 

Total 

16, 407 

344,547 

27,  327 

573,  867 

Cotton  velvets  and  felts,  common 

768 
192 

687 
146 

From  Great  Britain 

Other  countries 

Total 

960 

798,  320 

833 

501,200 

Cotton  velvets: 

216 
750 
87 

229 

1,069 

99 

Great  Britain 

Total 

1,253 

1,  407, 160 

1,397 

1, 140,  400 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed: 

From  France 

104 
163 
127 

87 

200 

62 

Total 

394 

374,  300 

349 

331,  550 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed,  colored,  or 

1,515 

i,  (.t:>7 

623 

1,606 
1,246 

559 

Great  Britain 

do.... 

do.... 



Total 

4,095 

3.  316,  950 



3,411 

2, 762, 910 

346 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
ITALY — Continued. 
IMPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed,  stamped: 

From  Great  Britain quintals. . 

184 
18 

Lire. 

114 

Lire. 

8 

Total do 

202 

163.020  ,                   122 

98,  820 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed  with  wool: 

From  Great  Britain quintals. . 

1,469 
362 

1,123 

168 

Total do 

1,831 

1,  483, 110 

1,291 

1,  045,  710 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed  with  gold  threads  : 

3,156 

1,007 
429 

3,198 

1,579 

625 

Total do 

4,592 

229.  6u0 

5,402 

270, 100 

Cotton  tissues,  mixed  with  threads  of  other  metal: 
From  Germany kilograms . . 

16,  001 
5,073 

1,  539 

4,420 

Total do 

21,074           210,740 

5, 959              59,  590 

Cotton  wearing  apparel: 
Underwear — 

353 
99 

227 
151 

Total do.... 

452 

128,  820 

378 

107.  730 

Shirts— 

From  Germany  quintals. . 

152 
73 

40 
145 

Total do 

225 

182,  250 

185 

149.  850 

Other- 

1,147 
800 

1,010 
860 

Total  do 

1,947 

1, 294,  755 

1,870  )      1,243,550 

Cotton  manufactures,  all  other: 

From  all  countries quintals.. 

1,547 

752, 260 

1,987 

1, 164.  820 

Total    cotton    and    manufactures    of, 

146, 461,  040 

134, 893,  098 

EXPORTS. 


1891 


Quantity. 


Value. 


1892 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Cotton,  raw: 

To  Germany 

Switzerland 

United  States  and  I  lanada. 
Other  countries 


Quintals. 

89,  457 
44, 709 
19,847 
28,  958 


Lire. 


Quintals. 
81,251 
52, 407 
27,  363 
22, 470 


Lire. 


Total 


CoKon  wadding: 

To  France  

< o  i  many 

Su  [tzeriand 

Other  count  lies 


182,  971 


19,211,955 


183,491       17,431,645 


153 
12 
17 


ToUl 


21.840 


COTTON  MANUFACTURES  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


347 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
ITALY— Continued. 
EXPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  y:irn.  single,  unbleached : 

Quintals. 

640 

346 

19 

292 

Lire. 

Quintals. 
679 

Lire. 

254 



108 
277 

Total 

1,  303 

199,  500 

1,318 

192  105 

Cotton  yarn,  washed  or  bleached : 

85 

263 

43 

452 
172 

140 

Total 

391 

85.  586 

704  1            ISO  Kofi 

Cotton  yam.  single,  dyed: 

1,178 
2,972 

1,663 

1,550 

260 

305 

327 

Total 

4,477 

995, 195                   3-  ~~*             a<?>  ",-> 

Cotton  yarn,  twisted,  unbleached: 

24 

32 
26 

144 





Total 

168             37.025                       58 

10  775 

Cotton  yarn,  washed  or  bleached: 

127 

41 

67 
56 

Total 

168  1          40,411  |                   123  |            29,040 

Cotton  yarn,  dyed : 

960  1 1,003 

138    97 

118    88 

133    145 

Total 

1,349 

372.  797                   1.  333 

323,  203 

Cotton  thread,  sewing,  for  retail : 

To  Turkey  in  Europe 

180 
298 

102 
220 

Total 

47S 

227.  050 

Cotton  tissues,  polished,  unbleached: 

110 
841 

108    

315    

Total 

951 

255,  500 

423 

118,  520 

Cotton  tissues,  washed,  bleached: 

To  Argentine  I  :■ -public 

268 
650 

791 
306 

918 

293,  286 

1,097 

353,  778 

Cotton  tissues,  colored  and  dyed: 

To  Argentine  Republic. 

7,213 

1,818 
1,303 
779 
217 
177 
184 
821 

11,  425 

827 

1,724 

2,782 

271 

14 

28 

2,743 

Asia.  English  1'osessions  in 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Brazil 

Switzerland 

Other  countries 

12,  542 

4,  238, 005 

19.  814 

6,  832, 28« 

— ~- 

_ 

* . 

348 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  oj  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 
ITALY— Continued. 
EXPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

"Value. 

Cotton  tissues,  stamped : 

Quintals. 
363 
507 
152 

475 

Lire. 

Quintals. 
701 
898 

Lire. 

744 

Total 

1,497 

814,  638 

2,343 

1, 367, 244 

Cotton  tissues,  prepared  or  damasked: 

27 

11,  700 

80 

37,  600 

Cotton  tissues,  colored  or  painted : 

43 
33 

33 

86 

Total    

76 

28,  880 

119 

52,  955 

Cotton  tissues,  embroidered: 

17 

22,  610 

Cotton  muslin  and  tissues,  prepared : 

201 

210, 045 

2 

2,470 

Total 

Cotton  muslin,  swept: 

To  Argentine  Republic 

201 

210, 045 

2 

2,470 

94 

48 
100 

66    

95    

200  ! 

Total 

242  |          91,960 

367 

139,  460 

Cotton  foggidi : 

45 
26 
43 

67 
21 

37 

Total 

114  1           48,450 

125 

53, 125 

Cotton  trimmings: 

27 
16 
50 

19 

82 

Total 

93 

53,  010 

101 

59,  590 

Cotton  laces  and  ribbons: 

44 
34 
75 

37 
14 
5 

Total 

153  |          72,675 

56 

26,  600 

Cotton  pizzi : 

1,187 
188 
309 

2,663 

55, 923 

Total 

1,684  [          35,364 

2,663 

55.  923 

Cotton  velvets,  and  felts: 

19 
9 

Total 

28  j          23,240 

Out  ton  tissues  mixed  : 

10,  070 
4,66] 

468 
200 

128 

1,280 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Total 

15, 299 

152,990 

128 

1.280 

COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES.  349 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

ITALY— Continued. 
EXPORTS— Continued. 


1891 

1892 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  wearing  apparel: 

Quintals. 

17 
12 

Lire. 

Quintals. 

Lire. 

09 

Total 

29 

8,265 

69 

Cotton  wearing  apparel,  in  rolls: 

194 
42 
83 

197 
90 
75 

Total 

:u9 

'  258,390 

362 

Cotton  wearing  apparel, other: 

810 
838 
799 
330 
174 
811 

415 

1,889 

77 

471 

Egypl 

1,368 

Total 

3,762 

2, 501,  730 

4,220 

2, 806,  300 

All  other  manufactures : 

1C9 

81, 410 

354 

330, 610 

Total 

30,  377, 257 

31  688  952 

SWITZERLAND. 

IMPORTS. 


1S80 

1S91 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  raw: 

Quintals. 

Francs. 

Thousands 
of  francs. 

136 

[tah 

58 

45, 139,  303 

14,617 

Total 

45, 139,  303 

34,  643 

Col  ion  thread : 

2,096 
14 

Itah 

77 

3  558 

United  States 

6,  775, 490 

172 

Total 

6,  775, 490 

0,053 

Cotton  piece  goods : 

7  177 

97 

2  °07 

[talj 

293 

11  973 

3 

25, 145,  800 

548 

Total 

25, 145,  800 

22,  358 

350 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND 


Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc.-  -Continued 

SWITZERLAND— Continued. 

IMPORTS— Continued. 


1889                                        1S91 

Quantity. 

Value.          Quantity. 

Value. 

■ 
Cottoii  embroideries  and  laces: 

Quintals. 

Francs. 

Thousands 
of  francs. 
460 

20 

83 

5 

99 

11 



078 

.1 

Cotton  ribbons  and  gimps: 

973 

254 

53 

11 

7 

1,298 

Cotton  knit  goods: 

1,436 

7 

147 

Italy            

22 

4 

Total                            

1,691 

Cotton,  all  other  manufactures  not   elsewhere 
stated: 

2,398 

27 

1,253 

Italy                          

37 

86 

35 

Total 

3,836 

Total 

77, 060, 593 

70, 557 

EXTORTS. 


Cotton,  raw: 

14, 874 

1, 122,  C80 

77.". 

258 

256 

Italy      

183 

5 

9,  579 

071. '.114 

93 

Total  .-                     

24,453 

1,  794,  594 

1,520 

Cotton  thread,  spun,  unbleached  : 

11,284 

4, 456, 276 

7,025 

2,607 

17.477 

4, 948, 859 

4,991 

1,118 

20 

4 

33.  715 

10,  079.  809 

209 

Total 

62, 476 

19.  4S4.944 

15,  974 

^=7-TTTT=^= 

COTTON    MANUFACTURES    BY    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


351 


lni}wrts  and  exports  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

SWITZERLAND— Con  tinned. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


1889 

1891 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  thread,  other: 

Quintals. 
1,083 

Francs. 
492,  959 

Thousands 
ofj'ra  ii  t* . 

335 

Italy  .           

139 

::::::::::i::::':: 

12.  352 

4,(ii" 

3  317 

Total 

13,  435 

4,  493,  597 

5  280 

Cotton  tissues : 
Unbleached 

11, 182 

3,  507, 175 

4  377 

2,  747 

2,  085, 048 

Italy 

1  587 

168 

11, 100 

4,  670,  821 

290 

25,  029 

10,  263,  044 

8,855 

Bleached — 

116 

52 

112 

Italy 



462 

43 

380 
4,056 

512,912 
2,  569,  649 

308 

1  231 

Total *. 

4,436 

3,  082, 561 

2  394 

Dyed  in  yarn—  • 

210 

137 

476 

Italy 

132 

32^ 

17, 6U9 

11, 139,  253 

10,  601 

Total 

17,609     11,139,253 

11.  929 

Colored — 

100 

105 

672 

Italy 

733 

18 

142 
2,739 

10,897       6,020,935 

Total 

10,897  |     6,020,935 

4,509 

Printed— 

304 

831 

l   115 

Italy 

4,182 

2, 764,  338 

"  7>ti 

26 

United  States 

12 

18,  651 

13  Rfi5  filfi 

10, 832 

Total 

22,  833      16,  649,  954 

15  906 

Cotton  hand  embroideries: 

136 

57 

37 

Italy 



20 

402 

42(1           777. 094 
853       1,486,146 

961 

892 

Total 

1,273        3.283.940 

2,505 

1 

352  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  COTTON. 

Imports  and  export*  of  cotton,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  etc. — Continued. 

SWITZERLAND— Continued. 

EXPORT  S— Con  tinued . 


1889 

1891 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton  hand  embroideries — Continued. 
Other,  made  up — 

Quintals. 
535 

Francs. 
356,  092 

Thovsands 
of  francs. 

741 

55 

668 

Italy              

62 

50 

138 

853 

1,  071, 851 

1  376 

Total 

1,388 

1, 427,  943 

3,090 

Cotton  embroideries,  crochet: 

188 

54 

125 

Italy                      

62 

1  566 

2,  226 
2^262 

4,060,131 

3,  291,  567 

5,483 

1,386 

Total 

4,488 

7,  351,  698 

8,864 

Cotton  embroideries,  machine: 

2,072 

566 

4,481 

Italy            

792 

1,636 
11,897 
14,  283 

2,984,208 

24,  727.  560 
39,  765,  236 

19,812 

United  States 

22,  355 

13, 148 

Total     

27.  816 

67,  477, 004 

63,  226 

Cotton  ribbons  and  laces : 

90 

32 

435 

Italy      

47 

245 

419,  915 

229 

59 

584 

721,  815 

72 

Total 

829 

1, 141,  730 

966 

Cotton  knit  goods: 

37 

16 

154 

Italy                 

22 

83 

247 
304 

346,  503 
359,  501 

272 

623 

Total 

551 

706,  004 

1,207 

Cotton,  all  other  manufact  ores,  n.  e.  s. : 

39 

9 

60 

ll;,l\                                                                          

21 

8 

United  States ...                       

1 

31 

Total 

169 

Total 

217,513 

153, 296,  501 

uo,  :;'J4 

UNITED  STATES  COTTON  CROPS',  EXPORTS,  ETC.,  SINCE  1847.     353 

3  atement   showing    United  Slates  cotton   crops  and  the  annual  exports  and  takings  of 
United  States  spinners  since  1847. 

[Compiled  by  Alfred  B.  Shepperson,  of  New  York.] 


i 

Total 
commer- 
cial crop. 

Exports. 

Taken  for  home  consumption. 

Propor- 

Tear  ending 
August  31— 

To  Groat 
.Britain . 

To  Conti- 
nent and 
Mexico. 

Total. 

By  North-  By  South- 
ern mills,  era  mills. 

Total  by 
U.  S. 
mills. 

crop  tak- 
en by  TJ.S. 

mills. 

In  thousands  of  bales. 

Per  cent. 

1848 

2,423 
2,840 
2,204 
2,415 
3,126 
3,416 
3,075 
2,983 
3,665 
3,094 
3,257 
4,019 
4,861 
3,849 

2,278 
2,233 
2,599 
2,434 
3,114 
4,347 
2,974 
3,874 
4,130 
3,831 
4,032 
4,474 
4,774 
5,074 
5,761 
6,606 
5,456 
6,950 
5,713 
5,706 
6,575 
6,499 
7,047 
6,939 
7,297 
8,674 
9,018 
6,664 
7,532 

1,324 

1,538 
1,107 
1,418 
1,669 
1,737 
1,604 
1,550 
1,921 
1,429 
1,810 
2,019 
2,669 
2,175 

Cii 
1,262 
1,216 
1,228 
989 
1,475 
2,368 
1,474 
1,920 
1,852 
1,833 
2,005 
1,994 
2,047 
2,053 
2,554 
2,832 
2,295 
2,886 
2,485 
2,425 
2,565 
2,704 
2,814 
2,810 
2,854 
3,345 
3,317 
2,301 
2,861 

534 

690 

483 

571 

775 

791 

715 

694 

1,  084 

824 

780 

1,002 

1,105 

952 

t\\  war — n( 

293 

341 

428 

458 

704 

800 

483 

756 

959 

841 

1,227 

1,034 

1,309 

1,413 

1,310 

1,733 

1,256 

1,838 

1,432 

'1,  495 

1,771 

1,741 

1.813 

1,926 

2,052 

2,440 

2, 541 

2,089 

2,371 

1,858 
2  228 
1,590 
1,989 
2,444 
2,528 
2,319 
2,244 
2,955 
2,253 
2,590 
3,021 
3,774 
3,127 
>  record  oi 
1,555 
1,  557 
1,656 
1,447 
2, 179 
3,168 
1,957 
2,676 
2,811 
2,674 
3,232 
3,028 
3,356 
3,466 
3,864 
4,565 
3,551 
4,724 
3,917 
3,920 
4,330 
4, 445 
4,  G27 
4.736 
4,906 
5,791 
5,858 
4,390 
5,232 

532 

5i8 

488 

404 

588 

650 

592 

571 

633 

606 

452 

760 

793 

650 

cotton  m 

541 

573 

800 

822 

777 

1,072 

977 

1,063 

1,192 

1,071 

1,220 

1,302 

1,345 

1.375 

1,574 

1,713 

1,677 

1,759 

1,537 

1,437 

1,781 

1.687 

1,805 

1,790 

1,780 

2,027 

2,172 

1,652 

1,580 

75 
112 
107 

60 
111 
153 
145 
135 
138 
154 
143 
167 
186 
193 
ivement. 
127 
150 
168 
173 

80 

91 
120 
138 
128 
130 
134 
127 
151 
186 
221 
225 
287 
313 
340 
316 
381 
401 
456 
480 
545 
613 
684 
723 
711 

607 
630 
595 
464 
699 
803 
737 
706 
771 
820 
595 
927 
979 
843 

608 
723 
908 
995 
857 
1, 163 
1,097 
1,201 
1,320 
1,201 
1,354 
1,429 
1,496 
1,501 
1,  795 
1,938 
1,964 
2,072 
1,877 
1,753 
2,162 
2,088 
2,261 
2,270 
2,325 
2,640 
2,856 
2,375 
2,291 

25 

1849 

22 

1850 

27 

1851 

19 

1852 

22 

1853 

23 

1854 

24 

1855 

24 

1856 

21 

1857 

27 

1858 

18 

1859 

23 

I860 

20 

1861 

22 

1861  65 

1866 

29 

1867 

32 

1868 

37 

1869 

41 

1870 

28 

1871 

27 

1872 

37 

1873 

31 

1874 

32 

1875 

31 

1876 

29 

1877 

32 

1878 

31 

1879 

31 

1880 

31 

1881 

29 

1882 

36 

1883 

30 

1884 

33 

1885 

31 

1886 

33 

1887 

32 

1888 

32 

1889 

33 

1890 

32 

1891 

30 

1892 

32 

1893 

36 

1894 

30 

COT — VOL  2- 


-23 


354 


SEA-ISLAND    COTTON    CEOPS    SINCE    1874. 


Sea-island  cotton  crops  of  the   United  States  since  1S74. 
[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee.] 


Season. 


1874-75 
1875-76 
1876-77 
1877-78 
1878-79 
1870-80 
1880-81 
1881-82 
1882-^3 
1883-84 
1S84-85 
1885-86 
1886-87 
1887-88 
1888-89 
1889-90 
1890-91 
1891-92 
1892-93 
1893-94 


Florida 
crop. 


Bales. 
8, 
7, 
10, 
11, 
10, 
11, 
16. 
20, 
16, 
16. 
23, 
23, 
29, 
22, 
22 
23, 
22, 
17, 
9, 
19, 


Georgia 
crop. 


Bales. 
1,074 
2,121 
2,558 
3,556 
2,052 
3,  420 
3,179 
6,049 
3,126 
1,399 
4,327 
5,780 
6,411 
8,304 
12,  000 
13, 629 

29,  613 

30,  576 
28, 324 
39,  367 


South  ( !ar- 
olinacrop. 


Bales. 
7,308 
4,722 
4,933 
6,249 
7,133 
10, 142 
14,  868 

10,  796 
16,  591 

7,  329 
12.  588 

8, 497 

8,  735 
8, 561 
9,618 
9,256 

16,  306 

11,  499 
7, 212 
2,578 


Texas  crop 


Bales. 

166 
74 
29 
30 

202 


11 


Total  crop. 


Bales. 
16,  687 
14,  515 
18,  352 
21, 510 
19, 601 
24, 862 
35, 021 
37, 862 
36,  709 
25, 490 
40,  452 
37, 778 
45,137 
39, 479 
44,089 
46, 803 

68. 133 

59. 134 
45, 418 
61,  052 


Exports  of  Sea-island  cotton  and  deliveries  to  U.  S.  spinners  since  1874. 
[Compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  subcommittee.] 


Season. 


1874-75. 
1875-76. 
1876-77. 


Exports 

to  . 

Great 
Britain. 


Bales. 
13,139 
11,591 
11,  865 
1877-78 ;   12,594 


1-7,-  79. 
1879-80. 
1880-81. 

1882-88. 
1889-*4. 


10,  456 
13, 729 
20,  259 
22,  303 
21, 565 
12, 166 


Exports 

to  con- 
tinent. 

Total 
ex- 
ports. 

Deliv- 
eries to 
U.  S. 
spin 
ners. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

1,907 

15, 046 

2,192 

1,345 

12,  936 

1,915 

1,369 

13,234 

4,068 

3,701 

16,  295 

6,451 

2,242 

12,  698 

6,688 

3,294 

17, 023 

9,389 

4,136 

24, 395 

11,  270 

2, 453 

24, 756 

14,762 

1,892 

23, 457 

13, 573 

1,413 

13,  579 

11,  674 

Season. 


1884-85 
1885-86 
1886-87 
1887-88 
1888-89 
1889-90 
1890-91 
1891-92 
1892-93 
1893-94 


Exports 

to 

Great 

Britain. 


Bales. 
18, 422 
14.748 
25, 216 
18,  698 
21, 515 
25,  991 
34,  300 
24,  778 
20,  650 
33,  385 


Exports    Total 

to  con-      ex- 

tinent.    porta. 


Bales. 
3,143 
1,680 
1,435 
1,915 
1,811 
2,251 
4,823 

t  2, 653 
1,890 
4,636 


Bales. 
21,  565 
16, 428 
26,  651 
20,  613 
23,  326 
28,242 
39,123 
27, 431 
22,540 
38,  021 


Deliv- 
eries to 

r.  s. 

spin- 
ners. 


Bales. 
17, 358 
19,  973 
20,515 
19,  560 
20, 132 
19, 124 
26,  602 
82,  279 
22,927 
23,516 


ACREAGE    IN   COTTON,  1870    TO    1878. 


355 


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356 


ACREAGE    IN    COTTON,  1878    TO    1887. 


Acreage  in  cotton  of  the  ten  cotton-growing  States  of  the  United  States. 
[Compiled  by  Alfred  B.  Shepperson  from  percentages  reported  by  TJ.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


States. 


North  Carolina 
South  Carolina  . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas  

Arkansas 

Tennessee 


Total  acreage. 


Season  of  1878-'79. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 
with 

1877-78. 


lOl 
103 
102 
lOO 
104 
lOO 
lOt 
106 
98 
9S 


Number  of 
acres. 


590,  486 

944,  649 
1,  560, 753 

166,  650 
1, 837,  571 
2, 055,  040 
1, 348,  956 
1, 808,  386 
1, 165,  857 

740,  704 


Season  of  1879-80. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 
with 
1878-'79. 


12, 219,  052 


106 
lOO 

102 

or 

103 

100 

98 
107 
lOl 
103 


Number  of 
acres.* 


625,  915 
944,  649 
591,  968 
101,  650 
892, 698 
055,  040 
321, 977 
934,  973 
177,  516 
762,  925 


12,  469,  311 


Season  of  1880- '81; 

corrected  report 

issued  June  12, 1882. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 

will] 
1879-80. 


109 
112 
HO 
105 
110 
108 
106 
114 
HO 
113 


no 


Number  of 
acres.t 


973,  537 

1,  527, 959 

2,  878,  851 
257, 875 

2,  563, 095 
2, 260,  796 

916,  674 
2, 478, 054 
1, 147,  274 

816,  495 


15,  820,  610 


States. 


North.  Carolina 
South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas  

Arkansas 

Tennessee 


Total  acreage. 


Season  of  1881-82; 

corrected  report 

issued  June  12, 1882. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 
with 
1880-'81. 


JOO 
106 
104 
102 
103 
104 
103 
108 
103 
103 


I  ©4.8 


Number  of 
acres. 


1,  061, 155 

1,  619,  639 

2,  994,  005 
263,  032 

2, 639,  988 
2,  351,  228 

944, 174 
2,  676,  298 
1, 181,  692 

840,  990 


Season  of  1882-'83. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 
with 
1881-'82. 


16,  572,  201 


99 
98 
95 
99 
96 
95 
94 

tos 

94 
97 


97.4 


Number  of 
acres. 


1,050,543 

1,  587, 244 

2,  844,  305 
260,  4C2 

2, 534,  388 
2, 233,  844 

887,  524 
2, 810, 113 
1, 110,  790 

815, 760 

16,134,913 


Season  of  1883-'84. 


Percent- 
age  com- 
pared 

with 
1882-'83. 


lOO 
109 
lOl 
99 
103 

ioa 

105 
lOS 
107 

99 


103 


Number  of 
acres. 


1,  050, 543 
1,  618, 989 
2, 872, 748 

257, 799 
2, 610, 420 
2, 278,  521 

931, 900 
3,  034, 922 
1, 188,  545 

807, 602 


16,  651,  989 


States. 


Season  of  1884-'85. 


I'enetlt- 

age  com- 
pared 

with 
1883-'84. 


Number  of 

acres. 


Season  of  1885- 


Percent- 
age  com- 
pared 
with 
1884-'85. 


Number  of 
acres. 


Season  of  1886-'87. 


Percent- 
age com- 
pared 
with 
1885-86. 


Number  of 
acres. 


North  Carolina 
Smith  ( Carolina  . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas , 

Tennessee , 


Total  acreage . 


lOl 
106 
103 
104 
105 
105 
99 
105 
lOO 
lOl 


1,  061,  048 
1,716,128 
2, 958, 930 

268, 110 
2, 740, 941 
2, 392, 447 

922,  581 
3, 186,  COS 
1, 259,  857 

815,  678 


102 
1 03 
104 
102 
103 

too 

107 
110 
109 
lOl 


1, 082,  268 
1,767,612 
3, 077, 287 
'J73,  47U 
2, 823, 169 

2,  535,  994 
987, 162 

3,  505, 335 
1, 373,  244 

823,  835 


lOO 
99 
98 

lO.t 
99 

ioa 
ioa 

107 
102 
lOl 


1, 082, 268 
1,749,936 

3,  015,  741 
281,  676 
2, 794, 937 
2, 586, 714 
1,  006,  905 
3, 750,  708 
1, 400,  709 
832, 073 


104         17,322,388 


I  or,.  I 


18,249,378 


I  oil 


18,  501,  607 


•The  estimates   for  l879-'80  wore  abandoned  by  the  Bureau  for  the  U.  B.  census  report,  which 

165,196  ;i^  acreage  of  the  ten  States. 
tThe  bureau's  estimate  issued  in  June,  1880,  was  13,400,206  acres. 


ACREAGE    IN    COTTON,  1887    TO    1893. 


357 


Acreage  in  cotton  of  tlie  ten  cotton-growing  States  of  the  United  States. 

[Compiled  by  Allied  B.  Sheppiarson  from  the  percentages  reported  by  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture.] 


States. 


Season  of 

1886-'87,  as 

per  corrected 

report  issued 
Nov.,  1887. 


Number  of 

acres. 


Season  of    I 

1887-88,  as 

per  corrected  | 

report  issued 

Nov.,  1887. 


Season  of  1888-'89. 


Number  of 
acres. 


Percentage 
compared 

with 
1887-'88. 


Number  of 
acres. 


Season  of  1889-'90. 


Percentage 
compared 

with 
1888-'89. 


Number  of 
acres. 


North  Carolina 
South  Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas , 

Tennessee 


1,071, 
1,655, 
2,  950, 

270, 
2, 823, 
2, 548, 
1,  035, 
3,771, 
1,  354, 

847, 


1,  066, 301 
1, 622, 185 

2,  941, 486 
262,  616 

2, 809,  599 
2,  548,  674 
1,  006, 854 
3, 960,  327 
1, 388, 658 
855,  799 


lOO.S 
101.5 
lOl 
99 
101.5 
1©1.7 
I09 
105 
102 
103 


1, 071,  633 

1,  646, 518 

2,  970, 901 
259, 990 

2, 851,  743 
2,  592,  001 
1, 088, 191 
4, 158,  343 
1,416,431 
881,  473 


99 

99 

98 
loo 

98 
I  OS 
lo:; 
103.5 
104 
lOO 


1, 060,  917 
1, 630,  053 
2,911,483 

259,  990 
2,  794,  709 
2,  643,  841 
1, 120, 836 
4,  303, 885 
1, 473,  088 

881,  473 


Total  acreage. 


18,  335, 981 


18.  522,  499 


103.2 


18,  937,  224 


lOl 


19,  080,  275 


States. 


Season  of  1890-91. 


Percentage 
compared 

with 
1889-'90. 


Number  of 
acres. 


Season  of  1891-92. 


Percentage 

compared 

with 
1890-91. 


Number  of 
acres. 


Season  of  1892-'93. 


Percentage 
compared 

with 
1891-'92. 


Number  of 
acres. 


North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina  . 

( Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 


103 
103 
102 
103 

ioa 
i©» 

95 

105 

99 

lOO 


1, 082, 135 

1,  078,  955 
2, 969, 713 

267, 790 

2,  850,  603 
2, 696, 718 
1, 004,  794 
4,  519,  079 
1, 458,  357 

881, 473 


94 
96 
95 
99 
96 
95 
96 
105 
96 
95 


1,  017,  207 

1,  611,  797 

2,  821,  227 
265, 112 

2,  736,  579 
2,  561,  882 
1, 022, 202 
4, 745, 032 
1,400,022 
837, 400 


»6 

84 
84 
81 

84 
85 
SO 

85 
82 
83 


773, 077 
1, 353,  909 
2,  369, 831 

214, 741 
2,  298,  727 
2, 177, 600 

817.  702 
4,  033,  277 
1,148,018 

695,  042 


Total  acreage. . . 

If  changed  to  conform 
to  census  of  IK'JO 


103 


19, 409,  617 


20,  389,  641 


97.7 


19,  018,  460 


19, 858, 487 


83.5 


15,  881,  984 


16, 571,  742 


Season  of  1893-'94,  as  re- 
ported by  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  with- 
out regard  to  the  census. 

Season  of  1893-94. 

Season  of  1889-90  (census 
year). 

States. 

Percentage 
compared 

with 
1892-'93. 

Number  of 
acres. 

Acreage  based 
upon  census  fig- 
ures for  1889-'U0 
and  Department 
of  Agriculture's 

percentages  of 
increase  and  de- 
crease since  then. 

Acreage 

according  to 

Department  of 

Agriculture. 

Acreage  ac- 
cording to  final 
report  of  U.  S. 
ceusus. 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

104 

104 

102 

109 

lOO 

98 

lOl 

109 

93 

95 

804, 000 
1,408,065 
2,  417,  228 

234, 068 
2,  298,  727 
2, 134,  048 

825,  940 
4, 113,  943 
1,067,657 

660,390 

869,  340 

1,  716, 807 

2,  777,  237 
204,  700 

2,  271, 135 
2,  327,  316 
935,  971 
3, 760,  885 
1,232,536 

1,  060,  917 

1,  630, 053 
2, 911, 483 

259, 990 
2, 794,  709 

2,  643,  841 
1, 120,  836 
4,  303, 885 
1, 473, 088 

1, 147, 136 
1, 987, 469 
3, 345, 104 
227, 370 
2,761,165 

2,  883, 278 
1.  270, 154 

3,  934,  525 
1,  700,  578 

747,  471 

Total  acreage 

100.5 

15,  903,  900 

16, 055, 840  j          19, 080, 275 

20, 004,  250 

358   PRODUCTION  OF  COTTON  IN  EACH  STATE,  1849  TO  1889,  ETC. 

Production  of  cotton  in  each  State  of  the  United  States  in  1849, 1859, 1869, 1879,  and  1889, 
according  to  the  United  States  Census  for  1850,  1860, 1870,  1880,  and  1890. 


State. 


North  Carolina  . . 
South  Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas , 

Arkansas  

Tennesseo 

Virginia 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Indian  Territory. 

Oklahoma 

Indiana 

Utah,  etc 

Illinois 

Total 


Census  of 

1850  for  crop 

planted  in 

1849. 


Census  of    |    Census  of 
1860  for  crop    1870  for  crop 


planted  in 
1859. 


Bales. 

73,845 
300,  901 
499, 091 

45, 131 
564, 429 
484,  292 
178, 737 

58, 072 

65,344 

194,  532 

3,947 


2, 469,  093 


Bales. 

145,  514 

353, 412 

701,  840 

65, 153 

989,  955 

1, 202, 507 

777,  738 

431, 463 

367, 393 

296,  464 

12,  727 

41, 188 


planted  in 
1869. 


155 
1,482 


5, 387,  052 


Bales. 

144, 935 

224,  500 

473,  934 

39, 789 

429,  482 

564,  938 

350,  832 

350,  628 

247,  968 

181,  842 

183 

1,246 

1,080 

7 


Census  of 

1880  for  crop 

planted  in 

1879. 


3 
162 
465 


3, 011, 996 


Bales. 

389,  598 

522, 548 

814, 441 

54;  997 

699,  654 

963,  111 

508,  569 

805, 284 

608, 256 

330,  621 

19, 595 

20,  318 

1,367 


5,  755,  359 


Census  of 

1890  for  crop 

planted  in 

1889. 


Bales. 

336, 261 

747, 190 

1,191,846 

57,  928 

915,  210 

1, 154, 725 

659, 180 

1, 471, 242 

091,  494 

190,  579 

5,375 

15, 856 

873 

212 

34,115 

425 


7,472,511 


Acreage  in  cotton  of  each  State  of  the  United  States  in  1879  and  1SS9,  according  to  the 
United  States  Census  of  1S80  and  1890. 

[Corresponding  with  the  commercial  crops  of  1879-'80  and  1889-90.] 


State. 


North  Carolina 
South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi  ... 

Louisiana 

Texas 


1879. 


Acres. 
893, 153 

1,  364,  249 

2,  617, 138 
245,  595 

2, 330, 086 

2, 106, 215 

864, 787 

2, 178, 435 


1889. 


Acres. 
1, 147, 136 
1,  987, 469 
3,  345, 104 
227, 370 
2, 761, 165 
2, 883, 278 
1,  270, 154 
3, 934,  525 


State. 


Arkansas  

Tennessee 

Virginia 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Indian  Territory.. 

Oklahoma 

Total  acreage 


1879. 


Acres. 

1,042,976 

722, 562 

45, 040 

32, 116 

2,667 


35, 000 


1889. 


Acres. 

1, 700,  578 

747,471 

39,213 

57, 260 

2,629 

731 

70, 078 

1,109 


14,480,019  ]     20,  175,270 


NOTE.— The  acreage  in  cotton  was  not  given  in  any  census  previous  to  that  of  1880. 


COTTON    CULTURE    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


359 


Cotton  culture  in  the  United  States.     (Dates  to  commence  preparation*  and  to  begin  and 
finish  planting,  picking,  etc.) 

[By  Alfred  B.  Shepperson,  of  Now  York.] 


States. 


North  Carolina  .. 
South  Carolina  . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texast 

Arkansas  

Tennessee 


Usual 
date  to 
begin 
prepar- 
ing land. 


Feb.  25 

Mar.  5 

Feb.  1 

Jan.  120 

Fob.  l 

Feb.  1 

Feb.  1 

Jan.  15 

Feb.  15 

Mar.  1 


Usual 

date 

to  begin 

planting. 


Apr.  15 
Apr.  15 


(Tan  al 
date 

t<>  linish 
planting 


May    10 
May    7 


Apr.  10  May  1 
Apr.  1  May  1 
Apr.     5     May   lo 


Apr. 
Apr. 


May   10 
May    10 


Usual  date 
to  begin 
picking. 


Mar.  15      M;.\ 


Apr.  15 
Apr.  15 


May    15 
May  15 


Sept.  1 

Aug.  15     to 

Sept.l. 
Aug.  15  to  20 

Aug.  10 

Aug.  10  to  20 
Aug.  10  to  20 
Aug.  1    to  15 

Aug.l 

Aug.  15  to  20 
Sept.  1  to  10 


Usual 

date 

to  linish 
picking. 


Average  Average 

length      length 

of  staple  of  staple 

(up-       (bottom 

lands),     lands). 


Dec.  10 
Dec.     1 

Dec.  1 
Dec.  1 
Dee.  15 
Dec.  15 
Dec.  15 
Dec.  20 
Jan.  15 
Jan.   15 


Inch. 


1.: 


Inches. 

l 
l 


1ft 

1ft 
1ft 

1ft 
1ft 
1ft 


Average 
yield  lint 
cotton 
per  acre 
as  per 
census  of 
1890 
(hun- 
dredths 
of  a  bale). 


.  29 
.38 

.36 
.25 

.33 

.4'! 

.  52 
.37 
.41 
.25 


Cotton  grown  on  the  uplands  of  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and  Arkansas  has  a  staple  of 
seven-eighths  to  1  inch.  That  from  "bottom"  and  "swamp"  lands  averages  1 J  to  1$  inches,  but  a  good 
deal  of  "extra"  or  "fancy"  stapled  cotton,  with  staple  measuring  If  to  1|  inches  long  is  grown  in 
these  States.    These  extra  stapled  oottons  are  known  as  "Peeler,"  •'  Allen,"  "Eureka,"  etc. 

*  This  refers  to  "upland  "  cotton.  The  cotton  grown  in  Florida  from  the  seed  of  South  Carolina 
sea-island  cotton  has  a  staple  1J  to  2  inches  long. 

t  lu  the  portion  of  Texas  north  of  latitude  30°  50'  the  dates  for  preparing  land,  planting,  and  picking 
are  about  four  weeks  later  than  the  dates  given  above.  The  stapleof  Texas  cotton  ranges  from  §  to  11- 
inchee  in  length  in  different  sections  of  the  State. 


SEA-ISLAND  COTTON. 
In  South  Carolina  : 

The  usual  date  to  begin  preparing  land  is February  1. 

*'         "    to  begin  planting  is April  1. 

"  "     to  finish  planting  is May  1. 

"         "    to  begin  picking  ia August  25. 

"         "    to  finish  picking  is December  10. 

"      yield  of  seed  cotton  per  acre  is 500  pounds. 

"         "      oflintcotton  "  12.")  pounds. 

The  average  length  of  staple  is 1|  iuches. 

The  extremes  of  short  an«l  long  staple  are 1£  to  2}  inches. 

The  dates  for  planting,  etc.,  are  somewhat  earlier  in  Georgia  and  Elorida. 
The  South  Carolin  sea-island   cotton  is  of   better  quality   than  that  "Town  in 
Geurgia  and  Florida. 


360       PRICES  OF  STAPLE  COTTON  GOODS  IN  NEW  YORK,  1847  TO  1892. 


Annual  average  currency  prices  in  the  Neiv  York  market  of  staple  manufactures  of  cotton 
for  each  year  from  1S47  to  1892,  inclusive. 

[Compiled  by  Mr.  Joshua  Reece,  jr.,  of  New  York.] 


Year. 

Standard 
sheetings 
per  yard. 

Standard 
drillings 
per  yard. 

New  York 

Mills 

bleached 

shirtings 

per  yard. 

Standard 

prints 
per  yard. 

64  by  04 

printing 

cloths  per 

yard. 

Cents. 

8.28 

6.78 

6.91 

7.87 

7.08 

0.96 

7.92 

7.96 

7.64 

7.50 

8.90 

8.25 

8.50 

8.73 

10.00 

18.55 

30.04 

52.07 

38.04 

24: 31 

18.28 

10.79 

16.19 

14.58 

13.00 

14.27 

13.31 

11.42 

10.41 

8.85 

8.46 

7.80 

7.97 

8.51 

8.51 

8.45 

8.32 

7.28 

6.75 

6.75 

7.15 

7.25 

7.00 

7.00 

6.83 

6.50 

5.90 

5.11 

Cents. 

8.34 

6.83 

6.90 

7.97 

7.75 

7.70 

7.93 

7.84 

7.77 

8.10 

9.04 

8.70 

8.82 

8.92 

9.58 

18.94 

33.41 

53.02 

37.33 

25.14 

18.79 

16.49 

10.49 

14.98 

13.64 

15.14 

14.13 

11.75 

11.12 

8.71 

8.46 

7.65 

7.57 

8.51 

8.06 

8.25 

7.11 

6.86 

6.36 

6.25 

6.58 

6.75 

6.75 

6.75 

6.41 

5.60 

5.72 

5.07 

Cents. 
14.96 
14.21 
14.21 
14.96 
14.75 
14.50 
14.50 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.42 
15.50 
15.33 
21.  00 
35.33 
48.35 
49.58 
45.90 
35.21 
26.65 
24.79 
22.50 
20.83 
20.66 
19.41 
18.04 
15.12 
13.58 
12.46 
11.00 
11.62 
12.74 
12.74 
12.95 
12.93 
10.46 
10.37 
10.65 
10.88 
L0.94 
10.  50 
10.90 
10.64 
10.25 
9.75 
9.50 

Gents. 

11.83 

10.17 

9.33 

10.62 

10.50 

10.50 

10.50 

10.50 

9.80 

9.50 

10.10 

9.50 

9.50 

9.50 

9.71 

14.40 

21.24 

33.25 

29.00 

21.15 

16.58 

13.83 

14.00 

12.41 

11.62 

12.00 

11.37 

9.75 

8.71 

7.06 

6.77 

6.09 

6.  25 

7.41 

7.00 

6.50 

0.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

0.00 

0.  50 

6.50 

6.00 

6.00 

6.25 

5.25 

4.90 

Cents. 
0.01 

4.35 

4.58 

5.19 

4.59 

4.70 

0.15 

5.81 

5.11 

5.30 

5.98 

5.60 

1859                     

5.67 

5.44 

1861                       

5.33 

9.81 

18G3                         

15.20 

1864                         .' 

23.42 

1865                   

20.24 

1806            

14.13 

1867      ...             

9.12 

1868                                

8.18 

] 869     .             

8.30 

1870        

7.14 

1871 

7.41 

1872 

7.88 

1873                              

0.69 

1874            

5.57 

1875                                    

5.33 

1876 

4.10 

1877 

4.38 

1878 

3.44 

1879 

3.93 

1880 

4.51 

1881 

3.95 

1882 

3.70 

1883 

3.00 

1884 

3.36 

1885 

3.12 

1886 

3.31 

1887 

3.33 

1888 

3.81 

1889 

3.81 

1890 

3.34 

1891. . .              

2.95 

1892 

3.39 

1893'.                        

3.30 

2.75 

Figures  for  L893  and  1894  compiled  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Mercor,  of  New  York. 


COTTON   MANUFACTURE    IN   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


361 


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P   "3 


366  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quotations  of  ipot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  week,  1350  to  186th 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


1850 
Jan.      4.. 

11.. 

18.. 

25.. 

Feb.      1.. 

8.. 

15.. 

22.. 

Mar.      1 . . 

8.. 

15.. 

22.. 

29.. 
Apr.      5. . 

12.. 

19.. 

26.. 
May      3.. 

10.. 

17.. 

24 . . 

31.. 
June     7.. 

14.. 

21.. 

28.. 
July      5. . 

12.. 

19.. 

26.. 

Aug.     2.. 

9.. 

16.. 

23.. 

30.. 
Sept.     6. . 

13.. 

20.. 

27.. 
Oct,      4.. 

11.. 

18.. 

25.. 

Nov.      1 . . 

8.. 

15.. 

22.. 

29.. 
Det.      6.. 

13.. 

20.. 

27.. 


Cents 
10f 
10| 
11 
11| 

Hi 
Hi 
n 

Hi 

iof 

10f 
10* 
10£ 
lOf 
Hi 
11 

m 
iif 

nf 

Hi 
11* 
11* 
11* 
11* 
11* 
H* 
11* 
HI 
11* 
12i 
12| 
12i 
12i 
12i 
12f 
12i 
124 

12i 

w 

12| 
13| 
13i 
i::- 
13i 

13 

13| 

13i 

13 

12f 

L3| 

12 1 

12f 


per  lb. 
to  lOf 
to  Hi 
to  llf 
to  llf 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  ll| 
to  11* 
to  Hi 
to  11 
to  lOf 
to  10f 
to  11 
to  llf 
to  Hi 
to  llf 
to  12 
to  12f 
to  12i 
to  12 
to  llf 
to  llf 
to  llf 
to  12 
to  llf 
to  12 
to  12f 
to  12i 
to  12f 
to  12f 
to  12f 
to  12* 
to  12f 
to  12f 
to  12f 
to  13 
to  13 
to  12| 
to  13*. 
to  13& 
to  13f 
to  13f 
to  13f 
to  13f 
to  13i 
to  13f 
to  13f 
to  13i 
to  13i 
to  12f 
to  12f 
to  13 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
6i 
6i 
6* 
6* 
6| 
6* 
6* 
6f 
6f 
6i 
6i 
6 

5| 
6i 
6* 
6* 
6* 
6f 
6f 
6f 
6f 
7 
7 

6f 
6f 
7 

74 
7| 
7* 
7* 
7f 
7* 
7* 
7* 
7i 
7i 
7i 
74 
7i 
7* 
7* 
7i 
7* 
74 
7i 
7f 
7| 
7i 
7+ 
7,",, 
7+i 

m 


Jan. 

Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 

June 
July 
Aug. 

Sept. 
Oct. 

Nov. 
Dec. 


1851. 

3.. 
10.. 
17.. 
24.. 
31.. 

7.. 
14.. 
21.. 
28.- 

7.. 
14.. 
21.. 
28.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 

2.. 

9.. 
16.. 
23.. 
30.. 

6.. 
13.. 
20.. 
27.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 

1.. 


15. 

22. 
29. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26.. 

3. 
10.. 
17. 
21.. 
31. 

7. 
14. 
21. 
28.. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
24.. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Cents 

12f 

12* 

12| 

12 

Hf 

11 

104 

9* 

9* 

9* 

10* 

10 

10f 

10f 

10 

9* 

9i 

8! 

8i 

Si 

Si 

8 

8 

8 

7* 
7| 
7* 
7i 
7 

6.V 
6i 
6i 
6* 


per  lb. 
to  13i 
to  12! 
to  12^ 
to  12f 
to  11! 
to  llf 
to  11 
to  10*, 
to  10f 
to  lOf 
to  Hi 
to  lOjj- 
to  11 
to  11 
to  lOf 
to  10i 
to    9f 


7} 


8*  to  9 

8  to  8* 

to  8i 

to  8i 

to  7! 

to  7f 

to  7 
to 

to 


7 
7 

to  7f 
to  7i 
to  7f 
to  7i 
to  7i 
to  7f 
to  7f 
to  7i 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
U])land. 


Pence  per  lb. 
Holiday. 

7* 


WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  3G7 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  cloa*  of  each  week,  1850  to  1860. 


1852. 

2.. 

9.. 
16.. 
23.. 
30.. 

6.. 
13.. 
20.. 
27.. 

5.. 
12.. 
19.. 
26.. 

o 


16. 

23. 
30. 

14. 
21. 

28. 

4. 
11. 
18. 
25. 

2 

9! 
16. 
23. 
30. 

6. 
13. 
20. 
27. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
24. 

1. 

8. 
15. 
22. 
29. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
24. 
31. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


6J 

7* 

74 

7* 

7 

7 

7i 

74 

7i 

7| 

7 

7 

7 

7 

64 

6: 

74 

74 


8| 

8 


84 
84 
8i 
8J 
8| 
84 

8i 

8j 

s: 


?>er  lb. 

to  7i 

to  7i 

to  7f 

to  74 

to  74 

to  74 

to  7f 

to  7f 

i"  7^ 

to  8 

to  74 

to  74 

to  74 

to  74 

to  7| 

to  7f 

to  7f 

to  8 

to  84 

to  8f 

to  94 

to  .. 

to  94 

to  94 

to  9 

to  94 

to  94 

to  9f 

to  94 

to  9+ 

to  94 

to  94 

to  9| 

to  94 

to  94 


9j 

9* 
it, 
9i 
94 


to  10 

to  94 

to  9f 

to  9| 

to  94 

to  9f 

to  94 

to  94 

to  9* 

to  9| 

to  94 

to  9i 

to  8| 

to  8i 

to  8f 

to  8} 

to  84 


Pence  per  lb. 
Holiday. 
4f 
4| 
44 
4* 
.      4f 
4f 
4J 
4H 
5ft 

4+i 

44 
4f 
44 

44 

444 

444 
5ft 
5i 

5ft 
5ft 
5ft 

5ft 

5ft 
54 
54 
54 
5ft 
54: 
5ft 
5| 
5f 
5ft 
&ft 
5ft 
64 
5ft 
5ft 
54 
54 
541 
5S 
64 
6 
54 
54 
5| 
54 
5ft 
5| 
5i 
Holiday. 


1853. 
Jan.      7... 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


14. 
21. 
28. 

I. 
11. 
18. 
25. 

4. 
11. 
18. 
24. 

1. 


May 


Oct, 


Nov. 


Dec. 


15. 

22. 

29] 

6. 

13. 
20. 
27. 

June     3. 

10. 

17. 

24. 

July     1. 

8. 
15. 
22. 
29. 
Aug.  5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 
Sept.    2. 

9. 
16. 
23. 
30. 

7. 
14. 
21. 
28. 

4. 
11. 
18. 
25. 

2. 

9. 
16. 
23. 
30. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


94 

'■'i 

9 
9 
9 


9 

9 

9J 

94 

94 

94 


Cent*  per  lb. 
84,  to     9 

S;    to 

8*  to 
84  to 
84  to 
8±  to 
8    to 

8  to 
84  to 
84  to 
8|  to 
8f  to 
84  to 
84  to 
94  to  104 
9J  to  104 
94  to  m; 

9  to  10 
84  to    94 
9     to  10 
94  to  104 
9    to  10 
9£  to  10 
94  to  10 
9    to  10 
94  to  10 
94  to  10* 
9|  to  104 
94  to  104 
94  to  104 
94  to  10| 
94  to  104 
94  to  104 
94  to  104 


104  to  11 
104  to  104 
...  to  104 

94  to  10 

94.  to    94 

9    to 

84  to 

8f  to 

8f  to 

84  to 

94  to 

9    to 

9    to 

9    to 

94  to 

i»4  10 


94 


9 
94 

n 

9} 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
54 
54 
5ft 
541 
544 
54 
544 
5ft 
54 
5ft 
54 
54 
54 
5  7 
54 
54 
54 
5{| 
54 

5{| 
54 

°i« 

ru;j 

°lt> 

6 

6 

6 

64 

64 

6ft 
6ft 

6 

6 

6 

544 

5ft 

514 

54 

54 

54 

54| 

544 

54 
54 
54 
54 

54 

5| 

54 

54 

Holiday. 


368  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  week,  1850  to  18CQ. 


Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 

Apr. 
May 
June 

July 
Aug. 
Sept. 

Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 


18R4. 

6... 
13... 
20... 
27... 

3... 
10... 
17... 
24... 

3... 
10... 
17... 
24... 
31... 

7... 
14... 
21... 
28... 

5... 
12... 
19... 
26... 

2... 

9... 
16... 
23... 
30... 

7... 
14... 
21... 
28... 

4... 
11... 
18... 
25... 

1... 


15. 
22. 
29. 

6. 
13. 
20. 
27. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
24. 

1. 

8. 
15. 
22. 
29. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Cents  per  lb. 
9J  to  94- 
9i  to  94 
9i  to  94 
91  to  9| 
8f  to  9 
8f  to  81 
8*  to  8f 
8*  to  8| 
8f  to  9 
9J  to  91 
91  to  9f 
81  to  91 
8f  to  81 
8£  to  8f 
8    to  8i 
7f  to  8 
8    to  8i 
7f  to  8 
7f  to  8 
7±  to  71 
7f  to  8 
71  to  8 
li  to  7f 
7f  to  8 
7f  to  8£ 
8    to  84- 
8    to  8| 
84  to  8| 
8+  to  9 
8±  to  81 
8£  to  81 
81  to  8f 
8*  to  8f 
34-  to  8f 


82 


to  84- 
to  8| 
to  81 
to  8| 
to  81 
to  9 
to  9 
to  81 
to  81 
to  8|- 
to  8$ 
to  84; 
to  8i 
to  8 
to  8 
to  8± 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
51 
6 

5| 
51 

51 

51 

5* 

51* 

5f 

5f 

51 

ofc 

51 
5fs 
51 
5A 

51 

5 

51 

5A 

5A 

5i 

5i 

5± 

<>l  6 

3l  (J 

5£ 
5i 
5-,\ 
51 
5 

5* 
51 
51 
51 
5i 
5A 
5-fr 
•     5^ 
5A 
5i 
5i 

5tV 
5 

■I : ; 
■Hi; 

m 

Holiday. 


Apr. 


1855. 
Jan.      5. 

12.. 

19., 

26. 

Feb.      2.. 

9.. 

16.. 

23. 

Mar.      2. 

9.. 

16. 

23. 

30.. 
6. 

13. 

20.. 

27., 
4. 

11. 

18.. 

25.. 

June     1.. 

8.. 

15.. 

22. 

29^ 
July     6. . 

13.. 

20.. 

27.. 
Aug.     3.. 

10.. 

17.. 

24.. 

31.. 
Sept.     7. . 

14.. 

21.. 

28.. 
5.. 

12.. 

19.. 

26.. 
2. 
9.. 

16.. 

i':;.. 

30.. 

7.. 

14.. 

21.. 

28.. 


Oct. 


Nov 


Doc. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Cents 

71 
7f 

74- 
71 


71 
71 
8 

81 
81 
84 
8| 
84- 
9 
9 

9± 
10 
10 
104- 
10+ 
101 

Hi 

Hi 


per  lb. 
to     84 


8i 

81 
7f 


to  10i 
to  101 
to  11 
to  11 
to  Hi 
to  12 
to  12 


91 
10* 
94- 
94- 
9f 
9| 
10i 
9| 


to  9f 
to  104 
to  9f 
to  91 
to  10 
to  10 
to  104- 
to  91 


81 

9 

9 

81 
81 

8.1 


8j 
84 
8i 


to  91 

to  9i 

to  91 

to  81 

to  9 

to  81 

to  8± 

to  8i 

to  81 

to  81 

to  8| 

to  9 

to  81 

to  81 

to  81 

to  81 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 

m 

m 

5 

5 
5 
5 

4{f 

m 

51 

5 

41 

5 

5 

5tV 

51 

51 

5A 

5^ 

5r\ 

51 

6 

6-& 

6& 

6,^ 

6| 


WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  369 

Quotations  of  .spot  cotton  in  Neva  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  week,  IS.'O  to  1SG0. 


1856. 

4.. 
11. . 
is.. 
25.. 

1.. 

8.. 
15.. 
22.. 
29.. 

7.. 
11.. 
21.. 
28.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 


9. 

16. 
23. 

30. 

6. 
13. 
20. 
27. 

4. 
11. 
18. 
25. 

1. 

8. 
15. 
22. 
29. 

5. 
11'. 
19. 
26. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
24. 
31. 

7. 
14. 
21. 
28. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 


New  ( Means. 

Middling 
( Irli 


Cents  per  lb. 

>■     In      Si 


84 

' 

8f 

9 

9 

!l 

94 
9 

!•' 
9° 
91 
9 

9* 
10| 
10 
p." 
10J 
10i 

101 

l( 

If. 
10* 
10f 

Hi:; 
10* 
10  J 
10* 

10* 
10* 

10* 

10* 


to  10* 

to  in. 

to  L0| 

to  L0| 

! J 

To    L0| 

to  10| 
to   10; 
to  lOf 
to  lOf 
to  11 
to  11 
to  11 
to  101 
to  10| 
to  lOf 
to  10| 
to  10} 
to  101 
to  10| 


11 

Hi- 
nt 
n* 

ir 

HI 

Hi 

n* 

U: 

Hi 

Hi 
Hi 

ii* 
ii* 
n* 
n* 


COT— VOL  2- 


to  Hi 
to  11* 
to  11* 

to  ll| 
to  11! 
to  124 
to  12 
to  n* 

to  11| 
to  11| 

to  11* 

to  11* 

to  11| 

to  ll| 

to  12 

to  L2* 

to  12* 

-24: 


Liver] 1. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
5f 

Mr 

5* 

5 

5* 
5+f 

5* 
5* 

54 

51 

5| 

5*3 

6* 

6i 

6i36 

6!% 

6* 
6* 
6tV 

6.'.; 

6    , 

6* 

6ft 

6,36 
6,3tf 
6ft 
6v\ 

6* 
6* 

6i 

6* 

6i 

6| 

6| 

6,^r 

6* 

6* 

6f 

61 

64 

«  ;: 

61 

6* 

6+f 

7ft 


Jan. 

Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 


1857. 

2.. 

it.. 
16.. 
23.. 
30.. 

6.. 
13.. 
20.. 
27.. 

6.. 
13.. 
20.. 
27.. 


July 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


9. 
17. 
24. 

1. 

8. 
15. 
22. 
29 '. 
June  5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
24. 
31. 

7. 
14. 
21. 
28. 


1. 
11. 
18. 
25. 

2. 

9. 
L6. 
23. 
30. 

6. 
13. 
20. 
27. 

4. 
11. 
18. 
24. 
31. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 

Orleans. 


II 

12* 

1-- 

12 

12'. 

121 

121 

i:; 

13 

13* 

13* 

13| 
13f 
134 

13* 
13* 
13f 
13f 

131 

13* 

13* 

I" 

14* 

L4j 

HA 

L4| 

L4} 

Ms 

II 1 

15 


•per  lb. 
tO    124, 

to  L2| 

to  12| 
to  112.; 
to  12* 

to  ii'.; 
to  L2* 
to  13 
to  13 
to  13i 
to  13* 
to  13* 
to  L3| 
to  I3f 
to  L3| 
to  L3| 
to  13* 
to  14 
to  13f 
to  13f 
to  14 
to  14 
to  14 
to  131 
to  13f 
to  14 
to  14* 
to  14* 
to   1  V;- 
to  14* 
to  15 
to  15 
to  15 
to  15* 


15  to  15* 
15    to  15* 

L51  to  15' 
15*  to  16* 
14*  to  14* 


9*  to    D* 

10 
9|  to  10 
10*  to  101 


111  to  12 
111  to  12 
101  to  10* 
10i  to    10* 
10 
9    to     9* 
Holiday. 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


per  lb. 
Holiday. 

7* 
7ft 

7* 
7* 
7VJ,r 
7* 

7# 
7ft 
7* 
7ft 

7ft 
7ft 

7ft 
7* 
7ft 
7ft 

ns 

7* 
7ft 

7* 
7* 

m 
m 

7* 
7* 


•8* 
71 
7* 
6* 
6* 
6* 
6 
5* 
5S 
Holiday 


370  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  iveek,  1S50  to  1SB0. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


1858. 
1.. 

8.. 


May 


Nov. 


Dec. 


22. 
29. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 


9. 

16. 

23. 

30. 
7. 

14. 

21. 

28. 
June     4. 

11. 

18. 

25. 

Julv      2. 

9. 

16. 

23. 

30. 
Aug.     6. 

13. 

20. 

27. 
Sept.     3. 

10. 

17. 

24. 
Oct.      1. 


15. 
22. 
29. 

5. 
12. 
19. 
26. 

3. 
10. 
17. 
23. 
31. 


Kew  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Cents  per 
«Ji  to 
8*  to 
9*  to 
9|  to 
9f  to 
10i  to 

iii  to 

11  to 
11  to 
11  to 
11  to 
101  to 
11  to 
Hi  to 
Hi  to 

II  to 
1H  to 
11*  to 
11*  to 

III  to 
Hi  to 
Hi  to 
Hi  to 

II  to 
11*  to 

III  to 
llf  to 
llf  to 
H|  to 
111  to 
11*  to 
11  to 
11  to 
11  to 


lb. 

9* 

81 

9| 

91 

10 

10* 

Hi 

Hi 

Hi 

Hi 

Hi 

11 

Hi 

HI 

Hi 

iii 

in 

HI 
11| 

Hi 
Hi 
11* 
11* 

Hi 

H| 

HI 

12 

12 

12 

12 

HI 

Hi 

iii 
iii 


12  to 
11|  to 
12  to 
12*  to 
12  to 
11.1  to 
1H  to 
11|  to 
Hi  to 
11  to 
11  to 
11*  to 
Hi  to 
11|  to 


12i 

12 

12i 

12| 

12* 

12 

HI 

HI 

HI 

iii 

Hi 
HI 
11* 
Hf 


Hi  to 
Holiday. 


11* 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
Holiday. 
6tV 
6ft 
6ft 
6*| 
6f 
7ft 
7ft 
7* 

m 

7| 

6* 

6| 

6* 

6| 

6ft 

6* 

6* 

7* 

7* 

7 

7 

m 

61 
6H 
61 
6* 

6|| 
6* 

6| 


6}| 
6*1 
6* 
7 

7* 
7ft 
7ft 
7* 
7i 
7* 
6H 
6| 
6U 
6* 
6* 
6| 
6H 
6*1 
6| 
Holiday. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May 


1859. 

Jan.      7.. 

14.. 

21.. 

28.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 

1.. 

8.. 
15.. 
22.. 
29.. 

6.. 
13.. 
20.. 
27.. 
June  3.. 
10.. 
17.. 
24.. 

1.. 

8.. 
15.. 
22.. 
29.. 

5.. 
12.. 
19.. 
26.. 

2.. 

9.. 
16.. 
23.. 
30.. 

7.. 
14.. 
21.. 
28.. 

4.. 
11.. 
18.. 
25.. 

2.. 

9.. 
16.. 
23.. 
30.. 


July 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


New  Orleans. 


Middling 
Orleans. 


Cen  ts 
HI 
HI 
HI 
HI 
11 
10| 
10| 
10| 

11 

Hi 

111 
111 
111 
11* 

12* 
12* 
12 
11* 


per  lb. 
to  11* 
to  U* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11 
to  11 
to  11 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  llf 
to  11* 
to  12 
to  12* 
to  12| 
to  12| 
to  12* 
to  12 


10} 
11 

10} 
10} 

11* 

Hi 
Hi 
Hi 

iii 

Hi 

11* 
11* 
11* 
11* 
11* 


to  11 
to  11* 
to  11 
to  11 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  11} 
to  11} 
to  11} 
to  11} 
to  11} 


11 
11 
11 
11 

m 

10| 
10| 
10} 
10} 

in; 

10  i 

11 

10} 

ioj 

lOf 

10| 
10| 


to  11* 
to  11* 
to  Hi 
to  Hi 
to  11* 
to  10* 
to  101 
to  11 
to  11 
to  11* 
to  11* 
to  Hi 
to  11 
to  11 
to  H 
to  10* 
to  101 


Liverpool. 

Middling 
Upland. 


Pence  per  lb. 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

6i 
6* 
7 

eii 

7* 

7* 

7ft 

7 

6*| 

61 


6* 

61 
»;  : 
6} 
6} 
6| 
6* 
Holiday. 


WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  371 

Quotations  oj  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  closeofcach  week    IS'if)  to  1S60. 


New  Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

\ru  Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 
Orleans. 

Middling 
Upland. 

Mil.  illiii  g 
Orleans. 

Middling 
Upland. 

I860. 
Jan.      (5 

13 

20 

27 

Feb.      3 

10 

17 

24 

-Mar.      2 

9 

16 

23 

30 

Apr.      6 

13 

20 

27 

May      4 

11 

18 

Cents  per  lb. 
102  to  11 
in:  to  10 J 
11     to  Hi 
11     to  Hi 
10|  to  11 
10J  to  Hi 
L0|  to  11 
10|  to  11 
in1   to  11 

104  to  H 

in.    to  11 
LOJ  to  11 
10i  to  10| 
104  to  11 

ioi  to  ii 

10.4  to  11 
104  to  11 
10J4  to  11 
10i  to  11 

Pence  per  lb. 
6* 

6-iV 
6* 

Ws 

Ws 

6Y« 

6,\ 

6i 

6i 

6A 

64 
6& 

6A- 

6 

6A 

6i 

6i 

6i 

6i 

6 

5f 

5f 
54 

1860. 
July      6 

13 

20 

27 

Aug.     3 

10 

17 

24 

31 

Sept.     7 

14 

21 

28 

Oct.      5 

12 

19 

26 

Nov.      2 

9 

16 

23 

30 

Dec.      7 

14 

21 

28 

Cents  per  lb. 
10     to   10* 

10 

10 
10 

10 

10  to  10i 
10,4  to  10J 
104  to  lOf 
10J  to  10£ 
lOf  to  10| 
10i  to  lOf 
10i  to  10f 
10i  to  lOf 
10#  to  lOf 

101  to  102 
Hi  to  11+ 
Hi  to  11* 
Hi  to  ll| 

11  to  Hi 

102  to  Hi 
10i  to  10A 

10i 

U  to    92 

92  to  10 

10i  to  10t 

11     to  11+ 

Pence  per  lb. 

54 
54 

5 1  '„- 

•Vir 

We 

54 

5i 

54 

54 

6 

64 

64 

64 

64 

6A- 

64 
64 
62 
64 
61 
6f 

6|| 

6ii 
6fJ 
64 
74 

25 

June     1 

8 

15 

22 

29 

11     to  1H 
10|  to  Hi 
104  to  11 

On  account  of  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States,  the  quotations  of 
cotton  are  omitted  for  the  years  1SG1,  1862,  1803,  1864,  and  1805. 


372  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quo  tations  of  s})ot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  week,  1866  to  1880. 


XfiTT 

Orleans. 

• 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liver- 
pool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

upland. 

Orleans. 

upland. 

Orleans. 

upland. 

Centg 

Pence 

Cent  a 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

1866. 

per  lb. 

/"  r  lb. 

1867. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1868. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

Jan.   5 

49 

20* 

Jan. 

4 

33* 

15* 

Jan. 

3 

15 

71 

12 

48 

19| 

11 

324 

14* 

10 

15 

7* 

19 

49 

19| 

18 

33" 

142 

17 

16 

74 

26 

47 

19* 

25 

32 

14| 

24 

17* 

7f 

Feb.   2 

48 

18* 

Feb. 

1 

31* 

14* 

31 

18* 

7* 

9 

46 

19* 

8 

31 

14* 

Feb. 

7 

17* 

8 

16 

45 

19 

15 

314 

14* 

14 

19J 

8£ 

23 

45 

184 

22 

304 

14f 

21 

23* 

10* 

Mar.  2 

46 

18* 

Mar. 

1 

31 

.  13f 

28 

21 

91 

9 

18* 

8 

294 

13* 

Mar. 

6 

23 

92 

16 

40 

19f 

15 

304 

13f 

13 

23* 

10* 

23 

40 

194 

22 

30 

13* 

20 

24* 

10* 

30 

40 

182 

29 

29+ 

134 

27 

25 

10* 

Apr.   6 

37 

17f 

Apr. 

5 

29" 

12| 

Apr. 

3 

304 

111 

13 

39 

15+ 

12 

12 

10 

304 

12 

20 

40 

144 

19 

11* 

17 

12* 

27 

15* 

26 

26 

104 

24 

31+ 

12* 

May  4 

35 

13f 

May 

3 

26 

114 

May 

1 

314 

12f 

11 

34 

12| 

10 

25 

10* 

8 

304 

12| 

18 

36 

12* 

17 

27 

Hf 

15 

30 

12* 

25 

39 

12 

24 

264 

11 

22 

29 

11+ 

June  1 

38 

134 

31 

26" 

11 

29 

28 

11* 

8 

38 

13 

June 

7 

HI 

June 

5 

11+ 

15 

14 

14 

26 

Hf 

12 

274 

10* 

22 

39 

12* 

21 

26 

11* 

19 

284 

HI 

29 

36 

13i 

28 

26 

11 

26 

284 

11* 

July  6 

31 

14 

July 

5 

104 

July 

3 

30 

11* 

13 

34 

14 

12 

25 

10* 

10 

324 

11* 

20 

35 

13| 

19 

26 

10* 

17 

31 

11 

27 

35 

14 

26 

27 

10* 

24 

30 

10* 

Aug.  3 

14 

Aug. 

2 

27 

10* 

31 

9* 

10 

35 

134 

9 

274 

10* 

Aug. 

7 

28 

9* 

17 

Norn. 

13f 

16 

28 

10* 

14 

27 

10 

24 

35 

13J 

23 

284 

lOf 

21 

29 

10* 

31 

35 

134 

30 

284 

28 

274 

11 

Sept.  7 

34 

13 

Sept. 

6 

26" 

10 

Sept. 

4 

27 

10* 

14 

35 

13 

13 

25 

9* 

11 

23* 

10+ 

21 

36 

13* 

20 

23 

9| 

18 

23* 

10 

28 

37 

134 

27 

21 

81 

25 

22  2 

9| 

Oct.   5 

40 

15 

Oct. 

4 

19 

8* 

Oct. 

2 

24* 

10* 

12 

40 

144 

11 

184 

8* 

9 

23* 

10f 

19 

Nom. 

154 

18 

184 

8f 

16 

23+ 

102 

26 

37 

15 

25 

184 

82 

23 

22* 

102 

Nov.  2 

37 

14* 

Nov. 

1 

19 

8f 

30 

23* 

11 

9 

Nom. 

14* 

8 

18 

8* 

Nov. 

6 

234 

11* 

16 

Nom. 

14 

15 

174 

8* 

13 

222 

102 

23 

34 

14 

22 

164 

8* 

20 

23 

102 

30 

33 

14* 

29 

15* 

7* 

27 

23* 

HI 

Dec.   7 

30 

14 

Dec. 

6 

154 

7* 

Dec. 

1 

22| 

11* 

14 

32 

14* 

13 

144 

7| 

11 

23 

102 

21 

32 

14+ 

20 

14J 

7| 

18 

23 

10| 

29 

31 

14* 

27 

1    14* 

7* 

25 

234 

ms 

WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  373 

Quotations  of  spot  cottcn  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  dose  of  each  iccek,  iSG6  to  1S80. 


New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

Ne  w 

Oil. ans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liver- 
pool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

upland. 

Orleans. 

upland. 

Oilcans^ 

upland. 

Centt 

Pence 

( \  ntn 

Pence 

Pence 

18G9. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

187U. 

j  er  Hi. 

per  lb. 

.  1871. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

Jau.      1 

25 

m 

Jan. 

i 

21* 

114 

Jan.       ii 

14* 

8 

8 

25  '■ 

114 

11 

21 

ii. 

13 

14* 

71 

15 

28 

n* 

21 

21* 

HI 

20 

H, 

74 

22 

28 

114 

28 

21  ■ 

H| 

27 

15 

8 

29 

M 

Feb. 

4 

11* 

Feb.      3 

14| 

74 

Fob.      5 

12* 

11 

21. 

114 

10 

14* 

7£ 

12 

28 

1-i 

18 

23i 

HI 

17 

L4* 

7* 

19 

26i 

11 

25 

22  | 

ill 

21 

M£ 

7| 

26 

28 

Hi 

Mar. 

4 

21| 

1H 

Mar.      3 

14 

7| 

Mar.     5 

28* 

12 

11 

214 

10$ 

10 

14 

7* 

12 

28 

12 

18 

23 

n 

17 

144 

7f 

19 

27£ 

12 

25 

21  f 

Hi 

24 

14| 

74 

26 

28* 

124 

Apr. 

1 

21| 

103 

31 

14* 

7* 

Apr.      2 

28 

12* 

8 

224 

11* 

Apr.      7 

144 

7| 

9 

28 

124 

15 

•)•- 

Hi 

14 

14* 

7| 

16 

- 

1-. 

22 

22* 

Mi 

21 

14* 

7* 

23 

28 

12 

29 

22* 

n 

28 

14* 

7i 

30 

28 

HI 

May 

6 

22 

10| 

.May      5 

i ; 

7* 

May      7 

28* 

11: 

13 

22| 

114 

12 

15 1 

74 

14 

- 

114 

20 

22* 

10; 

19 

15* 

74 

21 

28* 

n| 

27 

22 

104 

26 

16 

7| 

28 

28 

n* 

June 

3 

211 

10f 

June     2 

16| 

74 

June     4 

114 

10 

21 

1<>. 

9 

84 

11 

294 

111 

17 

19f 

lOf 

16 

19* 

8* 

18 

<,    314 

12. 

24 

19 

10 

23 

84 

25 

31* 

i- 

July 

1 

19 

10 

30 

20* 

8* 

July     2 

32+ 

12* 

8 

18f 

9f 

July     7 

20* 

9 

9 

324 

124 

15 

174 

H 

14 

20* 

9 

16 

32 

12| 

22 

17 

8f 

21 

20 

94 

23 

32i 

12* 

29 

174 

7f 

28 

Nom. 

9 

30 

Nom. 

}■:. 

Aug. 

5 

7| 

Aug.      4 

Nom. 

84 

Aug.     6 

Nom. 

m 

12 

17* 

8* 

11 

Nom. 

84 

13 

Nom. 

134 

19 

174 

84 

18 

Nom. 

84 

20 

32 

13£ 

26 

17* 

8-4 

25 

Nom. 

9 

27 

Nom. 

13| 

Sept. 

2 

174 

84 

Sept.     1 

Nom. 

9* 

Sept.    3 

Nom. 

13| 

9 

18 

9* 

8 

lit 

9* 

10 

31* 

13f 

16 

17f 

9* 

15 

19| 

9* 

17 

29* 

13 

23 

L6J 

9* 

22 

20 

9| 

24 

26* 

12* 

30 

15 

8| 

29 

19 

9| 

Oct.      1 

24* 

124 

Oct, 

7 

15* 

8| 

Oct.      6 

194 

94 

8 

25* 

12| 

14 

14* 

8* 

13 

L94 

94 

15 

24* 

12* 

21 

154 

8| 

20 

IS' 

91 

22 

24| 

12 

28 

15f 

84 

27 

184 

9* 

29 

12 

Nov. 

4 

16 

9* 

Nov.      3 

L8| 

9* 

Nov.     5 

24  S 

I2i 

11 

L5| 

9 

10 

174 

9| 

12 

.,..     ; 

ir 

18 

15| 

94 

17 

18* 

9* 

19 

24* 

hi 

25 

15* 

9* 

24 

184 

9^ 

26 

ih  ' 

Dec. 

2 

15 

9 

Dec.      1 

18* 

9f 

Dec.      3 

23| 

12 

9 

L4| 

8f 

8 

18| 

94 

10 

24 

Hi 

16 

MS 

8* 

15 

19| 

10 

17 

24* 

Hi 

23 

Ik 

84 

22 

19* 

94 

24 

24' 

11* 

30 

M0 

84 

29 

19* 

9a 

SI 

244 

lit  1 

374  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xciv  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  week,  1866  to  1880. 


New- 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liver- 
pool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Cent* 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

1872. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1873. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1874. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

Jau. 

5 

20+ 

10i 

Jan. 

3 

m 

lOf 

Jan.      2 

16+ 

8 

12 

21 

10+ 

10 

19+ 

10+ 

9 

16f 

8+ 

19 

21± 

lOf 

17 

19+ 

9* 

16 

16+ 

8+ 

26 

21i 

10f 

24 

194 

9* 

23 

16 

8 

Feb. 

2 

22 

Hi 

31 

20 

10 

30 

15| 

74 

9 

22 

lift 

Feb. 

7 

194 

9* 

Feb.      6 

151 

74 

16 

211 

lift 

14 

•    19f 

9| 

13 

16 

8 

23 

22| 

ni- 

21 

19+ 

94 

20 

16 

7* 

Mar. 

1 

2l| 

ii 

28 

19| 

94 

27 

154 

7* 

8 

22* 

u  A 

Mar. 

7 

19| 

9f 

Mar.     6 

15| 

7i 

15 

2'>J- 

10* 

14 

19 

9+ 

13 

15f 

7i 

22 

22+ 

n 

21 

18| 

9i 

20 

16+ 

8+ 

29 

22+ 

n 

28 

19 

9i 

27 

16f 

8i 

Apr. 

5 

22| 

Hi 

Apr. 

4 

19 

9i 

Apr.      3 

16+ 

8+ 

12 

22+ 

HA 

11 

181 

9i 

10 

16+ 

«i 

19 

22| 

11  1  6 

18 

184 

9i 

17 

17 

8+ 

26 

23* 

11  lb 

25 

184 

9+ 

24 

17+ 

81 

May 

3 

23+ 

11 

May 

2 

181 

9 

May      1 

17f 

8+ 

10 

221 

10f| 

9 

18+ 

8* 

8 

17f 

8+ 

17 

23 

Hi 

16 

18i 

8* 

15 

18 

81 

24 

23* 

Hi 

23 

18+ 

8* 

22 

17| 

8+ 

31 

24 

HA 

30 

18+ 

8f 

29 

17f 

8+ 

June 

7 

25+ 

11* 

June 

6 

18+ 

8J 

June     5 

171 

8+ 

14 

24 

HA 

13 

18+ 

8* 

12 

17+ 

8i 

21 

24| 

lift 

20 

184 

8+ 

19 

17* 

8+ 

28 

24| 

Hi 

27 

18f 

8* 

26 

17+ 

8+ 

July 

5 

24 

lift 

July 

4 

18f 

8* 

July     3 

17 

8+ 

12 

22+ 

10* 

11 

181 

8* 

10 

17 

8+ 

19 

10+ 

18 

18f 

8| 

17 

16* 

8i 

26 

10+ 

25 

185 

84 

24 

161 

8i 

Aug. 

2 

9f 

Aug. 

1 

181 

8* 

31 

I6i 

8i 

9 

10 

8 

18f 

8* 

Aug.     7 

165 

8+ 

16 

91 

15 

184 

8J 

14 

16* 

8+ 

23 

20 

9ft 

22 

184 

84 

21 

16* 

8i 

30 

20* 

10 

29 

18+ 

8* 

28 

16* 

8i 

Sept 

6 

21i 

10ft 

Sept, 

5 

18| 

8* 

Sept.    4 

16* 

8 

13 

19| 

9f 

12 

18+ 

!) 

11 

16 

71 

20 

18| 

9f 

19 

19 

9 

18 

15$ 

8 

27 

18+ 

9+ 

26 

17 

8* 

25 

145 

7* 

Oct. 

4 

19 

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Oct. 

3 

18 

8* 

Oct.      2 

m 

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11 

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9+ 

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14  i 

8 

18 

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17 

17+ 

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14+ 

8 

25 

19 

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24 

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23 

14+ 

71 

Nov. 

1 

19 

10 

31 

15 

81 

30 

14+ 

74 

8 

18f 

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Nov. 

7 

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8| 

Nov.     6 

lit 

7| 

15 

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9$ 

14 

15+ 

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13 

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71 

22 

19i 

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20 

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29 

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28 

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71 

Dec. 

6 

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Dec. 

5 

16+ 

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14i 

71 

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10i 

12 

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8i 

11 

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7f 

20 

19+ 

10+ 

19 

15* 

8+ 

18 

14 

7i 

27 

19* 

L0i 

26 

154 

8i 

25 

Holiday 

Holiday 

WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  375 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  iceek,  1S66  to  1S80. 


New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool 

Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Oj  leans. 

Liver- 
pool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Cents 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

1875. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1876. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1877. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday 

Holiday 

Jan. 

7 

12* 

6*1 

Jan. 

5 

12* 

64 

8 

1); 

7* 

14 

12$ 

64 

12 

L2| 

7 

15 

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m 

6$ 

19 

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ri 

28 

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6$ 

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124 

29 

14* 

i 

Feb. 

4 

124 

6+ 

Feb. 

2 

12 

64 

Feb.      5 

15 

n 

11 

12* 

6ft 

9 

12* 

6$ 

12 

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n 

18 

12* 

6ft 

16 

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6ft 

19 

15$ 

n 

25 

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23 

114 

6  ft 

26 

L5i 

7* 

Mar. 

3 

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6ft 

Mar. 

2 

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6{* 

Mar.     5 

m 

74 

10 

124 

6* 

9 

11$ 

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15$ 

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124 

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19 

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6* 

26 

Holiday 

Holiday. 

31 

13 

6+ 

30 

Holiday 

Holiday 

Apr.      2 

15* 

8 

Apr. 

7 

12f 

6ft 

Apr. 

6 

Holiday 

6* 

9 

16 

8 

14 

12* 

Holiday. 

13 

11* 

6ft 

16 

15f 

8 

21 

12+ 

6$ 

20 

11* 

6ft 

23 

15f 

7* 

28 

12* 

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27 

10* 

5* 

30 

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May 

5 

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May 

4 

11 

5* 

May      7 

15* 

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12 

114 

6* 

11 

104 

5* 

14 

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7* 

19 

114 

6* 

18 

10+ 

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21 

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26 

III 

25 

10$ 

5*4 

28 

154 

7* 

June 

2 

Hf 

6 

Juue 

1 

104 

5* 

June     4 

15* 

7+f 

9 

11+ 

6 

8 

11* 

6 

11 

15 

7* 

16 

114 

6-ft 

15 

Hf 

6ft 

18 

15 

7ft 

23 

114 

64 

22 

11* 

6ft 

25 

154 

7ft 

30 

11$ 

6 

29 

U4 

6  ft 

July     2 

15i 

7ft 

July 

7 

Hi 

5* 

July 

6 

n$ 

6* 

9 

15* 

7* 

14 

11* 

5* 

13 

Hi 

6ft 

16 

15 

7 

21 

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5* 

20 

n$ 

6$ 

23 

14* 

m 

28 

11* 

511 

27 

Hi 

6ft 

30 

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7ft 

,  Aug- 

4 

11$ 

6ft 

Aug. 

3 

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Aug.     6 

14* 

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11 

11$ 

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10 

n 

6 

13 

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18 

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17 

10* 

6ft 

20 

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7ft 

25 

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6 

24 

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5U 

27 

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7ft 

Sept 

1 

11 

6 

31 

10* 

6 

Sept.     3 

14i 

7ft 

8 

10* 

6ft 

Sept. 

7 

10$ 

6 

10 

13+ 

7 

15 

10* 

6 

14 

11 

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17 

134 

6*4 

22 

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21 

11 

6ft 

24 

13 

6*4 

29 

10$ 

5{£ 

28 

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6$ 

Oct.      1 

12* 

61 

Oct. 

6 

10* 

5* 

Oct. 

5 

11* 

6* 

8 

13* 

6* 

13 

10* 

5*4 

12 

10* 

6ft 

15 

IS* 

7* 

20 

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19 

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22 

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27 

104 

6 

26 

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29 

124 

7 

Nov. 

3 

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2 

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6$ 

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611 

10 

12 

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9 

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19 

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24 

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6ft 

Dec.      3 

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24 

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29 

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28 

104 

64 

81 

12$ 

6*4 

376  WEEKLY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool  at  close  of  each  iveek,  1866  to  18SO. 


New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Liver- 
pool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Cent* 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

Cents 

Pence 

1878. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1879. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

1880. 

per  lb. 

per  lb. 

Jan. 

4 

m 

6f 

Jau. 

3 

9J 

5ft 

Jan. 

2 

HI 

$1 

11 

10| 

6f 

10 

91 

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9 

121 

7ft 

18 

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1 

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7 

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6 

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15 

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14 

91 

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13 

13 

71 

22 

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61 

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20 

124 

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Mar. 

1 

101 

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28 

91 

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27 

124 

7ft- 

8 

10| 

61 

Mar. 

7 

91 

5  ft 

Mar. 

5 

121 

71 

15 

101 

6ft 

14 

91 

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71 

22 

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6 

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51 

19 

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28 

101 

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26 

Holiday 

Holiday 

Apr. 

5 

101 

51 

Apr. 

4 

lOf 

61 

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2 

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71 

12 

10i 

6 

11 

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Holiday 

9 

121 

7i 

19 

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Holiday 

18 

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6| 

16 

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7 

26 

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5+1 

25 

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61 

23 

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61 

May 

3 

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2 

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6| 

30 

114 

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5| 

9 

12 

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May 

7 

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6+jj 

24 

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m 

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6 

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4 

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121 

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2 

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6 

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3 

101 

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12 

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Holiday 
Holiday 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  377 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xcw  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  I"  American  money  at  rate  of  •>.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Oilcans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

-Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Oilcans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1880. 

OenU  per  lb 

Cent*  per  lb. 

Cents  jar  lb. 

1880. 

Cent*  per  lb 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  ll>. 

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11* 

11+3 

14 

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lift 

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Oct.      1 

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12 

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4 

111 

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31 

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Holiday. 

378  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1881. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cen  ts  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1881. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

J 

an.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.     1 

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13 

31 

10! 

ioh 

12 

2 

HI 

11** 

12* 

Apr.      1 

10! 

io+* 

12 

3 

111 

11+* 

12| 

2 

10| 

10** 

12 

4 

111 

11** 

12* 

4 

10! 

io*| 

12 

5 

Hi 

lift 

12* 

5 

10! 

101 

12* 

7 

u* 

HA 

12f 

6 

10! 

101 

12* 

8 

Hi 

lift 

12| 

7 

10! 

io*t 

12* 

9 

Hi 

lift 

121 

8 

10! 

10*1 

12+ 

10 

Hi 

lift 

12* 

9 

10! 

io*f 

12* 

11 

Hi 

ll-i% 

12* 

11 

10! 

io  n 

12* 

12 

Hi 

lift 

12f 

12 

10! 

10* 

12* 

14 

Hi 

lift 

12j 

13 

10! 

10* 

12 

15 

ill 

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12* 

14 

10! 

10* 

12 

16 

ii 

Hia6 

12* 

15 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

17 

m 

lift 

12  i 

16 

i6| 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

18 

in 

lift 

12* 

18 

10* 

10* 

Holiday. 

19 

in 

lift 

12* 

19 

10* 

io*| 

12 

21 

Hi 

lift 

i-'v 

20 

10* 

10i 

11* 

22 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

12| 

21 

10* 

10| 

11* 

23 

H* 

1  1  " ',; 

12| 

22 

10+ 

ioi 

HI 

24 

H* 

lift 

12J 

23 

10* 

10| 

HI 

25 

H* 

lift 

121 

25 

10* 

101 

HI 

26 

Hi 

11.% 

12| 

26 

10+ 

101 

H* 

28 

11* 

1 1 , ;; 

12* 

27 
28 
29 

10* 
10* 

ioi 

101 
101 
10}* 

H* 
H* 
Hi 

30 

10* 

ioi* 

H| 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  STOT  COTTON. 


379 


Daily  quotations  oj  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New   York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


Now 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool 

New 
Orleans. 

Middling 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

i  Means. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

( )i  lialis. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1881. 

(  >  His  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

c,  iiis  per  n>. 

1881. 

Ci  nts  per  lb. 

('■ills  per  lb. 

Oents  per  lb. 

Ma\       2 

L04 

L0f 

1  ! 

July     l 

104 

lift 

124 

3 

10i 

10,-V 

11 1 

2 

104 

Holiday. 

12f 

4 

lir 

10A- 

11  ■ 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

12| 

5 

LCH 

10ft 

ll| 

5 

104 

Holiday. 

124 

6 

l"; 

lo,-;, 

Ll| 

6 

m 

lift 

124 

7 

10| 

10ft 

1 1  , 

7 

104 

lift 

124 

9 

10* 

10* 

li  : 

8 

ic 

h,3,t 

12f 

10 

lOi 

10ft 

li.i 

9 

10£ 

lift 

124 

11 

10  L 

10ft 

11 1 

11 

n 

114- 

124 

12 

104 

1"  | 

114 

12 

n 

114 

124 

13 

101 

10* 

11: 

13 

114 

HI 

124 

14 

10} 

10* 

Us 

14 

114 

lift 

134 

16 

104 

10,-r 

114 

15 

11* 

nft 

134 

17 

10i 

114 

16 

li* 

ii  A 

13* 

18 

io± 

loft 

114 

18 

li* 

11-Hr 

134 

19 

104- 

10; 

114 

19 

li* 

1114 

134 

'       20 

104- 

lo;,1 

114 

20 

li* 

ll-!i 

134 

21 

104: 

10| 

ll| 

21 

li* 

1144 

134 

23 

m 

lOf 

ill 

22 

li* 

1114 

134 

24 

10f 

10| 

114 

23 

114 

1114 

134 

25 

10| 

104 

114 

25 

ll* 

H14 

134 

26 

lOf 

LO+j 

ill 

26 

ll* 

iili 

134 

27 

10| 

114 

27 

llf 

114 

134 

28 

10i 

104 

114 

28 

114 

Hf 

13* 

30 

104 

Holiday. 

114 

29 

114 

H4 

13f 

31 

loi 

104 

114 

30 

1H 

12 

Holiday. 

June     1 

104 

ioii 

114 

Aug.     1 

114 

12* 

Holiday. 

2 

L0| 

lift 

124 

2 

114 

12* 

13f 

3 

L0| 

lift 

124 

3 

111 

124 

134 

4 

LO 

ii  ft 

Holiday. 

4 

114 

12ft 

13f 

6 

io| 

lift 

Holiday. 

5 

114 

12ft 

13f 

7 

10f 

lift 

Holiday. 

6 

114 

12ft 

134 

8 

10| 

lift 

L2| 

8 

114 

12ft 

134 

9 

10f 

lift 

124 

9 

m 

12 

134 

10 

lOf 

lift 

12| 

10 

114 

12 

13* 

11 

Id- 

lift 

124 

11 

114 

12 

13* 

13 

in: 

lift 

12* 

12 

H4 

12 

134 

14 

10f 

lift 

121; 

13 

114 

12 

13* 

15 

10f 

lift 

12| 

15 

114 

121 

13f 

16 

10* 

lift 

L2| 

16 

11: 

124 

134 

17 

10* 

H,'6 

124 

17 

124 

124 

134 

18 

10* 

lift 

12  r 

18 

124: 

124- 

14 

20 

104 

lift 

124 

19 

124- 

12* 

144 

21 

ioi 

M      ! 

124 

20 

124- 

124 

14 

22 

10f 

lift 

w 

22 

124 

12 .:;- 

14 

23 

10| 

lift 

11  , 

m 

23 

114 

12i 

14 

24 

lOf 

m 

24 

114 

12* 

134 

25 

10j 

lift 

12| 

25 

li 

124 

134 

27 

104 

11 

12: 

26 

iii 

12  l 

134 

28 

10| 

11 

124 

27 

n| 

12J 

134 

29 

LOf 

11 

124 

29 

1H 

124 

I3j 

30 

104 

lift 

L2j 

30 

11 

13 

134 

li             31 

11 

13 

13| 

380 


DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  yew  Orleans,  Neiv  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1S93 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penDy.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1881. 

Centsper  lb. 

Centsper  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1881. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centsper  lb. 

Sept.     1 

11 

12* 

13* 

Nov.     1 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

2 

11 

12* 

14* 

2 

H* 

HI 

12* 

3 

Hi 

12£ 

14* 

3 

H* 

HI 

12* 

5 

iii 

12  .V 

14| 

4 

H* 

H* 

12* 

6 

Hi 

12* 

14| 

5 

11* 

HI 

12* 

7 

ill 

12* 

144 

7 

H* 

HI 

12* 

8 

11* 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

8 

H* 

Holiday. 

12* 

9 

Hi 

12| 

14* 

9 

11* 

HI 

12* 

10 

Hi 

12U 

14| 

10 

11* 

HI 

12* 

12 

11* 

12f 

14* 

11 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

13 

H| 

12* 

14*. 

12 

HI 

Hf 

12* 

14 

Hi 

12| 

14* 

14 

Hi 

11* 

13 

15 

Hi 

Utt 

14* 

15 

H* 

Hi 

13* 

16 

Hi 

12i 

14| 

16 

11* 

11* 

13* 

17 

Hi 

12 

14* 

17 

11* 

Hi* 

13* 

19 

Hi 

hi 

14* 

18 

Hi 

11J-5 

13* 

20 

Holiday. 

11* 

Hi- 

19 

11* 

12 

13* 

21 

n* 

11* 

nt 

21 

11* 

Hit 

13* 

22 

HJ 

11* 

14* 

22 

11* 

Hi* 

13* 

23 

Hi 

11* 

14* 

23 

HI 

Hi* 

13* 

24 

Hi 

11+* 

14* 

24 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

13 

26 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

25 

HI 

11 1£ 

13 

27 

lit 

12 

HI 

26 

H* 

11 -1ft 

13* 

28 

H| 

12 

14* 

28 

H* 

12 

13* 

29 

H| 

Hi! 

14* 

29 

11* 

12 

13* 

30 

llf 

im 

14* 

30 

H* 

12 

13* 

Oct       1 

H| 

nit 

144 

Dec.      1 

11* 

12A 

13| 

3 

Ht 

ii* 

14* 

2 

HI 

12* 

13* 

4 

HI 

ii* 

141 

3 

H* 

12* 

13* 

5 

Hi 

nil 

14* 

5 

HI 

12* 

13* 

6 

Hi 

nf 

131 

6 

H* 

12U 

13* 

7 

11 

hi 

13* 

7 

HI 

12 

13* 

8 

10* 

Hi* 

13i 

8 

HI 

12 

13* 

10 

10: 

11* 

13i 

9 

HI 

Hi* 

13* 

11 

105 

HA 

13 

10 

H* 

Hi* 

13* 

12 

10* 

11* 

12* 

12 

HI 

Hi* 

13* 

13 

in: 

n* 

12* 

13 

HI 

ii  h 

13* 

14 

m 

n  A 

12* 

14 

HI 

ii* 

13* 

15 

m 

11* 

12* 

15 

11* 

n* 

13* 

17 

Holiday. 

11* 

12* 

16 

HI 

12 

13* 

18 

10* 

U* 

12* 

17 

11* 

12 

13* 

19 

10* 

Hi 

124 

19 

HI 

12 

13* 

20 

11 

H* 

12* 

20 

HI 

12 

13* 

21 

Hi 

11* 

124 

21 

11* 

12 

13* 

22 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

22 

H* 

12 

13* 

24 

H| 

HI 

12* 

23 

11* 

12 

13* 

25 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

24 

H* 

12 

Holiday. 

26 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

26 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

27 

11 

HI 

12* 

27 

ii* 

12 

18* 

28 

Hf 

11* 

13 

28 

HI 

12 

13* 

29 

Hi 

H* 

12* 

29 

H* 

12 

13* 

31 

Hi 

H* 

12* 

30 

HI 

12 

13* 

31 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  381 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in   Xew  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1882. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cent*  per  lb. 

1882. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  perlb. 

Jan.      2 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

1H 

lift 

13 

3 

HI 

Ll| 

13i 

2 

ni 

nH 

13 

4 

HI 

11;, 

13| 

3 

111 

llf 

13 

5 

HI 

11-rl 

13| 

4 

111 

llf 

13| 

6 

HI 

HI 

i:u 

6 

H| 

llf 

13! 

7 

1H 

HI 

13* 

7 

HI 

11+1 

13! 

9 

HI 

HI 

13* 

8 

llf 

lift 

13* 

10 

llf 

12 

13| 

9 

llf 

HI 

13* 

11 

Hf 

12 

13| 

10 

llf 

Hit 

13* 

12 

HI 

12 

13| 

11 

ii! 

12,',: 

13f 

13 

HI 

12 

13| 

13 

HI 

12ft 

13f 

14 

HI 

12 

13| 

14 

12 

12ft 

13f 

16 

HI 

12 

13| 

15 

12 

12| 

13! 

17 

HI 

12 

13| 

16 

12 

12ft 

13| 

18 

HI 

12 

13* 

17 

12 

12ft 

13* 

19 

HI 

12 

13* 

18 

12 

12ft 

13! 

20 

«f 

12 

13| 

20 

12 

12ft 

13! 

21 

HI 

12 

13| 

21 

12 

12ft 

13| 

23 

HI 

IliS 

13| 

22 

12 

12ft 

13| 

24 

HI 

11+1 

13* 

23 

12 

12  ft 

13| 

25 

HI 

nil 

13* 

24 

12 

12ft 

13| 

26 

HI 

12 

13* 

25 

12 

12ft 

13| 

27 

HI 

12 

13| 

27 

12 

12ft 

13* 

28 

HI 

12 

13| 

28 

12 

12  ft 

13* 

30 

HI 

12 

13| 

29 

12 

12| 

13* 

31 

HI 

12 

13* 

30 

12 

12! 

13* 

Feb.      1 

HI 

12 

13* 

31 

12 

12! 

13* 

2 

HI 

12 

13* 

Apr.      1 

12 

12! 

13* 

3 

H| 

12 

13* 

3 

12 

12ft 

13* 

4 

HI 

12 

13* 

4 

12 

12ft 

13* 

6 

H| 

12 

13* 

5 

12 

12ft 

13* 

7 

HI 

11  iff 

13i 

6 

12 

12ft 

13* 

8 

Hi 

HI 

13| 

7 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

g 

ni 

m 

13 

8 

12 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

10 

1 1 .', 

in 

12| 

10 

12 

12ft 

Holiday. 

n 

ni 

nf 

13 

11 

12 

12ft 

13* 

13 

ill 

HI 

13 

12 

12 

12! 

13* 

14 

HI 

lift 

12| 

13 

12 

12ft 

13! 

15 

Hi 

HA 

12| 

14 

12 

12* 

13! 

16 

hi 

HI 

12| 

15 

12 

12* 

13| 

17 

hi 

HI 

12! 

17 

12 

12* 

13| 

18 

hi 

HI 

13 

18 

12 

12* 

13i| 

20 

hi 

HI 

13 

19 

12 

12* 

L3| 

21 

ni 

HI 

13 

20 

12 

12* 

13k 

22 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

12| 

21 

12 

12* 

13| 

23 

Ill 

H| 

12! 

22 

12 

12* 

13! 

24 

HI 

H| 

12| 

24 

12 

12* 

13| 

25 

Hi 

ii  u- 

13 

25 

12 

12* 

13! 

27 

1H 

11-14 

13| 

26 

12 

12* 

13| 

28 

Hi 

HH 

13 

27 

12 

12* 

13! 

28 

12 

12* 

13| 

29 

12 

12* 

13| 

382  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  [notations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1882. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1882. 

Cen  ts  per  lb 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  pier  lb. 

May      1 

12 

12*f 

13| 

Julv      1 

12* 

12! 

13! 

2 

12 

12* 

13* 

3 

12* 

Holiday. 

13! 

3 

12 

12* 

13* 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

13! 

4 

12 

12* 

13* 

5 

12+ 

Holiday. 

13! 

5 

12 

12* 

13* 

6 

12f 

12* 

13! 

6 

12 

12* 

13* 

7 

12f 

12* 

13* 

8 

12 

12| 

13* 

8 

12£ 

12|| 

13* 

9 

12 

12ft 

13* 

10 

12* 

13 

14 

10 

12 

12ft 

ISi 

11 

12* 

13 

14 

11 

12* 

12ft 

13* 

12 

12* 

13 

14 

12 

12* 

12ft 

13* 

13 

12* 

12*| 

14 

13 

12* 

12ft 

13* 

14 

12* 

12* 

18* 

15 

m 

12ft 

13* 

15 

12* 

12* 

13* 

16 

12 

12ft 

13* 

17 

12f 

12|| 

13* 

17 

12 

12* 

13* 

18 

12f 

12! 

13* 

18 

12 

12* 

13* 

19 

12f 

12! 

13* 

iy 

12 

12* 

13* 

20 

12f 

12! 

13* 

20 

12 

12* 

13* 

21 

12f 

12! 

13* 

22 

12 

12* 

13* 

22 

12| 

12! 

13* 

23 

12 

12* 

13* 

24 

12f 

12! 

13* 

24 

12 

12* 

13* 

25 

12| 

12! 

14 

25 

12 

12* 

13* 

26 

12f 

12f 

14* 

26 

12 

12* 

13* 

27 

12f 

12*g 

14* 

27 

12 

12* 

Holiday. 

28 

12| 

12* 

14* 

29 

12 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

29 

12| 

12* 

14* 

30 

12 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

31 

12| 

i.H  :: 

14* 

31 

12 

12* 

>3* 

Aug.     1 

12! 

12  M 

14* 

June     1 

12 

12ft 

13* 

2 

12! 

12* 

14 

2 

12 

12ft 

13* 

3 

12f 

13 

14 

3 

12 

12ft 

13* 

4 

12f 

13ft 

14 

5 

12 

12* 

m 

5 

12f 

13ft 

Holiday. 

6 

12 

12ft 

13| 

7 

12f 

13ft 

Holiday. 

7 

12 

12ft 

131 

8 

12f 

13ft 

14 

8 

12i 

12* 

13+ 

9 

12f 

13 

14* 

9 

12* 

12* 

13* 

10 

12f 

13 

14* 

10 

12* 

12* 

13* 

11 

12* 

13 

14* 

12 

m 

12* 

13* 

12 

12* 

13 

14* 

13 

m 

12?* 

13* 

14 

12f 

13 

14* 

14 

i-'i 

12ft 

13* 

15 

12* 

13ft 

14* 

15 

L2* 

12ft 

13* 

16 

12* 

13ft 

14* 

16 

12* 

L2ft 

13* 

17 

12f 

13ft 

14! 

17 

124 

\.^t\ 

i:;.i 

18 

12f 

13ft 

14! 

19 

12* 

L2ft 

13* 

19 

121 

13ft 

14f 

20 

12* 

12ft 

13| 

21 

12* 

13  ft 

14* 

21 

12* 

12* 

1.^ 

22 

12:3 

13 

14* 

22 

I2v 

12ft 

13! 

23 

12f 

13 

141 

23 

12| 

12ft 

13 1 

24 

128 

13 

14* 

24 

l2| 

12* 

13f 

25 

12* 

121! 

14* 

26 

11'- 

12* 

13f 

26 

12! 

12A£ 

14* 

27 

12| 

12| 

13| 

28 

12! 

12*1 

14* 

28 

m 

I'J 

13| 

29 

12* 

13H 

14* 

29 

12* 

12f 

l'.:, 

30 

12* 

12  H 

14* 

30 

12*  1 

12|    I 

134 

31 

12f 

12*| 

14* 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  383 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  Americarfnioney  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Middling 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Biiddling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1882. 

CenUperlb. 

CenUperlb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

iss2. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centsperlb. 

Sept.    1 

12f 

12| 

Hi 

Nov.      1 

10i 

10A 

12| 

2 

w 

12* 

Hi 

2 

104 

10+ 

124 

4 

I2i 

12ft 

Hi 

3 

104 

10+ 

124 

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12 

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lift 

13+ 

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26 

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384 


DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1193. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  Amqpican  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


Xew 
Orleans. 

Xew  Yorlc. 

1 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1883. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1883. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

9f 

io,% 

114 

2 

9| 

io,% 

ll.V 

2 

9| 

io,% 

114 

3 

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104 

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3 

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H4 

4 

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104 

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5 

91 

io,% 

H4 

5 

9f 

104 

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6 

9| 

io,% 

H4 

6 

91 

104 

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7 

9| 

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114 

8 

9| 

104 

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8 

91 

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9 

9f 

104 

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9 

91 

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114 

10 

91 

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10 

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114 

11 

91 

10ft 

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12 

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114 

12 

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13 

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13 

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14 

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15 

91 

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16 

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17 

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114 

21 

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24 

91 

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iii 

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91 

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25 

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iii 

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26 

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27 

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27 

91 

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29 

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29 

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30 

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30 

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114 

31 

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Feb.      1 

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ill 

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94 

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113 

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Hi 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT   COTTON.  385 

paily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Xew  YorTc,  and  Liverpool  1SSO  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 


Middling 

Orleans. 


1883. 

May      1 

2 

3 

4 


9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 

it; 

17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 
31 
June  l 
2 


6 

7 
8 
9 

11 
12 
13 

14 
15 

16 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

COT 


('•■a ta  per  Hi 
10 
10 
10 

m 

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10ft 

H',;, 

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10 

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10 

10 

10 

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10 

10 

m 

9| 
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91? 
9+1 
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0,14 

Q  i   :; 

■'] .. 
—VOL  2 


New  York. 


Liverpool. 


Middling 

Upland. 


10* 

in 

10| 
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11 
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lo  ■, 
25 


Middling 
Upland. 


Cents  per  lb 
HI 
Hi 

ill 

iif 

Hi 

ik 

ll| 

LIS 

HI 
Holiday. 
Holiday, 

Holiday. 
HI 

11* 
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114 
114 

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ll| 
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ill 
111 
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Hi 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York 

.    Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

1883. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

I  //<  r  11 

.  Cents  per  II 

.  Cents  per  lb. 

•  July      2 

9}f 

10ft 

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3 

9  § 

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ill 

4 

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23 

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7 

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20 

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m 

10ft 

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28 

911 

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29 

m 

101 

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30 

91 

101 

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31  1 

9|    1 

101    1 

111 

386  DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 
<  'ents  )>rr  lb. 

Upland. 

Upland . 

1883. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1883. 

( 'ents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Snpt. 

1 

9| 

m 

11} 

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io,% 

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12 

3 

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12 

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Holiday. 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 


387 


Daily  quotations  of  .spot  cotton   in  X<  ic  Oilcan*,  Xew   Fork,  and  Lira-pool,  1SS0  to  1S03. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  »"ate  of  2c.  to  the  penny.] 


New 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

I.i\  rrpool. 

Orleans. 

Xew  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

.Middling 

Middling 

( Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1884. 

(  .    •    per  M>. 

Cents  perlb. 

( 'ruts  per  lb. 

1884. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.       1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

10  A 

10* 

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2 

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l'l' 

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5 

in 

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5 

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Apr.      1 

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Feb       1 

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10| 

Hf 

17 

111 

ii* 

12* 

18 

io| 

10| 

11; 

18 

HI 

ll; 

13* 

19 

10$ 

in 

ll: 

19 

HI 

11* 

12* 

20 

10| 

in, 

H| 

21 

HI 

11* 

12| 

21 

L0| 

LOj 

ll; 

22 

Holiday. 

ii 

12f 

22 

Eoliday. 

Holiday. 

ii 

23 

HI 

11* 

12| 

23 

LOft 

in, 

ii, 

24 

N, 

H* 

12  a 

25 

10i 

in, 

III 

25 

Hi 

ll; 

12$ 

26 

Iloliilav. 

in    : 

ii, 

26 

iii 

H* 

12| 

27 

10* 

in; 

HI 

28 

hi 

11* 

13| 

28 

10* 

io| 

HI 

29 

ii 

HI 

12i 

29 

m 

m 

Hi 

30 

H| 

HI 

12* 

388 


DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Neio  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  io  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling. 

Middling 

Middling. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland". 

1884. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  pi  r  lb. 

1884. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

Llf 

Hf 

m 

July      1 

11 

11 

12* 

2 

11: 

Hf 

12* 

2 

11 

11* 

12f 

3 

U* 

llf 

12* 

3 

11 

11* 

12f 

5 

11* 

11* 

l-'i: 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

12f 

6 

lli 

111 

12* 

5 

11 " 

Holiday. 

12f 

7 

11* 

Hi 

12* 

7 

11 

HA 

12f 

8 

11* 

litt 

12f 

8 

10* 

UA 

12i 

9 

11* 

ill* 

12| 

9 

10* 

n 

12* 

10 

11* 

nu 

12| 

10 

10* 

ii 

12| 

12 

11* 

1144 

12i 

11 

10*« 

ii 

12f 

13 

11* 

Hi* 

12i 

12 

10*| 

ii 

12| 

14 

11* 

HI 

12* 

14 

10*3 

ii 

12| 

15 

11* 

iirV 

12i 

15 

10*1 

ii 

12f 

16 

Hi 

11* 

12* 

16 

10*3 

n 

12* 

17 

11* 

Hi 

12* 

17 

10*f 

n 

12* 

19 

11* 

HA 

12f 

18 

10*1 

n 

12* 

20 

11* 

HA 

12f 

19 

10}$ 

n 

12* 

21 

11* 

HA 

12f 

21 

10*f 

ii 

12* 

22 

11* 

11* 

12f 

22 

io*| 

ii 

12* 

23 

11* 

llf 

12f 

23 

10*1 

n 

12* 

24 

11* 

llf 

12| 

24 

10*1 

ii 

12* 

26 

11* 

llf 

12f 

25 

10| 

n 

12* 

27 

11* 

llf 

12| 

26 

10| 

ii 

12* 

28 

11* 

llf 

12f 

28 

10| 

ii 

12* 

29 

HA 

llf 

12f 

29 

10| 

ii 

12* 

30 

HiV 

Holiday. 

12| 

30 

101* 

ii 

12* 

31 

lit 

11| 

Holiday. 

31 

10*1 

n.-V 

12* 

June     2 

ill 

HA 

Holiday. 

Aug.      1 

ion 

Hi's 

12* 

3 

11  A 

liA 

Holiday. 

2 

ioil 

11 

Holiday. 

4 

11* 

ua 

12| 

4 

101* 

11 

Holiday. 

5 

11* 

ha 

12:^ 

5 

105 

11 

12* 

6 

UA 

HA 

12| 

6 

10| 

m% 

12| 

7 

HI 

ill 

12| 

7 

10* 

mi 

12f 

9 

lit 

iif 

1-; 

8 

10* 

io*| 

124 

10 

ill 

ii| 

12f 

9 

10*, 

10!  % 

12* 

11 

111 

iif 

12J 

11 

10* 

io*| 

124 

12 

ii  A 

iif 

12  ■ 

12 

10* 

10* 

12* 

13 

HfV 

iif 

12^ 

13 

10* 

10* 

12| 

14 

ha 

UA 

12  < 

14 

10i 

105 

12  ij 

16 

ii-fr 

UA 

125 

15 

tOA 

1(1; 

L2| 

17 

lift 

Hi 

12| 

16 

ioa 

io| 

i-s 

IS 

ii* 

UA 

12| 

18 

ioa 

10* 

12| 

19 

ii* 

HA 

12J 

19 

ioa 

10* 

12* 

20 

ii* 

iif 

1-, 

20 

ioa 

10| 

l-'i 

21 

ii| 

ha 

12| 

21 

ioa 

104 

12* 

23 

n* 

L1J 

L2| 

22 

10* 

10* 

12* 

24 

ii* 

11* 

12f 

23 

10* 

104 

12 

25 

ii* 

11* 

1-': 

25 

10i 

LOf 

12 

26 

ii* 

HA 

12f 

26 

10* 

10| 

12 

27 

ii 

HA 

I-: 

27 

ioa 

101  ii 

12* 

28 

ii 

im 

12* 

28 

ioa 

105 

12* 

30 

ii 

ioil 

12* 

29 

10** 

lOl 

12* 

30 

104 

io*f 

12f 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


389 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xt  w  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  J8D3. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  :>e.  to  a  penny.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Xew 
Orleans. 

Xew  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1884. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  ;    r  Hi. 

1884. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.     1 

10i 

101* 

Nov.      1 

9ft 

91 

11 

2 

10!  1 

101 

L2j 

3 

9ft 

91 

11 

3 

ioft 

101 

w 

4 

9ft 

Holidav. 

11 

.1 

10| 

104 

5 

91 

91 

104 

5 

102 

I0i 

12f 

6 

91 

91 

104 

6 

lOf 

101 

124 

7 

9ft 

9,4 

n 

8 

10ft 

101 

8 

91 

m 

n 

9 

10ft 

101 

'-- 

10 

Oil 

"'16 

10 

m 

10 

10* 

101 

12i 

11 

qu 

10ft 

ill 

11 

10| 

10| 

121 

12 

yI  6 

10ft 

iH 

13 

ioft 

io| 

121 

13 

91 

101 

HI 

13 

10ft 

1",: 

121 

14 

91 

101 

iH 

15 

ioft 

io| 

121 

15 

91 

101 

ill 

16 

10 

12 

17 

10 

101 

ill 

17 

10 

101 

12 

18 

10 

10ft 

ill 

18 

10 

10ft 

12 

19 

101 

10  ft 

HI 

19 

91 

104 

HI 

20 

101 

10  ft 

Hi 

20 

91 

10| 

HI 

21 

101 

104 

ill 

22 

9{i 

lOf 

HI 

22 

10ft 

10ft 

HI 

23 

10 

10| 

111 

24 

101 

10  ft 

ill 

24 

10 

10| 

HI 

25 

101 

10  ft 

HI 

25 

10 

LOft 

HI 

26 

101 

10  ft 

lit 

26 

m 

10ft 

HI 

27 

101 

Holiday. 

lit 

27 

9| 

101 

HI 

28 

101 

10ft 

ill 

29 

91 

101 

111 

29 

10 

10  ft 

ni 

30 

91 

101 

ni 

Dec.      1 

10  ft 

10ft 

Hi 

Oct.      1 

91 

101 

hi 

2 

101 

101 

ill 

2 

9+f 

101 

ill 

3 

101 

10  ft 

ni 

3 

m 

101 

ill 

4 

10ft 

<     10J 

ni 

4 

94 

101 

ill 

5 

10ft 

10| 

ni 

6 

91 

101 

ill 

G 

101 

104 

ni 

7 

91 

10ft 

Hi 

8 

10ft 

11 

ni 

8 

q 

"I  0 

10ft 

1 1 1 

9 

10ft 

11 

ni 

9 

94 

10 

114 

10 

10ft 

11 

ni 

10 

94 

10 

Ll| 

11 

101 

101 

iif 

11 

q  " 

10 

HI 

12 

101 

101 

ni 

13 

9i 

10 

HI 

13 

101 

101 

m 

14 

9i 

10 

HI 

15 

10ft 

L0  | 

ni 

15 

9t 

:»': 

1H 

16 

Holiday. 

1  ( ) '  S- 

lurs 

m 

16 

9H 

11 

17 

101 

11 

ni 

17 

9H 

9H 

11 

18 

10ft 

ion 

ni 

18 

m 

9*f 

11 

19 

10ft 

n 

ni 

20 

m 

m 

11 

20 

10ft 

n 

114 

21 

91 

91 

11 

22 

101 

nft 

111 

22 

9ft 

91 

101 

23 

lOf 

m 

ni 

23 

91 

91 

104 

24 

1": 

nft 

12 

24 

9^ 

9| 

101 

25 

Holidav. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

25 

91 

9f 

104 

26 

101 

lift 

]  toliday. 

27 

91 

101 

27 

ioi 

lift 

Holiday. 

28 

9| 

101 

29 

]"■ 

lift 

12 

29 

104 

30 

10A- 

lift 

12 

30 

91 

io| 

31 

io| 

lift 

12 

31 

9J 

91 

11 

390  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1S93 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  lork. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1885. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1885. 
Mar.      2 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centsperlb. 

Centsperlb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

m 

lift 

12$ 

2 

10* 

11$ 

12 

3 

10ft 

Ht 

12$ 

3 

10$ 

11$ 

12 

4 

10$ 

Hf 

12$ 

5 

10ft 

11$ 

12 

5 

10$ 

lit 

12$ 

6 

10ft 

Hi 

12 

6 

10+ 

lit 

12$ 

7 

10f 

11$ 

12 

7 

10$ 

Hf 

12$ 

8 

iot 

11$ 

12 

9 

10$ 

lit 

12$ 

9 

lOf 

11$ 

HI 

10 

10$ 

lift 

12$ 

10 

lOf 

11$ 

Hi 

11 

10$ 

11$ 

12 

12 

lOf 

lift 

HI 

12 

10+ 

lift 

HI 

13 

lOf 

lift 

u* 

13 

10$ 

lift 

HI 

14 

10ft 

lift 

lit 

14 

10$ 

11$ 

12 

15 

10ft 

lift 

Hi 

16 

10ft 

11$ 

12 

16 

10ft 

lift 

ill 

17 

10  ft 

lift 

12 

17 

10ft 

lift 

iif 

18 

10  ft 

lift 

12 

19 

10ft 

lift 

HI 

19 

lOf 

lift 

12 

20 

10  ft 

lift 

HI 

20 

lOf 

11,4, 

12 

21 

10ft 

11 

ni 

21 

lOf 

11-5, 

12 

22 

10| 

lift 

HI 

23 

10ft 

iJ-16 

12 

23 

10$ 

11$ 

ni 

24 

10  ft 

lift 

12 

24 

10ft 

lift 

12 

25 

10ft 

H$ 

12 

26 

lOf 

Hi 

12 

26 

10ft 

11$ 

12 

27 

10  ft 

lift 

12 

27 

10ft 

lift 

12 

28 

10ft 

n$ 

12 

28 

10ft 

lift 

HI 

29 

10| 

n$ 

12 

30 

10ft 

H$ 

HI 

30 

lOf 

lift 

12 

31 

10ft 

H$ 

12 

31 

10f 

n$ 

12 

Apr.      1 

lOf 

H$ 

12 

Feb.      2 

io| 

n$ 

HI 

2 

10f 

lift 

12 

3 

10ft 

n$ 

HI 

3 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

4 

10ft 

n$ 

HI 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

5 

10$ 

n$ 

HI 

6 

10f 

lift 

Holiday. 

6 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

7 

10f 

lift 

12$ 

7 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

8 

10| 

lift 

12$ 

9 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

9 

lOf 

lift 

12 

10 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

10 

10ft 

lift 

HI 

11 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

11 

10$ 

lift 

HI 

12 

Holiday. 

n$ 

12 

13 

10f 

io$i 

HI 

13 

10+ 

n$ 

12 

14 

10ft 

io1,  S 

HI 

14 

10* 

lift 

12 

15 

10  7, 
'"  i  6 

io$i 

HI 

16 

10$ 

lift 

12 

16 

10$ 

ii 

HI 

17 

Holiday. 

lift 

12 

17 

io| 

ii 

Hi 

18 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

18 

10$ 

ii 

12 

19 

10$ 

n$ 

12 

20 

10$ 

ii 

12 

20 

10$ 

ill 

12 

21 

LOft 

ii 

11* 

21 

lOi 

lift 

12 

22 

10!; 

10ft 

11 

23 

L0| 

Holiday. 

12$ 

23 

to| 

m 

HI 

24 

in 

lift 

12$ 

24 

L0| 

10$ 

111 

25 

io  :. 

lift 

12$ 

25 

10  ft 

10ft 

111 

26 

LO 

11$ 

12$ 

27 

10ft 

lOr'Vi 

HI 

27 

iotf 

11$ 

12$ 

28 

10$ 

10* 

Ht 

28 

10f 

lift 

12$ 

29 

10$ 

iot 

Hf 

30 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

HI 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON.  391 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Neio   Fork,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1SS3. 

[LiverjHnii  pri<  es  reduced  t<>  American  money  a<  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

M  iddling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

i  pland. 
Cents  perlb. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1885. 

Cents  pertb. 

i  entsperlb. 

1885. 

Cents  perlb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  perlb. 

May      1 

10ft 

LOfc 

HI 

July     1 

10 

10+ 

HI 

2 

10 

10  J 

11! 

2 

10 

10i 

111 

4 

1(1; 

10i 

11 

3 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

HI 

5 

LO 

10*3 

11 1 

4 

1  loliday. 

Holiday. 

HI 

6 

H  ■■. 

10[g 

11; 

6 

10 

10+ 

11| 

7 

io| 

10* 

n 

7 

10 

10+ 

H| 

8 

L0| 

10| 

ll| 

8 

10 

10+ 

111 

9 

10| 

,       10J 

111 

9 

10 

10+ 

H! 

11 

m 

1"  ■ 

HI 

10 

10 

10+ 

11* 

12 

105 

10H 

11! 

11 

9iS 

10ft 

Hi 

13 

L0| 

10    | 

ill 

13 

91* 

lOf 

Hi 

14 

L0  ■.. 

10* 

in 

14 

9| 

10i 

Hi 

15 

10ft 

10; 

ii; 

15 

9!i 

io, V 

U* 

16 

K),-., 

10| 

HI 

16 

9| 

10ft 

11 

18 

10,".. 

101 

Hi 

17 

9* 

10ft 

11 

19 

I":7,; 

io| 

ill 

18 

91 

10ft 

11 

20 

10ft 

ioa 

ii; 

20 

9| 

10 

11 

21 

10* 

11 

ill 

21 

n 

10 

10* 

22 

10* 

11 

HI 

22 

9| 

10ft 

11 

23 

10* 

11 

Holiday. 

23 

9* 

10± 

11 

25 

10* 

11 

Holiday. 

24 

9| 

10| 

U* 

26 

10* 

11 

Holiday. 

25 

9| 

10ft 

11 

27 

10+ 

10H 

HI 

27 

9| 

101- 

11 

28 

10ft 

10fJ 

HI 

28 

9| 

104 

11 

29 

10ft 

10  If, 

HI 

29 

9* 

10ft 

11 

30 

10ft 

Holiday. 

HI 

30 

9* 

10ft 

11 

June     1 

Loft 

loft 

HI 

31 

9| 

10+ 

11 

2 

io,V 

lOif 

HI 

Aug.      1 

9| 

10+ 

Holiday. 

3 

10  V 

io| 

ll| 

3 

9| 

10+ 

Holiday. 

4 

10| 

10| 

11; 

4 

9i 

10+ 

10| 

5 

lOf 

10| 

111 

5 

Oil 

10ft 

11 

6 

111; 

10* 

HI 

6 

m 

10ft 

11 

8 

ioft 

ion 

n* 

7 

9f 

10+ 

11* 

9 

toi 

in; 

115 

8 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

11+ 

10 

10i 

10H 

111 

10 

9| 

10+ 

Hi 

11 

10i 

10H 

lk: 

11 

9f 

10+ 

H* 

12 

10i 

lOf 

Hi 

12 

9f 

10+ 

H* 

13 

10ft 

10f 

Hi 

13 

9* 

10  ft 

11+ 

15 

LO 

ior,; 

11  + 

14 

9f 

10  ft 

11* 

16 

LO  ,, 

ioft 

11* 

15 

9| 

10ft 

11 

17, 

10ft 

10* 

H| 

17 

9* 

10  ft 

11 

18 

10ft 

10+ 

ll| 

18 

101 

10* 

19 

10 

10ft 

HI 

lit 

9H 

lOf 

10* 

20 

10 

10ft 

U| 

20 

H 

10ft 

10? 

22 

10 

l!l:' 

U| 

21 

91 

10ft 

10; 

23 

9Ui 

io| 

HI 

22 

9ft 

10ft 

10* 

24 

m 

L0| 

Hi 

24 

9ft 

10  ft 

10* 

25 

9H 

10f 

Hi 

25 

9ft 

10  ft 

10* 

26 

91 ;: 

10ft 

Hi 

26 

9i 

10ft 

10* 

27 

10ft 

HI 

27 

9* 

10  ft 

10* 

29 

qi  * 

10ft 

111 

28 

9i 

10  ft 

11 

30 

»H 

10ft 

HI 

29 

9i 

10  ft 

11 

31 

9i 

10ft 

11 

392  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Dailu  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1885. 

Gents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1885. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centa  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.     1 

94 

m 

11 

Nov.      2 

9 

94 

10f 

2 

9* 

104 

11 

3 

9 

Holiday. 

lOf 

3 

94 

104 

10| 

4 

9 

91 

lOf 

4 

9* 

10ft 

10} 

5 

9 

9| 

lOf 

5 

93 

10ft 

101 

6 

9 

9| 

10| 

7 

9| 

10ft 

101 

7 

9 

9ft 

104 

8 

94 

10ft 

101 

9 

w 

9ft 

104 

9 

•   94 

10 

101 

10 

Holiday. 

9f 

104 

10 

93 

10ft 

10! 

11 

8} 

9ft 

104 

11 

94 

10ft 

10! 

12 

81 

9ft 

104 

12 

94 

10ft 

101 

13 

8^ 

9f 

104 

14 

94 

10ft 

101 

14 

84£ 

91 

10| 

15 

94 

10ft 

101 

16 

8}$ 

9| 

lOf 

16 

9ft 

10ft 

101 

17 

8!i 

9ft 

lOf 

17 

9ft 

10ft 

101 

18 

w 

9ft 

10| 

18 

9ft 

10ft 

101 

19 

8ft 

9ft 

10| 

19 

91% 

io  ft 

101 

20 

8ff 

9ft 

lOf 

21 

94 

10ft 

101 

21 

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31 

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104 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


393 


Dai!}  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool  1SS0  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1886. 

per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1886. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents pe r  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

J 

an.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

8ft 

84 

n 

2 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

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84 

94 

4 

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9 

94 

5 

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94 

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4 

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9ft 

91 

6 

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94 

10 

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9ft 

94 

7 

9ft 

10 

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91 

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10 

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9ft 

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12 

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104 

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18 

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eb.      1 

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94 

21 

m 

94 

104 

23 

8ft 

8J 

9f 

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94 

104 

24 

8ft 

84 

9 

23 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

25 

8i 

8| 

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Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

26 

8ft 

8  i 

94 

26 

8** 

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Holiday. 

27 

8ft 

811 

9f 

27 
28 
29 
80 

8| 

84 
84 

8,5 

94 
94 
9ft 

9ft 

104 
104 

104 
104 

394 


DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  xpoi  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1886. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  tb. 

1886. 

Cents  pc  ■rib. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

m 

( 1 1  fi 

•'    1     H 

10i 

July     1 

9 

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4 

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lOf 

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lOf 

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104 

G 

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9ft 

10| 

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9 

9ft 

104 

7 

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94 

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101 

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9ft 

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101 

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91 

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DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  395 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  A.merioan  money  at  rate  «>t'  2c.  (<>  a  penny.] 


Orleans. 

New  York. 
Middling 

Liverpool. 

-Middling 

Middling. 

Orleans. 

Opli 

Upland. 

1886. 

pi  r  lb. 

Ccnt.s  per  lb. 

r.  nl.<  i  rr  lb, 

Sept.     1 

9ft 

10| 

2 

Si 

9ft 

10; 

3 

Si 

9ft 

in; 

4 

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m; 

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104 

16 

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20 

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27 

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94 

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Oct.      1 

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io| 

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t; 

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104 

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83 

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8ft 

94 

104 

1SS6. 

Nov, 


Dec. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

29 

30 

1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


New 
Orleans. 


Middling 

Oilcans. 


Cent*  per  lb 

8ft 

84 
8* 

N.',     ■ 

s: 
84 
84 
84 

84 

8ft 
8ft 


8f 
81 

844 

*:,', 

814 
844 
844 

x-i 
81 
844 
8-44 

844 


8S 

m 

84 

°l  6 

9ft 

94 

94 

94 

94 

9* 

94 

94 

9 

9 

841 
9 
9 
9 
Holiday. 
9 
9 
9 

9ft 
9ft 


Now  York. 


Middling 
Upland. 


( '.itts  per  u> 
9  '• 

Holiday. 
9 

94 
94 
94 
94 
94 
94 
94 

I)    It 

9,;!,r 
9ft 
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9ft 

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9ft 
9ft 
9ft 
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o,*3, 

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9ft 

0  3, 

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qX 

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94 

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9ft 

9ft 

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94 

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94 

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9ft 

9ft 
9ft 
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9ft 
9ft 
9ft 
94 
94 


Liverpool. 


Middling 
r  pland. 


( '.  nti  per  lb. 
10J 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
104 
L0| 
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loi 

10* 
104 

10* 
Holiday. 
Holiday. 

10* 

104 
10| 

104 


396  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New- 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1887. 

Centi  per  lb. 

Oenti  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1887. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

91 

QAr 

vl  6 

lOf 

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9ft 

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2 

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Feb.     1 

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Apr.      1 

101 

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3 

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4 

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10 

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DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  397 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xcw  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  ISSO  to  1S0S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


Xew 
Orleans. 

i 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling. 

Middling. 

Middling. 

Middling. 

Middling. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

( IrlaanB. 

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DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to    American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


1887 
Sept. 


1 

2 

3 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

12 

13 

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16 

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rleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Middling 

New  York. 

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Middling 

Middling  } 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Qpland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

('cuts  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  '&• 

1887. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

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!" 

10 

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DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  399 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  i»  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S03 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  .American  money  at  rate  of  "Jc.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  Vol  k. 

Lr*  erpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

^Middling 

^Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1  Irleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1888. 

per  lb. 

per  16. 

( 'en  ts  per  lb 

1888. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      2 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday.' 

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400  DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xeic  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool  1SS0  to  1SDS. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


Xew 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1888. 

Gents  per  U>. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1888. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

( 'entsper  lb. 

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m 

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DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 


401 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  »  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1888. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cent*  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1888. 

Cents  per  lb. 

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n 

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24 

9ft 

9i-| 

nt 

24 

91 

9* 

Holiday. 

25 

9ft 

9!  3 

nt 

25 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

26 

9ft 

9f§ 

nt 

26 

91 

9i 

Holiday. 

27 

9| 

9fS 

ill 

27 

91 

9t 

10t 

29 

9ft 

9« 

IH 

28 

91 

9* 

iot 

30 

9ft 

9!^ 

HI 

29 

91 

9i 

iot 

31 
C 

9ft 

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9ff 
2        26 

111  i 

31 

9| 

9i 

Holiday. 

402 


DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xeiv  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,   1SS0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  11. 

Cent* per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.     1 

9f 

10ft 

Hi 

2 

91 

9f 

10f 

2 

9f 

10ft 

Hi 

3 

9ft 

9f 

10f 

4 

m 

10ft 

Hi 

4 

84 

911 

10f 

5 

Holiday. 

10ft 

Hi 

5 

91 

8H 

101 

6 

q.i.s 

10ft 

Hf 

7 

91 

9|| 

101 

7 

911 

10,% 

HI 

8 

9+ 

Q13 

101 

8 

Q15. 
•J  l  6 

10ft 

HI 

9 

8ft 

q  La 

101 

9 

9|| 

10ft 

HI 

10 

9ft 

9ft 

101 

11 

91 

10ft 

HI 

11 

8ft 

91 

11 

12 

91 

10ft 

HI 

12 

8ft 

91 

11 

13 

91 

10ft 

HI 

14 

8* 

91 

11 

14 

9|| 

10i 

US 

15 

84 

9H 

11 

15 

9ft 

101 

111 

16 

8* 

9}g 

11 

16 

9| 

10-ft 

111 

17 

8ft 

9^ 

11 

18 

91 

101 

111 

18 

8ft 

9M 

11 

19 

9| 

101 

111 

19 

8f 

9]1 

111 

20 

.    9* 

101 

111 

21 

9f 

9H 

111 

21 

qj-5 

101 

111 

22 

9| 

111 

22 

911 

10* 

111 

23 

8iff 

91 

11 

23 

m 

101 

111 

24 

9ft 

91 

11 

25 

911 

101 

111 

25 

8ft 

91 

11 

26 

9ii 

101 

111 

26 

8ft 

91 

11 

27 

91 

101 

111 

28 

9* 

91 

11 

28 

m 

101 

111 

29 

84 

91 

11 

29 

911 

10  ft 

111 

30 

94 

^i 

11 

30 

9H 

10ft 

111 

31 

9+ 

91 

11 

Apr.      1 

9ft 

10ft 

111 

Feb.      1 

9+ 

014. 

11 

2 

qu 

10ft 

111 

2 

9| 

10 

11 

3 

10 

101 

111 

4 

81 

10 

111 

4 

10ft 

101 

111 

5 

9f 

10 

111 

5 

30ft 

101 

111 

6 

101 

111 

6 

101 

101 

114 

7 

101 

111 

8 

10ft 

10ft 

114 

8 

qu 

101 

Hi 

9 

10ft 

101 

111 

9 

8U 

101 

111 

10 

101 

101 

11* 

11 

9ft 

10ft 

111 

11 

in" 

10* 

llf 

12 

8f 

10ft 

ill 

12 

101 

104 

111 

13 

9ft 

10 

m 

13 

10ft 

10f 

llf 

14 

9ft 

10 

m 

15 

10ft 

io!,', 

111 

15 

9ft 

10 

m 

16 

10-ft 

10ft 

111 

16 

9ft 

10ft 

m 

17 

101 

lOf 

111 

18 

9ft 

10ft 

111 

18 

101 

in 

12 

19 

9ft 

10ft 

m 

19 

Holiday. 

Holidav. 

Holiday. 

20 

81 

101 

111 

20 

Holiday. 

ioft 

Holiday. 

21 

9 

101 

111 

22 

104 

lOif 

Holiday. 

22 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Hi 

23 

10ft 

ioft 

Holidav. 

23 

m 

101 

ill 

24 

10ft 

1(1:    , 

12 

25 

94 

101 

111 

25 

10ft 

10H 

12 

26 

101 

m 

26 

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101 

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27 

to  ;, 

11 

12 

28 

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10ft 

111 

2!) 

10j 

11  ' 

124 

1             30 

10$ 

Holiday. 

12J 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON.  403 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in   .V»'»'  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

/-('/■  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

lOf 

Holiday. 

i_<; 

July      1 

11); 

11* 

124 

2 

10! 

Hi 

11': 

2 

10; 

Hi 

124 

3 

10! 

H* 

12 

3 

10| 

lit 

124 

4 

10| 

n* 

12| 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

124 

6 

10J 

H* 

12i 

5 

10H 

Hi 

124 

7 

10!  i 

Hi 

w 

6 

in 

Hi 

124 

8 

lOf 

ii  \ 

12i 

8 

10H 

H* 

12f 

9 

log 

H* 

12i 

9 

101S 

11* 

12| 

10 

io| 

11 

12i 

10 

i.o  b 

Hi 

12f 

11 

L0| 

11 

12i 

11 

1043 

11* 

12f 

13 

10| 

11 

12 

12 

lOit 

Hi 

12f 

14 

lOf 

11 

12 

13 

11 

114 

12f 

15 

lOf 

11* 

12 

15 

11 

114 

12| 

16 

10f 

H* 

12i 

16 

11 

Hi 

12f 

17 

lOf 

11* 

12 

17 

11 

Hi 

12f 

18 

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12 

18 

11 

Hi 

12f 

20 

lOf 

11* 

12 

19 

11 

H4 

12f 

21 

10* 

11* 

12 

20 

11 

114 

124 

22 

lOf 

11* 

12 

22 

11 

11* 

124 

23 

10| 

Hi 

12 

23 

11 

11* 

124 

24 

lOf 

iii 

12 

24 

11 

H4 

124 

25 

lOf 

Hi 

12 

25 

11 

Hi 

124 

27 

lOf 

Hi 

12 

26 

11 

11* 

124 

28 

10f 

Hi 

12 

27 

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1 1  ; 

124 

29 

lOf 

Hi 

12 

29 

11 

11* 

12f 

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•    lOf 

Holiday. 

12 

30 

11 

11* 

12f 

31 

10| 

Hi 

12 

31 

11 

11* 

12f 

June     1 

10! 

Hi 

12 

Aug.     1 

11 

11* 

124 

3 

10! 

Hi 

12i 

2 

11 

H* 

124 

4 

10| 

ii* 

12* 

3 

11 

11* 

Holiday. 

5 

10! 

ii* 

12i 

5 

11 

11* 

Holiday. 

6 

10! 

ii* 

12i 

6 

11 

11* 

124 

7 

10! 

ii* 

12i 

7 

11 

11* 

124 

8 

10! 

ii* 

Holiday. 

8 

11 

11* 

124 

10 

10! 

H* 

Holiday. 

9 

11 

11* 

124 

11 

10! 

11* 

Holiday. 

10 

11 

11* 

124 

12 

10! 

11* 

124 

12 

11 

11* 

124 

13 

10| 

11* 

124 

13 

11 

11* 

124 

14 

101 

Hi 

124 

14 

11 

11* 

124 

15 

lOf 

lit 

124 

15 

11 

11* 

12f 

17 

10| 

11 

124 

16 

11 

11* 

12! 

18 

104 

11* 

124 

17 

11 

H| 

12! 

19 

10| 

11* 

124 

19 

11 

11* 

124 

20 

104 

11* 

124 

20 

11 

114 

13 

21 

10* 

11 

124 

21 

11 

Hi 

13 

22 

m 

11 

124 

22 

114 

114 

13 

24 

104 

104$ 

124 

23 

H4 

114 

13i 

25 

m 

lot* 

124 

24 

114 

111 

134 

26 

m 

10  if, 

124 

26 

114 

114 

134 

27 

101 

io*4 

124 

27 

lit 

114 

134 

28 

10* 

n 

124  , 

28 

lit 

Hi 

134 

29 

10* 

n 

124 

29 

Hi 

114 

134 

30 

Hi 

lit 

134 

1 

1 

31 

Ht 

114 

134 

404  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans,  New  Tori:,  and  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New- 
Orleans. 

Xew  York. 

Liverpool. 

New- 
Orleans. 

Xew  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1889. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Vents  per  lb. 

Sept.     2 

10f 

Holiday. 

131 

Nov.      1 

9ft 

lOf 

Ht 

3 

10| 

11* 

13* 

2 

9ft 

10ft 

Ht 

4 

10* 

Hf 

13| 

4 

9f 

10i 

lit 

5 

io* 

HI 

13| 

5 

■-Mi, 

Holiday. 

11+ 

6 

ioft 

HI 

13* 

6 

• '  i R 

10* 

H* 

7 

10ft 

HI 

13+ 

7 

•'i  8 

10* 

11+ 

9 

ioft 

HI 

13* 

8 

q  1 1 

10* 

11+ 

10 

10* 

HI 

13§ 

9 

Q  l.  L 
»1  ., 

10* 

H* 

11 

10+ 

Hf 

13| 

11 

9H 

10* 

11+ 

12 

ioft 

HI 

13| 

12 

9t 

10* 

11* 

13 

ioft 

Ll| 

13| 

13 

9* 

10* 

11* 

14 

ioft 

HI 

13| 

14 

91 

10* 

11* 

16 

10+ 

Hf 

13| 

15 

9ft 

10* 

HI 

17 

10ft 

Hf 

13f 

16 

9| 

10* 

Ht 

18 

"Hi 

lift 

13+ 

18 

9* 

10* 

HI 

19 

ion 

lift 

13+ 

19 

9ft 

10* 

Ht 

20 

10{| 

Hi 

13+ 

20 

9t 

10* 

Ht 

21 

ioh 

Hi 

13+ 

21 

91 

10* 

11* 

23 

ioh 

Hi 

13+ 

22 

9f 

10* 

Hi 

24 

10f 

Hi 

13+ 

23 

9f 

10* 

h* 

25 

10  9- 
■■•"1  b 

Hi 

13| 

25 

9t 

10* 

11* 

26 

10+ 

Hi 

13f 

26 

9t 

10* 

111 

27 

lOf 

Hi 

13| 

27 

91 

10* 

Hi 

28 

108 

Hi 

13| 

28 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

11* 

30 

10i 

11 

13* 

29 

9t 

10*. 

Hi 

Oct.      1 

10ft 

10* 

12* 

30 

9t 

10* 

11* 

2 

10ft 

10| 

12* 

Dec.      2 

9t 

10* 

Hi 

3 

10 

lOf 

12* 

3 

9t 

10* 

11* 

4 

10 

10| 

12* 

4 

9t 

10* 

11* 

5 

10 

10f 

12* 

5 

9t 

10* 

11* 

7 

10 

10J 

12! 

6 

9t 

10* 

11* 

8 

10 

10| 

12| 

7 

9f 

10* 

11* 

9 

10 

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9 

ll  1  '.- 

10* 

11* 

10 

10 

io  | 

12f 

10 

10* 

11* 

11 

10 

lOf 

12+ 

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Holiday. 

10* 

11* 

12 

10 

10| 

12* 

12 

qij 

io* 

11* 

14 

9J 

10 

m 

13 

91* 

10* 

11* 

15 

9* 

10ft 

12* 

14 

9*| 

10  ft 

11* 

16 

9ig 

10ft 

12* 

16 

• 

10  ft 

11* 

17 

i'v 

10ft 

12* 

17 

m 

10* 

11* 

18 

9f 

10  ft 

12* 

18 

9* 

10* 

11* 

19 

9f 

10,",; 

11* 

19 

9t 

10* 

11* 

21 

9ft 

10ft 

11! 

20 

9t 

10* 

11* 

22 

9ft 

10+ 

Hf 

21 

9t 

10* 

11* 

23 

9ft 

10+ 

11+ 

23 

9t 

io* 

11* 

24 

9* 

10* 

11* 

24 

9| 

io* 

11* 

25 

9* 

10* 

11+ 

25 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

26 

9+ 

10+ 

11+ 

26 

'■'- 

10* 

Holiday. 

28 

9+ 

10+ 

11+ 

27 

9t 

10* 

Holiday. 

29 

9i 

10+ 

H* 

28 

9| 

10* 

Holiday. 

30 

9* 

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H* 

30 

9 

10* 

11* 

31 

94 

10*- 

Hg 

31 

9* 

10* 

Hi 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  405 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xeiv  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

-Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

( Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1890. 

Oents  per  lb. 

Oents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1890. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.    1 

Holidaj  . 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

10 1,1 

1  1  ft 

12+ 

2 

9  ' 

10i 

Hi 

3 

10H 

lift 

12* 

3 

9f 

10* 

11* 

4 

10if 

lift 

12* 

4 

9* 

10* 

11* 

5 

io*| 

lift 

12+ 

6 

10i 

11* 

6 

10f 

HI 

12+ 

7 

9f 

10* 

11* 

7 

10  fir 

Ht 

12* 

8 

9* 

10ft 

11* 

8 

io*| 

lit 

12+ 

9 

9  :  -' 

10f 

11* 

10 

io*| 

11+ 

12* 

10 

lOf 

11* 

11 

io*f 

11* 

12* 

11 

10 

10+ 

Ht 

12 

ion 

lift 

12* 

13 

10 

10+ 

Ht 

13 

io*| 

lift 

12* 

14 

10 

10ft 

HI 

14 

10*1 

lift 

12* 

15 

10 

10ft 

11+ 

15 

10*1 

lift 

12* 

16 

10 

10+ 

HI 

17 

io  if 

lift 

12* 

17 

10* 

10ft 

Hf 

18 

10+ 

Ht 

12* 

18 

10* 

10| 

Ht 

19 

lOf 

Ht 

12* 

20 

10i 

10-Hr 

Hf 

20 

10+ 

lift 

12* 

21 

101 

10*1 

Hf 

21 

10*1 

11+ 

12* 

22 

10| 

10*1 

12 

22 

io*t 

11* 

12* 

23 

10* 

11 

12* 

24 

io*t 

lift 

12* 

24 

10J 

11 

12* 

25 

io*f 

Ht 

12* 

25 

lOf 

11 

12* 

26 

10*1 

Ht 

12* 

27 

io  [i 

11 

12* 

27 

ioii 

Hf 

12* 

28 

.    10| 

11 

12* 

28 

io*i 

lift 

12* 

29 

10ft 

10H 

12* 

29 

1 DM 

lift 

12* 

30 

10ft 

io  It 

12* 

31 

11 

lift 

12* 

31 

10* 

10*1 

12* 

Apr.      1 

11 

lift 

12* 

Feb.    1 

lOj 

io  if; 

12+ 

2 

11 

lift 

12+ 

3 

lOf 

io« 

12 

3 

11 

lift 

12* 

4 

10f 

iort 

12 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

5 

10| 

11 

12 

5 

11 

lift 

Holiday. 

6 

10f 

11 

12 

7 

11 

lift 

Holiday. 

7 

10* 

lift 

12 

8 

11 

11* 

Holiday. 

8 

10* 

ii  !i; 

12 

9 

11 

11+ 

12* 

10 

10f 

ii* 

12 

10 

11 

n+ 

12* 

11 

101 

ii* 

12+ 

11 

11 

lift 

12* 

12 

10$ 

ii* 

.       12* 

12 

lift 

nt 

12* 

13 

lOf 

n* 

12+ 

14 

11* 

nt 

12$ 

14 

lOf 

lift 

i  ! 

15 

lift 

ii* 

12f 

15 

lOf 

lift 

12* 

16 

11* 

ii* 

12+ 

17 

lOf 

lift 

12* 

17 

11* 

in 

12+ 

18 

Holiday. 

ii* 

12* 

18 

Hf 

n*l 

12$ 

19 

LOf 

ii* 

12* 

19 

lift 

ii  Hi 

12t 

20 

10| 

lift 

12* 

21 

lift 

llHr 

12t 

21 

10$ 

lift 

22 

lift 

11*1 

12f 

22 

I  [oliday. 

Holiday. 

12  Jr 

23 

lift 

ill;: 

12t 

24 

10» 

u 

12* 

24 

lift 

11*1 

12$ 

25 

L0| 

lift 

12+ 

25 

11+ 

HI 

12 1 

26 

lOf 

lift 

12+ 

26 

lift 

11+4 

11 1 1. 

12* 

27 

iot 

lift 

12* 

28 

11** 

12 

12* 

28 

tott 

lift 

12+ 

29 

11: 

11** 

12; 

1 

30 

Ht 

11** 

12* 

406  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    CCTTON. 

Daily  quotation*  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Neio  York,  and   Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1890. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1890. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

HI 

12 

12f 

July      1 

lift 

12 

12} 

2 

lit 

12 

12f 

2 

lift 

12 

12| 

3 

llf 

12 

12f 

3 

lift 

12 

12f 

5 

HI 

12 

12f 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

12f 

6 

HI 

12 

12f 

5 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

124 

7 

lift 

ntt 

12f 

7 

lift 

Hit 

12| 

8 

lift 

ml 

12f 

8 

lift 

lift 

12f 

9 

Hf 

12 

12f 

9 

lift 

12 

12f 

10 

HI 

12 

12f 

10 

lift 

12 

13 

12 

llf 

12 

13 

11 

lift 

12 

13 

13 

lit 

12 

13 

12 

lift 

12 

13 

14 

lit 

11+4 

13 

14 

lift 

12 

13 

15 

ill 

UH 

13 

15 

lift 

12ft 

13 

16 

lif 

lift 

13 

16 

lift 

12  ft 

134 

17 

llf 

12 

13 

17 

lift 

124 

134 

19 

liH 

124 

13 

18 

lift 

12ft 

134 

20 

lif 

m 

13 

19 

lift 

12ft 

134 

21 

utt 

12| 

13f 

21 

Hf 

12ft 

134 

22 

Hi 

12f 

13f 

22 

Hf 

12ft 

134 

23 

1H 

12| 

134 

23 

Hf 

12ft 

134 

24 

nf 

12f 

Holiday. 

24 

lift 

12ft 

134 

26 

nf 

12ft 

Holiday. 

25 

iiff 

12f 

134 

27 

nf 

19j-t 

Holiday. 

26 

nu 

12f 

134 

28 

nf 

12f 

134 

28 

lifi 

12f 

13£ 

29 

nf 

12f 

13i 

29 

llf 

12ft 

13f 

30 

nf 

Holiday. 

13i 

80 

llf 

12ft 

13f 

31 

nf 

Holiday. 

134 

31 

lif 

12f 

13f 

June    2 

nf 

12* 

13* 

Aug.     1 

llf 

12f 

13f 

3 

nf 

12ft 

134 

2 

Hf 

124 

Holiday. 

4 

nf 

12ft 

134 

4 

llf 

124 

Holiday. 

5 

nf 

12ft 

I3f 

5 

Hf 

124 

Holiday. 

6 

nf 

12f 

134 

6 

Hf 

124 

13| 

7 

nf 

12J 

13f 

7 

llf 

124 

13f 

9 

li+l 

12i 

134 

8 

llf 

124 

13$ 

10 

nil 

12f 

13 

9 

llf 

124 

13f 

11 

nf 

12J 

13 

11 

Hf 

124 

13f 

12 

nU 

12ft 

13 

12 

Hf 

124 

13f 

13 

litt 

12i 

13 

13 

Hf 

12ft 

13f 

14 

lift 

121 

13 

14 

Hf 

12ft 

13f 

16 

lift 

I2i 

13 

15 

llf 

12ft 

13f 

17 

nf 

I-   - 

12f 

16 

llf 

12ft 

134 

18 

lift 

12ft 

12f 

18 

Hf 

llff 

134 

19 

llf 

12f 

124 

19 

Hf 

llf| 

134 

20 

llf 

12f 

12f 

20 

Hf 

HH 

134 

21 

llf 

12ft 

124 

21 

Hf 

nf 

13 

23 

llf 

12 

12} 

22 

11 

n+ 

12} 

24 

11  h 

12 

12} 

23 

10| 

nf 

12} 

25 

lift 

Hf 

12} 

25 

lOf 

lift 

12} 

26 

lift 

im 

12} 

26 

104 

nft 

m 

27 

lift 

ms 

12| 

27 

104 

114 

124 

28 

lift 

12 

12f 

28 

10* 

llf 

12* 

30 

lift 

12 

12f 

29 

10* 

lift 

12| 

30 

10| 

11 

124 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  407 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xew  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1890. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1890. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.     1 

10i 

Holiday. 

HI 

Nov.      1 

')  '-'. 

91 

11 

2 

10i 

11 

HI 

3 

91 

9* 

11 

3 

10i 

11 

HI 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

101 

4 

10 

10f 

11* 

5 

9ft 

m 

101 

5 

10 

10f 

lit 

6 

9ft 

91 

10J 

6 

10 

lOf 

11* 

7 

9ft 

91 

10£ 

8 

10 

lOf 

ill 

8 

9ft 

91 

10£ 

9 

9-Hi 

10| 

111 

10 

9| 

91 

10£ 

10 

9!f 

lOf 

HI 

11 

9f 

91 

101 

11 

91 

10U 

Hf 

12 

9t 

9| 

101 

12 

91 

10H 

lit 

13 

91 

91 

101 

13 

9| 

10i 

Hf 

14 

9ft 

91 

101 

15 

91 

10| 

lit 

15 

9ft 

91 

101 

16 

91 

10f 

lit 

17 

91 

91 

101 

17 

9}| 

10f 

Hf 

18 

91 

91 

101 

18 

9f 

ioft 

HI 

19 

9ft 

91 

10f 

19 

91 

10* 

HI 

20 

9ft 

91 

101 

20 

m 

ioft 

HI 

21 

91 

9ft 

101 

22 

m 

10ft 

HI 

22 

9ft 

101 

23 

91 

10| 

HI 

24 

9ft 

9ft 

101 

24 

91 

10| 

Hf 

25 

91 

9ft 

iot 

25 

10 

lOf 

HI 

26 

91 

9ft 

lot 

26 

10 

10| 

HI 

27 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

iot 

27 

10 

lOf 

HI 

28 

91 

«Tff 

iot 

29 

10ft 

lOf 

HI 

29 

9ft 

sl  b 

lOf 

30 

10ft 

lOf 

111 

Dec.      1 

9ft 

9ft 

101 

Oct.      1 

10ft 

lOf 

HI 

2 

9ft 

9iV 

101 

2 

ioft 

101 

111 

3 

9ft 

9ft 

101 

3 

ioft 

10| 

HI 

4 

9ft 

9ft 

101 

4 

10 

10| 

HI 

5 

91 

9ft 

iot 

6 

10 

10| 

111 

6 

91 

9ft 

iot 

7 

10ft 

lOf 

111 

8 

9 

9f 

iot 

8 

10ft 

ioft 

HI 

9 

9 

9| 

iot 

9 

ioft 

lOf 

HI 

10 

9 

9t 

iot 

10 

10 

lOf 

HI 

11 

CIS. 

91 

iot 

11 

10 

10| 

HI 

12 

x  1 i: 

91 

101 

13 

m 

101 

HI 

13 

8H 

91 

iot 

14 

91 

lOf 

HI 

15 

m 

«t 

iot 

15 

91? 

10ft 

11* 

16 

m 

91 

101 

16 

9li! 

10ft 

HI 

17 

8 !  {; 

^ 

iot 

17 

qiXi 

a  i  B 

10i 

HI 

18 

m 

91 

iot 

18 

m 

10i 

HI 

19 

m 

9i 

101 

20 

9i 

30i 

HI 

20 

8tf 

9ft 

iot 

21 

91  ?, 

10i 

HI 

22 

- 

91 

101 

22 

9f| 

10i 

Ht 

23 

8 

101 

23 

9U 

10i 

Ht 

24 

9ft 

101 

24 

9* 

10ft 

HI 

25 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

25 

9f 

10i 

Hi 

26 

8|| 

QJL 

"l  b 

Holiday. 

27 

9f 

1":, 

Hi 

27 

8+| 

q 

•  i  s 

Holiday. 

28 

9f 

LOft 

Hi 

29 

9ft 

101 

29 

9i 

10 

HI 

30 

iot 

30 

9i 

10 

HI 

31 

81 

9ft 

101 

31 

m 

QJ5. 

Hi 

408  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotation*  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Neiv  York,  end  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1891. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1891. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.     2 

8| 

m 

94 

2 

8H 

9ft 

Holiday. 

3 

8J4 

84 

94 

3 

9 

9ft 

Holiday. 

4 

m 

84 

^ 

5 

9 

9ft 

104 

5 

844 

84 

94 

6 

9 

9ft 

10+ 

6 

84 

84 

H 

7 

9ft 

9ft 

104 

7 

84 

84 

9f 

8 

9ft 

9ft 

1Q4 

9 

84 

9 

94 

9 

94 

9f 

10f 

10 

84 

8L5 

94 

10 

9ft 

9| 

lOf 

11 

84 

SUA 

94 

12 

9i 

9f 

10* 

12 

8{4 

9 

94 

13 

94 

9| 

lOf 

13 

8'i 

8|^ 

9 

94 

14 

9ft 

94 

101 

14 

81-4 

9ft 

94 

15 

9ft 

94 

10$ 

16 

844 

9ft 

94 

16 

9ft 

94 

lOf 

17 

8-Hr 

9ft 

94 

17 

9ft 

9ft 

10+ 

18 

81-4 

94 

19 

9ft 

9| 

104 

19 

814 

"is 

94 

20 

9i 

91 

10| 

20 

8-1-4 

9 

94 

21 

9i 

91 

10| 

21 

844 

9 

94 

22 

9i 

9| 

10f 

23 

81-4 

9 

94 

23 

9ft 

9| 

10f 

24 

844 

9 

9* 

24 

9ft 

9| 

104 

25 

814 

9 

94 

26 

9ft 

9f 

104 

26 

814 

9 

94 

27 

94 

9| 

104 

27 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

28 

9ft 

9ft 

104 

28 

814 

9 

Holiday. 

29 

9ft 

9ft 

104 

30 

814 

9 

Holiday. 

30 

9ft 

9A 

104 

31 

8tf 

9 

Holiday. 

31 

9ft 

9ft 

104 

Apr.      1 

844 

9 

94 

Feb       2 

9ft 

94 

10 

2 

844 

9 

94 

3 

9ft 

94 

10 

3 

814 

9 

94 

4 

9 

94 

10 

4 

m 

9 

94 

5 

9 

94 

10 

6 

844 

9 

n 

6 

9 

94 

10 

7 

8H 

9 

94 

7 

9 

94 

94 

8 

84 

m 

94 

9 

9 

94 

94 

9 

84 

844 

94 

10 

Holiday. 

94 

94 

10 

84 

8JS 

94 

11 

9 

94 

94 

11 

84 

84J 

94 

12 

9 

94 

94 

13 

8f 

844 

94 

13 

9 

9ft 

94 

14 

84 

844 

94 

14 

W 

94 

94 

15 

8ft 

844 

94 

16 

m 

94 

94 

16 

8ft 

844 

94 

17 

81 

9ft 

94 

17 

8ft 

8ft 

94 

18 

812 

9 

9| 

18 

8ft 

8H 

94 

19 

84 

9 

9* 

20 

8ft 

84 

94 

20 

m 

9 

9* 

21 

8  ft 

84 

94 

21 

Si 

9 

9| 

22 

8ft 

8J 

94 

23 

8J 

Holiday. 

94 

23 

8ft 

84 

94 

24 

8* 

9 

94 

24 

8ft 

84 

94 

25 

84 

9 

94 

25 

8ft 

84 

94 

26 

8* 

9 

94 

27 

8  ft 

84 

94 

27 

84 

9 

94 

28 

8ft 

84 

94 

28 

8| 

9 

94 

29 

8ft 

84 

94 

SO 

8ft 

84 

94 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON.  409 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  LS80  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York.  ] 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1891. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centt  per  lb. 

1891. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

8ft 

81 

91 

July     1 

7+8 

8f 

91 

2 

8ft 

81 

91 

2 

m 

81 

91 

4 

s> 

81 

91 

3 

m 

81 

91 

5 

8| 

81 

91 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

91 

6 

8f 

81 

91 

6 

m 

si 

91 

7 

8f 

81 

91 

7 

m 

81 

91 

8 

81 

Si* 

91 

8 

7+| 

81 

91 

9 

8f 

8H 

9! 

9 

m 

81 

91 

11 

8f 

8U 

91 

10 

71$ 

81 

91 

12 

81 

m 

91 

11 

m 

81 

91 

13 

8| 

81 

91 

13 

711 

81 

91 

14 

8| 

81 

91 

14 

m 

81 

91 

15 

8f 

81 

91 

15 

7+S 

81 

91 

16 

8| 

81 

Holiday. 

16 

7« 

81 

9 

18 

8f 

81 

Holiday. 

17 

m 

8ft 

9 

19 

8| 

8j£ 

Holiday. 

18 

71  5 

'  re 

81 

9 

20 

8| 

m 

91 

20 

m 

Si 

9 

21 

8| 

m 

91 

21 

m 

81 

81 

22 

8| 

sn 

91 

22 

7iS 

8 

81 

23 

81 

8!i 

91 

23 

71? 

8 

81 

25 

8| 

815. 

91 

24 

m 

8 

81 

26 

8| 

81$ 

91 

25 

7-ii 

8 

81 

27 

8| 

8U 

91 

27 

7i 

8 

81 

28 

8ft 

8!i 

9+ 

28 

7i 

8 

8* 

29 

8ft 

81 

91 

29 

7i 

8 

Si 

30 

8ft 

Holiday. 

91 

30 

7i 

8 

si 

June     1 

Sir 

8jf 

91 

31 

71 

8 

81 

2 

Si- 

8f| 

9f 

Aug.     1 

7i 

8 

Holiday. 

3 

Si 

8f 

91 

3 

71 

8 

Holiday. 

4 

8ir 

8i 

91 

4 

71 

8 

Holiday. 

5 

si- 

8| 

91 

5 

71 

8 

9 

6 

Si 

Si 

91 

6 

71 

8 

9 

8 

Si 

Si 

9f 

7 

71 

81 

9 

9 

Si 

Si 

9f 

8 

71 

Si 

91 

10 

8ft 

m 

9i 

10 

71 

81 

91 

11 

8ft 

8f 

9i 

11 

71 

81 

9 

12 

8 

8f 

9i 

12 

71 

8ft 

9 

13 

8 

8ft 

9i 

13 

7f 

8 

9 

15 

8 

81 

9i 

14 

7i 

8 

9 

16 

8 

8ft 

9i 

15 

7i 

8 

81 

17 

7tf 

8ft 

91 

17 

7U 

m 

81 

18 

m 

8ft 

91 

18 

7U 

7|£ 

81 

19 

m 

8f 

91 

19 

m 

7« 

81 

20 

71 

8f 

9 

20 

m 

m 

81 

22 

71 

8f 

9 

21 

71 

m 

81 

23 

71 

8| 

9 

22 

7U 

8 

81 

24 

n 

8| 

9 

24 

7H 

8 

9 

25 

71 

8| 

9 

25 

m 

8 

9 

26 

71 

8| 

9 

26 

8ft 

9 

27 

8 

81 

91 

27 

7i 

81 

•91 

29 

7B 

81 

91 

28 

m 

81 

91 

30 

m 

Si 

91 

29 

71 

Si 

91 

31 

8 

81 

91 

410  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  Tori:,  and  Liverpool.  ISSOto  1S03. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling- 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1891. 

Centsperlb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centsperlb. 

1891. 

Cents  pier  lb. 

Centsperlb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.     1 

8 

8ft 

9| 

Nov.     2 

74 

8ft 

9i 

2 

84 

84 

94 

3 

74 

Holiday. 

94 

3 

84 

8f 

9| 

4 

74 

8ft 

94 

4 

8A 

m 

94 

5 

74 

84 

94 

5 

8iff 

8!i 

94 

6 

7  J  3. 
'  IB 

84 

94 

7 

84 

Holiday. 

94 

7 

74 

84 

94 

8 

8* 

8f 

9| 

9 

74 

84 

94 

9 

8t 

81 

94 

10 

74 

84 

94 

10 

Sts 

84 

94 

11 

7f 

84 

84 

11 

8* 

8f 

94 

12 

7* 

84 

84 

12 

84 

84 

9| 

13 

7* 

84 

84 

14 

84 

81 

91 

14 

74 

84 

84 

15 

8A 

8ft 

94 

16 

7| 

8ft 

84 

16 

81 

84 

94 

17 

7| 

8ft 

84 

17 

8A 

84 

9f 

18 

7f 

8ft 

84 

18 

81 

81 

9f 

19 

7ft 

84 

84 

19 

8J 

81 

94 

20 

7+ 

84 

84 

21 

8& 

8f 

9^ 

21 

7+ 

84 

84 

22 

8A 

84 

9* 

23 

7* 

84 

9 

23 

8i 

8* 

9* 

24 

7-3-. 

84 

9 

24 

8i'V 

Qll 
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9* 

25 

7ft 

84 

9 

25 

8A 

8 !-, 

9+ 

26 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

9 

26 

8| 

8U 

9f 

27 

m 

84 

9 

28 

81 

8f 

9f 

28 

74 

8ft 

83 

29 

8| 

84 

9f 

30 

74 

8ft 

84 

30 

81 

844 

9f 

Dec.      1 

7+ 

8ft 

84 

Oct       1 

8| 

8>i 

°l  Jf 

94 

2 

74 

8ft 

84 

2 

8| 

84* 

9| 

3 

7ft 

*,'„ 

84 

3 

SA 

8f 

94 

4 

n 

8ft 

8f 

5 

8>> 

8H 

94 

5 

7ft 

8ft 

84 

6 

8l°5- 

sn 

91 

7 

7ft 

8ft 

84 

7 

8| 

81 

9i 

8 

7ft 

8ft 

84 

8 

8f 

8i 

94 

9 

7ft 

8ft 

84 

9 

8f 

8| 

9| 

10 

7| 

8ft 

84 

10 

81 

84 

91 

11 

7ft 

8ft 

84 

12 

s-h 

8U 

9f 

12 

7ft 

8ft 

81 

13 

Si 

8f 

9| 

14 

7ft 

8 

81 

14 

Si 

8* 

9| 

15 

74 

8 

84 

15 

8A 

84 

9f 

16 

74 

8 

84 

16 

8i 

84 

9| 

17 

74 

7H 

84 

17 

8 

8ft 

94 

18 

74 

7*| 

84 

19 

74J 

8ft 

9f 

19 

74 

7!C 

84 

20 

7  1  5 

'  it; 

8ft 

9f 

21 

7i 

7  If; 

84 

21 

8A 

8ft 

94 

22 

74 

7-L& 
'  Iff 

84 

22 

8^' 

8ft 

9* 

23 

74 

t:;: 

84 

•2\\ 

8A 

8ft 

9* 

24 

7ft 

71* 

84 

24 

8^ 

8ft 

94 

25 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

26 

8A- 

8| 

94 

26 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

27 

8 

8| 

94 

28 

7ft 

7| 

Holiday. 

28 

8 

8| 

9| 

L'!» 

7 

7:f 

8f 

29 

8 

8| 

9| 

30 

7 

7| 

84 

30 

8 

Si 

94 

31 

7 

7 i  3 

8i 

31 

8 

8J 

9i 

DAILY  QUOTATIONS  OF  SPOT  COTTON.  411 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton   in  New  Orleans,  Xerc  York,  and  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 

Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1892. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Onte  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1892. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

Holiday. 

7ft 

74 

2 

Holidav. 

Holidav. 

Holiday. 

2 

64 

7ft 

74 

4 

7" 

7f 

8| 

3 

64 

7ft 

74 

5 

6ft 

7ft 

84 

4 

64 

7ft 

74 

6 

6£ 

7ft 

8i 

5 

64 

7 

74 

7 

6f 

7ft 

84 

7 

64 

7 

74 

8 

6i 

7ft 

8 

8 

64- 

7 

74 

9 

6f 

7ft 

8 

9 

6ft 

6H 

7f 

11 

6£ 

7| 

8 

10 

6ft 

6ft 

7| 

12 

m 

7| 

8 

11 

6ft 

64$ 

7f 

13 

61 

74 

8 

12 

6ft 

64 

7| 

14 

eft- 

•1  t> 

8i 

14 

6f 

6ft 

74 

15 

en 

7ft 

84 

15 

6ft 

64 

74 

16 

6ft 

7ft 

8 

16 

64 

64 

74 

18 

7 

7ft 

8 

17 

64 

64| 

74 

19 

7ft 

7ft 

84 

18 

64 

°1B 

74 

20 

7* 

7« 

84 

19 

64 

64f 

74 

21 

7i 

71 

8i 

21 

64 

6|| 

74 

22 

7ft 

7-Hr 

8i 

22 

6ft 

m 

74 

23 

7ft 

7f 

8i 

22 

6ft 

m 

74 

25 

7i 

7f 

8i 

24 

6ft 

64 

74 

26 

7ft 

7ft 

8i 

25 

6ft 

64 

74 

27 

7 

7ft 

8i 

26 

6f 

64 

7f 

28 

7 

n 

8i 

28 

6§ 

614 

74 

29 

7 

7i 

84 

29 

6| 

6ft 

74 

30 

6f| 

7i 

84 

30 

64 

6ft 

74 

Feb.     1 

61 

7ft 

8 

31 

6| 

eft- 

74 

2 

6| 

7ft 

8 

Apr.      1 

6f 

eft 

74 

3 

m 

7ft 

7* 

2 

6| 

6ft 

74 

4 

64 

7ft 

74 

4 

6ft 

6ft 

74 

5 

6| 

7ft 

74 

5 

64 

6ft 

74 

6 

6H 

7ft 

7| 

6 

64- 

6ft 

74 

8 

6ft 

7i 

74 

7 

6ft 

64 

74 

9 

6ft 

7ft 

74 

8 

6ft 

64 

74 

10 

6ft 

7ft 

74 

9 

64 

D16 

7| 

11 

6f 

7ft 

74- 

11 

6| 

7 

74 

12 

6| 

7ft 

74 

12 

6i 

7 

74 

13 

6| 

7ft 

74 

13 

6ft 

74 

74 

15 

6| 

7ft 

7f 

14 

6ft 

74 

74 

16 

61 

7ft 

74 

15 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

17 

6| 

7ft 

74 

16 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

18 

6| 

7i 

74 

18 

&B 

74 

Holiday. 

19 

«>,:, 

74 

74 

19 

64t 

7  : 

Holiday. 

20 

6ft 

7i 

74 

20 

7 

74 

74 

22 

Holidav. 

Holiday. 

74 

21 

7 

74 

74 

23 

6ft 

74 

74 

22 

7 

7f 

74 

24 

6ft 

74 

74- 

23 

7 

74 

74 

25 

H 

7ft 

74 

25 

7 

7ft 

74 

26 

Si 

7ft 

74 

26 

641 

74 

74 

27 

6* 

7ft 

7| 

27 

64 

74 

74 

29 

6* 

7ft 

7| 

28 

°1t> 

74 

74 

29 

7 

74 

74 

30 

7 

74 

74 

412 


DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893 . 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1892. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  26. 

1892. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      2 

7 

74 

7f 

July      1 

7 

74 

8 

3 

7 

7A 

74 

2 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

8 

4 

7 

7-ft 

71 

4 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

8 

5 

7 

7A 

7* 

5 

7 

7ft 

8 

6 

7tV 

7fV 

8 

6 

7 

7ft 

71 

7 

7i"» 

71 

8 

7 

7 

7ft 

71 

9 

7A 

7f 

8 

8 

7 

7ft 

71 

10 

7-rV 

7| 

8 

9 

7ft 

7| 

71 

11 

7-^ 

7-fV 

n 

11 

7ft 

71 

71 

12 

7 

74 

7| 

12 

7ft 

7ft 

71 

13 

7 

74 

n 

13 

7ft 

7ft 

71 

14 

7 

74 

71 

14 

7 

7ft 

74 

16 

7 

74 

71 

15 

7 

74 

71 

17 

7tV 

74 

71 

16 

7 

74 

71 

18 

7tV 

7ft 

8 

18 

7 

74 

71 

19 

74 

7| 

84 

19 

7 

74 

71 

20 

8 

7f 

84 

20 

7 

74 

71 

21 

7| 

84 

21 

7 

74 

71 

23 

7fV 

7| 

84 

22 

7 

74 

71 

24 

7fV 

71 

84 

23 

7 

74 

71 

25 

74 

7ft 

84 

25 

7 

74 

71 

26 

7i 

7| 

84 

26 

7ft 

74 

74 

27 

74 

7| 

84 

27 

7ft 

74 

8 

28 

74 

7| 

84 

28 

7ft 

74 

84 

30 

7vV 

Holiday. 

84 

29 

7ft 

7* 

84 

31 

7* 

7^5 

84 

30 

7ft 

74 

Holiday. 

June     1 

7i 

74 

84 

Aug.     1 

7ft 

7* 

Holiday. 

2 

7A 

7f 

84 

2 

7ft 

7ft 

Holiday. 

3 

71 

7| 

8f 

3 

74 

7| 

8 

4 

71 

m 

Holiday. 

4 

74 

71 

8 

6 

74 

m 

Holiday. 

5 

7ft 

71 

8 

7 

74 

n 

Holiday. 

6 

7ft 

7ft 

8 

8 

74 

74 

8f 

8 

7ft 

74 

8 

9 

74 

74 

8f 

9 

7ft 

74 

71 

10 

74 

74 

84 

10 

7ft 

74 

71 

11 

74 

744 

84 

11 

7 

74 

71 

13 

74 

7^ 

84 

12 

7 

74 

71 

14 

7A 

7ft 

8+ 

13 

643 

7ft 

71 

15 

7i% 

74 

8| 

15 

641 

74 

74 

16 

71 

7ft 

H 

16 

6,4 

74 

71 

17 

7# 

74 

*•■ 

17 

6 

7ft 

r- 

18 

7| 

74 

8f 

18 

m 

7ft 

71 

20 

7A 

7ft 

84 

19 

7 

7ft 

71 

21 

7i 

84 

20 

7 

7ft 

8 

22 

7* 

7ft 

84 

22 

7 

74 

8 

23 

74 

7ft 

84 

23 

7 

74 

8 

24 

7fV 

7ft 

84 

24 

7 

74 

71 

25 

74 

7ft 

84 

25 

7 

74 

71 

27 

74 

7* 

84 

26 

7 

74 

71 

28 

74 

7s 

8 

27 

7 

74 

74 

29 

74 

7| 

8 

29 

7 

7ft 

8 

30 

74 

7| 

8 

30 

7 

7ft 

8 

31 

7 

74 

8 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON.  413 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  New  'hiatus,  Xew  York,  and  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S9S. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  r;ito  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

Now  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

"Upland. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Centsper  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1892. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.       1 

7 

u 

u 

Nov.     1 

■ 

8ft 

81 

2 

7 

n 

n 

2 

7| 

8ft 

8j 

3 

7 

7ft 

71 

3 

7f 

8f 

9 

5 

7 

Holiday. 

71 

4 

71 

8f 

9 

6 

7 

71 

71 

5 

7 

8ft 

9 

7 

7 

7ft 

8 

7 

7!,": 

81 

9 

8 

t 

7ft 

8 

8 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

94 

9 

7 

8 

9 

81 

84 

a* 

10 

7 

7ft 

8 

10 

8| 

81 

9| 

12 

"i  6 

7ft 

8 

11 

8ft 

9 

91 

13 

7 

7ft 

8 

12 

8f 

91 

91 

14 

m 

7ft 

8 

14 

m 

91 

9| 

15 

6ft 

7ft 

8 

15 

9 

91 

91 

16 

6j| 

7ft 

8 

16 

91 

91 

93 

17 

7 

81 

17 

9ft 

9| 

10 

19 

7 

71 

81 

18 

9ft 

91 

91 

20 

7 

7ft 

81 

19 

91 

9ft 

10 

21 

7ft 

7ft 

81 

21 

9ft 

9ft 

10 

22 

71 

71 

81 

22 

9* 

9f 

101 

23 

7ft 

71 

8f 

23 

91 

Ql  1 

10i 

24 

7ft 

7f 

8f 

24 

Holiday 

Holiday. 

lOf 

26 

7ft 

7| 

81 

25 

91 

10 

101 

27 

7ft 

7ft 

81 

26 

m 

10 

lOi 

28 

7ft 

7| 

81 

28 

m 

10 

101 

29 

7ft 

7| 

8+ 

29 

911 

m 

104 

30 

7ft 

7f 

si 

30 

911 

9ft 

101 

Oct.      1 

7ft 

7H 

Si 

Dec.      1 

9ft 

94 

lOf 

3 

7* 

7*3 

8f 

2 

9ft 

91 

101 

4 

7ft 

71 

8f 

3 

9ft 

81 

101 

5 

7ft 

k 

8* 

5 

9ft 

9f 

10 

6 

74 

81 

81 

6 

9ft 

9| 

10 

7 

7f 

8ft 

81 

7 

9* 

9ft 

10 

8 

7f 

8ft 

81 

8 

9| 

94 

101 

10 

74 

8ft 

81 

9 

at 

94 

10| 

11 

7| 

81 

10 

9f 

94 

101 

12 

7H 

Holiday. 

84 

12 

9f 

94 

101 

13 

7| 

8 

84 

13 

9ft 

94 

101 

14 

7ft 

8 

84 

14 

9ft 

94 

10| 

15 

7ft 

8 

81 

15 

9H 

9ft 

10| 

17 

7ft 

8 

8f 

16 

an 

91 

101 

18 

7ft 

81 

81 

17 

qi  l 

10 

101 

19 

71 

84 

19 

9ft 

^ 

104 

20 

7f 

I 

81 

20 

9ft 

91 

101 

21 

7| 

Holiday. 

8| 

21 

9f 

91 

104 

22 

7}S 

m 

81 

22 

9ft 

91 

104 

24 

71{j 

8ft 

9 

23 

9ft 

91 

104 

25 

7ft 

8  ft 

9 

24 

Eoliday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

26 

74 

8ft 

9 

26 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

27 

7i 

8i 

81 

27 

91 

91 

Holiday. 

28 

7 

8ft 

81 

28 

91 

91 

104 

29 

7f 

8ft 

81 

29 

9+ 

91 

104 

31 

7ii 

8ft 

81 

30 

91 

91 

101 

31 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

414  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 

Daily  quotations  of  sj)ot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Dpland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb 

Cents  per  lb. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Jan.      2 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Mar.      1 

9ft 

91 

3 

91 

91 

10f 

2 

811 

91 

91 

4 

9l 

91 

101 

3 

8H 

91 

91 

5 

9ft 

9| 

10f 

4 

Ql  ft 

9ft 

91 

6 

9f 

QJ-5 
al  fi 

lOf 

6 

9 

9ft 

10 

7 

91 

9M 

10f 

7 

9 

91 

10 

9 

9f 

9}f 

lOf 

8 

9 

9ft 

101 

10 

9f 

9| 

101 

9 

9 

9ft 

101 

11 

0  9 
Jlff 

9f 

101 

10 

9 

91 

101 

12 

9ft 

9f 

101 

11 

9 

91 

101 

13 

9* 

9f 

101 

13 

81 

9ft 

10 

14 

9ft 

.   9f 

10f- 

14 

m 

9 

10 

16 

9ft 

91 

101 

15 

8f 

8ff 

9i 

17 

9ft 

91 

10i 

16 

ei  s 

°lt> 

9 

91 

18 

al  b 

91 

10i 

17 

81 

91 

19 

9ft 

9ft 

10! 

18 

8f 

9 

91 

20 

91 

9| 

101 

20 

8f 

9 

91 

21 

9f 

9f 

101 

21 

81 

9 

91 

23 

9| 

9f 

101 

22 

81-1 

9 

91 

24 

91 

9f 

10! 

23 

811 

9 

10 

25 

9ft 

9ft 

10! 

24 

8ft 

811 

10 

26 

91 

9ft 

10! 

25 

8! 

811 

91 

27 

91 

91 

10i 

27 

8ft 

8!i 

91 

28 

9± 
9i 

10i 

10i 

28 

8! 

8ft 

8! 
81 

9f 

9! 

30 

9ft 

29 

31 

9i 

9ft 

10i 

30 

8ft 

8! 

91 

Feb.      1 

91 

9ft 

m 

31 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

2 

9ft 

9ft 

101  ' 

Apr.      1 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

3 

9ft 

9| 

10| 

3 

8ft 

81 

Holiday. 

4 

9ft 

9| 

10i 

4 

81 

8ft 

Holiday. 

6 

9ft 

91 

io± 

5 

8 

8! 

91 

7 

9ft 

10i 

6 

8 

81 

91 

8 

9ft 

9}f 

101 

7 

8ft 

8ft 

91 

9 

9  -U 

9± 

10 

8 

81 

8ft 

9! 

10 

9 

9i 

91 

10 

8ft- 

8! 

9! 

11 

9 

91 

91 

11 

8ft 

8! 

91 

13 

el  ft 

P1'6 

9i 

9f 

12 

7!;1, 

8ft 

91 

14 

Holiday. 

9 

9! 

13 

7il 

81 

9 

15 

8| 

91 

9! 

14 

7f 

81 

9 

16 

8|| 

9i 

9f 

15 

7f 

81 

9 

17 

m 

9i 

91 

17 

7ft 

711 

81 

18 

9 

9ft 

10 

18 

7ft 

71ft 
•  16 

81 

20 

9 

9ft 

10 

19 

7,:, 

m 

81 

21 

9 

9i 

10 

20 

7 !,', 

m 

81 

22 

Holiday. 

Holiday. 

10 

21 

7:: 

71 

81 

23 

9i 

9i 

101 

22 

7ft 

7!;I 

81 

24 

9ft 

9± 

101 

24 

71 

711 

8! 

25 

9ft 

9* 

10 

25 

7! 

m 

8! 

27 

9 

9ft 

10 

26 

71 

m 

8! 

28 

fU6 

°T5 

9  ft 

9| 

27 

7« 

Holiday. 

81 

28 

71 

7i';; 

81 

29 

7ft 

71 

8| 

DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COTTON. 


415 


Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Neiv  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New- 
Orleans. 

Now  Tork. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  Tork. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

^Iiddling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Ce?»<«  yer  W. 

Gents  per  lb. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

May      1 

7-tV 

74 

84 

July      1 

7ft 

8 

84 

2 

7* 

7* 

84 

3 

7ft 

8 

84 

3 

7rV, 

74$ 

84 

4 

Holid:i\  . 

Holiday. 

84 

4 

7"., 

741 

8| 

5 

7 

744 

84 

5 

7-;, 

741 

84 

6 

7ft 

7!^ 

Holiday. 

6 

7-1% 

m 

84 

7 

7ft 

8 

84 

8 

7f 

m 

84 

8 

7ft 

8 

84 

9 

7f 

741 

84 

10 

74 

84 

84 

10 

74 

741 

84 

11 

74 

84 

9 

11 

U 

741 

84 

12 

7+ 

8ft 

9 

12 

7,v, 

74  :-i 

8* 

13 

74 

8ft 

9 

13 

7& 

74! 

84 

14 

74 

8ft 

9 

15 

7* 

7|i; 

84 

15 

74  ' 

8ft 

9 

16 

7+ 

741 

84 

17 

7| 

8ft 

9 

17 

7+ 

74g 

84 

18 

744 

8ft 

94 

18 

7* 

741 

84 

19 

744 

84 

94 

19 

7tV 

744 

84 

20 

74 

84 

94 

20 

7A 

74 

Holiday. 

21 

7!,1, 

84 

9 

22 

7f 

74 

Holiday. 

22 

74 

84 

9 

23 

7| 

74 

Holiday. 

24 

74 

8ft 

9 

24 

7& 

74-1 
'  Iff 

84 

25 

74 

8ft 

9 

25 

7i 

71  1 

84 

26 

74 

8 

9 

26 

74 

lylX 

'  IS 

84 

27 

74 

8 

9 

27 

74 

74 

84 

28 

74 

8ft 

9 

29 

74 

74 

84 

29 

74 

8ft 

9 

30 

74 

Holiday. 

84 

31 

74 

8 

9 

31 

74 

74 

84 

Aug.      1 

74 

8 

9 

June     1 

7iL'o 

74 

84 

2 

74 

8 

9 

2 

7| 

74 

84 

3 

74 

744 

9 

3 

74 

7| 

84 

i 

7ft 

74 

84 

5 

74 

74 

84 

5 

7ft 

744 

Holiday. 

6 

7i2tr 

84 

7 

74 

74 

Holiday. 

7 

74 

74 

84 

8 

74 

7| 

Holiday. 

8 

7| 

74 

84 

9 

74 

74 

84 

9 

7U 

744 

84 

10 

74 

744 

84 

10 

7-hV 

744 

84 

11 

7* 

744 

84 

12 

7ji 

744 

84 

12 

7ft 

744 

84 

13 

7-^1 
■Te 

8 

84 

14 

7ft 

7ft 

Noml. 

14 

744 

8 

9 

15 

7ft 

74 

Nonil. 

15 

74 

8tV 

94 

16 

7 

74 

8f 

16 

74 

8ft 

9 

17 

644 

7ft 

84 

17 

74 

8ft 

9 

18 

614 

7ft 

8* 

19 

m 

8ft 

9 

19 

644 

7ft 

8i 

20 

74 

7!^ 

84 

21 

64 

74 

8| 

21 

7+4 

8 

84 

22 

64 

7ft 

84 

22 

744 

8 

84 

23 

7 

7ft 

84 

23 

74 

8 

84 

24 

641 

74 

84 

24 

7ft 

8 

84 

25 

641 

74 

84 

26 

74 

7-iS 

84 

26 

7;1, 

74 

84 

27 

74 

m 

84 

28 

7ft 

74 

84 

28 

7ft 

74| 

84 

29 

7ft 

74 

84 

29 

7-§ 

7| 

84 

30 

7ft 

74 

81 

30 

74 

74 

84 

31 

7ft 

74 

84 

416  DAILY    QUOTATIONS    OF    SPOT    COITON. 

Daily  quotations  of  spot  cotton  in  Xeiv  Orleans,  Xeiv  York,  and  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 
[Liverpool  prices  reduoed  to  American  money  at  rate  of  2c.  to  a  penny.] 


New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

New 
Orleans. 

New  York. 

Liverpool. 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Middling 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

Orleans. 

Upland. 

Upland. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

1893. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Cents  per  lb. 

Sept.    1 

7ft 

m 

81 

Oct.    12 

8ft 

8| 

94 

2 

7ft 

74 

84 

13 

8ft 

8f 

94 

4 

7ft 

Holiday. 

84 

14 

8ft 

8ft 

94 

5 

7ft 

8 

84 

16 

84 

8ft 

94 

6 

7ft 

8 

9 

17 

84 

8ft 

94 

7 

7ft 

m 

9 

18 

84 

8ft 

94 

8 

7f 

8 

9 

19 

8 

8ft 

94 

9 

7* 

84 

9 

20 

8 

8ft 

94 

11 

8 

84 

94 

21 

m 

8ft 

94 

12 

m 

8* 

94 

23 

n 

8f 

94 

13 

m 

8i 

94 

24 

74 

84 

94 

14 

84 

.        8| 

94 

25 

74 

8ft 

94 

15 

84 

8| 

94 

26 

74 

8ft 

94 

16 

8f 

8ft 

94 

27 

74 

8ft 

9 

18 

8ft 

8f 

94 

28 

74 

8ft 

9 

19 

m 

8i 

94 

30 

7| 

8ft 

94 

20 

m 

84 

94 

31 

74 

8ft 

94 

21 

8ft 

8| 

94 

Nov.      1 

74 

8ft 

94 

22 

8ft 

8f 

94 

2 

74 

8ft 

94 

23 

8ft 

8ft 

9| 

3 

74 

84 

94 

25 

7J4 

84 

94 

4 

74 

84 

94 

26 

7« 

8ft 

94 

6 

74 

84 

94 

27 

7« 

84 

94 

7 

714 

Holiday. 

94 

28 

m 

8ft 

9 

8 

744 

8ft 

9i 

29 

m 

8 

9 

9 

744 

84 

94 

30 

m 

8 

9 

10 

744 

8ft 

9 

Oct.      2 

7f 

8ft 

9 

11 

74 

84 

9 

3 

71 

8ft 

9 

13 

7ft 

8ft 

9 

4 

8 

84 

94 

14 

7ft 

8ft 

9 

5 

8 

8ft 

94 

15 

7ft 

8ft 

9 

6 

8 

8ft 

94 

16 

74 

84 

9 

7 

8ft 

84 

94 

17 

74 

84 

84 

9 

8 

84 

94 

18 

74 

8ft 

81 

10 

7| 

8ft 

94 

20 

7ft 

744 

84 

11 

m 

84 

94 

21 

74 

74i 

84 

DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES."  417 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  '•futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept.     1 
delivery. 

1 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1880. 
Sept.     1 

1 

10.81 
10.75 
10.69 
10.  6S 
10.66 

10.  82 
10.84 
10.94 
10.93 
10.98 
11.19 
11.15 
11.29 
11.50 
11.60 
11.46 
11.15 
11.08 
10.98 
11.00 
11.22 

11.  23 
11.20 
(*) 
(*) 

10.41 
10.38 
10.34 
10.36 
10.36 
10.51 
10.55 
10.59 
10.58 
10.66 
10.79 
10.71 
10.  85 
10.93 
10.88 

10.  SO 
10.  09 
10.70 
10.71 
10.83 
10.89 
10.92 
10.93 
10.79 
.  10.  79 
10.70 

10.27 
10.24 
10.  21 
10.23 
10.21 
10.36 
10.39 
10.44 
10.41 
10.51 
10.65 
10.61 
10.74 
10.  82 
10.  74 
10.63 
10.  50 
10.50 
10.51 
10.64 
10.71 
10.77 
10.  70 
10.63 
10.04 
10.  57 

10.27 
10.24 
10.21 
10.  23 
10.21 
10.  35 
10.38 
10.44 
10.  42 
10.52 
10.07 
10.  62 
10.76 
10.84 
10.75 
10.65 
10.50 
10.  50 
10.52 
10.64 
10.71 
10.76 
10.78 
10.  63 
10.63 
10.57 

11.16 

11.15 

11.03 

10.98 

11.01 
11.09 
11.  13 

11.25 
11.  Ill 
11.23 

11.32 
11.26 

11.42 
11.47 
11.70 
11.67 
11.64 
11.4(3 
11.62 
11.55 
11.71 
11.83 
12.01 
11.85 
11.73 



10.67 
10.64 
10.  53 
10.  52 
10.57 
10.68 
H'.7o 

10.  81 
10.78 
10.87 
11.01 
10.91 
11.10 
11.15 
11.22 

11.  14 
11.07 
11.01 
11.08 
11.12 
11.20 
11.  25 
11.25 
11.14 
11.18 
11.13 

10.54 
10.51 

10.42 
10.41 
10.45 
10.  57 
10.58 
10.68 
10.65 
10.76 
10.95 
10.81 
11.01 
11.04 
11.04 
10.  93 
10.89 
10.  82 
10.90 
10.91 
10.  99 
11.03 
11.06 
10.95 
10.93 
10.86 

10.  55 

o 

10.52 

3 

10.  43 

4 

10.42 

6 

7 

10.46 
10.58 

8 

10.59 

9 

10.69 

10 

10.66 

11 

10.77 

13 

10.  95 

14 

10.82 

15 

11.02 

16 

11.07 

17 

11.08 

18 

10.  !)5 

20 

10.90 

21 

10. 85 

22 

10.91 

23 

10.  93 

24 

11.00 

25 

11.04 

27 

11.06 

28 

10.95 

29 

10.93 

30 

10.85 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

•Tan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.        1 

10.62 
10.65 
10.  73 

10.  09 
10.64 

10.68 
10.70 
10.70 
10.80 

10.  74 
10.70 
10.72 
10.68 
10.81 

11.  02 
10.91 
10.  89 
10.87 
10.90 
30.90 
10.81 
10.76 
10.77 
10.81 
10.  81 

10.53 
10.53 

10.  62 
10.54 
10.49 
10.55 
10.  57 
10.61 
10.65 
10.  58 
io.  56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.  65 
10.  72 
io.  63 
10.67 
10.65 
10.  65 
10.67 
10.  59 
10.60 
10.57 
in.  8  1 
10.57 
10.61 

10.52 
10.52 
10.61 
10.53 
10.49 
10.54 
10.57 
10.61 
10.65 
10.59 
10.57 
10.57 
10.56 
10.65 
10.71 
10.61 
10.65 
10.  04 
10.  62 

Id.  On 

10.52 

10.55 

10.51 
10.  53 
io.  52 
10.54 

10.58 
10.58 
10.  70 
10.  04 
10.57 
10.63 
10.67 
10.70 
10.75 
10.  69 
10.66 
10.66 
10.66 
10.75 
10.81 
10.72 
10.75 
10.74 
10.  72 
10.70 
10.60 

10.01 

10.58 
10.60 
10.58 
10.61 

11.06 
10.97 
11.06 

10.  98 
10.85 
10.96 

11.  02 
11.00 
11.01 
10.99 
10.88 
10.82 
10.74 
10.83 
10.91 
10.84 

10.84 
10.  83 
10.82 

10.78 
10.71 
10.70 
10.79 
10.86 
10.86 

10.80 
10.76 
10.87 
10.80 
10.70 
10.80 
10.86 
10.86 
10.91 
10.85 
10.80 
10.78 
10.75 
10.83 
10.91 
10.83 
10.84 
10.85 
10.85 
10.79 
10.72 
10.78 
10.80 
10.81 
10.81 
10.84 

10.79 
10.  75 
10.88 
10.82 
10.74 
10.  82 
10.  89 
10.89 
10.93 
10.89 
10.86 
10.85 
10.81 
10.88 
10.98 
10.90 
10.93 
10.  93 
10.94 
10.89 
10.81 
10.98 
10.  82 
10.  82 
10.81 
10.  83 

10.90 

o 

10.86 

4 

11.00 

5 

10.95 

6 

10.87 

7 

10.  96 

8 

11.02 

9 

11.01 

11 

11.07 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

21 

11.03 
11.00 
11.00 
10.96 
11.03 
11.12 
11.04 
11.06 
11.07 

22 

11.08 

23 

11.03 

25 

10.95 

26 

11.  12 

27 

10.94 

28 

10.94 

29 

10.93 

30    

10.94 

*  Nominal. 


COT — VOL  2- 


418  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Xciv  York,  18S0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery . 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1880. 

10.58 

(t) 

10.58 

10.54 

10.60 

10.56 

10.  59 

10.  57 

10.56 

10.  55 

10.55 

10.  59 

10.63 

10.  CO 

10.63 

10.72 

10.  73 

11.02 

11.35 

11.30 

11.75 

(t) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.51 

(t) 

10.53 

10.50 

10.55 

10.53 

10.53 

10.52 

10.  50 

10.52 

10.  49 

10.54 

10.59 

10.55 

10.59 

10.68 

10.06 

10.93 

11.33 

11. 25 

11.77 

(t) 

11.95 

11.97 

11.85 

11.77 

10.58 

(t) 

10.  58 

10.55 

10.60 

10.58 

10.58 

10.57 

10.55 

10.57 

10.55 

10.58 

10.62 

10.60 

10.63 

10.72 

10.70 

10.  99 

11.36 

11.30 

11.84 

(t) 

12.  05 

12. 14 

12.  04 

12.07 

10.69 

(t) 

10.69 

10.66 

10.  70 

10.  69 

10.68 

10.67 

10.65 

10.67 

10.64 

10.68 

10.72 

10.69 

10.73 

10.83 

10.79 

11.10 

11.46 

11.39 

11.94 

(t) 

12. 15 

12.24 

12.13 

12.16 

10.85 

(t) 

10.82 

10.  82 

10.85 

10.85 

10.83 

10.82 

10.77 

10.  82 

10.80 

10.85 

10.92 

10.86 

10.90 

10.95 

10.94 

11.18 

11.40 

11.36 

11.74 

(t) 

11.98 

12.14 

12.20 

10.83 

(t) 

10.80 

10.79 

10.83 

10.83 

10.80 

10.77 

10.73 

10.76 

10.74 

10.76 

10.85 

10.78 

10.83 

10.96 

10.94 

11.18 

11.43 

11.41 

11.80 

(t) 

12.  00 

12.18 

12.  06 

12. 12 

10.94 

(t) 

10.89 

10.87 

10.93 

10.94 

10.90 

10.88 

10.84 

10.87 

10.84 

10.85 

10.94 

10.88 

10.93 

11.07 

11.06 

11.32 

11.61 

11.58 

12.00 

(t) 

12.20 

12.  39 

12.21 

12.27 

11.09 

2 

(t) 
11.03 

3 

4 

11.01 

5 

11.05 

6 

11.06 

8 

11.04 

9 

11.01 

10 

10.97 

11 .• 

11.00 

12 

10.  95 

13 

10.97 

15 

11.00 

16 

10.99 

17 

11.05 

18 

11.21 

19 

11.20 

20 

11.45 

22 

11.77 

23 

11.74 

24 

12. 18 

25 

(t) 

26 

12.36 

27 

12.56 

29 

12.38 

30 

12. 42 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

11.  GO 

11.75 

11.05 

11.  CO 

11.59 

11.42 

LI.  25 

11.44 

11.35 

11.48 

11.47 

11.09 

11.68 

(*) 

11.60 

<*) 

11.55 

11.45 

11.4H 

11.  43 

11.37 

(1) 

(t) 

11.36 

11.99 

12.  03 

11.98 

11.84 

11.75 

11.62 

11.38 

11.64 

11.46 

11.  62 

11.59 

11.87 

11.78 

11.79 

11.  71 

11.57 

11.73 

11.57 

11.49 

11.54 

11.46 

(t) 

(t) 

11.37 

11.43 

11.37 

11.53 

12.  00 
12.16 
12.12 
12.03 
11..95 
11.78 
1 1 .  53 
11.78 
11.60 
11.76 

11.  74 

12.  00 
11.97 
11.  os 

11.  SO 

11.  74 

11.93 

11.75 

11.68 

11.73 

11.66 

(t) 

(t) 

11.62 

li.?:; 

11.66 
11.80 

12.11 
12.27 
12.23 
12.15 
12.08 
11.89 

11.  C5 
11.88 
11.71 
11.88 
11.85 

12.  16 
12.  08 
12.09 
12.  00 
11.85 
12.  05 
11.86 
11.80 
11.  85 
11.79 
(t) 
(t) 

11.76 
11.90 
11.84 
12.00 

11.97 
12.08 
12.  03 
12.00 
11.98 
11.86 
11.63 
11.78 
11.62 
11.79 
11.77 
12.02 
11.94 
11.94 
11.  84 
11.82 
11.93 
11.85 
11.77 

11.80 

11.77 

(t) 

(f) 

11.72 

11.89 

11.83 

12. 10 

12.21 

12.17 

12.14 

12. 13 

11.99 

11.75 

11.94 

11.81 

11.94 

11.88 

12.17 

12.  08 

12.09 

11.98 

11.93 

12.03 

11.92 

11.87 

11.88 

11.85 

(t) 

(t) 

11.78 

1 1 .  02 

11.86 

11.93 

12.26 

12.32 

12.32 

12.  31 

12. 30 

12. 16 

11.91 

12. 10 

11.98 

12. 13 

12.04 

12.34 

12.  25 

12.27 

12.16 

12.10 

12. 22 

12!  10 

12.06 

12.06 

12.03 

it) 

(1) 

11.98 

12.  15 

12.  06 

12.13 

12.40 

2 

12.52 

3 

12.  46 

4 

12.  47 

6 

12.  46 

7 

12. 32 

8 

12.  08 

9 

12.  26 

10 

12.15 

11 

12.  29 

13 

12.  22 

14 

12.50 

15  ... 

12.  41 

16 

12.  44 

17 

18 

12.34 
12.27 

20 

12.39 

21 

12.26 

22 

12.22 

23 

12.  2:! 

24 

12. 19 

25 

(t) 

27 

(t) 

28 

12.14 

29 

12.  34 

30 

1"  25 

31 

12.32 

'  Nominal. 


tHoliday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  419 

Daily  {lid) prices  of  cotton  "futures",  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans.                                                    Xew  York. 

Jan. 

deliver?. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar.           Apr.            Jan. 
delivery,   delivery,    delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1881. 

(t) 

11.57 

11.60 

11.62 

11.46 

11.  55 

11.52 

11.  is 

LI.  39 

11.28 

11.35 

11.40 

(*) 

(*) 

11.27 

11.33 

(*) 

11.32 

11.33 

(*) 

11.33 

(*) 

(*) 

o 

(*) 
(*) 

(t) 

11.85 

11.86 

11.84 

11.64 

11.72 

11.66 

11.66 

11.  53 

11.43 

11.52 

11.  50 

11.42 

11.40 
11.36 
11.45 
11.33 
11.40 
11.37 
11.39 
11.33 
11.34 
11.  32 
11.30 
11.25 
11.10 

(t) 

12.06 

12.09 

12:10 

11.88 

11.96 

11.91 

11.90 

11.78 

11.65 

11.78 

11.74 

11.65 

11.60 

11.  59 

11.67 

11.56 

11.63 

11.59 

11.65 

11.  56 

11.55 

11.  52 

11.48 

11.40 

11.21 

(t) 

12. 17 

12.21 

12.21  i 

12.00 

12. 08 

12.  03 

12.03 

11. 92 

11.79 

11.92 

11.88 

11.79 

11.73 

11.72 

11.82 

11.71 

11.76 

11.73 

11.79 

11.69 

11.68 

11.  65 

11.61 

11.51 

11.30 

(t) 

11.98 

12. 05 

12.08 

11.91 

11.95 

11.98 

11.97 

11.88 

11.-75 

11.  SI 

11.80 

11.70 

11.67 

11.65 

11.74 

11.66 

11.60 

11.  66 

11.77 

11.65 

11.63 

11.52 

11.50 

(t) 

12.15 

12.  22 

12.22 

12.07 

12.11 

12.11 

12.  11 
12.02 
11.87 
11.93 
11.95 
11.  82 
11.74 
11.73 
11.84 
11.74 
11.71 
11.72 
11.85 
11.68 
11.65 
11.56 
11.52 
11.43 
11.22 

(t) 

12.  33 

12.41 

12.40 

12.25 

12.28 

12.29 

12.29 

12.19 

12.05 

12. 10 

12.13 

12.00 

11.92 

11. 93 

12.02 

11.93 

11.90 

11.91 

12.  04 

11.87 

11.86 

11.81 

11.75 

11.62 

11.42 

(t) 

3 

12.47 

4 

12.55 

5  .. 

12.  55 

r> 

12.38 

7 

12.42 

8 

12.  43 

10 

12.43 

U 

12.34 

12 

12.20 

13 

12.25 

U 

12.28 

15 

12.15 

17 

12.07 

18 

12.08 

Ill 

12. 18 

20 

12.08 

21 

12.05 

<y> 

24 

12.19 

25 

12.02 

26 

12.01 

27 

11.97 

28 

11. 92 

29 

11.79 

31 

11.59 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb. 

deliver}-. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb.      1 

11.07 
11.05 
11.12 
11.00 
10.118 

10.  99 
11.05 
11.10 
11.07 
11.10 
11.05 

11.  10 
11.25 
11.20 
(*) 

11.25 
11.20 
11.04 
(t) 

10.85 
(*) 
(*) 

11.17 

11.12 

11.22 

11. 15 

11.  02 

11.04 

11.06 

11.12 

11.  09 

11.11 

11.07 

11.10 

11.27 

11.18 

11. 19 

11.24 

11.18 

11.07 

(t) 

10.99 

10.  97 

10.88 

10.93 

11.01 

11.  28 
LL22 

11.30 
11. 22 
11.11 
11.14 
11.13 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.16 
11.18 
11.34 
11.24 
11.24 
11. -jo 

a.  23 

11.13 

(t) 

11.11 

11.10 

11.01 

11.03 

11.12 

11.38 

11.32 

11.40 

11.32 

11.19 

11.23 

11.23 

11.29 

11.24 

11.23 

11.23 

11.  26 

11.44 

11.32 

11.31 

11.38 

11.  32 

11.21 

(t) 

11.18 

11.18 

11.11 

11.14 

11.26 

11.23 

11.20 

11.30 

11.24 

11.13 

11.13 

11.16 

11.20 

11.25 

11.  25 

11.24 

11.26 

11.37 

11.34 

11.35 

11.37 

11.30 

11.16 

(t) 

11.19 

11.  22 

11.22 

11.24 

11.43 

11.39 

11.50 

11.42 

11.27 

11.27 

11.  28 

11.35 

11.33 

11.36 

11.34 

11.30 

11.46 

11.42 

11.44 

11.48 

11.40 

11.25 

(t) 

11.23 

11.27 

11.27 

11.  28 

11.43 

11.60 

11.55 

11.67 

11.59 

11.43 

11.44 

11.43 

11.51 

11.49 

11.52 

11.49 

11.47 

11.66 

11.58 

11.60 

11.64 

11.56 

11.42 

(t) 

11.40 

11.42 

11.39 

11.38 

11.53 

11.73 

11.69 

3 

11.80 

4 

11.  73 

5 

11.56 

7 

11. 57 

8 

11.57 

9 

11.65 

10 

11.63 

11 

11.66 

12 

11.64 

14 

11.61 

15 

11.76 

16 

11.72 

17 

11.  74 

18 

11.78 

19 

11.70 

21 

11.56 

22 

(t) 
11.55 

23 

24 

11.57 

25 

11.54 

26 

11.52 

28 

11.67 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


420  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid) prices  of  cotton  ''futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  JVew  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1881. 

J£Zf          1        

11.00 

10.84 

10.74 

10.68 

10.52 

10.51 

10.34 

10.25 

10.31 

10.30 

10.31 

10.27 

10.35 

10.45 

10.38 

10.45 

10.55 

(*) 

10.65 

10.  60 

10.52 

10.55 

10.47 

10.50 

10.45 

(*) 

11.10 
10.99 
10.91 
10.79 
10.64 
10.55 
10.42 
10. 37 
10.  32 
10.40 
10.26 
10.17 
10.23 
10.52 
10.38 
10.48 
10.56 
10.50 
10.52 
10.48 
10.41 
10.53 
10.46 
in.::? 
10.38 
10.39 
10.35 

11.25 
11.10 
11.06 
10.  90 
10.73 
10.66 
10.46 
10.45 
10.37 
10.47 
10.32 
10.21 
10.25 
10.55 
10.42 
10.53 
10.61 
10.52 
10.54 
10.51 
10.42 
10.54 
10.46 
10.37 
10.37 
10.39 
10.36 

11.37 
11.22 
11.19 
11.04 
10.  84 
10.76 
10.  f>7 
10.56 
10.47 
10.57 
lo.-',:; 
10.  31 
10.  33 
10.62 
10.50 
10.59 
10.69 
10.59 
10.5A 
10.56 
10.45 
10.  58 
10.47 
10.  40 
10.41 
10.41 
10.39 

11.38 
11.30 
11.32 

11.20 
11.09 
11.01 
10.80 
10.69 
10.65 
10.68 
10.59 
10.  42 
10.38 
10.67 
10.59 
10.65 
10.80 
10.60 
10.65 
10.58 
10.54 
10.70 
10.61 
10.54 
10.52 
10.41 

11.47 
11.35 
11.35 
11.24 
11.11 
11.02 
10.80 
10.70 
10.66 
10.68 
10.59 
10.41 
10.36 
10.67 
10.59 
10.65 
10.81 
10.  60 
10.64 
10.  56 
10.53 
10.66 
10.57 
10.44 
10.42 
10.41 
10.45 

11.61 

11.48 
11.47 
11.35 
11.21 
11.14 
10.91 
10.84 
10.76 
10.79 
10.70 
10.49 
10.43 
10.74 
10.66 
10.76 
10.92 
10.70 
10.74 
10.67 
10.62 
10.74 
10.63 
10.51 
10.50 
10.  53 
10.54 

11.72 

2 

11.59 

3 

11.58 

4 

11.46 

5 

11.32 

7 

11.25 

8 

11. 02 

9 

10.95 

10 

10.87 

11 

10.89 

12 

10.  80 

14 

10.  59 

15 

10.52 

16 

10.84 

17 

10.77 

18 

10.85 

19 

11.  02 

21    

10.80 

22    

10.84 

23 

10.77 

24 

10.71 

25 

10.83 

26 

10.72 

28 

29 

10. 00 
10.60 

30 

10.60 

31 .. 

10.63 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Mis- 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr.      1 

10.34 

10.36 

10.38 

10.39 

10.46 

10.55 

10.42 

10.50 

10.45 

10.50 

10.48 

10.46 

(t) 

(t) 

10.40 

10.35 

10.30 

10.35 

10.32 

10.24 

10.35 

10.40 

10.40 

(*) 

10.37 

10.37 

10.40 

10.42 

10.48 

10.60 

10.40 

10.49 

10.48 

10.51 

10.49 

10.44 

(t) 

(t) 

10.39 

10.35 

10.33 

10.38 

10.32 

L0.35 

10.32 

10.37 

10.36 

10.32 

10.29 

10.29 

10.41 

10.44 

10.45 

10.47 

10.54 

10.65 

10.46 

10.55 

10.53 

10.58 

10.56 

10.52 

(t) 

(t) 

10.47 

10.42 

10.42 

10.  45 

10.40 

10.47 

10.42 

10.  51 

lo.  16 

10.40 

lo.  ::n 

10.37 

10.46 

10.49 

10.50 

10.52 

10.60 

10.  70 

10.51 

10.61 

10.58 

10.64 

10.62 

10.  59 

(t) 

(t) 

10.55 

10.52 

10.52 

10.55 

10.50 

10.  57 

10.52 

10.61 

10.56 

10. 49 

10.44 

10.44 

10.46 

10.  50 

10.52 

10.57 

10.64 

10.75 

10.57 

10.68 

10.63 

10.68 

10.67 

10.64 

(t) 

(t) 

10.57 

10.53 

10.52 

10.58 

10.53 

10.54 

lo.  5:; 

10.60 
10.61 
10.52 

10.56 

10.61 

10.62 

10.68 

10.74 

10.83 

10.65 

10.75 

10.69 

10.74 

10.73 

10.69 

(t) 

(t) 

10.62 

10.57 

10.57 

10.61 

10.56 

10.59 

10.57 

10.62 

10.62 

L0.52 

10.50 

10.49 

10.  05 

10.71 

10.70 

10.76 

10.82 

10.91 

10.74 

10.83 

10.77 

10.83 

10.81 

10.77 

(t) 

(t) 

10.70 

10.60 

10.66 

10.70 

10.64 

10.08 

10.66 

10.72 

10.72 

10.61 

10.58 

10.56 

10.74 

2 

10.  80 

4 

10.79 

5 

10.  84 

6 

10.90 

7 

10.  99 

8 

10.82 

9 

10.90 

11 

10.84 

12 

10.91 

13 

10.90 

14 

10.85 

15 

(t) 

lfi 

(t) 

18 

10.79 

19 

10.  75 

20 

10.75 

21 

10.78 

22 

10.74 

23 

10.77 

25 

10.75 

26 

10.81 

27 

10.81 

28 

10.  71 

29  ... 

10.  67 

30 

10.65 

*Norci«aL 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


421 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


Now  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Maj 

1831. 

10.18 
10. 13 
10.10 
lo.  15 
10.  L5 
in.  15 
10.08 
10.02 
L0.02 

1 

10.00 
10.  17 
in.  12 
10.11 
10.10 

(*) 

10.19 

(*) 

(*) 

10.  27 

10.28 

(*) 

10.35 

(*) 

(*) 

10.27 
10.21 

10.  24 
10.24 

10.25 
10.17 
10.11 

10.09 
10.09 
10.  22 
10.  18 
10.  16 

10.22 
10.29 
10.31 

10.19 
10.27 
L0.31 
10.  30 
10.30 
10.34 
10. 42 
10.40 

10.33 
10.30 

10.20 
l".-J'.' 
10.30 
10.31 

10.22 
10.17 
10.14 
in.  15 
L0.  15 
10.28 
10.25 
10.23 
10.24 
10.  30 
10.39 
10.40 
10.29 
10.  3C 
10.40 
10.39 
10.  14 
10.46 
10.49 
10.46 

10.35 
10.33 

10.28 
10.32 
10.33 
10.31 
10.25 
10.19 
10.16 
10.18 
10.17 
10.30 
10.27 
10.26 
10.28 
10.35 
10.44 
10.45 
10.35 
10.43 
10.47 
10.47 
10.51 
10.  55 
10.  58 
10.55 

10.40 
10.40 
10.36 
10.  34 
10.33 
10.33 
10.  27 
10.24 
10.  19 
10.  20 
10.22 
10.35 
10.42 
10.  38 
10.45 
10.54 
10.  64 
10.67 
10.60 
10.63 
10.66 
10.64 
10.78 
10.84 
(t) 

10.48 

10.47 

10.44 

10.44 

10.43 

10.43 

10.  34 

10.29 

10.  25 

10. 26 

10.28 

10.40 

10.47 

10.42 

10.50 

10.59 

10.69 

10.72 

10.  63 

10.  65 

10.68 

10.66 

10.73 

10.81 

(t) 

10.81 

10.56 

10.  56 

10.52 

10.53 

10.52 

10.52 

10.  42 

10.  37 

10.34 

10.35 

10.37 

10.49 

10.55 

10.48 

10.56 

10.64 

10.74 

10.76 

10.69 

10.70 

10.75 

10.74 

ln.70 

10. 87 

(t) 

10.87 

10.03 

3 

10.63 

4 

10.59 

10.60 

6 

10.59 

7 

10.59 

9 

10.49 

]i> 

10.45 

11 

10.42 

L2 

13 

10.42 
10.45 

14    

10.56 

16 

10.  00 

17 

10.  54 

10.62 



18 

10.69 

20      

10.79 

"1      

10.82 

23 

10.75 

24 

10.76 

25 

10.81 

20 

10.80 

27 

10.85 

2K 

10.93 

30 

<t) 

31 .. 

10.94 

1 

June 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

10.54 

"i  65 

LO 

10.54 

10.60 

10.67 

10.66 

10.60 

10.  65 

10.60 

10.58 

10.  58 

10.58 

10.  52 

10.  50 

10.50 

10.55 

10.60 

10.  70 

10.  71 

10.70 

10.73 

10.85 

10. 85 

10.63 
10.79 
10.63 
10.63 
10.73 
10.80 
10.74 
10.69 
10.77 
10.71 
10.  62 
10.  05 
10.66 
10.  58 
10.52 
10.56 
10.62 
10.69 
10.  75 
10.68 

10.85 
10.83 
10.82 

10.91 

10.73 
10.89 
10.74 
10.74 
10,84 
L0.92 
in.  86 
10.80 

10.IIO 

10.83 
ln.71 
10.76 
lo.7s 
10.69 
10.64 

10.  OS 

10.75 
10.83 
10.88 
10.82 

10.90 
10.99 
10. 96 

10.95 
11.05 

10.33 
10.42 
10.30 
10.29 
10.39 
10.42 
10.  35 

10. 29 
10.38 
10.33 
10.  25 
10.27 
10.28 
10.17 
10.12 
10.16 
10.22 

10. 30 
10.34 
10.  25 
in. -jr. 

10.27 
10.28 

10.25 
10.27 
10.36 

10.92 
11.09 
10.96 
10.97 
11.05 
11.12 
11.  04 
11.  00 
11.07 
11.04 
11.02 
11.03 
11.04 
10.  96 
10.84 
10.87 
10.  95 
11.00 
11.03 
11.01 
11.01 
10.97 
11.02 
10.99 
10.93 

10.97 
11.16 
11.03 
11.02 
11.11 
11.16 
11.08 
11.03 
11.10 
11.07 
11.04 
11.06 
11.06 
10.96 
10.85 
10.86 
10.94 
10.99 
11.03 
11.00 
10.99 
10.95 
11.02 
10.97 
10.96 
11.00 

11.04 
11.23 
11.11 
11.10 
11.19 
11.25 
11.16 
11.11 
11.18 
11.  14 
11.11 
11.13 
11.12 
11.03 
10.91 
10.92 
11.00 
11.05 
11.09 
11.04 
11.03 
10.98 
11.06 
11.01 
11.02 
11.06 

10.64 

10.80 

:; 

10.67 

4 

10.66 

6 

10.72 

7 

10.78 

8 

10.67 

9 

10.65 

10 

10.74 

11 

13 

10.70 
10.67 

14 

10.70 

15 

10.72 

16 

10.63 

17 

10.52 

L8 

10.55 

20 

10.64 

21 

10.66 

10.68 

23 

10.64 

L'4 

10.63 

25 

10.59 

27 

10.66 

28 

10.62 

29 

10.65 

30  ... 

10.72 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


"wi 


422  DAILY    PE1CES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  " futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  189S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  Tork. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept, 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

1881. 

July        1 

10.83 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.99 

10. 95 

11.02 

11.24 

11.29 

11.38 

11.47 

11.89 

11.65 

11.58 

11.92 

11.66 

11.83 

11.80 

11.89 

12.00 

11.99 

11.91 

11.98 

12.10 

10.98 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.13 

11.07 

11.13 

11.29 

11.44 

11.  50 

11.59 

12.00 

11.72 

11.70 

12.00 

11.73 

11.90 

11.83 

11.88 

11.99 

11.89 

11.84 

11.99 

12.07 

12.18 

12.34 

10.34 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.46 

10.37 

10.42 

10.54 

10.53 

10.61 

10.62 

10.87 

10.68 

10.70 

10.94 

10.73 

10.89 

10.84 

10.90 

11.02 

10.95 

10.91 

11.02 

11.11 

11.17 

11.23 

9.94 

(t) 
(f) 
(t) 

10.03 
9.96 
9.99 
10  12 
10. 12 
10.18  | 
10.19 
10.39 
10.17 
10.24 
10.  43 
10.25 
10.39 
10.35 
10.39 
10.50 
10.44 
10.39 
10.  51 
10.57 
10.59 
10.60 

11.00 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.17 

11.12 

11.13 

11.23 

11.35 

11.44 

11.  50 

11.77 

11.60 

11.63 

11.79 

11.58 

11.67 

11.60 

11.67 

11.80 

11.77 

11.66 

11.83 

11.  93 

11.89 

11.07 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.26 

11.17 

11.18 

11.27 

11.41 

11.48 

11.54 

11.84 

11.64 

11.67 

11.83 

11.63 

11.71 

11.63 

11.71 

11.80 

11.77 

11.66 

11.83 

11.94 

11.98 

12.14 

10.71 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.86 

10.77 

10.79 

10.86 

10.94 

10.92 

10.93 

11.11 

11.01 

11.01 

11.23 

11.11 

11.22 

11.17 

11.23 

11.  32 

11.31 

11.22 

11,31 

11.  36 

11.37 

11.40 

10.27 

9 

(t) 

4    

(t) 

5 

(t) 

6 

10.40 

7 

10.31 

8 

10.  33 

9 

10.  40 

11 

10.  46 

12 

10.43 

13 

10.46 

14 

10.60 

15 

10.48 

16 

10.  46 

18 

10.58 

19 

10.48 

20 

10.62 

21 

10. 56 

22 

10.  62 

23 

10.  69 

25 

10.66 

26 

10.59 

27 

10.  66 

28 

10.70 

29 

10.  69 

30 

10.74 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

A 

12. 31 

12.16 

12.07 

12.19 

12.23 

12.16 

12.16 

12.16 

12.24 

12.26 

12.33 

12.40 

12.53 

12. 65 

12.89 

12.92 

12.55 

12.45 

12.20 

11. 50 

11.62 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.16 
11.03 
10.91 
11.04 
11.08 
11.02 
10.96 
11.00 
11.01 
11.04 
11.12 
11.13 
11.13 
11.03 
11.17 
11.24 
11.10 
11.16 
11.05 
10.98 
11.02 
10.94 
10.84 
10.78 
10.76 
10.73 
10.87 

10.56 
10.45 
10.37 
10.49 
10.54 
10.49 
10.42 
10.47 
10.49 
10.55 
10.63 
10.67 
10.  73 
10.66 
10.79 
10.87 
10.73 
10.84 
10.73 
10.64 
10.  70 
10.72 
10.69 
10. 67 
10.68 
10.68 
10.82 

10.30 
10.25 
10.18 
10.31 
10. 35 
10.32 
10.26 
10.30 
10.33 
10.39 
10.49 
10.54 
10.62 
10.50 
10.70 
10.78 
10.68 
10.78 
10. 68 
10.60 
10.67 
10.68 
10.66 
10.65 
10.  65 
10.66 
10.80 

12.20 
12.10 
12.07 
12.12 
12.17 
12.14 
12.10 
12.08 
12.05 
12.09 
12.18 
12.26 
12.27 
12.17 
12.23 
12. 26 
12.15 
12.15 
12.18 
12.11 
12.41 
12.61 
12.92 
13.11 
13.28 
14.00 

11.34 
11.23 
11.18 
11.23 
11.30 
11.24 
11.17 
11.17 
11.17 
11.20 
11.29 
11.34 
11.35 
11.29 
11.  36 
11.42 
11.  32 
11.33 
11.34 
11.22 
11.32 
11.34 
11.34 
11.33 
11.32 
11.33 
11.48 

10.71 
10.63 
10.59 
10.64 
10.  72 
10.65 
10.  58 
10.61 
10.64 
10.70 
10.78 
10.82 
10.86 
10.83 
10.90 
10.99 
10.  92 
10.98 
10.92 
10. 82 
10.94 
10.97 
10.97 
10.96 
10.93 
10.  93 
11.07 

10.52 

2 

10.42 

3 

10.40 

4 

10.44 

5 

10.54 

6 

10.48 

8 

10. 42 

9 

10. 46 

10 

10.49 

11 

10.  56 

12 

10.  65 

13 

10.  69 

15 

10.75 

16 

10.72 

17 

10.80 

18 

10.91 

19 

10.87 

'     20 

10.89 

22 

10.83 

23 

10.74 

24 

10.87 

25 

10.91 

26 

10.  93 

27 

29 

10.91 
10.87 

30 

10.87 

31  .. 

11.01 

1 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  423 

Daily  (hid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xciv  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1SS1. 
Sept.      1 

11.02 

10.97 

11.  US 

11. 18 

11.12 

LI.  30 

11.47 

11.25 

11.35 

11.25 

11.15 

10.88 

11.25 

10.90 

11.00 

10.90 

10.90 

11.07 

11.10 

11.11 

11.15 

(t) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.03 
10.98 
11.30 

11.47 
11.32 
11.56 
11.80 

11.  ."4 

11.03 

10.  98 
11.31 

11.48 

a.  38 

11.66 
11.90 
11.69 

11.05 

11.01 

11.34 

11.  58  1 

11.  17 

11.75  | 

12.04  ! 

11.82 

12.03 

11.80 

1 1 .  07 

1 1 .  38 

11.68 

11.42 

11.44 

11.36 

11.23 

11.46 

11.49 

11.49 

11.63 

(t) 

11.55 

11.68 

11.53 

11.49 

11.70 
11.63 

11.83 
12.  03 
LI.  88 
12.21 

(t) 
12. 2G 

12.  :;n 

12.  08 

11.  96  J 

11.69 

11.88 

11.67 

11.70 

11.60 

1 1 .  58 

11.74 

11.87 

11.93 

12.00 

(t) 

12.00 

11.95 

11.66 

11.35 

11.29 

11.61 

11.84 

11.70 

12.05 

(t) 

12.06 

12.11 

11.97 

11.84 

LI.  56 

11.85 

11.61 

11.62 

11.46 

11.44 

11.60 

11.69 

11.80 

11.88 

(t) 

11.84 

11.85 

11.66 

11.62 

11.33 

11.24 

11.55 

11.82 

11.65 

12.06 

(t) 

12.  05 

12. 14 

12.00 

11.87 

11.55 

11.88 

11.62 

11.63 

11.48 

11.44 

11.62 

11.70 

11.80 

11.88 

(t) 

11.85 

11.86 

11.72 

11.70 

11.37 

11.28 

3 

11.63 

5 

11.88 

G 

11.76 

12.13 

8 

(t) 
12.13 

9 

10 

11.  69  1        11.  88 

11.48  |         11.70 
11.34            1 1 .  54 

12.24 

12 

12.10 

13 

11.95 

14 

11.  11 

11.:::; 

11. 11 

11.13 

11.00 

10.98 

11.10 

11.14 

11.16 

1 1 .  25 

(t) 

11.28 

11.33 

11.26 

11.19 

11.  24 

11.49 

11.31 

11.31 

11.17 

11.13 

11.27 

11.33 

11.34 

11.50 

(t) 

11.42 

11.49 

11.39 

11.34 

11.64 

15 

11.99 

16 

11.74 

17 

11.  75 

19 

11.  60 

20 

11.53 

21 

11.71 

11.79 

23 

11.88 

24 

11.97 

26 

(tl 
11.93 

27 

28 

11.96 

29 

11.81 

30 

11.80 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.        1 

11.32 
11.30 
11.20 
11.16 
ll.ld 
11.(14 
10.88 
10.7.". 
10.80 
10.85 

10.  85 
10.88 
10.85 
<t) 

10.87 
10.97 
11.00 
11.12 
11.16 
11.25 
11.15 
11.10 

11.  20 
11.07 

11.46 

11.42 

11.  12 

11.30 
11.29 
11.23 
1 1 .  0(1 
10.95 
11.00 
11.01 
11.01 
11.00 

10.99 

(t) 

10.98 

11.03 

11.05 

11.10 

11.14 

11.21 

11.66 

11.62 

11.57 

11.45 

11.41 

11.38 

11.26 

11.13 

11.16 

11.20 

11.21 

11.19 

11.22 

(t) 

11.19 

11.25 

11.22 

11.29 

11.37 

11.43 

11.80 

11.77 

11.73 

11.59 

11.56 

11.54 

11.40 

11.29 

11.33 

11. 38 

11.39 

11.38 

11.42 

(t) 

11.  3G 

11.44 

11.43 

11.49 

11.57 

11.  63 

11.46 

11.43 

11.59 

11.53 

11.53 

11.49 

11.78 
11.77 
11.73 
11.69 
11.  58 
11.52 
11.37 

11.30 
11.30 
11.34 
11.42 
11.34 
11.30 
11.  32 
11.34 
11.  39 
11.40 
11.41 
11.50 
11.53 
11.44 
11.40 
11.52 
11.53 
11.50 

11.84 
11.83 
11.75 
11.70 
11.60 
11.61 
11.43 
11.34 
11.38 
11.45 
11.53 
11.43 
11.40 

11.94 
11.92 
11.84 
11.77 
1 1.  67 
11.71 
11.53 
11.45 
11.51 
11.59 
11.66 
11.57 
1 1 .  52 

12.09 

3 

12.07 

4 

12.00 

5 

11.93 

6 

11.86 

7 

11.90 

8 

11.71 

10 

11.63 

11 

11.70 

12 

11.78 

13 

11.85 

14 

11.77 

15 

11.71 

17 

11.35  11.47 

11.36  11.48 

11.41  11.56 

11.42  11.58 

11.43  I         11.58 
11.55           11.72 

11.66 

18 

11.67 

19 

11.75 

20 

11.77 

21 

11.77 

22 

11.90 

24 

11.56 
11.45 
11.41 
11.54 
11.51 
11.50 
11.48 

11.72 
11.60 
11.57 
11.70 
11.64 
11.62 
11.58 

11.91 

25 

11.06  (        11.24 

11.05             11.21 
11.14            11.38 
11.00            11.31 
11.02  |         11.30 
11.00  1 

11.79 

26 

27 

28 

11.75 
11.90 
11.83 

29 

11.80 

31 

11.76 

Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


424 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Neio  Orleans  and  New  York,  188U  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

1881. 

1 

11.04 

11.04 

11.09 

11.02 

11.10 

11.04 

11.03 

11.05 

11.05 

11.20 

11.30 

11.48 

11.39 

11.48 

11.50 

11.50 

11.50 

11.53 

11.  50 

11.34 

(t) 

11.35 

11.40 

11.45 

(*> 

11.25 

11.25 
11.27 
11.20 
11.32 
11.27 
11.25 
11.29 
11.26 
11  37 
■    11.45 
11.  59 
11.46 
11.59 
11.63 
11.53 
11.59 
11.52 
11.51 
11.45 
(t) 

11.56 
11.55 
11.  57 
11.61 
11.60 

11.49 

11.49 

11.51 

11.50 

11.55 

11.51 

11.48 

11.  52 

11.50 

11.58 

11.69 

11.80 

11.69 

11.81 

11.86 

11.77 

11.83 

11.77 

11.74 

11.69 

(t) 

11.82 

11.78 

11.83 

11.87 

11.86 

11.63 

11.62 

11.  65 

11.64 

11.69 

11.65 

11.62 

11.67 

11.65 

11.75 

11.87 

11.99 

11.88 

12.02 

12.07 

11.90 

12. 02 

11.97 

11.94 

11.91 

(t) 

12.03 

12.03 

12.07 

12.13 

12.13 

11.54 

11.52 

11.50 

11.52 

11.51 

11.46 

(t) 

11.49 

11.40 

11.56 

11.72 

11.76 

11.71 

11.81 

11.85 

11.78 

11.86 

11.82 

11.87 

11.79 

(t) 

11.96 

11.94 

11.99 

12.04 

12.10 

11.66 

11.65 

11.63 

11.68 

11.66 

11.59 

(t) 

11.64 

11.57 

11.69 

11.85 

11.90 

11.81 

11.93 

11.95 

11.84 

11.93 

11.90 

11.91 

11.83 

(t) 

11.97 

11.95 

12.02 

12.24 

12.27 

11.83 

11.82 

11.82 

11.87 

11.84 

11.78 

(t) 

11.83 

11.76 

11.89 

12.06 

12.09 

12.02 

12.14 

12.17 

12.06 

12.14 

12.09 

12.11 

12.03 

(t) 

12.18 

12.16 

12.22 

12.44 

12.  47 

11.99 

2 

11.98 

3 

11.97 

4 

12.02 

5 

12.00 

11.94 

8 

(t) 

9 

12.00 

10 

11.93 

11 

12. 07 

12 

12.23 

14 

12.27 

15 

12.20 

16 

12.31 

17 

12.37 

18 

12.26 

19 

12.34 

21 

12.28 

22 

12.30 

23 

12.23 

24 

(t) 

25 

12.39 

26 

12.  35 

28 

12. 41 

29 

12.63 

30 

12.66 

1 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

11.65 

11.64 

11.69 

11.68 

11.54 

11.43 

11.47 

11.60 

11.54 

11.50 

11.45 

11.47 

11.59 

11.70 

11.72 

11.72 

11.79 

11  78 

11.70 

11.73 

11.74 

(t) 

11.65 

11.64 

U.88 

11.86 

11.92 

11.86 

11.72 

11.61 

11.65 

11.77 

11.68 

11.68 

11.63 

11.63 

11.69 

11.83 

11.80 

11.78 

11.83 

11.81 

11.69 

11.69 

11.71 

(t) 

11.60 

11.60 

11.55 

11.52 

(t) 

12.16 

12. 14 

12.17 

12.11 

11.99 

11.86 

11.92 

12.  06 

11.98 

11.97 

11.92 

11.94 

12.03 

12.15 

12.12 

12.12 

12.14 

12.10 

11.99 

12.00 

12.02 

(t) 

11.89 

11.91 

11.83 

11.82 

(t) 

12.37 

12.34 

12.37 

12.32 

12.19 

12.08 

12.14 

12.27 

12.19 

12.18 

12.15 

12.16 

12.  26 

12.39 

12.35 

12.  35 

12.40 

12.  37 

12.28 

12. 30 

12.33 

(t) 

12.21 

12.  22 

12.15 

12.13 

(D 

12.06 

12.00 

12.  05 

12.05 

11.96 

11.84 

11.84 

11.91 

11.86 

11.93 

11.91 

11.95 

11.99 

12.12 

12.08 

12.05 

12.08 

12.10 

11.95 

12.02 

11.99 

(t) 

11.95 

11.92 

11.92 

12.24 
12.19 
12.  25 
12.22 
12.  15 
12.06 
12.  05 
12.15 
12.08 
12. 11 
12. 11 
-    12.12 
12.14 
12.26 
12.21 
12. 19 
12.21 
12.21 
12.10 
12.  08 
12.10 
(t) 

12.02 
11.98 
11.95 
11.93 
(t) 

12.44 

12.39 

12.45 

12.  42 

12.34 

12.26 

12.26 

12.36 

12.30 

12.33 

12.32 

12.33 

12.35 

12.48 

12.44 

12. 43 

12.45 

12.45 

12.34 

12.32 

12.35 

(t) 

12.  28 

12.  28 

12.20 

12. 16 

(t) 

12.03 

2 

12.57 

3 

12.64 

12.61 

6 

12.  53 

7 

12.  45 

8 

12.45 

9 

12.55 

10  ... 

12.49 

12 

12.52 

13 

12.51 

14 

12.52 

15 

12.55 

16 

12.68 

17 

12.64 

19 

12.63 

20 

12.65 

21 

12.65 

22 

12.55 

23 

12.53 

24 

12.57 

2(5 

(f) 

27 

12.49 

28 

12.49 

29  ... 

12. 42 

30  .. 

12.  38 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  425 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1S80  \o  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1882. 

(t) 

11.52 
11.58 
11.53 
11.66 
11.69 
11.80 
11.80 
11.83 
11.83 
11.80 
11.84 
11.85 
11.93 
11.89 
11.83 
11.85 
.      11.82 
11.83 
11.84 
11.83 
11.87 
11.86 
11.89 

(t) 

11.  74 
11.83 
11.73 
11.85 
11.89 

12.  03 

12.00 
12.00 
11.96 
11.95 
11.98 
11.98 
12.01 
11.97 
11.87 
11.97 
11.85 
11.86 
11.81 
11.79 
11.87 
11.84 
11.84 
11.77 
11.80 

(t) 

12.01 

12. 11 

12.01 

12.16 

12. 18 

12.  33 

12.27 

12.28 

12.25 

12.22 

12.  26 

12.  25 

12.30 

12.  24 

12.13 

12.19 

12.12 

12.13 

12.07 

12.06 

12.14 

12.15 

12.14 

12.03 

12.07 

(t) 

12.21 
12.  30 
12.20 
12.35 
12.38 
12.53 
12. 48 
12.  50 
12.46 
12.  44 
12.48 
12.47 
12.  53 
12.46 
12.  35 
12.  40 
12.34 
12.34 
12.30 
12.29 
12.39 
12.41 
12.10 
12.26 
12.32 

(t) 

11.78 

11.83 

11.79 

11.91 

11.86 

11.99 

11.98 

11.99 

11.97 

11.92 

11.95 

12.00 

12.07 

12.00 

11.95 

12.02 

(t) 

11.98 

12.04 

11.99 

12.16 

12.14 

12. 20 
12.18 
12.21 
12.15 
12.11 
12. 12 
12. 14 

12. 21 
12.13 
12.06 
12.10 
12.05 
12.04 
12.  00 
12.01 
12.10 
12.11 
12.17 
11.99 
12.05 

(t) 

12.20 

12.26 

12.23 

12.41 

12.40 

12.48 

12.46 

12. 49 

12. 42 

12.38 

12.39 

12.42 

12.48 

12. 40 

12.  31 

12.35 

12.30 

12.28 

12.24 

12.26 

12.38 

12.38 

12.39 

12.20 

12.  26 

(t) 

■j 

12.38 

4 

12.45 

5         

12.42 

6 

12.61 

12.60 

9 

12.67 

10 

12.67 

11 

12.70 

12 

12.63 

13 

14 

12.60 
12.60 

16 

12.63 

17 

12.68 

18 

12.61 

19 

12.51 

20 

12.55 

21 

12.49 

23 

11.98 
11.98 
11.99 
12. 07 
12.08 
12.15 

12.48 

24 

12.44 

25 

12.46 

26 

12.58 

27 

12.60 

28 

12.60 

30 

12.40 

31 

12.48 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb.      1 

11.69 

11.68 

11.67 

11.71 

11.69 

11.65 

11.50 

11.45 

11.49 

11.55 

11.30 

11.15 

11.35 

11.26 

11.46 

11.45 

11.37 

(t) 

(t) 

11.25 

11.38 

11.52 

11.48 

11.99 

12.01 

11.97 

11.95 

11.83 

11.  73 

11.59 

11.53 

11.57 

11.62 

11.29 

11.17 

11.38 

11. 27 

11.45 

11.43 

11.39 

(t) 

(t) 

11.19 

11.36 

11.52 

11.48 

11.53 

12.23 

12.26 

12.25 

12.  24 

12.10 

11.99 

11.77 

11.70 

11.78 

11.81 

11.44 

11.29 

11.52 

11.42 

11.62 

11.64 

11.64 

(t) 

(t) 

11.42 

11.56 

11.71 

11.62 

11.71 

12.40 

12.44 

12.44 

12.43 

12.32 

12. 19 

11.98 

11.90 

11.98 

12.01 

11.64 

11. 43 

11.67 

11.60 

11.81 

11.84 

11.84 

(t) 

(t) 

11.64 

11.75 

11.92 

11.81 

11.87 

11.94 

12.01 

12. 00 

11.  95 

11.89 

11.83 

11.70 

11.54 

11.66 

11.61 

11.32 

11.28 

11.46 

11.44 

11.56 

11.61 

11.64 

11.53 

(t) 

11.37 

11.52 

11.73 

11.63 

12.17 

12.  25 

12. 23 

12.19 

12.  09 

12.  02 

11.90 

11.70 

11.77 

11.79 

11.48 

11.40 

11.55 

11.  49 

11.62 

11.68 

11.70 

11.56 

(t) 

11.40 

11.54 

11.77 

11.81 

11.73 

12.38 

12.46 

12.45 

12.42 

12. 32 

12.23 

12.09 

11.85 

11.96 

11.97 

11.64 

11.54 

11.73 

11.64 

11.79 

11.86 

11.89 

11.76 

(t) 

11.60 

11.74 

11.95 

11.99 

11.89 

12.58 

2 

12.  66 

3 

12.  #4 

4 

12*01 

6 

12.  52 

7 

12.  42 

8 

12.26 

9 

12.02 

10 

12.12 

11 

12.13 

13 

11.82 

14 

11.69 

15 

11.88 

16 

11.79 

17 

11.94 

18 

12.02 

20 

12.06 

21 

11.93 

22 

(t) 
11.76 

23 

24 

11.92 

25 

12.12 

27 

12.16 

28 

12.08 

t  Holiday. 


426  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1898. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1882. 
Mar       1 

11.49 
11.  43 

11.55 

(t) 

11.50 

11.53 

11.65 

11.64 

11.78 

11.90 

11.85 

(*) 

11.95 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.91 

11.95 

11.89 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.73 
11.67 
11.74 

It; 

11.70 
11.74 
11.78 

11.  79 
11.91 

12.  02 
12.04 
12.03 
12.06 
12.18 
12. 15 
12. 11 

11.  97 

12.  00 
11.97 
11.01 
11.95 
11.  SO 

11.92 

11.98 
11.83 
11.89 
11.89 

11.95 

11.87 

11.95 

(t) 

11.91 

11.95 

11.98 

11.97 

12.11 

12.23 

12.  25 

12.22 

12.26 

12.38 

12. 32 

12.30 

12.15 

12. 19 

12.16 

12. 12 

12.16 

12.  09 

12. 10 

12.18 

12.04 

12.10 

12.08 

12.11 

12.  15 

12.12 

(t) 

12.09 

12.12 

12.15 

12. 15 

12.  30 

12.  43 

12.46 

12. 41 

12,46 

12.59 

12.52 

12. 50 

12.33 

12.40 

12.  35 

12.30 

12.  35 

12.29 

12.29 

12.  38 

12.  24 

12.26 

12.  24 

11.80 
11.71 
11.81 
1L76 
11.78 
11.81 
11.82 
11.85 
11.91 
12.  07 
12.10 
12.03 
12.13 
12.  22 
12. 17 
12.19 
12.04 
12. 12 
12.09 
12.09 
12. 12 
12.11 
12.12 
12.17 
12.05 
12.06 

11.96 
11.86 
11.94 
11.89 
11.92 
11.94 
11.94 
11.99 
12.  10 
12.  22 
12.24 
12.14 
12.23 
12. 35 
12.29 
12.28 
12.13 
12.21 
12.16 
12.13 
12.15 
12.11 
12.12 
12.18 
12.07 
12.08 
12. 05 

12.14 

12.04 
12.10 
12.06 
12.09 
12.12 
12.12 
12.17 
12.29 
12.  41 
12.44 
12. 33 
12.43 
12.55 
12.49 
12. 48 
12.31 
12.40 
12.34 
12.36 
12.32 
12. 29 
12. 29 
12.35 
12. 21 
12.  22 
12. 20 

12.31 

2 

12.21 

3 

12. 27 

4 

12. 23 

6 

12. 26 

7 

12.29 

8 

12.  29 

9 

12.34 

10 

12.  46 

11  .. 

12.60 

13 

12.64 

14 

12.52 

15 

12.  63 

16 

12.  74 

17 

12.68 

18 

12.67 

20 

12.50 

21 

12.59 

22 

12.53 

23 

12.50 

24 

12.51 

25 

12.47 

27 

12.48 

28 

12.54 

29 

12.39 

30 

12.38 

31 

12.35 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

.  June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apy.       1 

11.88 

11.92 

11.95 

11.94 

11.93 

(t) 

(t) 

11.93 

11.98 

11.99 

12.08 

12.03 

12.02 

12.00 

11.99 

12.02 

12.12 

11.98 

12.00 
12.  00 
12.00 

12.00 
12.01 
(*) 

12.06 
12.  03 
12.07 
12.00 
12.02 
(t) 
(t) 

12.  05 
12.08 
12.10 
12.20 
12.  19 
12. 14 
12.  12 
12.07 
12.  08 
12.  07 
12.  04 
.      12. 02 
12. 12 
12.12 
12.  03 
12.05 
12.03 
12.03 

12.20 

12.17 

12.19 

12.13 

12. 14 

(t) 

(t) 

12.16 

12.23 

12.25 

12.36 

12.36 

12.30 

12.28 

12.23 

12.24 

12.23 

12.20 

12. 18 

12.15 

12.16 

12. 21 

12. 21 

12.18 

12.17 

12.36 

12.33 

12.  36 

12.28 

12.29 

(t) 

(t) 

12.31 

12.  39 

12. 42 

12.  53 

12.  54 

12.46 

12.46 

12.  41 

12.41 

12.  41 

12.36 

12.35 

12.31 

12.32 

12.  38 

12.  39 

12.  37 

12.34 

12.00 

12.02 

12.09 

12.03 

12.  05 

(t) 

(t) 

12.08 

12.17 

12.16 

12.26 

12.  29 

12.27 

12.21 

12. 22 

12.20 

12.26 

12.21 

12.21 

12.20 

12.  18 

12.  25 

12.29 

12.  25 

12.13 

12.  14 

12.19 

12. 11 

12.13 

(t) 

(t) 

12.  15 

12.20 

12.26 

12.36 

12.37 

12.  35 

12.29 

12.26 

12.  24 

12.  31 

12.24 

12.24 

12.21 

12.18 

12.25 

12.  29 

12.26 

12.23 

12.28 

12. 28 

12.  35 

12.27 

12.28 

(t) 

<t> 

12.30 

12.42 

12.41 

12.52 

12.53 

12.51 

12.45 

12.  41 

12.39 

12. 45 

12.37 

12.38 

12.36 

12.  33 

12.  39 

12.  42 

12.38 

12.35 

12.43 

3 

12.  43 

4  ... 

12.  49 

12.  41 

6 

12.  43 

7 

(t) 

8 

(t) 

10 

12.45 

11 

12.57 

12  ... 

12.  56 

12.  67 

14 

12.  69 

15 

12.  66 

17 

12.60 

18 

12.56 

19 

12.54 

20 

12.  60 

21 

12.52 

22 

12.  52 

24 

12. 49 

1".  10 



26 

12.53 

27 

12.  56 

28 

12.52 

29  ... 

12.48 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  427 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton   "futures"  in  Sew  Orleans  and  New    York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


l-'-L'. 
1  ... 


9 . 

10. 

11  . 
12. 

13  . 
1"). 
16. 
17. 
18. 

19  . 

20  . 
22. 

23  . 

24  . 

25  . 
20  . 
27  . 


8. 

9. 
10. 
12. 
13  . 
14. 
15  . 
16. 
17  . 
19. 
20  . 
•J]  . 
22  . 
23. 
24  . 

26  . 

27  . 
28 
29  . 
30. 


New  Orleans. 


May  June  July  Aug. 

delivery,   delivery,   delivery,  delivery. 


12.05 

12.  03 

11.99 

11.97 

11.99 

12,  mi 

12.06 

12.06 

12.  08 

12.  09 

12.08 

12.  10 

12.08 

12.03 

11.98 

11.96 

11.98 

11.93 

11.89 

11.90 

11.90 

11.98 

11.85 

(*) 

(t) 

(t) 


12.17 

12. 1C 

12.  15 

12.  15 

12.14 

12.17 

12.19 

12.17 

12.21 

12.  19 

12.  18 

12.19 

12.  17 

12.07 

11.97 

11.94 

11.98 

11.93 

11.89 

11.88 

11.87 

11.91 

11.83 

11.84 

(t) 

(t) 

11.80 


Jnne  July 

delivery,    delivery. 


11.86 
11.84 
11.91 

11.97 
12.04 
12.  04 
12.03 
12.01 
12. 12 
12.00 
11.96 
11.96 
11.98 
11.97 
IL',04 
12.08 
12.  11 
12.  15 
12.19 
12.14 
12.11 
12.22 
12.28 
(*) 


12.00 
11.93 
12.00 
12.05 
12.11 
12. 11 
12.10 
12.04 
12.08 
12.05 
12.12 
12.00 
12  03 
12.09 
12.12 
12.14 
12.  13 
12.18 
12.24 
12. 16 
12.15 
12.  27 

1 1.  27 
12.41 
12.47 

12.  50 


12.35 
12.35 

12.:::! 
12.34 

12.  :i4 

12.37 

12.41 

12.  40 

12.44 

12.42 

12.40 

12.  42 

12.38 

12.  28 

12.20 

12.  13 

12.17 

12.  lo 

12.07 

12.05 

12.06 

12.15 

12.04 

12.03 

(t) 

(t) 

11.94 


12.  46 
12.47 
12.  \:> 
12.46 

12.  411 
12.49 
12.  54 
12.51 
12.  56 
12.53 
12.  52 
12.54 
12.49 
VI. 39 
12.29 
12.22 
12.  29 
12.  20 

12. 14 
12.13 

12. 15 
12.21 
12.13 
12.10 
(t) 
(t) 
12.01 


Aug.  Sept. 

delivery,    delivery. 


12.09 
12.02 
12.08 
12.  14 
12.20 
12.21 
12.19 
12. 13 
12.18 
12.  15 
12.08 
12.08 
12.10 
12.  17 
12.  20 
12.23 
12.  21 
12.27 

12.  :;4 

12.24 
12.24 
12.  36 
12.37 
12.55 
12.  61 
12.64 


11.49 
11.41 
11.47 
11.51 
11.57 
11.56 
11.56 
11.50 
11.53 
11.51 
11.45 
11.45 
11.46 
11.  52 
11.55 
11.56 
11.53 
11.59 
11.64 
11.54 
11.53 
11.66 
11.67 
11.79 
11.73 
11.73 


New  York. 


May  June     '      July      I      Aug, 

delivery,    delivery,    delivery,    delivery. 


12.20 
12.21 
12. 18 
12.21 
12.23 
12.  27 
12.  32 

12.2!) 

12.32 

12.31 
12.30 
12.33 

12.  ■::, 
12.23 
12.18 

12.08 
12.13 
12. 03 
11.95 
11.96 
12.03 
12.12 
12.03 


June 
delivery. 


12.04 
11.96 
12.04 
12.07 
12.15 
12.17 
12.15 
12.09 
12.10 
12.10 
12.05 
12.05 
12.08 
12.15 
12.18 
12.  21 
12.17 
12.27 
12.35 
12.27 
12.  24 
12.  4:: 
12.46 
12.60 


12.32 
12.34 
12.31 

12.34 
12.  34 
12.  38 
12.43 
12.39 
12.42 
12.  41 
12.  40 
12.  41 
12.33 
12.  26 
12.  21 
12.12 
12. 18 
12.07 
11.  its 
11.99 
12.05 
12. 13 
12.03 
12.02 
(t) 
(t) 
11.93 


July 

delivery. 


12.14 
12.07 
12.13 
12. 15 
12.  23 
12.  23 
12.20 
12.16 
12.17 

12. 17 
12.12 
12.12 
12.13 

12. 18 
12.21 
12.26 
12.  23 
12.32 
12.38 
12.31 
12.  26 
12.43 
12.48 
12.61 
12.68 
12.67 


12.46 

12.  47 

12.  44 

12.48 

12.48 

12.52 

12.57 

12.  53 

12.56 

12.  55 

12.54 

12.55 

12.  46 

12.39 

12.  33 

11'.  22 

12.28 

12.17 

12.08 

12.09 

12.  15 

12.  26 

12. 15 

12.14 

(t) 

(t) 

12.04 


Aug. 

delivery. 


12.23 
12.15 
12.21 
12.24 
12.  32 
12.  32 
12.  30 
12.  26 
12.27 
12.  26 
12.  22 
12.21 
12.21 
12.27 
12.31 
12.36 
12.33 
12.4:: 
12.49 
12.41 
12.37 
12.53 
12.  58 
12.  72 
12.  77 
12.77 


12.60 
12.  61 

12.  0U 
12.60 
12.62 
12.  66 
12.  72 
12.68 
12.70 
12.69 
12.  07 
]  2.  69 

12.59 
12.  51 
12.  44 
12.32 
12.39 
12.27 
12. 18 
12.19 
12.25 
12.  36 
12.25 
12.24 

(t) 

(t) 
12.13 


Sept. 

delivery. 


11.93 
11.85 
11.91 
11.94 
12.02 
12.02 
12. 00 
1 1  96 
11.97 
11.96 
11.91 
11.91 
11.92 
11.98 
12.01 
12.05 
12.  00 
12.  10 
12.  18 
12.  10 
12.07 
12.  25 
12.  27 
12.  38 
12.35 
12.37 


Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


a  » 


428  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1S80  to  1893. 


New  Orleans.    • 

Kew  York 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1882. 

July       1 

3 

12.56 

(t) 

(t) 

(t( 

12. 90 

12.92 

12.96 

13. 02 

12.95 

12.89 

12.  85 

12.77 

12.85 

12.  73 

12.70 

12.65 

12.64 

<*) 

(*) 

12.57 

12.57 

12.62 

12.60 

12.55 

12.70 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

13.  05 

12.96 

13. 03 

13.  07 

12.94 

12.93 

12.85 

12.  77 

12.83 

12.  09 

12.  7:; 

12.  64 
12.  61 
12.53 
12.53 
12.57 
12.  73 
12.56 
12. 5:: 
12.  48 
12.38 
12.  33 

11.76 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.94 

11.83 

11.95 

12.  00 

11.93 

11.89 

11.81 

11.77 

11.86 

11.74 

11.82 

11.73 

11.79 

11.78 

11.81 

11.81 

11.88 

11.91 

11.93 

11.90 

11.87 

11.80 

11.44 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.57 

11.48 

11.61 

11.68 

11.64 

11.58 

11.51 

11.48 

11.57 

11.50 

11.55 

11.50 

11.56 

11.55 

11.58 

11.57 

11.63 

11.64 

11.66 

11.61 

11.58 

11.51 

12.64 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 

12.97 
12.88 
13.04 
13.04 
12.93 
'       12. 87 
12.77 
12.  73 
12.77 
12.63 
12.68 
12.64 
12.  64 
12.68 
12.73 
12.  IN 
]2.  75 
12.  75 
12.80 

12  72 

ft) 

(t) 

(t) 

13.00 

12.90 

13.08 
13.08 
12.99 
12.92 
12.  83 
12.  75 
12.80 
12.66 
12.69 
12.64 
12.  65 
12.69 
12.73 
12.68 
12.74 
12.74 
12.78 

12.35 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12.59 

12.53 

12.  72 

12.  70 

12.67 

12.  61 

12.53 

12.40 

12.55 

12.  42 

12.46 

12.  41 

12.  43 

12.46 

12.5(1 

12.  46 

12.54 

12.51 

12.59 

12.  58 

12.52 

12.41 

11.74 

(t) 

4 

5 

(t) 
(t) 

6 

11.92 

7 

11.84 

8 

12.01 

10 

12.08 

11 

11.98 

12 

11.94 

13 

11.88 

14 

11.85 

15 

11.90 

17 

11.87 

18 

11.90 

19 

11.86 

20 

11.89 

21 

11.90 

22 

11.94 

24 

11.91 

25 

11.97 

26 

11.96 

27 

11.99 

28 "-. 

12.  84            12.  84 

11.97 

''9 

12.80 
12.  72 

11.92 

11.81 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Ot. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept, 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nor. 
delivery. 

Aug.      1 

12.35 
12.  37 
12.47 
12.42 
12.  40 
12.30 
12.20 
12.  22 
12.  35 
12.  32 
12.  30 
12.30 
12.  30 
12. 30 
12.  34 
12.34 
12.40 
12.35 
12.  42 
12.53 
1  2.  59 
12.60 
12.57 
1  L\  56 
12.30 
12.  30 

11.83 
11.89 
11.90 
11.91 
11.91) 
11.87 
11.81 
11.81 
11.88 
11.86 
11.84 
11.87 
11.87 
11.87 
13.86 

11.  Mi 

11.85 
11.84 
11.84 
11.89 
11,90 

11.91 
11.93 
11.94 
1 1 .  9:! 
11.91 
11.90 

11.  54 
11.58 
11.59 
11.  GO 
11.  60 
11.57 
11.  51 
11.52 
11.59 
11.56 
11.55 
11.57 
11.58 
11.57 

n.56 

11.55 
11.55 
11.54 
11.54 
1 1 .  58 
11.  57 
11.58 
11.61 
11.60 
11.59 
11.58 
11.57 

11.40 
11.44 
11.46 
11.46 
11.46 
11.43 
11.39 
11.40 
11.45 
11.43 
11.42 
11.44 
11.44 
11.43 
11.42 
11.41 
11.40 
11.4(1 
11.39 
11.42 
11.41 
1 1.  42 
11.44 
11.42 
11.42 
11.42 
11.41 

12.76 
12.83 
12.97 
13.01 
12.  98 
12.94 
12.  86 
12.79 
12.85 
12.83 
12.  SI 
12.  84 
12.87 
12.86 
12.89 
12.93 
12.911 

12.89 

12.86 
12.83 
12.82 
12.81 
12. 89 
12.39 
12.81 
12.50 

12.45 
12.50 
12.  57 
12.  60 
12.  57 
12.56 
12.  49 
12.40 
12. 52 
12.51 
12.49 
12.56 
12.00 
12.56 
12.53 
1"  52 

11.84 
11.89 
1 1 .  92 
11.93 
11.93 
11.90 
11.84 
11.82 
11.89 
11.87 
11.84 
11.90 
11.94 
11.92 
1 ! .  89 

11    89 

11.64 

2 

11.  69 

3 

11  71 

4 

11  72 

5 

11  73 

7 

11.70 

8 

1 1 .  05 

9 

11.61 

10 

11.69 

11  .. 

11.67 

12 

11  63 

14 

11.69 

15 

11.71 

16 

11.68 

17 

11.66 

18 

11.65 

19 

12.48  1         11.85 
12.46  |         11.84 
12.46           11.86 
12.48  1         11.87 

12.48  ,         1  I    86 

12.49  1        11.88 
12. 53  J        11.  91 
12.55  i         11.93 

12.50  |         11.89 
12.48  1         11.89 
12  48  '        11  «« 

1 1  63 

21 

11   6° 

22 

11  63 

23 

11.00 

24 

11   07 

25 

11.  69 

26 

1  1   7" 

28 

11   72 

29 

11.  69 

30 

11.  71 

31 

11.69 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  429 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oot. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Deo, 
delivery. 

Sept.           Oct. 
delivery,    delivery. 

Nov.            Dec. 
delivery,  delivery. 

1882. 
Sept.     1 

11.82 
11.78 

11.77 

11.50 
11.47 
11.46 
11.46 
11.  19 
11.53 
11.55 
11.58 
11.51 
11.46 
11.51 
11.  47 
11.48 
11.47 
11.39 
1  L.38 
11.39 
11.  13 
11.  12 
11.37 
11.31 
11.21 
11. 18 
11.21 
11.11 
11.07 

11.  35 
LI. 31 
LI.  30 
1  L.30 
11.32 
11.36 
11.37 
11.40 
U.32 
11.27 
11.31 
11.27 
11.27 
11.23 
11. 16 
11.16 
1.1.16 
11.19 
11.17 
11.13 
11.07 
10.96 
10.  92 
10.07 
10.  si; 
10.84 

11.35 
11.31 
11.30 
11.29 
11.32 
11.35 
11.38 
11.  39 

1L32 
11.27 

11.31 
11.20 
11.25 
11.21 
11.13 
11.14 
11.13 
11.16 
11.14 
11.11 
11.05 
10.94 
10.90 
10.95 
10.86 
10.83 

12.39 
12.33 
12.  28 

12.  27 
12.33 
12.  39 

11.80 
11.75 
11  70 
11.74 
11.80 
11.84 

11.61 
11.50 
11.57 
11.56 
11.60 
11.63 
11.62 
11.68 
11.63 
11.56 
11.59 
11.48 
11.50 
11.44 
11.36 
11.34 
11.38 
11.43 
11.38 
11.  32 
11.28 
11.21 
11.15 
11.21 
11.08 
11.02 

11.61 

2 

11.56 

4 

11.57 

5 

6 

7 

11.79 

11.50 
11.60 

11.03 

8 

11.90 
11.91 
11.86 
11.84 

LI.  92 

12.  1  II 

12.03 
11.97 
12.00 

12.24 
12.24 
12.19 
12.  L3 

12.27 
12.60 

14.  00 

12.44           11.83 
12.51  i        11.90 
12.44           11.85 
12.32           11.77 
12.38           11.81 
12.29           11.71 

11.01 

9 

11.67 

11 

11.62 

1" 

11.55 

13 

11.57 

14 

11.47 

15 

12.:;:. 

12.28 
12.  12 
12.03 
11.99 
11.95 
12.05 
11.91 
11.86 
11.65 
11.61 
11.63 
11.60 

11.75 
11.71 
11.  01 
11.57 
11.60 
11.65 
11.62 
11.55 
11.49 
11.40 
11.36 
11.43 
11.  29 
11.2.1 

11.49 

16 

11.  43 

18 

11.35 

19 

11 .  32 

20 

11.36 

21 

11.42 

•_>■_> 

23 

11.37 
11.30 

25 

11.27 



11.20 

27 

11.14 

28 

11.21 

29 

11.07 

30 

11.02 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

.Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct, 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec, 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct       2 

10.88 

■ 
10.  72 

10.89 
10.85 
10.  S3 
10.91 
10.89 

10.82 

10.57 

10.67 
10.67 
10.57 
10.67 
10.  68 
10.03 
10.  CO 
L0.65 
10.68 
10.61 
10.61 
10.52 
10.43 

10.67 
10.07 
10.57 
10.67 
10.69 
10.  63 
10.60 
10.65 
10.07 
10.61 
10.01 
10.52 
10.43 
10.35 
10.35 
10.31 
10.30 
10.  34 
10.29 
10.28 
10.18 
10.14 
10.18 
10.23 
10.16 
10.13 

10.74 
10.72 
10.04 
10.73 
10.  76 
10.70 
ln.07 
10.74 
10.76 
10.68 
10.68 
10.59 
10.51 
10.42 
10.43 
10.41 
10.39 
10.4:: 
10.36 
10.36 
10.27 
10.25 
10.  27 
10.34 
10.25 
10.19 

11.03 

10.  86 

10.85 
10.  93 
io.  ::i 
10.93 
10.96 
10.85 
10.83 
10.88 
10. 95 
10.89 

10.92 

3 

11.05           10.93 

11.01 

4 

10.94 
11.08 
11.21 
11.08 
11.06 
11. 12 
11.17 
11.10 
11.12 
11.03 
10.96 
10.89 
10.88 
10.73 
10.73 
10.79 
10.68 
10.69 
10.60 
in.:.:: 
10.55 
10.56 

10.79 
10.92 
10.96 
10.85 
10.83 
10.88 
10.96 
10.91 

10.98 

11.01 

0 

11.  0B 

10.93 

9 

10.  ill 

10 

10.95 

11 

11.02 

12 

10.95 

13 

10. 90           10.  88 
10.  82           10.  79 
1'|.79           10.75 
10.  73           10.  69 
10.73           10.71 
10.01           10.60 
10. 61           10.  61 
10.68  ,         10.67 
10.58           10.58 
ln.58           10.58 
10.48  |         10.48 
10.42           10.42 
10.46            10.47 
10.52           10.53 

10.94 

14 

10.85 

16 

10.83 

17 

10.48 

10.  Hi           10.35 
lO.Jo           in.  ::i 
10.4::          10.31 
10.53           10.34 

10.76 

18 

10.79 

19 

10.69 

20 

10.71 

21 

10.76 

••:: 

10.54 
10.51 

10.  29 
10.  33 

10.  30 
10.29 
10.  19 

10.14 

10.67 

M 

10.67 

25  . . . 

10.57 

26 

10.52 

27 

10.  30           10.  18 
10.40            10.  "3 

10.57 

28 

10.63 

30 

10.16 
10.13 

10.54 
10.41 

10.64 

31 

10.48 

430  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTCRES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Neio  Orleans  and  New  ¥orki  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  Tort. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1882. 
Nov       1 

10.07 
10.05 
10.06 
10.00 
9.89 
9.85 

10.06 
10.05 
10.05 
10.01 
9.92 
9.87 

10.15 
10.16 
10.14 
10.11 
10.04 
10.02 

10.26 
10.27 
10.25 
10.22 
10.16 
10.13 

10.37 

10.37 

10.41 

L0.35 

10.29 

(t) 

10.26 

10.21 

10.25 

10.22 

10.38 

10.35 

10.42 

10.46 

10.56 

10.69 

10.57 

10.51 

10.48 

10.50 

10.49 

10.58 

10.57 

10.40 

10.34 

10.35 

10.38 

10.33 

10.26 

(t) 

10.20 

10.17 

10.20 

10.17 

10.31 

10.29 

10.31 

10.33 

10.42 

10.54 

10.42 

10.40 

10.32 

10.35 

10.  SO 

10.33 

1«.  33 

10.29 

10.17 

(t) 

10.42 

10.44 

10.45 

10.39 

10.33 

(t) 

10.28 

10.23 

10.27 

10.24 

10.36 

10.34 

10.35 

10.36 

10.45 

10.57 

10.46 

10.45 

10.36 

10.39 

10.34 

10.37 

1U.55 

10.29 

10.21 

(t) 

10  54 

2 

10  55 

3 

4 

10.57 
10.50 

6 

10.  45 

7 

(t) 
10  39 

8    

9 

9.78 
9.83 
9.76 
9.90 
9.87 
9.92 
9.92 
10.03 
10.16 
10.10 

9.82 
9.80 
9.78 
9.92 
9.87 
9.86 
9.91 
10.01 
10.18 
1 0.  05 

9.96 
9.95 
9.93 
10.07 
10.02 
10.02 
10.02 
10.12 
10.30 
10.17 
10.10 
10.03 
10.07 
10.05 
10.09 
10.03 
9.97 
9.92 
(t) 

10.08 
10.06 
10.  05 
10.19 
10.14 
10.15 
10.16 
10.25 
10.42 
10.28 
10.21 
10.14 
10.19 
10.17 
10.  21 
10.16 
10.09 
10.05 
(t) 

10. 34 

10 

10.38 

11 

10.35 

13 

10.47 

14 

10.  45 

15 

10.46 

16 

10.47 

17 

10.  55 

18 

10.68 

20  .' 

10.56 

21 

10.00             9.98 
9. 89             9.  90 

10.55 

22 

10.46 

23 

9.90 
9.90 
9.98 
9.90 
9.80 

9.93 
9.89 
9.94 
9.89 
9.82 
9.77 
(t) 

10.49 

24 

10.44 

25 

10.48 

27 

10.45 

28 

10.39 

29 

10.31 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

9.83 
9.81 
9.79 
9.83 
9.84 
9.98 
9.87 
9.97 
9.99 
9.91 
9.98 
9.95 
9.  97 
9.95 
9.91 
9.92 
9.84 
9.84 
9.85 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
9.76 

(*) 

9.98 

9.95 

9.94 

9.98 

9.99 

10.11 

10.00 

10.12 

10.10 

10.04 

10.11 

10.08 

10.07 

10.  02 

9.98 

9.98 

9.91 

9.91 

9.S9 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

9.  77 

9.77 

9.79 

(t) 

10.12 

10.08 
10.06 
10.11 
10.12 
10.25 
10.15 
10.27 
10.25 
10.18 
10.25 
10.21 
10.21 
10.16 
10. 12 
10.  13 
10.  015 
10.06 
10.03 
(1) 
(t) 
(t) 
9.91 
9.90 
9.92 
(t) 

10.23 

10.20 

10.19 

10.23 

10.25 

10.38 

10. 27 

10.40 

10.38 

10.31 

10.39 

10.35 

10.34 

10.29 

10.25 

10.26 

10.19 

10.20 

10.17 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.07 

10.05 

10.08 

(t) 

10.26 

10.23 

10.23 

10.25 

10.27 

10.36 

10.30 

10.40 

10.41 

10.31 

10.38 

10.32 

10.  32 

10.27 

10.23 

10.27 

10.21 

10.21 

10.21 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.09 

10.07 

10.29 

10.27 
10.25 
10.28 
10.30 
10.39 
10.33 

10.40 
10.37 
10.35 
10.38 
10.40 
10.50 
10.44 

10.50 

2 

10.49 

4 

10.47 

5 

10.49 

6 

10.52 

7 

10.61 

8 

10.56 

9 

10. 44  10.  55 

10.45  1        10.56 
10.35  .        10.45 

10.67 

11 

10.68 

12 

10.57 

13 

10.43 

10.37 

10.36 

10.31 

10.26 

10.30 

10.25 

10.25 

10.23 

(t) 

(tj 

(t) 

10.12 

10.11 

10.18 

(t) 

10.55 
10.49 

10.67 

14 

10.61 

15 

10. 48  i          10.  60 

16 

10. 42           10.  :5 

18 

10.38 

10.42 

10.36 

10.35 

10.33 

<t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.23 

10.21 

10.26 

(t) 

10. 50 

19 

10.54 

20 

10.49 

21 

10.48 

22 

10.46 

23 

(t) 

25 

(t) 

26 

(t) 

27 

10.36 

28 

10.34 

29 

10.39 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  431 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "future*"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


Xew  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

M;ir-. 

<lrli\  IT\  . 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

1883. 

1 

(t) 
9.69 
9.  77 
9.73 
9.  76 
9.81 

(t) 
9.82 
9.  77 
9.  74 
9.79 
9.  TO 
9. 7:; 
9.76 
9.73 
9.70 
9.65 
9.68 
9.  80 
9.  77 
9.81 
9.  83 
9.86 
!).  92 
9.9] 
9.  95 

(t) 
9.82 
9.  B9 

9.  84 
9.  89 
(t) 
9.88 
9.83 
9.82 
9.84 
9.  83 
9.  78 
9.82 
9.78 
9.  72 

9.  67 
9.  66 

9.77 
9.74 
9.  7.S 
9.  ::< 
9.77 
9.79 
9.78 
9.76 
9.77 

(t) 

9.98 
in.  05 
9.99 
10.00 
10.05 
(t) 

10.03 
9.99 
9.98 
10.02 
10.00 
9.96 
9.  99 
9.  97 
9.  92 
9.87 

9.98 
9.94 
9.  98 
9.93 
9.  90 
9.97 
9.93 
9.92 
9.94 

(t) 

10.05 

10.19 

10.  13 

10.15 

10.19 
(t) 
10. 19 

10.15 
1".  04 
10.  17 
ID.  16 
lo.  12 
10.16 
10.  L3 
10.08 
10.06 
10.06 
10.17 
10. 13 
10.17 
10.11 
10.14 
10.16 
10.09 
10.07 
10.08 

(tt 

lo.  or. 

10.10 

10.02 

9.  07 

10.01 

10.  MS 

10.03 
10.00 
10.06 
10.05 
10.01 
10.01 
10.  05 
10.00 
9.98 
10.02 
10.08 
10.05 
10.12 
10. 10 
10.16 
10.15 
10.11 

(t) 

10.13 
10. 19 

10.  11 
10.09 
10.  14 
10.07 
10.16 
10,10 
10  07 
10.11 
10.10 
10.06 
10.06 
10.10 
10.05 
10.00 
10.03 
10.  10 

10.  08 

10.15 
10.11 
10.  IS 
10.17 
10.12 
10.11 
10.12 

(t) 

10.25 

10.31 

10.24 

10.  23 

10.27 

10.21 

10.29 

10.25 

10.21 
L0.25 

10.  23 
10.19 
10.19 
10.  23 
10.18 
10. 13' 
10.16 
10.24 
10.  22 
10.28 
10.  24 
10.30 
10.30 
10.25 
10.24 
10.  23 

(t) 
10. 37 

3 

10.14 

4 

10.  38 

5 

10.38 

6 

10.42 

8 

10.35 

9 

10.44 

10 

10.40 

11 

10.35 

12 

10.39 

13 

10.37 

15 

10.33 

16 

10.33 

17 

10.36 

18 

10.31 

19 

10.26 

20 

10.  30 

22 

10.38 

23 

10.36 

21 

10. 42 

25 

10.38 

26 

10.44 

27 

10.44 

29 

10.  39 

30 

10.38 

31... 

10.37 

1 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delh  cry. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 

9.76 
9.74 
9.  72 

9.70 
(t) 
9.73 
9.96 
9.  90 

9.  85 
9.84 
9.79 
9.77 
9.78 
9.70 
9.73 
9.68 
9.  75 
9.  7U 

(t) 
i).  68 
9.  71) 
9.55 

(*) 

9.92 
9.  93 

9.  94 
it.  94 
(t) 
9.96 
10.(19 
10.03 
10.01 
9.  99 
9.  95 
9.93 
9.95 
9.89 
9.  87 
9.83 
9.90 
9.  81 
(t) 
9.82 
9.79 
11.72 
9.70 
9.70 

10.06 
10.  07 
10.09 
10.  09 
(t) 

10.11 

10.23 

10.17 

10. 15 

10.14 

10.10 

10.10 

10.12 

10.05 

10.04 

9.98 

10.  04 

9.95 

(t) 

9.  98 

9.95 

9.86 

9.84 

9.85 

10.23 

10. 23 

10.26 

10.20 

(t) 

10.28 

10.40 

10.33 

10.31 

10.  30 

10. 27 

10.26 

10.29 

10.23 

10. 21 

10.  16 

10.22 

10.14 

(t) 

10.16 

10.13 

10.05 

10.03 

10.04 

10.11 

10.  14 

10.21 

10.16 

10.17 

10.20 

10.  35 

10.27 

10.24 

10.25 

10.20 

10.22 

10.27 

10.21 

10.15 

10.10 

10.14 

10.11 

(t) 

10.18 

10.18 

10.15 

10.16 

10.21 

10. 24 

10.29 

10.23 

10.25 

10.28 

10.45 

10.39 

10.35 

10.36 

10.30 

10.30 

10.34 

10.  30 

10.  21 

10.20 

10.  23 

10.19 

(t) 

10.20 

10.  20 

10.17 

10.17 

10.19 

10.35 
10.37 

10.43 

10.  37 

10.39 

10.42 

10.59 

10.  52 

10.48 

10.49 

10.43 

10.44 

10.47 

10,44 

10.37 

10.  33 

10.  37 

10.  32 

(t) 

10.  33 

10.33 

lo.  28 

10.  26 

10.  29 

10.49 

2 

10.51 

;j 

10.57 

5 

10. 51 

0 

10.  52 

7 

8 

10.55 
10.72 

9 

10.66 

10 

10.62 

12 

10.63 

13 

10.  57 

14 

10.58 

15 

10.61 

10 

10.58 

17 

10.51 

19 

10.47 

20 

10.  51 

21 

10.45 

22 

(t) 

23 

10.47 

24 

10.47 

26 

10.41 

27 

10.40 

28 

10.42 

♦Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


432 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "  futures"  in  Nerv  Orleans  and  Netv  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  Yoik. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May          June 
delivery.!  delivery. 

1883. 

9.76 
9.71 
9.73 
9.79 
9.73 
9.73 
9.76 
9.76 
9.77 
9.80 
9.84 
9.89 
9.88 
9.83 
9.83 
9.80 
9.78 
9.69 
9.68 

(t) 

(t) 
9.59 
9.56 
9.59 
9.59 

(*) 

9.90 

9.80 
9.80 
9.85 
9.80 
9.79 
9.82 
9.82 
9.83 
9.85 
9.84 
9.88 
9.85 
9.83 
9.83 
9.78 
9.75 
9.66 
9.63 

(t) 

(t) 
9.48 
9.52 
9.  57 
9.58 
9.58 
9.54 

10.09 

9.99 

9.99 

10.03 

9.97 

9.97 

10.  00 

10.00 

10.01 

10.  03 

10.03 

10.06 

10.04 

10.01 

10.01 

9.96 

9.93 

9.85 

9.81 

(t) 

(t) 

9.66 

9.67 

9.69 

10.26 
10.16 
10.16 
10.20 
10. 14 
10.14 
10.17 
10.17 
10.19 
10.21 
10.20 
10.23 
10.22 
10.19 
10.19 
10.15 
10.11 
10.03 
10.00 
(t) 
(t) 
9.85 
9.85 
a  S7 

10.26 
10.18 
10.17 
10.21 
10.16 
10.14 
10. 15 
10.15 
10.15 
10.13 
10.15 
10.18 
10. 15 
10.14 
10  13 

10.35 
10.26 
10.27 
10.33 

10. 28 
10.26 
10.29 

10. 29 
10. 29 
10.27 
10.28 
10.  29 
10.27 
10.  26 
in  9.1 

10.48 

10.  38 

10.39 

10.44 

10.39 

10.38 

10.42 

10.42 

10.  42 

10.41 

10.42 

10.  42 

10.41 

10.  39 

10.39 

10.  36 

10.33 

10.30 

10.28 

(t) 

(t) 

10.16 

10.19 

10.18 

10.  20 

10.15 

10.23 

10.62 

2 

10  51 

3 

10.52 

5 

10.57 

6 

10.52 

7 

10.  51 

8 

10.54 

9 

10.55 

10 

10.57 

12 

10.55 

13 

10.56 

14 

10.  56 

15 

10.55 

16 

10.53 

17 

10. 52 

19 

10.13            10  92 

10  49 

20    

10.09 

10.04 

10.07 

(t) 

(t) 

10.00 
9.96 
9.97 

10.00 
9.96 
9.95 

10.18 

10.16 

10.13 

(t) 

(t) 

10.  01 

10.04 

10.04 

10.  05 

10.00 

10.10 

10  46 

21 

10.44 

22  . : 

10.42 

23 

(t) 
(t) 
10.29 

24 

20 

27  .' 

10.32 

28 

10.31 

29 

9.71  1          9.89 

10.04 

30 

9.68 
9.63 

9.86 
9.79 

10.28 

31 

10.34 

Apr. 
delivery. 

M:iy 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Apr.      2 

9.58 
9.48 
9.46 
9.43 
9.41 
9.48 
9.50 

(*) 
9.55 
9.58 
it.  62 
9.80 
9.70 

(*) 

(*) 
9.70 

(*) 
9.  65 
9.65 
9.  65 
9.  77 
9.83 
9.85 

10.00 

9.68 
9.57 
9.55 
9.60 
9.58 
9.60 
9.58 
9.60 
9.64 
9.72 
9.73 
9.96 
9.80 
9.75 
9.76 
9.87 
9.75 
9.76 
9.77 
9.74 
9.75 
9.84 
9.94 
10.02 
10.03 

9.84 
9.71 
9.66 
9.74 
9.71 
9.73 
9.73 
9.  76 
9.81 
9.88 
9.90 
10.11 
9.95 
9.9] 
9.92 
10.  05 
9.92 
9.96 
9.  95 
9.90 
9.94 
10.01 
10.  12 
10.  21 
10.23 

9.99 

9.87 
9  83 
9.89 
9.87 
9.89 
9.89 
9.90 
9.95 
10.03 
10.04 
10.27 
10. 12 
10.11 
10.11 
10.26 
10.14 
10.17 
10.16 
10.12 
10.15 
10. 22 
10.  32 
10.41 
10.  45 

9.92 
9.83 
9.97 
9.88 
9.87 
9.91 
10.  02 
9.96 
10.01 
10.07 
10. 13 
10.20 
10.  13 
10.12 
10.10 
10.20 
10.  14 
10.16 
10.19 
10. 15 
10.17 
10.  22 
10.35 
10.45 

10.08 
10.02 
9.96 
10.06 
10.03 
10.06 
10. 13 
10.07 
10.11 
10.16 
10.20 
10.  28 
10.21 
10.17 
10.10 
10.25 
10.19 
10.19 
10.22 
10.00 
10.  21 
10.24 
10.36 
10.45 
10.45 

10.22 
10. 16 
10. 11 
10.20 
10.17 
10. 20 
10.27 
10.22 
10.26 
10.  31 
10.36 
10.44 
10.  37 
10. 33 
10.32 
10.41 
1(1.35 
10.35 
10.37 
10.35 
10.36 
10.40 
10.  52 
10.60 
10.60 

10.30 

3 

10. 27 

4 

10.  22 

5 

10.31 

6 

7 

10.  2& 
10.31 

9 

10.38 

10 

10.  33 

11 

10.38 

12 

10.  43 

13 

10.48 

14 

10.57 

16  ... 

10.  50 

17 

10.  46 

18 

10.45 

19 

10.  55 

20 

10.48 

21 

10.48 

23 

10.  50 

24 

10.48 

25 

10.  50 

26 

10.  50 

27 

10.  65 

28 

10.  72 

30 

10.71 

Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES."  433 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  " futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Neiv  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

.Tone 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

1883. 

10.  24 

10.15 

10.25 

10.37 

10.4fi 

L0.26 

10.  10 

10.30 

(*) 

10.35 

10.46 

10.44 

10.41 

10.33 

10.42 

10.40 

io.:iO 

10.31 
10.29 
10.20 

HI.  10 

10.20 
10.17 
10.15 
10.10 

10.45 
10.  32 
10.45 
10.62 
10.60 
10.41 
10.52 
10.46 
10.41 
10.51 
10.61 
10.64 
10.56 
10.48 
10.58 
10.49 
10.42 
10.39 
10.39 
10.34 
10.21 
10.28 
10.22 
10.19 
10.16 
10.16 
10.17 

10.67 
10.54 
10.69 
10.90 
10.80 
10.60 
10.74 
10.68 
10.64 
10.74 
10.84 
10.87 
10.80 
10.71 
10.80 
10.69 
10.63 
10.60 
10.62 
10.56 
10.44 
10.48 
10.45 
10.38 
10.33 
10.  33 
10.32 

10.  76 
10.62 
10.75 
10.89 
10.80 
10.60 
10.74 
10.69 
io.  64 
10.75 
10.84 
10.87 
10.80 
10.74 
10.84 
10.74 
10.68 
10.67 
10.69 
10.63 
10.  55 
10.58 
10.  55 
10.49 
10.  44 
10.44 
10.43 

10.58 
10.53 

10.  64 
10.82 

10.  96 

10.  X4 
11.02 
10.  94 
10.90 
10.98 

11.10 

li.  i:; 
11.09 
It).  96 
11.07 
10.96 
10.93 
10.98 
11.01 
10.95 
10.85 
10.80 
10.77 
10.  76 
10.73 
(t) 

10.73 
10.73 
10.80 
10.93 
11.03 
10.88 
11.05 
10. 99 
10.92 
10.99 
11.10 
11.12 
11.09 
10.96 
11.08 
10.95 
10.92 
10.94 
10.97 
10. 92 
10.84 
10.81 
10.78 
.      10. 76 
10.75 
(t) 
10.71 

10.84 

10.79 

10.89 

11.00 

11.05 

10.90 

11.01 

10.94 

10.90 

10.97 

11.06 

11.11 

11.  00 

10.  95 

11.00 

10.90 

10.85 

10.89 

10.02 

10.87 

10.79 

10.78 

10.75 

10.71 

10.71 

(t) 

10.66 

10.94 

2 

:t 

10.88 
10. 98 

i  

11.07 

11.09 

- 

10.96 

11.06 

0     

11.00 

10 

10.96 

11 

11.03 

12 

11.11 

1  1 

11.16 

ir> 

11.13 

16    

11.01 

17 

11.07 

18 

10  96 

19         

10  91 

21 

10.  93 

22 

10.  95 

23 

10.91 

"1 

10.83 

25 

10.81 

26 

10.78 

28 

10.75 

2g 

10.74 

36 

(t) 
10.69 

31 

June 

delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept 
delivery. 

10.23 
10.23 
10.17 

10.00 

10.  05 

10.05 

10.04 

10.04 

10.  13 

10.06 

9.97 

9.94 

9.  90 

9.88 

9.90 

9.90 

9.88 

9.88 

9.78 

9.86 

9.91 

9.86 

9.  85 

9.  88 

10.00 

10.40 
10.37 
10.29 
10.  19 
10.  16 
10.15 
10.14 
10. 13 
10.21 
10.14 
10.13 
10.06 
10.  01 

io.  oi 

10.02 
10.06 
10.05 
10.01 
9.95 
10.01 

10.52 
10.48 
10.41 
10.33 
10.29 
10.27 
10.24 
10.23 
•     10. 30 
10.25 
10.  25 

10.  I'll 

io.  L5 
10.13 
10.14 
10.17 
10.15 
10.11 
10.07 
10.  15 

10.13 
10.11 
10.05 
9.99 
9.96 
9.96 
9.93 
9.92 
10.00 
9.  04 
9.  96 
9.90 
9.86 
9.85 
9.86 
9.89 
9.87 
9.83 
9.81 
9.87 
9.87 
9.82 
9.83 
9.81 
9.  83 
9.82 

10.75 
10.74 
10.69 
10.63 
10.61 
10.  59 
10.57 
10.58 
10.64 
10.61 
10.  60 
10.57 
10.  55 
10.52 
10.53 
10. 56 
10. 53 
10.45 
10.4.'! 
10.47 
10.45 
10.36 
10.35 
10.32 
10.26 

10.76 
10.73 
10.68 
10.62 
10.61 
10.60 
10.  57 
10.57 
10.61 
10.59 
10.60 
10. 55 
10.52 
10.49 
io.  50 
10.  53 
10.52 
10.46 
10.44 
10.48 
10.47 
10.  38 
10.36 
10.  33 
10.33 
10.31 

10.76 

10.75 
10.71 
10.65 
10.64 
10.63 
10.61 
10.02 
10.66 
10.64 
10.64 
10.60 
10.58 
10.55 
10.57 
10.  60 
10.59 
10.53 
10.51 
10.56 
10.55 
10.47 
10.46 
10.43 
10.44 
10.41 

10.48 

2 

10  48 

4 

10.45 

5 

10.40 

6 

10.40 

10.  37 

8 

10.  33 

9  ... 

10.32 

11 

10.  35 

12 

10.35 

13 

10.36 

14 

10.34 

15          

10.  32 

L6 

10.28 

18 

10.31 

19 

10.34 

20 

10.82 

21 

10.26 

22 

10.25 

2:; 

10.29 

25 

10.01          ion 

10.30 

20 

9.95 
9.95 
9.97 
10.04 
10.06 

10.06 
10.06 
10.04 
10. 05 
10.06 

10.24 

27 

10.  23 

28 

10  21 

29 

10. 23 

30 

10.22 



'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


COT — VOL  2- 


-28 


434  DAILY    PRIJES    OF    COTTON  " FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  18S0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1883. 

10.  Oi 

(t) 

(I) 

(t) 
9.81 
9.81 
9.85 
9.73 
9.68 
9.86 
9.74 
9.71 
9.61 
9.50 
9.60 
9.53 
9.55 
9.56 
9.55 
9.60 
9.55 
9.55 
9.60 
9.65 

(*) 

10.01 

(') 

(t) 

(t) 
9.79 
9.80 
9.83 
9.71 
9.63 
9.77 
9.65 
9.57 
9.49 
9.46 
9.52 
9.50 
9.50 
9.54 
9.51 
9.56 
9.45 
9.41 
9.44 
9.55 
9.61 
9.61 

9.79 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
9.63 
9.64 
9.68 
9.59 
9.54 
9.66 
9.56 
9.52 
9.49 
9.45 
9.51 
9.47 
9.50 
9.54 
9.51 
9.56 
9.52 
9.50 
9.52 
9.51 
9.51 
9.56 

9.62 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
9.51 
9.53 
9.58 
9.49 
9.46 
9.57 
9.46 
9.43 
9.40 
9.35 
9.38 
9.39 
9.41 
9.44 
9.43 
9.48 
9.45  ' 
9.45 
9.51 
9.54 
9.54 
9.57 

10.25 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 

10.05 

10.08 

10.15 

10.10 

10.02 

10.12 

10.01 

9.98 

9.93 

9.92 

9.93 

9.93 

9.95 

10.03 

10.04 

10.06 

10.02 

10.06 

10.05 

10.05 

9.98 

10.35 

(t) 

(t) 

<*) 

10.16 

10.16 

10.24 

10.19 

If).  12 

10.22 

10.10 

10.05 

9.99 

9.96 

9.98 

9.97 

10.00 

10.06 

10.05 

10.07 

10.04 

10.05 

10.06 

10.05 

9.99 

10.00 

10.18 
(t) 
(f) 
(t) 

10.00 

10.00 

10.10 

10.03 

9.97 

10.08 

9.98 

9.98 

9.91 

9.88 

9.92 

9.90 

9.93 

10.01 

10.03 

10.07 

10.03 

10.08 

10.  08 

10.07 

9.99 

10.01 

9.93 

3 

(t) 

4 

(1) 

5 

(t) 

6 

9.80 

7 

9.82 

9 

9.90 

10 

9.85 

11 

9.78 

12 

9.87 

13 

9.80 

14 

9.81 

16 

9.75 

17 

9.72 

18 

9.74 

19 

9.72 

20 

9.78 

21 

9.86 

23 

9.88 

24 

9.92 

25 

9.88 

26 

9.93 

27 

9.95 

28 

9.95 

30 

31 

9.86 
9.88 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

9.84 
9.80 
9.78 
9.76 
9.62 
9.60 

(*) 
9.70 

(*) 
9.75 

<*) 
9.63 
9.62 
9.60 
9.57 
9.58 

(*) 
9.50 

(*) 

(*) 
9.49 

(*) 
9.  56 
9.63 

(*) 

9.76 
9.76 
9.72 
9.75 
9.75 
9.61 
9.60 
9.65 
9.57 
9.71 
9.69 
9.67 
9.63 
9.62 
9.59 
9.57 
9.66 
9.60 
9.64 
9.57 
9.55 
9.58 
9.66 
9.62 
9.58 
9.50 
9.54 

9.75 
9.76 
9.73 
9.80 
9.82 
9.69 
9.70 
9.76 
9.69 
9.80 
9.78 
9.77 
9.74 
9.67 
9.62 
9.61 
9.64 
9.60 
9.65 
9.58 
9.56 
9.64 
9.69 
9.67 
9.05 
9.67 
9.74 

9.75 
9.76 
9.74 
9.81 
9.84 
9.71 
9.71 
9.79 
9.72 
9.85 
9.83 
9.83 
9.80 
9.74 
9.69 
9.68 
9.72 
9.67 
9.71 
9.66 
9.64 
9.7] 
9.77 
9.73 
9.72 
9.77 
9.85 

10.16 
10.22 
10.  23 
10.34 
10.28 
10.14 
10.17 
10.26 
10.15 
10.23 
10.21 
10.16 
10.22 
10.15 
10.12 
10. 12 
10.06 
10.05 
10.04 
9.99 
10.03 
10.13 
10.10 
10.08 
10.05 
10.05 

10.16 
10.23 
10.20 
10.28 
10.27 
10.14 
10.16 
10.  23 
10.15 
10.25 
10.24 
10.21 
10.25 
10.16 
10.15 
10.16 
10.11 
10.07 
10.  08 
10.02 
10.00 
10.06 
10.10 
10.08 
10.06 
10.10 
10.09 

10.03 
10.08 
10.05 
10.14 
10.15 
10.01 
10.02 
10.12 
10.06 
10. 14 
10.14 
10.12 
10.16 
10.08 
10.06 
10.  09 
10.06 
10.03 
10.06 
10.02 
10.00 
10.  07 
10.14 
10.12 
10.10 
10.12 
10.13 

9.97 

2 

10.01 

3 

9.98 

4 

10.07 

6 

10.09 

7 

9.96 

8 

9.96 

9 

10.09 

10 

10.04 

11 

10.13 

13 

10.11 

14 

10.11 

15 

10.14 

16 

10.07 

17 

10.05 

18 

10.08 

20 

10.06 

21 

10.04 

22 

10.07 

23 

10.03 

21 

10.08 

25 

10.10 

27 

10.  17 

28 

10.16 

29 

10.14 

30 

10.16 

31 

10.16 

*Kouiinal. 


t  Holiday, 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  435 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

1883. 
Sepl      i 

9.53 
9.60 
9.65 
9.64 
9.60 
9.71 
9.70 
9.77 
9.  79 
9.90 
9.95 
10.10 
10.16 
10.  25 
10.20 
(*) 

(*) 

10.20 

(*) 

10.10 

10.10 

10.10 

io.  io 

10.10 

(*) 

9.73 
9.79 
9.85 
9.78 
9.73 
9.81 
9.  82 
9.87 
9.83 
9.1)7 
10.10 
1C.25 
10.  23 
10.37 
10.24 
10.18 
10. 15 
10.23 
10.13 
10.  04 
10.  93 
10.99 
10.10 
10.07 
10.10 

9.85 

9.90 

9.97 

9.88 

9.86 

9.97 

9.97 

9.98 

9.95 

10.09 

10.14 

10.30 

10.34 

10.46 

10.32 

10.28 

10.22 

10.  33 

10.23 

10.15 

10.08 

10.07 

10.16 

10.09 

10.12 

9.96 
10.01 
10.07 
9.99 
9.90 
10.10 
10.12 
10.13 
10.10 
10.25 
10.  28 
10.45 
10.44 
10.57 
10.44 
19.39 
10.36 
10.46 
10.36 
10.29 
10.  24 
10.19 
10.28 
10.22 
10.28 

10.10 
10.09 
10.13 
10.06 
10.06 
10.10 
10.13 
10.13 
10.12 
10.23 
10.21 
10.40 
10.36 
10.40 
10.40 
10.40 
10.  42 
10.49 
10.44 
10.40 
10.38 
10.  38 
10. 42 
10.35 

10.14 
10. 15 
10.19 
10.13 
10.13 
10.19 
10.22 
10.23 
10.19 
10.31 
10.31 
10.51 
10.48 
10.49 
10.44 
10.40 
10.43 
10.51 
10.44 
10.40 
10.33 
10.35 
10.  40 
10.35 
10.39 

10.17 
10.19 
10.25 
10.21 
10.20 
10.28 
10.32 
10.31 
10.26 
10.39 
10.41 
10.63 
10.59 
10.59 
10.55 
10.  52 
10.54 
10.62 
10.55 
10.49 
10.  40 
10.42 
10.48 
10.42 
10.49 

10.26 

:t 

10.29 

4 

10.36 

5 

10.32 

t; 

10.31 

7 

10.39 

8 

io  4:1 

10 

10.42 

11    

10.37 

12 

10.50 

13 

10.51 

14 

10.73 

15 

10.69 

17 

10.69 

18 

10.66 

19 

10.62 

20 

10.  65 

21 

10.73 

22 

10.66 

24 

10.60 

25 

10.49 

26 

10.54 

27 

10.59 

28 

10.53 

29 

10.59 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.        1 

10.17 

10.21 
10.23 
10.22 
10.23 
10.32 
10.39 
10.48 
10.44 
10.51 
10.42 
10.35 
10.28 
10.20 
10.21 
10.20 
10.28 
10.18 
10.19 
10.21 
10.  30 
10.25 
10.  27 
10.  2!l 
10.24 
10.26 
10.19 
10.17 

10.36 

10.  37 
10.  35 
10.38 
10.44 
10.48 
10.57 
10.55 
10.59 
10.48 
10.40 
10.35 
10.28 
10.27 
10. 27 
10.26 
10.25 
10.26 
10.25 
10.34 
10.31 
10.31 
10.33 
10.28 
10.30 
10.  26 
10.25 

10.50 
10.50 
10.48 
10.51 
10.57 
10.61 
10.69 
10.67 
10.71 
10.61 
10.53 
1C.48 
10.41 
10.40 
10.39 
10.50 
10.39 
10.40 
10.40 
10.48 
10.45 
10.46 
10.46 
10.43 
10.45 
10.41 
10.38 

10.45 

10.42 
10.42 
10.44 
10.50 
10.57 
10.73 
10.70 
10.74 
10.  63 
10.57 
10.42 
10.49 
10.45 
10.48 
10.60 
10.47 
10.46 
10.46 
10.56 
10.53 
10.57 
10.56 
10.53 
10.52 
10.50 

10.57 
10.54 
10.53 
10.54 
10.60 
10.66 

10.69 

10.67 
10.66 
10.67 
10.72 
10.78 

10  81 

2 

10. 18 

10.80 

3 

4 

5 

10.19 

10.19 

10.30 

10.41 

10.51 

10.53 

10.61 

10.46 

10.40 

10.30 

(*) 

10.21 

10.24 

10.33 

10.28 

10.28 

10.  :S2 

10.40 

10.39 

10.42 

10.42 

10.42 

10.79 
10.81 
10.87 

6 

10.93 

8 

10  77           m  80 

11.03 

9 

10.74 
10.80 
10.70 
10.63 
10.54 
10.52 
10.48 
10.49 
10.61 
10.48 
10.46 
10.47 
10.57 
10.55 
10.58 
10.56 
10.53 
10.52 
10.51 
10.45 

10.84 
10.90 
10.81 
10.73 
10.65 
10.63 
10.58 
10.59 
10.71 
10.58 
10.55 
10.57 
10.67 
10.65 
10.67 
10.66 
10.64 
10.64 
10.62 
10.57 

10.98 

10 

11.03 

11 

10.94 

12 

13 

10.88 
10.79 

15 

10.78 

16 

10.  72 

17 

10.73 

18 

10.86 

19 

10. 73 

"0 

10.69 

22 

10.  72 

23 

10.81 

24 

10.78 

25 

10.81 

2d 

10.79 

27 

10.78 

29 

<.*) 

10.78 

30 

n 

10. 75 

31 

10.70 

*  Nominal. 


436  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1883. 
Nov.      1 

10.22 

10.18 

10.13 

10.10 

10.09 

10.09 

10.14 

10.12 

10.09 

10.07 

10.07 

10.11 

10.19 

10. 13 

10. 16 

10.24 

10.23 

10. 12 

10.15 

10.20 

10.17 

Id.  20 

(*) 

(*) 

(t) 

10.28 

10.  25 

10.18 

10.14 

10.12 

10.13 

10.16 

10.15 

10.15 

10.12 

10. 12 

10.18 

10.24 

10.  18 

10.20 

10.  27 

10.27 

10.21 

10.22 

10.27 

10.24 

10.25 

10.29 

10.  28 

(t) 

10.22 

10.41 

10.39 

10.32 

10.28 

10.26 

10. 27 

10.40 

10.30 

10.30 

10.27 

10.27 

10.34 

10. 41 

10.34 

10.36 

10.43 

10.44 

10.37 

10.38 

10.42 

10.40 

10.  42 

10.46 

10.42 

(t) 

10.36 

10.56 

10. 53 

10.  46 

10.43 

10.41 

10.42 

10.45 

10.45 

10. 45 

10.42 

10.42 

10.49 

10.56 

10.  50 

10.  52 

1(1. 58 

10.50 

10.53 

10.  54 

10.  59 

10.  57 

10.  59 

10.  62 

10.59 

(t) 

10.54 

10.50 

10.48 

10.41 

10.36 

(t) 

10.32 

10.32 

10.36 

10.35 

10.35 

10.  38 

10.40 

10.48 

10.44 

10.45 

10.48 

10.53 

10.47 

10.48 

10.63 

10.58 

(t) 

10.66 

10.66 

(t) 

10.62 
10.  02 

10.76 
10.78 

10.91 

«> 

10.90 

3 

10.56           10  70 

10  84 

5 

10.  52 

(t) 

10.48 

10.49 

10.  50 

10.49 

10.46 

10.48 

10.51 

10.58 

10.54 

10. 53 

10.56 

10.59 

10. 55 

10.58 

10.64 

10.60 

(t) 

10.  67 

10.  67 

(t) 

10.63 

10.67 
(t) 

10.63 

10.65 

10.67 

10.65 

10.61 

10.62 

10.  66 

10.72 

10.  69 

10.68 

10.70 

10.74 

10.  69 

10.71 

10.  73 

10.70 

(t) 

10.76 

10.76 

(t) 

10.68 

10.81 

6 

(t) 

10.78 
10. 80 

8 

9 

10.82 

10 

10.80 

12 

10.76 

13 

10.77 

14 

10.81 

15 

10.87 

16 

10.84 

17 

10. 82 

19 

10.85 

20 

10  88 

21 

10.84 

o<> 

10.86 

24 

10.88 
10.85 

26 

(t) 
10.91 

27 

28 

10  91 

29 

(♦) 

10.84 

30 

Deo. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
ri  el  i  very. 

Dec.       1 

10.18 

10.15 

10.13 

10.19 

10.15 

10.13 

10. 13 

10.11 

10.09 

10.  00 

10.00 

9.90 

9.82 

9.87 

9.77 

9.78 

9.86 

9.88 

9.95 

(t) 

10.34 
10.30 
10.  27 
10.30 
10.28 
10.24 
10.25 
10.27 
10.24 
10.12 
10.13 
10.04 
9.90 
10.06 
9.95 
9.90 
9.99 
10.04 
10.07 
m 

10.51 

10.46 

10.  43 

10.46 

10.44 

10.41 

10.  42 

10.44 

10.41 

10.  29 

10.29 

10.21 

10.17 

10.24 

10.13 

10.  (18 

10.17 

10.23 

10.27 

(t) 

(t) 

10.18 

10.  21 

10.  30 

10.34 

(t) 

10.67 

10.  63 

10.59 

10.62 

10.60 

10.  57 

10.58 

10.  62 

10.58 

10.46 

10.47 

10.38 

10.34 

10.  41 

10.  30 

10.25 

10.35 

10.42 

10.46 

(t) 

(t) 

10.38 

10.41 

10.50 

10.54 

(t) 

10.61 

10.58 

10.50 

10.52 

10.  55 

10.51 

10.51 

10.49 

10.49 

10.42 

10.41 

10.32 

10.33 

10.40 

10.29 

10.  22 

10.  29 

10.32 

10.40 

(t) 

(t) 

10.33 

10.  35 

10.43 

10.68 

10.65 

10.57 

10.59 

10.61 

10.56 

10.55 

10.56 

10.56 

10.46 

10.47 

10.38 

10.38 

10. 46 

10.  36 

10.29 

10.36 

10.41 

10.46 

(t) 

(t) 

10.37 

10.36 

10.44 

10.46 

if) 

10.83 

10.80 

10.  73 

10.74 

10.76 

10.71 

10.70 

10.70 

10.70 

10.60 

10.62 

10.  52 

10.  53 

10.  62 

10.  51 

10.47 

10.54 

10.59 

10.65 

(t) 

(t) 

10.56 

10.59 

10.65 

10.68 

(t) 

10.99 

3 

10.95 

4 

10.88 

10.89 

6 

10.91 

7 

10.86 

8 

10.  86 

10 

11 

10.85 
10.85 

12 

10.75 

13    

10.76 

14 

10.67 

15 

10.68 

17 

10.77 

18 

19 

10.66 
10.61 

20 

10.68 

21 

10.74 

•>■> 

10.80 

24 

(t) 
(t) 

25 

(t)        '        <*i 

26 

9.90 

9.95 

10.05 

9.94 

9.97 

10.09 

10.11 

(t) 

10.71 

27 

10.74 

28 

10.  HO 

29 

10.83 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

'Nominal. 


tHolida.y. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES 


437 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery' 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

1884. 

(t) 

10.  31 
10.30 
10.32 
10.  26 

(t) 

10.47 

10.46 

10.47 

10.4:; 

10.42 

(t) 

10.46 

10.45 

10.45 

10.48 

10.43 

10.39 

10.37 

10.  39 

10.  :f7 

W.32 

10.26 

10.30 

10.24 

10.  35 

10.33 

10.39 

10.  38 

10.34 

10.40 

10.41 

(t) 

10.67 

10.65 

10.67 

10.63 

10.62 

(t) 

10.66 

in.  65 

10.65 

10.67 

10.63 

10.  57 

10.54 

10.58 

10.57 

10.53 

10.44 

10.49 

10.44 

10.55 

10.  53 

10.  59 

10.  58 

10.51 

10.55 

10.54 

(t) 

10.86 

10.85 

10.86 

10.82 

10.81 

(t) 

10.85 

10.83 

10.83 

10.86 

10.81 

10.76 

10.72 

10.77 

10.76 

10.22 

10.63 

10.68 

10.  63 

10.75 

10.73 

10.79 

10.77 

10.71 

10.74 

10.73 

(t) 

10.55 

10.63 

10.69 

10.04 

10.  64 

10.70 

10.70 

10.67 

10.67 

10.68 

10.70 

10.61 

10.62 

10.65 

10.  63 

10.58 

10.  56 

10.59 

10.55 

10.  t;i 

10.66 
10.71 
10.73 
10.69 
10.71 

(t) 

10.77 

10.80 

10.85 

10.79 

10.74 

10.85 

10.82 

10.78 

10.79 

10.79 

10.78 

10.69 

10.69 

10.69 

10.67 

10.64 

10.59 

10.63 

10.58 

10.63 

10.68 

10.72 

10.74 

10.69 

10.71 

10.67 

(t) 

10.93 

10.96 

11.01 

10.95 

10.  00 

11.00 

10.98 

JO.  94 

10.96 

10.  06 

10.95 

10.84 

10.85 

10.86 

10.84 

10.80 

10.76 

10.80 

10.75 

10.81 

10.86 

10.91 

10.94 

10.87 

10.  88 

10.84 

(t) 
11  08 

2 

3 

11. 11 

4 

11. 16 

5 

11.10 

7 

8 

10.24 
(t) 

10.33 
L0.35 
10.37 

11.  05 
11. 15 

9 

10 

11 

12 

11.13 
11.  09 
11.11 
11.11 

14          

15 

10.  33 
10.34 
10.35 
10.  36 
10.36 
10.  30 
10.  25 
10.25 
10.20 
11'.::.-. 
10.30 
10.39 
10.38 
10.39 

11.10 

10  09 

1G 

11.00 

17 

11.01 

18 

10.99 

19 

10  95 

■_'l 

10.  91 

10.  95 

23 

U)  90 

24 

10.98 

25 

11.  02 

ir> 

11.06 

28 

11. 10 

29 

11.  03 

30 

11  04 

31 

11.00 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Fob.       1 

10.41 

10.  39 

10.34 

10.34 

10.32 

10.31 

10.28 

10.28 

10.25 

10.30 

10.27 

10.35 

10.35 

10.30 

10.36 

Ki.::r. 

10.30 

L0.  36 

(t) 

10.  35 

(*) 

(t) 

(*) 

10.55 

10.50 

10.42 

10.44 

10.43 

10.45 

10.41 

10.38 

10.33 

10. 39 

10.37 

10.43 

10.41 

10.  38 

10.43 

10.41 

10.38 

10.43 

(t) 

10.43 

10.44 

(t) 

10. 45 

10.  43 

10.44 

10.74 

10.68 

10.61 

10.62 

10.61 

10.63 

10.  59 

10.  56 

10.50 

10.56 

10.54 

10.61 

10.59 

10.57 

10.60 

10.59 

10.57 

10.62 

(*) 

10.62 

10.64 

(t) 

10.64 

10.63 

10.61 

10.91 

10.86 

10.78 

10.80 

10.79 

10.81 

10.76 

10.73 

10.67 

10.73 

10.71 

10.  78 

10.  76 

10.74 

10.77 

10.77 

10.  75 

10.80 

(t) 

10.80 

10. 82 

(t) 

10.  82 

10.81 

10.80 

10.72 

10.69 

10.65 

10.69 

10.71 

10.71 

10.68 

10.  68 

10.65 

10.69 

10.73 

10.71 

10.  72 

10.  68 

10.72 

10.72 

10.73 

10.77 

(t) 

10.70 

10.84 

10. 90 

10.90 

10.88 

10.89 

10.84 

10.79 

10.82 

10.85 

10.83 

10.82 

10.80 

10.76 

10.79 

10.79 

10.82 

10.80 

10.76 

10.79 

10.77 

10.80 

10.83 

(t) 

10.82 

10.85 

10.92 

10.  91 

10.89 

10.92 

11.06 

11.01 

10.  91 

10.97 

10.  98 

10.97 

10.94 

10.91 

10.87 

10.90 

10.89 

10.94 

10.91 

10.  SO 

10.  89 

10.87 

10.88 

10.93 

(t) 

10.92 

10.94 

10.99 

10.  97 

10  96 

1C498 

11  20 

11. 15 

4 

11  08 

5 

11  11 

6 

11.11 

7 

11.09 

8 

11.07 

g 

11.03 

ii 

11  01 

12 

11.04 

13 

11  04 

14 

11  08 

15 

11.06 

16 

11.00 

18 

11  04 

19 

11.02 

20 

11  04 

21 

11.08 

(t) 
11  08 

23 

25 

11  10 

26 

11  15 

27 

11  13 

28 

11  12 

29 

11.14 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


438  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  Neiv  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1884. 
Mar.      1       

10.44 

10.61 

10.58 

(t) 

10.57 

10.56 

10.50 

10.46 

10.50 

10.48 

10.54 

10.62 

10.62 

10.67 

10.75 

10.72 

10.74 

10.84 

10.88 

11.00 

11.06 

10.98 

10.99 

11.12 

11.17 

11.18 

11.28 

10.80 

10.76 

(t) 

10.75 

10.75 

10.68 

10.64 

10.69 

10.67 

10.73 

10.81 

10.81 

10.86 

10.94 

10.91 

10.92 

10.99 

11.00 

11.08 

11.13 

11.06 

11.07 

11.15 

11.16 

11.18 

11.26 

10.97 

10.93 

(t) 

10.93 

10.92 

10.85 

10.82 

10.87 

10.85 

10.91 

10.99 

11.00 

11.05 

11.13 

11.10 

11.11 

11.18 

11.17 

11.25 

11.30 

11. 23 

11. 25 

11.33 

11.33 

11.33 

11.42 

10.94 
10.89 
10.89 
10.91 
10.86 
10.84 
10.84 
10.87 
10.85 
10.86 
10. 93 
10.95 
10.97 
11.06 
11.04 
11.07 
11.10 
11.11 
11.12 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.25 
11.36 
11.33 

10.97 
10.93 
10.93 
10.94 
10.89 
10.86 
10.84 
10.87 
10.  86 
10.89 
10.  95 
10.97 
10.99 
11.18 
11.05 
11.08 
11.11 
11.12 
11.14 
11.20 
11.16 
11.16 
11.26 
11.36 
11.33 
11.44 

11.14 
11.10 
11.10 
H.ll 
11.06 
11.04 
11.02 
11.05 
11.04 
11.07 
11.13 
11.16 
11.19 
11.27 
11.24 
11.27 
11.30 
11.30 
11.32 
11.38 
11.35 
11.34 
11.43 
11.49 
11.47 
11.57 

11.26 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

10.42 

(t) 

10.42 

10.43 

10.34 

10.34 

10.39 

10.38 

10.41 

10.52 

10. 5  L 

10.60 

10.64 

10.65 

10.65 

10.85 

11. 22 
11.22 
11.23 
11.18 
11.16 
11.14 

10 

11 

12 

13 

11.18 
11.16 
11.20 
11.26 

14 

11.30 

15 

17 

18 

19 

20 

11.33 
11.41 
11.39 
11.42 
11.44 

21 

10.90 

11.00 

11.00 

11.03 

11.00 

(*) 

11.16 

11.45 

22 

11.46 

24 

11.52 

25 

11.48 

«>6 

11.48 

27 

11.57 

28 

11.63 

11.60 

11.70 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

11.29 

11.40 

11.41 

11.38 

11.35 

(*) 

11.45 

11.46 

11.59 

(t) 

11.68 

11.65 

n 

11.70 

11.65 

11.70 

11.65 

(*) 

(1) 

11.69 

11.  60 

11.65 

11.70 

(*) 

11.30 

11.43 

11.46 

11.44 

11.39 

11.42 

11.49 

11.50 

11.59 

(t) 

11.71 

11.70 

11.66 

11.64 

11.66 

11.66 

11.61 

11.65 

(t) 

11.65 

11.61 

11.56 

11.59 

11.58 

11.45 

11.49 

11.45 

11.57 

11.60 

11.58 

11.55 

11.58 

11.66 

11.67 

11.77 

(t) 

11.88 

11.89 

11.82 

11.79 

11.84 

11.80 

11.75 

11.80 

(t) 

11.80 

11.77 

11.73 

11.79 

11.71 

11.55 

11.54 

11.61 

11.73 

11.76 

11.74 

11.71 

11.74 

11.82 

11.82 

11.90 

(t> 

12.01 

12.02 

11.95 

11.93 

11.97 

11.94 

11.88 

11.93 

(t) 

11.94 

11.92 

11.87 

11.94 

11.86 

11.71 

11.70 

11.39 
11.55 
11.60 
11.61 
11.62 
11.68 
11.77 
11.74 
1        11. 82 
(t) 

11.98 
11.95 
.    11.80 
11.82 
11.84 
11. 83 
11.  72 
11.77 
11.74 
11.77 
11.78 
11.77 
11.84 
11.77 
11.68 

11.54 

11.68 

11.71 

11.66 

11.67 

11.72 

11.82 

11.78 

11.86 

(t) 

12. 03 

11.98 

11.82 

11.84 

11.86 

11.86 

11.75 

11.78 

11.76 

11.79 

11.79 

11.77 

11.  35 

11.78 

11.68 

11.67 

11.66 

11.79 

11.82 

11.77 

11.78 

11.83 

11.92 

11.89 

11.96 

(t) 

12.13 

12.08 

11.92 

11.95 

11.97 

11.98 

11.87 

11.89 

11.86 

11.91 

11.90 

11.88 

11.91 

11.82 

11.72 

11.72 

11  79 

2 

11.91 

3 

11  92 

4 

11  88 

5 

11  89 

7 

11.93 

8 

12.04 

9 

12.00 

10 

12.  08 

11 

(t) 
12.23 

12 

14 

12.18 

15 

12. 03 

16 

12.06 

17 

12.08 

18 

12.09 

19 

11.98 

21 

12.01 

22 

11.98 

23 

12.03 

24 

12.02 

25 

11.99 

26 

12.01 

28 

11.91 

29 

11.81 

30 

11.78 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  439 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futuni"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Hay          Juno 
jr.    delivery. 

July 
delii  1'i'v. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

1884. 

11.53 

11.44 

11.40 

11.49 

11.40 

(*J 

11.58 

11.55 

11.61 
11.59 
11.53 

11.57 
11.52 
11.58 
11.66 
1 1 .  63 

11.75 

11.74 
11.07 
11.72 
11.66 
11.70 
11.80 
11.  70 
11.78 
11.81 
11.74 
11.68 
11.71 
11.73 
11.80 
11.77 
11.69 
11.72 
11.76 
11.75 
11.71 
11. 73 
11.70 
11.67 
11.62 
11.59 
11.55 

11.82 
11.80 
11.72 
11.77 
11.70 
11.74 
11.84 
11.80 
11.81 
11.85 
11.79 
11.73 
11.75 
11.77 
11.85 
11.83 
11.74 
11.77 
11.83 
11.83 
11.79 
11.81 
11.80 
11.79 
11.76 
11.74 
11.70 

11.69 
11.70 
11.65 
11.67 
11.58 
11.61 
11.70 
11.67 
11.66 
11.68 
11.65 
11.53 
11.40 
11.35 
11.50 
11.56 
11.49 
11.50 
11.58 
11.61 
11.58 
11.62 
11.63 
11.57 
11.54 
(t) 

11.  75 

11.76 

11.72 

11.82 

11.64 

11.67 

11.77 

11.75 

11.74 

11.79 

11.73 

11.64 

11.59 

11.59 

11.68 

11.08 

11.59 

11.61 

11.64 

11.67 

11.61 

11.64 

11.64 

11.57 

11.56 

(t) 

11.53 

11.84 

11.85 

11.80 

11.80 

11.73 

11.76 

11.88 

11.85 

11.83 

11.89 

11.83 

11.74 

11.73 

11.75 

11.84 

11.84 

11.77 

11.77 

11.84 

11.84 

11.80 

11.83 

11.82 

11.77 

11.76 

(t) 

11.72 

11.93 

•i 

3 

5 

6 

11  82 

11  84 

8 

11  96 

g 

10 

11.65          11.04 
11.53          11.06 

11  93 

12 . . . 

13 

11.51           11.60 

11.47  11.53 
11.40  ,        11.56 

11.48  11.56 
11.56  1         11.63 
11.50  !         11.59 
11.40            11.61 

11  92 

14 

11  84 

15 

11.83 
11  85 

16 

17 

11  94 

l'.t 

20 

11  88 

•Jl 

11.50 

11.-10 

11.40 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.35 

11.33 

11.53 
11.53 
1 1 .  53 
11.46 
11.47 
11.40 
11.39 
11.35 
11.36 
11.36 

22 

11  92 

23 

11  96 

24 

11  92 

26 

11  95 

27 

11  94 

28 

29 

30 

(t) 
11  86 

31 

June 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

11.35 
11.35 
11.31 

11.33 

11.35 

11.45 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(') 

(*) 

(*) 

11.12 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.75 

<*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

11.52 
11.51 

11.  17 
11.49 
11.51 
11.58 
11.52 
11.42 
11.36 
11.29 
11.23 
11. 22 
11.18 
11.12 
11.05 
11.  11 
10.  94 
10.84 
10.79 
10.  63 
10.68 
10.60 
10.54 
10.52 
10.58 

11.68 
11.67 
11.66 
11.69 
11.73 
11.80 
11.72 
11.62 
11.57 
11.49 
11.46 
11.40 
11.37 
11.30 
11.26 
11.34 
11.15 
11.11 
11.00 
10.87 
10.94 
10.85 
10.75 
10.72 
10.78 

11.33 
11.33 
11.34 
11.38 
11.40 
11.47 
11.43 
11.38 
11.34 
11.26 
11.22 
11.18 
11. 13 
11.01 
10.91 
10.94 
10.84 
10.  85 
10.76 
10.65 
10.71 
10.63 
10.56 
10.52 
10.59 

11.55 
11.54 
11.53 
11.55 
11.57 
11.66 
11.65 
11.62 
11.  54 
11.52 
11.53 
11.64 
11.38 
11.34 
11.29 
11.35 
11.19 
11.13 
11.00 
10.  07 
11.07 
10.98 
10.  93 
10.87 

11.71 
11.70 
11.69 
11.71 
11.74 
11.79 
11.74 
11.71 
11.68 
11.63 
11.63 
11.54 
11.50 
11.40 
11.34 
11.40 
11.22 
11.16 
11.11 
11.01 
11.08 
11.02 
10.93 
10.87 
10.88 

11.84 
11.83 
11.83 
11.85 
11.88 
11.93 

11  65 

3 

4 

5 

11.69 
11.72 

11  77 

6 

7 

9 

Id 

11.86  >           11.08 
11  83  .           11  65 

11 

12  ... 

11.79             11.60 
11  79 

13 

14 

11.71 
11.64 

11.53 
11.47 
11. 53 
11.35 
11.32 
11.25 
11.15 
11.25 
11.18 
11.06 
11.02 
11.01 

16 

17 

11  33 

18 

11  28 

19 

20 

11  14 

21 

23 

24 

25 

11  07 

26 

11  04 

27 

28 

10  89 

30 

10  S8 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


440 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES." 


UaUy  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  Yorl,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery . 

1884. 
July       1 

10.85 

10.75 

10.65 

(t) 

(t) 

10.60 

10.70 

10.75 

10.65 

(*) 

<*) 

(*) 

(*) 

( -) 

(*) 

(*) 

n 
<*) 
(*) 
(*> 
(*) 
(*) 

(*) 
(*) 
(*> 
(*) 

11.06 

11.02 

10.90 

(t) 

(t) 

10.76 

10.91 

10.86 

10.84 

10.  83 

10.77 

10.70 

10.75 

10.84 

10.76 

10.77 

10.74 

10.61 

(t) 

(t) 

10.47 

10.60 

10.55 

10.52 

10.55 

10.55 

10.49 

10.55 

10.62 

10  <u 

10.42 

10.  36 

10.26 

(t) 

(t) 

10.16 

10.28 

10.23 

10.20 

10.24 

10.23 

10.17 

10.23 

10.31 

10.24 

10.  28 

10.30 

10.28 

10.25 

10.29 

10.33 

10.39 

10.38 

10.33 

10.43 

10.  33 

10.36 

11.03 

11.07 

11.01 

(t) 

(f) 

10.83 

10.92 

10.91 

10.88 

10.90 

10.87 

10.89 

10.94 

11.04 

11.00 

11.02 

11.02 

11.00 

10  93 

11.19 

11  °6 

11.19 

(t) 

(t) 

10.99 

11.07 

11.04 

10.99 

11.00 

10.96 

10.94 

10.98 

11.08 

11.03 

11.05 

11.06 

11.02 

1(1   Ofi 

2 

11.06 

11.00 

(t) 

(t) 

10.85 

10.95 

10.90 

10.87 

10.92 

10.88 

10.86 

10.93 

11.00 

10.95 

10.95 

10.96 

10.96 

10.91 

10.92 

10.95 

11.03 

11.02 

10.97 

11.05 

10.93 

11.01 

3 

4 

(t) 

(t) 
10  51 

5 

7 

S 

9 

10  55 

10 

10.53 

11 

12 

14 

10.55 
10  62 

15 

16 

17 

10.67 

18 

10.81            10  RO 

19 

10.82 
10.79 
10.70 
10.67 
10.70 
10.75 
10.76 
10.73 
10.83 
10.73 
10.75 

10.  61 
10.59 
10.56 
10.00 
10.63 
10.69 
10.69 
10.63 
10.72 
10.62 
10.65 

10.  62 
10.93 

21 

22 

23 

10  93            in  OR 

24 

10.98 
11.12 
11.08 
11.03 
11.13 
11.03 

11.00 
11.13 
11.09 
11.03 
11.13 
11.03 
11.07 

25 

10  73 

26 

28 

29 

30 

31 

10  70 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept.           Oct. 
delivery,   delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

A  Qg.      1 

10.70 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.55 

10.53 

(*) 

10.  54 

10.55 

10. 62 

10.55 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.45 

10.35 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.50 

(*) 

(*) 

10.58 
10.51 
10.47 
10.46 
10.40 
10.38 
10.35 
10.39 
10.41 
10.51 
10.42 
10.45 
10.54 
10.43 
10.44 
10.36 
10.29 
10.26 
10.21 
10.23 
10.33 
10.34 
10.44 
10.47 
10.52 
10.47 

10.28 
10.23 
10.17 
10.16 
10.10 
10.07 
10.05 
10.08 
10.  12 
10.20 
10.12 
10.14 
10.22 
10.13 
10.14 
10.07 
10.02 
10.02 
9.99 
10.02 
10.13 
10.12 
10.20 
10.25 
10.30 
10.25 

10.17 

10.11 

10.08 

10.05 

9.98 

9.96 

9.94 

9.97 

10.00 

10.07 

10.00 

10.02 

10.11 

10.01 

10.03 

9.95 

9.91 

9.92 

9.89 

9.92 

10.02 

1C.02 

10.11 

10.18 

10.22 

10.17 

10.99 
10.94 
10.94 
10.93 
10.82 
10.78 
10.77 
10.80 
10. 80 
10.82 
10.80 
10.80 
10.86 
10.81 
10.82 
10.74 
10.63 
10.72 
10.70 
10.68 
10.72 
10.75 
10.79 
10. 80 
10.86 

10.93           10.62 
10.87  1        10.56 
10.86  I        10.52 
10.84           10.50 
10.72           10.40 
10  65 

10.47 
10.42 
10.39 
10.  35 

o 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

10.67 
10.71 
10  75 

10.40 
10.42 

10  25 

9 

11 

12  ... 

10.81  j        10.52 
10.72  I         10.42 
10  71           in  -i-' 

10.37 
10  27 

13 

14 

15 

10.78 
10.  72 
10.71 
10.65 
10.59 
10.66 
10.62 
10.62 
10.68 
10.70 
10.71 
10.76 
10.85 
10.82 

10.48 
10.42 
10.42 
10.35 
10.30 
10.35 
10.33 
10.34 
10.39 
10.42 
10.47 
10.  52 
10.61 
10  58 

16 

18 

10  27 

19 

10  '^i 

20 

21 

22 

23 

10.22 
10.26 

25 

26 

27 

10  35 

28 

10  42 

29 

10  49 

30 

10  45 

r  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."'  441 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "/trfurw"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept.                 Oct 

delivery,  clilivery. 

1     Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

1     Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

1884. 
Sept.      1 

10.45 

10.36 

10.46 

10.45 

10.  37 

10. 38 

10.34 

10.29 

10.34 

10.25 

10.  22 

10.  18 

10.03 

9.  95 

9.  95 

9.90 

9.84 

(*) 

9.95 

9.85 

(*) 

(*) 

9.80 
(*) 
(*) 

10.24 
10.  15 
10.25 
10.24 

10.16 
10.17 
10.10 
10.09 
10.09 
10.  03 
9.99 
9.98 
9.85 
9.83 
9.82 
9.80 
9.77 
9.79 
9.89 
9.80 
9.78 
9.80 
9.  76 
9.71 
9.60 
9.66 

10.17 
10.07 
10.16 
10  15 
10.  07 
10.08 
10.01 

10.  00 
10.00 
9.  95 
9.  92 
9.90 
9.78 
9.80 
9.81 
9.  78 
9.75 
9.79 
9.90 
9.80 
9.  79 
9.80 
9.70 
9.72 
9.59 
9.65 

10.20 
10.11 
10.21 
10.20 

10.12 
10.14 
10.08 
10.07 
10.(19 
10.03 
9.99 
9.98 
9.87 
9.87 
9.87 
9.85 
9.82 
9.86 
9.96 
9.84 
9.84 
9.85 
9.79 
9.  76 
9.  67 
9.72 

10.83 
10.71 
10.73 

10.7.". 
10.  66 
10.73 
10.68 
10.64 
10.  63 
10.47 
10.46 
10.46 
10.33 
10.28 
10.20 
10.23 
li).  22 
10.29 
10.36 
10.22 
10.17 
10.18 
10.15 
10.10 
9.89 

10.60 
10.48 
10.54 
10.  56 
10.48 
10.  7?3 
10.48 
10.45 
10.44 
10.31 
10.30 
10.29 
10.14 
10.15 
10.  09 
10.09 
10.05 
10. 12 
10.18 
10.12 
10.11 
10.11 
10.11 
10.  03 
9.95 
10.02 

10.48 
10.37 
10.44 
10.46 
10.38 
10.44 
10.39 
10.39 
10.  40 
10.26 
10.26 
10.25 
10.20 
10.14 
10.09 
10.09 
10.05 
10.09 
10.15 
10.07 
10..08 
10.  09 
10.08 
10.  00 
9.94 
10.03 

10.50 
10.40 
10.47 
10.50 

10.41 
10.45 
10.42 
10.  42 

9 

3 

4 

•; 

8 

;i 

In 

ii ;. 

10  31 

12 

10.31 
10.30 
10.30 

L3 

15 

Ki 

17 

10  16 

IS 

19 

10  1" 

20 

22 

23 

10  15 

24 

10  15 

10  16 

26 

27 

29 

9  98 

30 

10  05 

Oct. 
delh  ery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.        1 

9.64 
9.72 
9.69 
1).  78 
9.  70 

n.  72 

'.).  72 
9. 73 
9.71 
9.65 
9.58 
9.62 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 
9.46 

(*) 
9.  U 
9.41 

(*) 
9.40 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

<*) 

9.63 
9.71 
9.69 
9.77 
9.  66 
9.66 
9.66 
9.  OS 
9.66 
9.60 
9.55 
9.60 
9.51 
9.45 
9.48 

9.  52 

9.  11 
9.41 
9.38 
9.33 
9.34 
9.33 
9.34 
9.38 
9.35 
9.47 
9.53 

9.69 
9.77 
9.75 
9.83 
9.73 
9.  72 
9.  73 

9.  7  1 
9.72 
9.66 
9.62 
9.66 
9.58 
9.51 
9.  54 
9.57 
9.48 
9.48 
9.43 
9.38 
9.38 
9.37 
9.39 
9.44 
9.41 
9.52 
9.59 

9.82 
9.90 
9.88 
9.  96 
9.86 
9.86 
9.87 
9.  88 
9.86 
9.80 
9.76 
9.81 
9.  7'.' 
9.66 
9.68 
9.71 
9.62 
9.62 
9.57 
9.51 
9.51 
9.50 
9.53 
9.57 
9.54 
9.65 
9.73 

9.92 
9.96 

9.  07 
10.  06 
10.00 
10.01 
9.98 
9.99 
9.97 
9.90 
9.85 
9.91 
9.84 
9.76 
9.78 
9.85 
9.76 
9.78 
9.  7.-) 
9.72 
9.68 
9.70 
9.70 
9.76 
!».  76 
9.86 

9.94 
10.03 
10.04 
10.11 
10.03 
10.03 
10.01 
10.01 
9.99 
9.93 
9.88 
9.93 
9.86 
9.78 
9.81 
9.88 
9.81 
9.81 
9.  77 
9.73 
9.69 
9.72 
9.70 
9.79 
9.78 
9.86 
9.98 

9.97 

io.  <u 
10.06 
10.13 
10.05 
10.05 
10.03 
10.06 
10.04 
9.96 
9.92 
9.97 
9.90 
9.81 
9.84 
9.90 
9.  84 
9.82 
9.78 
9.73 
9.69 
9.  72 
9.72 
9.79 
9.77 
9.85 
9.96 

10  07 

2 

10  14 

:i 

10  16 

4 

In  23 

G 

10  15 

10  14 

8 

10  12 

9 

10  16 

10 

10.14 

11 

10.  07 

13 

10  03 

14 

10.07 

15 

10.00 

16 

9.91 

17 

9.94 

18 

10.00 

20 

9.94 

21 

22 

23 

9.92 
9.87 
9.83 

24 

9.78 

25 

9.82 

•J7 

9.82 

28 

9.89 

29 

9.86 

30 

9.94 

31 

10.05 

*  Nominal. 


442         DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

1884. 

9.52 
9.48 

(i) 
9.52 
9.47 
9.51 
9.59 
9.64 
9.67 
9.70 
9.86 
9.78 
9.86 
10.01 
10.01 
10.05 
10. 16  * 
(*) 
10.00 

(*) 

(*) 
(*) 
(t) 
n 

9.57 

9.55 

(t) 

9.58 

9.54 

9.58 

9.67 

9.74 

9.72 

9.74 

9.88 

9.78 

9.81 

9.99 

9.98 

10.03 

10.11 

10.  05 

9.93 

10.07 

10.11 

10.02 

(t) 

10.02 
9.99 

9.71 
9.68 

9.72 

9.68 

9.72 

9.80 

9.88 

9.87 

9.88 

10.01 

9.92 

9.95 

10.12 

10.10 

10.14 

10.23 

10.16 

10.06 

10.18 

10.21 

10.15 

(t) 

10.13 
10.07 

9.87 

9.84 

(t) 

9.89 

9.85 

9.90 

9.98 

10.05 

10.04 

10.05 

10.18 

10.09 

10.12 

10.28 

10.26 

10.30 

10.38 

10.31 

10.21 

10.34 

10.35 

10.29 

(t) 

10.28 
10.20 

9.93 
9.92 
ft) 

9.95 
9.92 
9.97 
10.05 
10.13 
10.13 
10.  16 
10.27 
10.23 
10.24 
10.40 
10.41 
10.42 
10.51 
10.50 
10.30 
10.46 
10.49 
10.47 
(t) 
10.60 

9.93 
9.91 
(t) 
9.94 
9.91 
9.94 
10.02 
10.09 
10.08 
10.11 
10.21 
10.15 
10.15 
10.31 
10.30 
10.35 
10.42 
10.36 
10.24 
10.36 
10.40 
10.37 
(t) 

10.40 
10.36 

10.02 

10.00 

(t) 

10.03 

10.00 

10.04 

10.12 

10.19 

10.17 

10.20 

10.31 

10.25 

10.24 

10.42 

10.40 

10.44 

10.51 

10.45 

10.34 

10.47 

10.51 

10.47 

(t) 

10.49 

10.45 

10.16 
10.  '4 
ft) 
10.17 
10.14 
10.18 
10.27 
10.34 
10.  32 
10.34 
10. 46- 
10.39 
10.38 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 

10.54 
10.58 
10  64 

19 

20 

•>•» 

10.57 
10.60 
10.58 

24 

25 

26 

10.55 
(t) 

10.56 
10  49 

27 

28 

29 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

10.11 

10.16 

10.10 

10.23 

10.25 

10.38 

10.37 

10.33 

10.35 

10.25 

10.20 

10.26 

10.  22 

(t) 

10.31 

10.28 

10.32 

10.34 

10.40 

10.20 

10.25 

10.21 

10.33 

10.33 

10.48 

10.50 

10.47 

10.48 

10.33 

10.30 

10.32 

10.33 

(t) 

10.39 

10.35 

10.45 

10.45 

in  49 

10.32 

10.36 

10.33 

10.46 

10.46 

10.62 

10.64 

10.62 

10.64 

10.50 

10.47 

10.51 

10.52 

(t) 

10.58 

10.55 

10.66 

10.66 

10.69 

10.73 

10.73 

(t) 

10.80 

10.79 

10.67 

10.70 

10.69 

10.47 

10.52 

10.49 

10.62 

10.62 

10.79 

10.81 

10.79 

10.80 

10.67 

10.65 

10.67 

10.69 

(f) 

10.77 

10.74 

10.86 

10.86 

10.  90 

10.92 

10.92 

(t) 

10.98 

10.97 

10.84 

10.87 

10.87 

10.42 
10.51 
10.58 
10.76 
10.73 
10.98 
10.  93 
10.94 
10.92 
10.72 
10.64 
10.70 
10.82 
10.95 

10.  92 
10.89 
11.00 

11.  01 
11.08 
11.01 
11.00 
(t) 

11.10 
11.09 
11.04 

10.52 

10.61 

10.67 

10.80 

10.78 

11.05 

11.01 

11.01 

11.03 

10.83 

10.75 

10.81 

10.87 

11.01 

10.97 

10.96 

11.09 

11.11 

11.18 

11. 10 

11.08 

(t) 

11.15 

11.16 

11.09 

11.14 

11.09 

10.57 

10.67 

10.70 

10.80 

10.81 

11.08 

11.01 

11.01 

11.04 

10.86 

10.78 

10.84 

10.86 

11.00 

10.95 

10.94 

11.08 

11.09 

11.16 

11.09 

11.07 

(t) 

11.14 

11.14 

11.05 

11.11 

11.06 

10  69 

2 

10  77 

3 

10  80 

4 

10  88 

5 

10  91 

6 

11  16 

8 

11  10 

9 

11  08 

10 

11  13 

11 

10  95 

12 

10  89 

13 

10  94 

]  "> 

1  <S 

11  11 

17 

11  06 

IS 

11  05 

19 

11  20 

20 

11  21 

22 

11  28 

23 

10.48           10  KK 

11  21 

24 

10.51 

(t) 

10.62 

10.65 

10.55 

(*) 

10.58 
(t) 

10.65 
10.65 
10.56 
10.59 
.     10. 56 

11  19 

25 

(t) 
11.24 

26 

27 

11  24 

29 

11  16 

30 

11.22 

31 

11. 17 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  443 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Xcw  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1885. 

(t) 

10.60 

10.54 

10.54 

10.51 

10.48 

(t) 

10.45 

10.  51 

10.  52 

10.49 

10.44 

10.  50 

10.51 

10. 48 

10.50 

10.48 

10.48 

10.60 

10.72 

10.70 

10.  72 

10.67 

1D.71 

(*> 

(*) 

(t) 

10.73 

10.68 

10.67 

10.65 

10.61 

ft) 

10.57 

10.60 

10.56 

10.54 

10.  52 

10.  (SO 

Hi.  56 

10.55 

10.54 

in.  52 
10.  02 
10.77 
10.72 
lo.  7:. 
10.66 
10.71 
ID.  7  : 
10.67 
10.62 

(t) 

10.02 
10.87 
10.87 

10.85 

10  81 

(t) 

10.77 

10.80 

10.76 

10.73 

10.71 

10.80 

10.76 

10.74 

10.75 

10.7+ 

10.  72 

10.82 

10.97 

10.91 

10.94 

10.,-:. 

10.00 

10.111 

10.82 

10.77 

(t) 

11.  09 

11.05  ! 

11.05  I 

11.  03 

10.99 

(t) 

10.95 

10.98 

10.95 

10.91 

10.89 

10.97 

10.94 

10.92 

10.93 

10.92 

10.89 

10.99 

11.13 

11.08 

11.12 

11.03 

11.07 

11.09 

11.00 

10.95 

(t) 

11.16 

11.12 

11.15 

11.21 

11.16 

11.13 

11.04 

11.11 

11.04 

11.04 

11.06 

11.08 

11.07 

11.09 

11.11 

11.12 

11.06 

11.10 

11.19 

11.23 

11.29 

11.  21 

11.21 

11.26 

11.23 

(t) 

11.13 

11.10 

11.12 

11.17 

11.14 

11.11 

11.01 

11.07 

11.03 

11.02 

11.04 

11.08 

11.07 

11.08 

11.07 

11.07 

11.03 

11.09 

11.18 

11.20 

11.27 

11.20 

11.21 

11.25 

11.17 

11.12 

(t) 

11.24 

11.21 

11.21 

11.23 

11.17 

11.15 

11.07 

11.13 

11.08 

11.08 

11.08 

11.14 

11.13 

11.14 

11.12 

11.10 

11.06 

11. 13 

11.23 

11.  23 

11.33 

11.27 

1 1 .  29 

11.30 

11.23 

11.17 

(t) 

11.38 

I:::::::::: 

11.35 

11.35 

? 

8 

9 

10 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

11.36 
11.29 

11.27 
11.19 
11.26 
11. 20 
11.20 
11.20 
11.26 
11.25 

17 

11.25 

19 

11.24 

20 

11.22 

21 

11.17 

22    

11.24 

23 

11.35 

24 

11.38 

26 

11.  42 

27 

11.  32 

28 

11.36 

29 

11.39 

30 

11.31 

31  .. 

11.25 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
deli's  ery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb- 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb.       2 

10.68 

10.62 

10.64 

10.62 

10.  60 

10.64 

10.65 

10.67 

10.63 

(t) 

10.68 

10.67 

10.59 

(t) 

10.66 

10.62 

10.67 

10.71 

(t) 

10.78 

10.77 

10.74 

10.82 

10.75 
10.76 
10.76 

10.74 

10.77 

10.78 

10.81 

10.  78 

(t) 

10.80 

10.  so 

10.7.", 

(t) 

10.79 

10.74 

lu.77 

10.77 

(t) 

10.81 

10.80 

10.77 

10.74 

10.72 

11.00 

10.94 

10.95 

10.94 

10.93 

10.  96 

10.97 

10.  09 

10.96 

(t) 

10.  99 

10.99 

10.95 

<t) 

10.99 

10.95 

10. 99 

11.01 

(t) 

11.04 

11.04 

11.02 

10.  OS 

10.93 

11.17 

11.12 

11.12 

11.11 

11.10 

11.13 

11.13 

11.16 

11.13 

(t) 

11.16 

11.10 

11.12 

(t) 

11.17 

11.14 

11.18 

11.20 

(t) 

11.24 

11.  23 

11.21 

11.18 

11.13 

11.14 

11.09 

11.14 

11.15 

11.14 

11.16 

11.14 

11.18 

11.14 

11.11 

11.17 

11.22 

11.26 

11.23 

11.26 

11.25 

11.29 

11.36 

(t) 

11.50 

11.  49 

11.48 

11.44 

11.20 
11.16 

11.21 
11.22 

11.20 

11.22 
11.  20 
1 1 .  24 
11.20 
11.17 
11.24 
11.27 
11.27 
11.27 
11.30 
11.31 
11.35 
11.39 

m 

11.51 
11.51 
11.50 
11.45 
11.42 

11.  30 

11.24 

11.28 

11.29 

11.27 

11.29 

11.27 

11.31 

11.2S 

11.2.-. 

11.  32 

11.33 

11.30 

11.32 

11.36 

11.38 

11.40 

11.45 

(t) 

11.56 

11.57 

11.52 

11.47 

11.44 

11.41 

•J 

11.35 

4 

11.  39 

5 

11.39 

6 

7 

9 

11.37 
11.40 
11.37 

10 

11 

11.41 

11.38 

12 

11.35 

13 

11.42 

14 

11.  43 

16 

11.39 

17 

11.41 

18 

11.45 

19 

11.48 

20 

11.50 

21 

11.55 

23 

(t) 

24 

11.67 

25 

11.67 

26 

11.02 

27 

11.57 

28 

11.54 

♦Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


444  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (lid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1885. 

10.70 

10.60 

(t) 

10.60 

10.65 

10.67 

10.64 

10.63 

10. 52 

(*) 

10.52 

10.70 

(*) 

10.  65 

10.  65 

(') 

10.75 

10.76 

10.66 

(*) 

(*) 

10.65 

10.62 

10.55 

10.90 

10.80 

(i) 

10.80 

10.82 

10.85 

10.81 

10.77 

10.63 

10.60 

10.66 

10.79 

10.75 

10.76 

10.72 

10.81 

10.80 

10.81 

10.67 

10.67 

10.58 

10.61 

10.61 

10. 55 

10.55 

10.61 

11.12 

11.03 

(t) 

11.03 

11.05 

11.08 

11.04 

11.00 

10.85 

10.82 

10.87 

11.00 

10.97 

10.97 

10.94 

11.03 

11.02 

11.03 

10.89 

10.88 

10.78 

10.80 

10.78 

10.70 

10.72 

10.79 

11.31 

11.23 

(t) 

11.23 

11.25 

11.28 

11.24 

11.20 

11.05 

11.01 

11.07 

11.20 

11.17 

11.17 

11.14 

11.23 

11.22 

11.23 

11.10 

11.09 

10.99 

11.00 

10.99 

10.  90 

10.92 

11.00 

11.40 
11.  32 
11.30 
11.33 
11.33 
11.36 
11.31 
11.29 
11.20 
11.12 
11.20 
11.34 
11.29 
11.32 
11.31 
11.35 
.  11.  34 
11.34 
11.29 
11.26 
11.18 
11.14 
11.14 
11.10 
11.00 

11.43 

11.34 

11.31 

11.35 

11.36 

11.39 

11.32 

11.29 

11.20 

11.09 

11.18 

11.31 

11.25 

11.25 

11. 25 ' 

11.29 

11.30 

11.31 

11.21 

11. 18 

11.13 

11.08 

11.10 

11.05 

11.00 

11.04 

11.54 
11.46 
11.43 
11.47 
11.48 
11.51 
11.44 
11.42 
11.31 
11.20 
11.30 
11.44 
11.38 
11.38 
11.37 
11.42 
11.42 
11.43 
11,34 
11.31 
11.26 
11.21 
11.  23 
11.16 
11.12 
11.17 

11.65 

3 

11.57 

4 

11.53 

5 

11.57 

0 

11.58 

7 

11.61 

9 

11.55 

10 

11.52 

11 

11.42 

12 

11.31 

13 

11.42 

14         

11.  56 

10 

11.50 

17    

11.50 

18 

11.49 

19 

11.54 

20 

11.54 

21 

11.54 

23 

11.45 

24 

11.43 

25 

11.38 

26 

11.34 

27 

11.36 

28 

11.29 

30 

11.26 

31 

11.13 

1 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 

10.66 

10.64 

(t) 

(t) 

10.62 

10.66 

10.65 

10.56 

10.57 

10.40 

10.25 

(*) 

10.30 

10.50 

10.50 

10.38 

10.  35 

10.30 

10.20 

10.  25 

10.20 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.84 

10.80 

(t) 

(t) 

10.73 

10.75 

10.74 

10.61 

10.  63 

10.47 

10.32 

10.46 

10.40 

10.54 

10.57 

10.47 

10.41 

10.38 

10.28 

10.  35 

10.28 

10. 22 

10.22 

10.  15 

10.02 

10.10 

11.04 
11.01 

(t) 

(t)     . 

10.94 

10.95 

10.  94 

10.80 

10.83 

10.67 

10.52 

10.67 

10. 59 

10.73 

10.75 

10.66 

10.59 

10. 56 

10.46 

10.  53 

1D.46 

10.39 

10.37 

10.32 

10.11 

10.23 

11.24 

11.20 

(t) 

(+) 

11.13 

11.14 

11.14 

10.99 

11.02 

10.85 

10.71 

10.  87 

10.79 

10.92 

10.94 

10.84 

10.77 

10.75 

10.64 

10.72 

10.  65 

10.58 

10.55 

10.51 

10.29 

10.42 

11.12 
11.14 

(t) 

(t) 

11.12 

11.11 

11.09 

11.01 

11.06 

10.98 

10.  79 

10.90 

10.81 

10.95 

10.96 

10.93 

10.  84 

10.84 

10.75 

10. 80 

10.74 

10.72 

10.70 

10.66 

11.26 

11.24 

(t) 

(t) 

11.20 

11.19 

11.17 

11.06 

11.10 

11.01 

10.81 

10.93 

10.83 

10.96 

10.98 

10.94 

10.86 

10.86 

10.77 

10.80 

10.75 

10.72 

10.70 

10.66 

10.43 

10.51 

11.38 
11.36 
(») 

(t) 

11.31 

11.29 

11.27 

11.16 

11.21 

11.12 

10.93 

11.06 

10.95 

11.08 

11.10 

11.05 

10.96 

10.97 

10.87 

10.91 

10.85 

10.81 

10.78 

10.75 

10.52 

10.62 

11.47 

o 

11.45 

3 

(t) 

4 

(t) 

6 

11.39 

7 

11.36 

8 

11.34 

9 

11.24 

10 

11.28 

11 

11.19 

10.99 

14 

11.11 

15 

11.01 

16 

11.15 

17 

11.18 

18 

11.13 

•jo 

11.0* 

21 

11.05 

22 

10.96 

23 

11.00 

24 

10.94 

25 

10.89 

27 

10.87 

28 

10.81 

29... 

10.58 

30... 

10.65 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES."         445 

Daily  (bid) price*  of  cotton  " futures"  in  Xac  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1803. 


New  ( Means. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June            July 
delivery .  dt  Irrary. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

1885. 
Mav       1 

<*) 

10.30 

10.35 

10.  45 

10.55 

10.40 

(*) 

10.35 

10.  40 

(*) 

<*) 

10.50 

<*) 

(*) 

10.50 

(*) 

(*) 

10.53 

(*) 

(*) 

<*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.33 
10.43 
10.  lit 
L0.58 
10.66 
10.53 
10.  53 
10.45 
10.48 
10.  57 
10.51 
10.57 

10.56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.55 
10.62 
10.  57 
10.54 
10.  19 
10.51 
10.48 
10.49 
10.47 
(t) 

10.51 
10.62 
10.69 
10.79 

111.86 
10.74 
10.72 
10.65 
10.68 
10.77 
10.71 
10.77 
10.69 
10.75 
10.  75 
Id.  7.'. 
10.74 
10.79 
Ui.74 
10.71 
10.66 
10.68 
10.63 
10.62 
10.  60 
(t) 

10.60 
10.71 
in.  77 
10.86 
10.92 
10.79 
10.77 
10.70 
10.73 
10. 82 
10.75 
10.83 
10.75 
10.81 
10.81 
10.81 
10.80 
10.85 
10.  SO 
ln.77 
10.72 
ln.74 
10.70 
10.70 
10.09 
(tj 

10.63 
10.68 
10.76 

10.81 
10.85 
10.78 
10.75 
10.66 
10.68 
10.76 
10.78 
10.85 
10.77 
10.88 
10.85 
10.86 
10.86 
10.95 
10.  94 
10.94 
10.85 
10.91 
10.84 
10.78 

10.76 
10.79 

lti.  87 
10.91 
in.  it;, 
10.87 
10.85 
10.77 
in.  so 
10.88 
10.87 
10.90 
10.81 
10.  so 
10.89 
10.91 
10.90 
11.03 
11.04 
11.01 
10.  91 
10.96 
10.89 
10.85 
10.84 
(tj 

10.79 
10.84 
10.02 
10.96 
11.00 
10.91 
10.9O 
10.82 
10.82 
10. 91 
10.88 
10.93 
10.86 
10.92 
10.  93 
10.94 
10.93 
11.02 
11.03 
10.99 
10.90 
10.  93 
10.86 
10.86 
10.86 
(t) 

10  84 

10  89 

4 

10  98 

5 

11  03 

6 

11.07 

7 

10  98 

8 

10.97 

B 

in  88 

11 

10.  90 

12 

10  97 

l.'i 

10.  93 

14 

10  98 

15 

it; 

10.97 

18 

10  97 

19 

10.99 

20 

10.98 

2] 

11.07 

11.07 

23 

11.04 

25 

10.95 

26 

10.98 

27 

10.92 

28 

10.92 

29 

10.92 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 

ilfli\  cry. 

June, 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

10.  51  ■ 

10.48 

10.40 

10.38 

10.37 

10.31 

in  .24 

10.22 

(*) 

10.18 

10.  12 

10.18 

10. 12 

10.12 

(*) 

(*) 

9.99 
10.00 
10.00 

9.93 
(*) 
10.00 

(*) 

(*) 
<*) 

10.62 
10.59 
10.51 
10.48 

10.49 
10.42 
10.30 
10.28 
10.31 
10.24 
10.17 
10.24 
10.14 
10.14 
10.07 
10.05 
10.02 
10.04 
9.  98 
9.99 
9.96 
10.02 

id  71          in  or 

10.88 
10.86 

10.78 

10.88 
10.84 

in  78 

10.94 
10.90 
10.83 
10.82 
10.80 
10.75 
10.07 
10.65 
10.68 
10.64 
10.53 
10.61 
10.51 
10.  51 
10.45 
in.  12 
10.35 
10.38 
10.30 
10.37 
10.34 
10.42 
10.43 
10.48 
10.37 
10.44 

10.69 

10.67 
10.  59 
10.55 
10.55 
10.48 
10.35 
10.31 
10.34 
10.  27 
10.21 
10.31 
in.  19 
10.20 
in.  13 
10.10 
10.06 
10.10 
10.02 
10.04 
10.03 

io  on 

10.24 
10.17 
10.  15 
10.17 
10.10 
10.  00 
9.  99 
10.  02 
9.93 
9.86 
9.94 
9.84 
9.85 
B.  80 
9.76 
9.72 
9.74 
9.67 
9.70 
9.69 
9.80 
9.77 
9.83 
9.72 
9.79 

10.65 

:! 

10.61 

4 

lo.7(i          10.76 
10. 7:;          m  ~a 

10.01 

10.59 

6 

10.08 
10.56 
10.51 
10.55 
10.51 
10.41 
10.48 
10.40 
10.40 
10.31 
10.30 
10.25 
10.28 
10.  L9 
10.25 
10.25 
10.  33 
10.33 
10.38 
10.28 

10.68 
10.60 
10.58 
10.01 
10.  56 
10.44 
10.52 

10.43 
10.36 
10.  32 
10.27 
10.29 
10.21 
10.27 
10.25 
10.33 
10.33 
10.38 
10. -27 
10.35 

10.51 

8 

in.  ■!") 

9 

10.42 

In  .    . 

10  45 

11 

10.36 

12 

10.  26 

1  3 

10.35 

15 

10.27 

16 

10.  26 

17 

10.20 

18 

10. 11 

19  ... 

10.14 

20 

10.17 

22 

10.10 

•li 

10.  17 

24 

10.12 

25 

10.21 

26 

10.01  |        10.08 

10. 05  i         10. 12 

9.96  |        10.02 

10.  04           10.  09 

10.19 

27 

10.24 

29 

in.  15 

30 

10.  23 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


446 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Neto  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  189S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1885. 

July         1 

10.00 
9.98 

(t) 

(t) 

10.02 

10.02 

10.04 

10.01 
9.96 
9.88 
9.86 
9.79 
9.65 
9.63 

(*) 
9.63 

(*) 

(*) 

<*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.03 
9.99 
(t) 
(t) 

10.01 
10.01 
10.03 
9.97 
9.88 
9.77 
9.70 
9.68 
9.56 
9.58 
9.56 
9.54 
9.45 
9.55 
9.60 
9.68 
9.58 
9.54 
9.53 
9.58 
9.63 
9.56 
9.63 

9.72 

9.71 

(t) 

(t) 

9.74 

9.75 

9.80 

9.75 

9.70 

9.64 

9.58 

9.57 

9.48 

9.47 

9.43 

9.41 

9.32 

9.42 

9.49 

9.55 

9.47 

9.40 

9.40 

9.46 

9.50 

9.47 

9.4S 

9.53 

9.51 

(t) 

(t) 

9.54 

9.55 

9.59 

9.54 

9.50 

9.43 

9.39 

9.39 

9.32 

9.34 

9.29 

9.28 

9.21 

9.31 

9.38 

9.39 

9.30 

9.25 

9.26 

9.30 

9.33 

9.31 

9.32 

10.33 
10.32 
(t) 
(t) 

10.38 
10.37 
10.43 
10.36 
10.31 
10.20 
10.14 
10.10 
10.05 
10.  05 
9.96 
9.96 
9.82 
10.01 
10. 28 
10.  37 
10.29 
10.16 
10.26 
10.34 
10.45 
10.42 

10.41 
10.38 
(t) 
(t) 

10.41 
10.42 
10.47 
10.41 
10.35 
10.24 
10.18 
10.12 
10.06 
10.05 
9.97 
9.93 
9.81 
10.01 
10.28 
10.39 
10.30 
10.16 
10.26 
10.34 
10.45 
10.42 
10.45 

10.19 

10.16 
(t) 
(t) 

10.20 

10.22 

10.27 

10.22 

10.17 

10.11 

10.03 

10.03 

9.92 

9.93 

9.84 

9.82 

9.71 

9.89 

10.02 

10.07 

10.01 

9.89 

9.92 

9.99 

10.05 

10.02 

10.04 

9  93 

2 

9.91 

3 

(t) 
(t) 
9.94 

4 

6 

7     

9.95 

8    

9.97 

9 

9.91 

10 

9.89 

11 

9.83 

13 

9.78 

14 

9.81 

15 

9.72 

16 

9.73 

17 

9.66 

18 

9.64 

20 

9.57 

21 

9.73 

22 

9.78 

23 

9.81 

24 

9.73 

25 

9.66 

27 

9.65 

28 

9.69 

29 

9.75 

30 

9.74 

31 

9.75 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

9.55 
9.48 
9.45 
9.45 
9.50 
9.65 

9.70 
9.65 
9.70 
9.  62 
9.55 
9.55 
9.48 
9.40 
9.30 
9.30 
9.40 
9.30 
9.35 
9.30 
9.30 
9.  25 
9.30 

9.42 

9.34 

9.34 

9.33 

9.39 

9.46 

(t) 

9.46 

9.43 

9.47 

9.40 

9.35 

9.33 

9.29 

9.26 

9.25 

9.25 

9.31 

9.27 

9.30 

9.24 

9.24 

9.25 

9.22 

9.25 

9.21 

9.27 

9.20 

9.23 

9.22 

9.28 

9.33 

(t) 

9.35 

9.32 

9.36 

9.28 

9.24 

9.22 

9.19 

9.16 

9.16 

9.16 

9.26 

9.22 

9.26 

9.20 

9.22 

9.24 

9.24 

9.28 

9.21 

9.23 

9.16 

9.19 

9.18 

9.23 

9.27 

(t) 

9.30 

9.27 

9.32 

9.23 

9.21 

9.17 

9.15 

9.12 

9.12 

9.12 

9.20 

9.17 

9.21 

9.15 

9.19 

9.21 

9.22 

9.24 

9.20 

10.43 

10.35 

10.33 

10.33 

10.35 

10.40 

(t) 

10.42 

10.42 

10.41 

10.36 

10.34 

10.  34 

10.25 

10.24 

10.19 

10.20 

10.24 

10.18 

10.21 

10. 18 

10.28 

10.55 

10.35 

9.99 

9.90 

9.90 

9.88 

9.95 

9.96 

(t) 

9.97 

9.97 

9.99 

9.95 

9.92 

9.91 

9.82 

9.78 

9.73 

9.75 

9.80 

9.76 

9.79 

9.77 

9.82 

9.87 

9.80 

9.85 

9.80 

9.70 

9.62 

9.62 

9.62 

9.66 

9.68 

(t) 

9.69 

9.68 

9.70 

9.67 

9.64 

9.63 

9.55 

9.54 

9.50 

9.52 

9.59 

9.55 

9.64 

9.61 

9.64 

9.68 

9.63 

9.66 

9.64 

9.65 

s'  3":::::::: 

9.60 

4 

9.61 

5 

9.59 

6 

9.63 

9.63 

8 

(t) 

10 

9.65 

11 

9.64 

12 

9.66 

13 

9.63 

14 

9.58 

15 

9.56 

17 

9.51 

18 

9.50 

19 

9.44 

20 

9.46 

21 

9.53 

22 

9.50 

24 

9.59 

25 

9.56 

20 

9.60 

27 

9.62 

28 

9.58 

29 

9.62 

31  .. 

9.61 

1  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  447 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  2\~ew   Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1880  to  1893. 


Xew  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delis  My. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Deo. 

delivery. 

1885. 
Sept       1  

9.16 
9.14 
9.10 
9.14 
9.12 
9.12 
9.03 
9.05 
9.05 
9.03 
9.04 
9.05 
9.06 
9.07 

9.    - 
9.10 
H.12 
9.08 

(*) 

(*) 
9.05 

(*) 

(*) 

9.19 
9.18 
9.15 
9.17 
9.16 
9.15 
9.11 
9.15 
9.13 
9.12 
9.12 
9.13 
9.12 
9.14 
9.15 
9.14 
9.14 
9.16 
9.12 
9.12 
9.  11 
9.06 
9.14 
9. 19 
9.19 
9.16 

9.10 
9.15 
9. 12 
9.14 
9.13 
9.12 
9.08 
9.12 
9.11 
9.10 
9.11 
9.11 
9.10 
9.12 
9.15 
9.16 
9.16 
9.19 
9.14 
9.15 
9.14 
9.12 
9.19 
9.23 
9.  23 
9.17 

9.20 
9.19 
9.15 
9.17 
9.16 
9.15 
9.11 
9.16 
9.  14 
9.14 
9.14 
9.15 
9.14 
9.15 
9.19 
9.21 
9.22 
9.  23 
9.19 
9.21 
9.19 
9.19 
9.25 
9.30 
9.30 
9.25 

9.73 
9.74 
9.67 
9.70 
9.71 
9.65 
9.62 
9.67 
9.71 
9.64 
9.05 
9.63 
9.64 
9.64 
9.62 
9.58 
9.61 
9.61 
9.55 
9.50 
9.51 
9.52 
9.59 
9.65 
9.69 

9.56 
9.57 
9.52 
9.53 
9.53 
9.50 
9.46 
9.51 
9.55 
9.50 
9.51 
9.50 
9.48 
9.  51 
9.53 
9.50 
9.52 
9.55 
9.51 
9.56 
9.52 
9.51 
9.57 
9.66 
9.68 
9.62 

9.53 
9.53 
9.49 
9.50 
9.50 
9.48 
9.45 
9.52 
9.55 
9.50 
9.51 
9.49 
9.48 
9.  5C 
9.53 
9.52 
9.57 
9.60 
9.55 
9.61 
9.56 
9.54 
9.59 
9.65 
9.67 
9.63 

9.56 

9.56 

;s 

9.51 

4 

9.53 

5 

9.53 

9.51 

8 

9.49 

9 

9.55 

10 

9.58 

11 

9.54 

12 

9.54 

14 

9.54 

15 

9.52 

16 

9.56 

17 

9.59 

18 

9.59 

19 

9.63 

•'1 

9.67 

22 

9.62 

23 

9.68 

24 

9.65 

25 

9.63 

26 

9.67 

28 

9.74 

20 

9.75 

30  ... 

9.70 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dee. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct        1 

9.14 
9.17 
9.21 
9.30 
9.20 

(*) 

(*) 
9.22 

(*) 

9.10 
9.10 
9.06 
9.08 
9.11 
9.  20 
9.  20 
9.11 
9.11 
9.09 
9.04 
9.00 
9.01 
8.98 
9.00 
9.03 

9.15 
9.18 
9.20 
9.33 
9.21 
9.17 
9.20 
9.25 
9.15 
9.17 
9.  12 
9.12 
9.08 
9.11 
9.21 
9.19 
9.11 
9.07 
9.07 
9.03 
9.00 
8.97 
8.93 
8.93 
8.91 
8.88 
8.82 

9.23 
9.26 
9.34 
9.42 
9.30 
9.26 
9.28 
9.33 
9.22 
9.24 
9.19 
9.19 
9.15 
9.18 
9.28 
9.27 
9.18 
9.14 
9.14 
9.11 
9.08 
9.04 
9.01 
9.00 
8.95 
8.92 
8.87 

9.35 
9.38 
9.46 
9.55 
9.43 
9.39 
9.42 
9.47 
9.36 
9.37 
9.33 
9.33 
9.28 
9.31 
9.41 
9.40 
9.31 
9.27 
9.27 
9.24 
9.21 
9.16 
9.13 
9.13 
9.07 
9.04 
9.00 

9.62 
9.66 
9.75 
9.84 
9.78 
9.76 
9.77 
9.77 
9.70 
9.73 
9.69 
9.68 
9.65 
9.67 
9.79 
9.81 
9.73 
9.69 
9.65 
9.65 
9.63 
9.66 
9.58 
9.52 
9.46 
9.41 

9.61 
9.66 
9.75 
9.83 
9.75 
9.72 
9.74 
9.76 
9.C9 
9.71 
9.66 
9.67 
9.62 
9.65 
9.73 
9.73 
9.65 
9.63 
9.61 
9.61 
9.58 
9.53 
9.49 
9.48 
9.42 
9.38 
9.27 

9.69 
9.73 
9.80 
9.87 
9.78 
9.75 
9.77 
9.81 
9.72 
9.74 
9.68 
9.68 
9.64 
9.68 
9.75 
9.75 
9.67 
9.65 
9.63 
9.63 
9.60 
9.55 
9.51 
9.51 
9.47 
9.43 
9.36 

9.78 

2 

9.82 

3 

9.90 

6 

9.96 

6 

9.87 

7 

9.84 

8 

9.86 

9 

9.90 

10 

9.81 

12 

9.83 

13 

9.77 

14 

9.77 

15 

9.73 

16 

9.77 

17 

9.84 

19 

9.84 

20 

9.76 

21 

9.74 

22 

9.72 

23 

9.71 

24 

9.69 

26 

9.63 

27 

9.59 

28 

9.60 

29 

9.56 

30 

9.52 

31 .. 

9.45 

'Nominal. 


448 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Keiv  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  Tort. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
deliver}-. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec.           Jan. 
delivery,   delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

1885. 

8.91 
8.87 
8.84 
8.86 
8.82 
8.75 
8.80 

(t) 
8.76 
8.78 
8.88 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

8.94 

8.89 
8.87 
8.89 
8.84 
8.81 
8.87 

9.06 
9.02 
9.00 
9.01 
8.97 
8.94 
9.00 

9.20 

9.16 

9.  U 

9.15  1 

9.12 

9.08 

9.15 

9.31 

(t) 
9.21 
9.21 
9.22 
9.16 
9.27 
9.23 
9.18 
9.22 
9.36 
9.32 
9.37 
9.32 
9.38 
9.37 
9.37 
9.34 
9.35 
9.42 
9.42 

(t) 
9.41 
9.41 

9. 42  |         9.  51 

9.62 

4 

9.  33             9. 43 

9.55 

5 

9.31 
9.30 
9.23 
9.36 
9.30 
9.24 
9.28 
9.39 
9.39 
9.42 
9.38 
9.41 
9.41 
9.41 
9.38 
9.39 
9.44 
9.46 

9.42 
9.42 
9.35 
9.48 
9.42 
9.36 
9.41 
9.52 
9.51 
9.54 
9.51 
9.53 
9.52 
9.52 
9.50 
9.52 
9.57 
9.59 

9.54 

6 

9.54 

7 

9.47 

9 

9.60 

9.54 

11 

8.77 
8.84 
8.94 
8.91 
8.93 
8.86 
8.89 
8.89 
8.93 
8.87 
8.89 
8.93 
8.94 
8.94 
8.90 
8.89 
8.90 

8.91 
8.97 
9.08 
9.05 
9.07 
9.00 
9.02 
9.03 

9.05 
9.13 
9.23 
9.20 
9.22 
9.15 
9.18 
9.18 

9.47 

12     

9.52 

13 

9.64 

14 

9.63 

16 

9.66 

17 

9.63 

18 

9.65 

19 

9.64 

20 

9.06  1          9.21 
9.  00  i          9. 15 
9.01             9.16 
9. 06             9. 21 

9.64 

21 

9.61 

23 

9.63 

24 

9.69 

25 

9.08 
9.08 
9.04 
9.01 
8.97 

9.  23 

9.23 
9.19 
9.16 
9.11 

9.70 

9.53 
9.44 
9.38 

9.55 
9.53 
9.46 

9.66 

9.63 

9.56 

• 

Dee. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

March 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

March 
delivery. 

Dec.      1 

8.84 
8.85 
8.83 
8.83 
8.80 
8.82 
8.81 
8.79 
8.86 
8.81 
8.81 
8.79 
8.78 
8.86 
8.78 
8.78 
8.80 
8.81 
8.75 
8.74 
8.70 
(t) 
(t) 
8.65 
(*) 

8.93 
8.94 
8.92 
8.91 
8.89 
8.88 
8.86 
8.84 
8.91 
8.86 
8.86 
8.83 
8.82 
8.93 
8.85 
8.85 
8.84 
8.85 
8.79 
8.76 
8.73 

9.06 

9.08 
9.06 
9.06 
9.04 
9.04 
9.02 
9.01 
9.08 
9.03 
9.03 
9.00 
8.99 
9.09 
9.  02 
9.01 
9.01 
9.  (12 

9.19 
9.21 
9.19 
9.18 
9.15 
9.15 
9.13 
9.11 
9.18 
9.14 
9.14 
9.11 
9.10 
9.20 
9.13 
9.12 
9.12 
9    13 

9.34 
9.37 
9.36 
9.  35 
9.27 
9.29 
9. 26 
9.21 
9.26 
9.20 
9.19 
9.20 
9.20 
9.30 
9.26 
9.28 
9.26 
9.28 
9.  26 
9.19 
9.13 

(t) 

(t) 
9.09 

9.41 
9.44 
9.41 
9.41 
9.34 
9.36 
9.31 
9.31 
9.38 
9.32 
9.30 
9.28 
9.28 
9.38 
9.32 
9.32 
9.30 
9.32 
9.29 
9.21 
9.17 

9.52 

9.54 
9.51 
9.51 
9.45 
9.46 
9.  42 
9.42 
9.49 
9.43 
9.42 
9.39 
9.38 
9.48 
9.42 
9.42 
9.41 
9.42 
9.38 
9.31 
9.26 

9  63 

2 

9.66 

3 

9.63 

4 

9.63 

5 

9.57 

7 

9.58 

8 

9.53 

9 

9.53 

10 

9.61 

11 

9.55 

12 

9.54 

14 

9.51 

15 

9.49 

16 

9.59 

17 

9.54 

18 

9.54 

19 

9.52 

21 

9.54 

22 

8.  97             9.  08 
8. 93            9.  04 
8. 90            9. 01 

9.50 

23 

9.43 

24 

9.38 

25 

26 

28 

8.67 
8.68 
8.72 
8.77 

8. 83             8.  95 
8. 85             8. 96 
8.89            9.00 
8. 92             9  02 

9.11 
9.16 
9.16 
9.20 

9.22 
9.25 
9.25 
9.29 

9.34 

29 

9.37 

30 

9.13 

9.37 

31 

9.40 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES."  449 

Daily  (bid)  prior*  of  cotton  "futures''  in  New  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


Xew  Orleans. 

New 

rork. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

(It  li\  I   IV. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

188C. 

(t) 

(t) 
•   - 
8.  76 
.-.71 
-  70 

(t) 
8.  76 
8.83 

8.82 
8.86 
8.88 
8.86 
8.87 
8.80 
8.89 
8.88 

8.77 
8.76 
8.73 
8.72 
8.78 

(t) 

(t) 
8.97 
8.88 
8.84 
8.81 

(t) 
8.85 
8.93 
8.90 
8.90 
8.95 
8.99 
8.95 
8.98 
8.93 
8.94 
8.92 
8.85 
8.79 
8.78 
8.78 
8.77 
8.83 
8.81 
8.79 

(t) 

(t) 
9.08 
8.98 
8.94 
8.91 

(t) 
8.95 
9.03 
9.  00 
9.00 
9.04 
9.06 
9.00 
9.00 
8.96 
8.98 
8.96 
8.90 
8.85 
8.83 
8.82 
8.81 
8.85 
8.82 
8.77 

(t) 

(t) 
9.  22 
9.  13 
9.08 
9.06 

(t) 
9.10 
9.18 
9.15 
9.15 
9.18 
9.20 
9.15 
9.15 

9.  1  1 

9.13 

9.10 
9.C5 
8.99 
8.97 
8.96 
8.95 
8.99 
8.96 
8.91 

(t) 

(t) 
9.28 
9.19 
9.13 
9.13 
9.18 
9.18 
9.24 
9.23 
9.24 
9.28 
9.30 
9.25 
9.23 
9.20 
9.23 
9.23 
9.17 
9.09 
9.09 
9.12 
9.09 
9.12 
,     9.08 

(t) 

(t) 
9.36 
9.  25 
9.19 
9.19 
9.24 
0.  23 
9.29 
9.  28 
9.27 
9.33 
9.35 
9.  29 
9.27 
9.24 
9.26 
9.26 
9.19 
9.10 
9.09 
9.13 
9.11 
9.14 
9.10 
9.07 

(t) 

(t) 
9.47 
9.36 
9.30 
9.29 
9.35 
9.34 
9.40 
9.36 
9.38 
9.44 
9.45 
9.40 
9.38 
9.35 
9.37 
9.37 
9.30 
9.20 
9.20 
9.23 
9.21 
9.25 
9.21 
9.16 

(t) 

•> 

(t) 

4 

9.59 

r,  ... 

9.48 

6 

9.42 

9.41 

8 

9.46 

9 

9.45 

11 

9.51 

12 

9.49 

13 

9.49 

14 

9.54 

15 

9.56 

16 

9.51 

18 

9.49 

19 

9.46 

20 

9.48 

21 

9.48 

9.40 

23 

9.31 

25 

9.31 

26 

9.34 

27 

9.32 

28 

9.36 

29 

9.32 

30 

9.26 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

If  ay 

delivery. 

Feb.       1 

8.75 
8.79 
8.76 
8.77 
8.71 
8.  72 
8.65 
8.61 

8.60 
8.66 
8.69 
8.60 
8.56 
8.56 
8.45 
8.37 
8.35 

(t) 
8.28 
8.29 

(*) 

(*) 

8.74 
8.78 
8.75 
8.75 
8.71 
8.71 
8.63 
8.59 
8.52 
8.58 
8.63 
8.64 
8.54 
8.51 
8.51 
8.40 
8.31 
8.30 
(t) 
8.23 
8.  23 
8.16 
8.09 
8.14 

8.85 
8.89 
8.85 
8.85 
8.83 
8.82 
8.74 
8.71 
8.63 
8.68 
8.74 
8.74 
8.64 
8.60 
8.61 
8.52 
8.44 
8.44 
(t) 
8.37 
8.35 
8.27 
8.15 
8.23 

8.99 
9.03 
8.98 
8.99 
8.97 
8.96 
8.88 
8.85 
8.78 
8.82 
8.87 
8.87 
8.76 
8.72 
8.74 
8.65 
8.57 
8.56 
(t) 
8.50 
8.49 
8.40 
8.29 
8.35 

9.05 
9.09 
9.07 
9.10 
9.08 
9.07 
8.98 
8.98 
8.  93 
9.00 
9.04 
9.07 
8.95 
8.90 
8.94 
8.85 
8.77 
8.78 
(t) 
8.70 
8.75 
8.70 

9.14 

9.17 
9.15 
9.16 
9.14 
9.13 
9.07 
9.04 
8.99 
9.04 
9.08 
9.10 
9.00 
8.97 
8.99 
8.91 
8.82 
8.82 
(t) 
8.77 
8.77 
8.71 
8.64 
8.66 

9.23 
9.27 
9.24 
9.26 
9.23 
9.22 
9.16 
9.13 
9.08 
9.13 
9.18 
9.19 
9.09 
9.06 
9.09 
9.00 
8.93 
8.93 
(t) 
8.88 
8.88 
8.82 
8.73 
8.75 

9.34 

9.37 

:i 

9.34 

4 

9.36 

5 

9.33 

6 

9.32 

8 

9.27 

9 

9.23 

10 

9.18 

11 

9.22 

12 

9.28 

13 

9.29 

15 

9.19 

16 

9.16 

17 

9.19 

18 

9.10 

19    

9.02 

9.03 



22 

(t) 

23 

8.98 

24 

8.99 

25 

8.92 

26 

8.83 

27 

8.85 

*  Nominal. 
COT — VOL  2 29 


t  Holiday. 


450  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES. 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1886. 
Mar.      1 

8.28 
8.22 
8.54 

(t) 
8.50 
8.75 
8.75 

(t) 
8.60 
8.48 
8.40 
8.54 

(*) 

(*) 
8.65 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 
8.60 
8.65 
8.60 
8.55 
8.55 

(*) 

(*) 

8.38 
8.32 
8.63 

(t) 
8.60 
8.82 
8.86 

(t) 
8.62 
8.55 
8.43 
8.55 
8.58 
8.63 
8.73 
8.87 
8.75 
8.73 
8.63 
8.68 
8.62 
8.57 
8.58 
8.59 
8.56 
8.57 
8.63 

8.49 
8.45 
8.76 

(t) 
8.72 
8.96 
8.99 

(t) 
8.75 
8.68 
8.57 
8.68 
8.72 
8.76 
8.87 
9.00 
8.88 
8.87 
8.76 
8.83 
8.76 

•8.71 
8.72 
8.73 
8.70 
8.70 
8.78 

8.61 
8.57 
8.90 

(D 
8.85 
9.08 
9.13 

(t) 
8.88 
8.81 
8.70 
8.82 
8.85 
8.89 
9.00 
9.13 
9.02 
9.01 
8.89 
8.96 
8.90 
8.85 
8.86 
8.87 
8.84 
8.84 
8.92 

8.85 
8.84 
9.01 
9.12 
9.03 
9.16 
9.21 
9.10 
9.02 
8.99 
8.89 
8.93 
8.94 
9.02 
9.08 
9.17 
9.09 
9.12 
9.05 
9.12 
9.07 
9.00 
9.03 
9.03 
9.03 
9.03 

8.93 
8.91 
9.09 
9.21 
9.12 
9.24 
9.30 
9.17 
9.10 
9.07 
8.96 
9.03 
9.03 
9.08 
9.13 
9.25 
9.17 
9.17 
9.09 
9.16 
9.10 
9.04 
9.05 
9.03 
9.03 
9.03 
9.11 

9.03 
9.02 
9.19 
9.32 
9.23 
9.35 
9.41 
9.27 
9.20 
9.18 
9.07 
9.13 
9.15 
9.19 
9.24 
9.36 
9.29 
9.29 
9.21 
9.28 
9.21 
9.15 
9.17 
9.16 
9.13 
9.13 
9.21 

9.15 

2 

9.12 

3 

9.29 

4 

9.42 

5 

9.33 

6 

9.44 

8 

9.51 

9 

9.37 

10 

9.30 

11 

9.28 

12 

9.17 

13 

9.23 

15 

9.24 

16 

9.29 

17 

9.34 

18 

9.46 

19 

9.39 

20 

9.39 

22 

9.31 

23 

9.38 

24 

9.31 

25 

9.25 

26 

9.27 

27 

9.27 

29 

9.24 

30 

9.24 

31 

9.32 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

8.65 
8.64 
8.67 
8.73 
8.67 
8.72 
8.69 
8.71 
8.76 
8.82 
8.80 

(*) 

8.75 
8.75 
8.79 
8.80 
8.80 
8.80 
8.75 

(t) 

(t) 
8.78 
8.80 
8.80 

(*) 

8.79 

8.78 
8.81 
8.87 
8.81 
8.86 
8.82 
8.85 
8.87 
8.94 
8.92 
8.85 
8.81 
8.80 
8.84 
8.82 
8.81 
8.83 
8.78 

(t) 

(t) 
8.83 
8.86 
8.83 
8.89 
8.95 

8.93 
8.92 
8.95 
9.01 
8.95 
9.00 
8.96 
8.99 
9.02 
9.08 
9.06 
8.98 
8.95 
8.94 
8.98 
8.96 
8.94 
8.96 
8.91 

(t) 

(t) 
8.95 
8.98 
8.96 
9.00 
9.04 

9.07 
9.06 
9.09 
9.16 
9.10 
9.15 
9.10 
9.13 
9.17 
9.23 
9.21 
9.13 
9.09 
9.09 
9.12 
9.11 
9.08 
9.10 
9.04 

(t) 

(t) 
9.09 
9.11 
9.10 
9.14 
9.17 

9.13 

9.14 
9.15 
9.18 
9.14 
9.17 
9.11 
9.13 
9.15 
9.22 
9.22 
9.14 
9.10 
9.12 
9.14 
9.12 
9.15 
9.16 
9.13 

(t) 

(t) 
9.17 
9.20 
9.18 
9.20 

9.21 

9.21 
9.22 
9.27 
9.24 
9.27 
9.23 
9.23 
9.26 
9.32 
9.32 
9.25 
9.20 
9.21 
9.23 
9.21 
9.20 
9.21 
9.16 

(t) 

(t) 
9.20 
9.23 
9.19 
9.22 
9.24 

9.32 
9.32 
9.33 
9.39 
9.36 
9.39 
9.34 
9.35 
9.38 
9.44 
9.44 
9.36 
9.32 
9.32 
9.35 
9.33 
9.31 
9.33 
9.29 

(t) 

(t) 
9.33 
9.35 
9.31 
9.35 
9.34 

9.40 

2 

9.40 

3 

9.41 

5 

9.47 

6 

9.44 

7 

9.48 

8 

9.43 

9 

9.44 

10 

9.47 

12 

9.54 

13 

9.54 

14 

9.45 

15 

9.42 

16 

9.42 

17 

9.45 

19 

9.43 

20 

21 

9.41 
9.43 

22 

9.39 

23 

(t) 

24 

(tj 

26 

9.44 

27 

9.46 

28 

9.43 

29 

9.46 

30 

9.45 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES."  451 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
deliver- 

1886. 
May      1 

8.92 
8.97 
8.93 
8.93 
8.93 
8.91 
8.85 

(") 
8.77 
8.75 

(*) 

<*) 

(*) 

(*) 
8.70 
8.80 

(*) 

(*) 
8.80 

(*) 

(*) 

(*/ 

(*) 

(*) 

9.01 
9.03 
9.00 
9.01 
9.01 
8.97 
8.91 
8.91 
8.82 
8.  82 
8.80 
8.76 
8.74 
8.71 
8.76 
8.81 
8.88 
8.81 
8.82 
8.84 
8.82 
8.87 
8.84 
8.85 
8.90 
(t) 

9.14 
9.16 
9.13 
9.13 
9.14 
9.09 
9.  o:t 
9.02 
8.94 
8.94 
8.91 
8.88 
8.86 
8.84 
8.88 
8.94 
9.01 
8.94 
8.95 
8.97 
8.94 
8.98 
8.92 
8.92 
8.98 
(t) 

9.19 
9.21 
9.17 
9.17 
9.18 
9.14 
9.09 
9.06 
8.98 
8.98 
8.95 
8.92 
8.90 
8.88 
8.92 
8.98 
9.05 
8.97 
8.98 
9.01 
8.97 
9.01 
8.96 
8.96 
9.02 
(t) 

9.24 
9.  24 
9.26 
9.26 
9.27 
it.  22 
9.19 
9.18 
9.14 
9.14 
9.09 
9.07 
9.04 
9.06 
9.06 
9.13 
9.18 
9.10 
9.14 
0.15 
9.14 
9.17 
9.12 

9.34 
9.33 
n.  32 

9.32 
9.33 
9.29 
9.26 
9.24 
9.17 

a.  it 

9.11 
9.08 
9.05 
9.07 
9.06 
9.14 
9.19 
9.12 
9.14 
9.16 
9.14 
9.16 
9.12 
9.11 
9.19 
(t) 

9.45 
9.43 
9.42 
9.42 
9.43 
9.39 
9.35 
9.33 
9.26 
9.25 
9.21 
9.18 
9.15 
9.17 
8.17 
9.24 
9.30 
9.22 
9. 24 
9.26 
9.25 
9.27 
9.23 
9.21 
9.29 
(t) 

9.55 

3 

9.53 

4 

9.52 

5 

9.52 

6 

9.52 

7 

9.48 

8 

9.44 

10 

9.42 

11 

9.35 

12 

9.34 

13 

9  3C 

14 

9.26 

15 

9.23 

17 

9.^5 

18 

9.25 

19 

9.33 

20 

9.38 

21 

9.31 

22 

9.33 

24 

9.35 

•25 

9.33 

26 

9.36 

27 

9.32 

28 

9.31 

"11 

9.39 

31 

<t> 

(t) 

(t) 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

8.91 
8.  95 
8.88 
8.87 
8.87 
8.87 
8.80 
8.86 
8.87 
8.81 
8.78 
8.76 
8.77 

(*) 
8.75 
8.78 
8.84 
8.86 
8.87 
(*) 
(*) 
8.87 
8.92 
8.94 

8.97 
9.00 
8.93 
8.93 
8.95 
8.93 
8.91 
8.92 
8.90 
8.86 
8.82 
8.82 
8.83 
8.84 
8.83 
8.84 
8.89 
8.91 
8.94 
8.93 
8.94 
8.93 
8.97 
9.02 
9.00 
9.06 

9.01 
9.04 
8.97 
8.97 
8.98 
8.97 
8.95 
8.95 
8.94 
8.89 
8.85 
8.86 
8.87 
8.86 
8.87 
8.88 
8.92 
8.94 
8.96 
8.96 
8.96 
8.95 
9.00 
9.  01 
9.02 
9.11 

8.80 
8.83 
8.74 
8.75 
8.76 
8.74 
8.72 
8.73 
8.72 
8.68 
8.65 
8.66 
8.67 
8.66 
8.67 
8.68 
8.73 
8.74 
8.77 
8.76 
8.76 
8.76 
8.81 
8.84 
8.82 
8.90 

9.14 
9.08 
9.00 
9.ai 
9.15 
9.14 
9.10 
9.08 
9.00 
9.07 
9.07 
9.02 
9.02 
9.05 
9.04 
9.06 
9.08 
9.08 
9.13 
9.11 
9.17 
9.20 
9.26 
9.32 
9.27 

9.24 

9.24 
9.22 
9.23 
9.23 
9.21 
9.18 
9.20 
9.19 
9.16 
9.13 
9.11 
9.11 
9.11 
9.10 
9.12 
9.14 
9.14 
9.19 
9.17 
9.20 
9.20 
9.26 
9.32 
9.27 
9.36 

9.34 
9.35 
9.32 
9.33 
9.34 
9.33 
9.30 
9.31 
9.30 
9.26 
9.25 
9.23 
9.23 
9. 22 
9!  21 
9.23 
9.26 
9.26 
9.32 
9.30 
9.33 
9.31 
9.36 
9.40 
9.37 
9.45 

9.20 

2 

9.20 

3 

9.16 

4 

9.18 

5 

9.20 

7 

9.19 

8 

9.16 

9 

9.17 

10 

9.17 

11 

9.15 

12 

9.12 

H 

9.10 

15 

9.10 

16 

9.11 

17 

9.10 

18 

9.12 

19 

9.14 

21 

9.13 

22 

9.18 

23 

9.17 

24 

9.20 

25 

9.19 

26 

9.23 

28 

9.27 

29 

9.24 

30 

9.32 

•  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


452 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON   "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid)  jwices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans.                    , 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

«Jelivery. 

18S6. 
July       1 

9.07 
9.06 

(t) 

(1) 
9.14 
9.18 
9.13 
9.15 
9.15 
9.14 
9.11 
9.14 
9.  IS 
9.16 
9.16 
9.23 
9.15 
9.20 
9.  22 
9^20 
9.23 
9.15 
9.20 
9.20 

(*) 

9.12 
9  12 

(t) 

(t) 
8.21 
9.29 
9.22 
9.27 
9.23 
9.19 
9.17 
9.17 
9.23 
9. 22 
9^21 
9.19 
9.17 
9.23 
9.25 
9.  23 
9.25 
9.17 
9.22 
9.23 
9.20 
9.17 
9.14 

8.92 
8.93 

(t) 

(t) 
9.03 
9.14 
9.06 
9.12 
9.08 
9.05 
9.00 
9.00 
9.05 
9.02 
9.01 
8.98 
8.96 
9.01 
9.03 
9.01 
9.03 
8.94 
8.99 
8.98 
8.99 
8.97 
8.93 

8.80 
8.80 

(t) 

(t) 
8.89 
9.01 
8.94 
8.99 
8.95 
8.91 
8.85 
8.86 
8.91 
8.89 
8.88 
8.84 
8.83 
8.89 
8.90 
8.89 
8.91 
8.82 
8.86 
8.86 
8.86 
8.85 
8.82 

9.40 
9.41 

(t) 

(t) 

9.45 
9.54 
9.50 
9.51 
9.56 
9.47 
9.41 
9.42 
9.45 
9.45 
9.43 
9.41 
9.41 
9.48 
9.52 
9.49 
9.53 
9.44 
9.44 
9.42 
9.43 
9.44 

9.46 
9.47 

ft) 

(t) 
9.52 
9.61 
9.55 
9.57 
9.58 
9.50 
9.45 
9.45 
9.49 
9.48 
9.45 
9.42 
9.44 
9.50 
9.53 
9.49 
9.52 
9.43 
9.44 
9.42 
9.43 
9.43 
9.45 

9.35 

9.38 

(t) 

(t) 
9.43 
9.57 
9.49 
9.52 
9.53 
9.45 
9.38 
9.39 
9.44 
9.43 
9.40 
9.37 
9.39 
9.45 
9.48 

9.22 

2 

9.25 

3 

(t) 

5 

(1) 

6 

9.29 

7 

9.45 

8 

9.35 

9 

9.38 

10 

9.39 

12 

9.32 

13 

9.27 

14 

9.28 

15 

9.33 

16 

9.33 

17 

9.30 

19 

9.27 

20 

9.29 

21 

9.34 

22 

9.36 

23 

9. 45              9. 32 

24 

9.49  1            9.37 

26 

9.39 
9.43 
9.41 
9.43 
9.41 
9.41 

9.28 

27 

9.33 

28 

9.32 

29 

9.35 

9.33 

9.33 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

9.44 

9.42 
9.35 
9.39 
9.41 
9.38 
9.35 
9.34 
9.30 
9.30 
9.30 
9.32 
9.30 
9.26 
9.25 
9.18 
9.13 
9.13 
9.14 
9.12 
9.10 
9.09 
9.09 
9.08 
9.02 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug.      2 

9.13 
9.11 
9.08 
9.18 
9.17 
9.11 
9.08 
9.06 
9.01 
9.03 

8.92 

8.90 
8.87 
8.96 
8.94 
8.89 
8.88 
8.87 
8.83 
8  81 

8.82 
8.79 
8.76 
8.85 
8.83 
8.79 
8.78 
8.78 

8.79 
8.76 
8.74 
8.82 
8.80 
8.77 
8.76 

S   77 

9.40 

9.38 
9.32 
9.37 
9.38 
9.33 
9.29 
9.29 
9.27 
9.29 
9.31 
9.32 
9.32 
9.27 
9.29 
9.25 
9.20 
9.17 
9.15 
9.14 
9.11 
9.07 
9.08 
9.08 
9.04 
9.09 

9.30 
9.28 
9.23 
9.28 
9.31 
9.28 
9.22 
9.26 
9.25 
9.29 
9.29 
9.31 
9.32 
9.27 
9.28 
9.24 
9.20 
9.17 
9.  14 
9.14 
9.11 
9.10 
9.10 
9.10 
9.05 
9.10 

9.28 

3 

9.26 

4 

9.22 

5 

9.27 

6 

9.31 

7 

9.26 

9 

9.22 

10 

9.26 

11 

8   78                 8  77 

9.25 

12 

8.82 
8.81 
8.86 
8.86 
8.80 
8.82 
8.76 
8.73 
8.69 
8.69 
8.69 
8.65 
8.66 
8.68 
8.67 
8.63 
8.64 

8.80 
8.80 
8.85 
8.86 
8.80 
8.83 
8.77 
8.73 
8.69 
8.69 
8.69 
8.05 
8.66 
8.68 
8.67 
8.63 
8.65 

9.29 

13 

9.01  I          8.83 
9.  03             8  R7 

9.29 

14 

9.31 

16 

9.01 
8.95 
8.90 
8.87 
8.80 
8.76 
8.76 
8.75 
(*) 
8.74 
8.74 
8.75 
8.68 

8.86 
8.80 
8.83 
8.79 
8.74 
8.70 
8.69 
8.69 
8.66 
8.69 
8.71 
8.70 
8.67 
8.67 

9.32 

17 

9.27 

18 

9.28 

19 

9.24 

20 

9.20 

21 

9.17 

23 

9.15 

24 

9.15 

25 

9.13 

26 

9.12 

27 

9.13 

28 

9.14 

30 

9.08 

31 

9.12 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holidav. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  453 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  ''futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Xew  York.  1880  to  1S9S. 


New 

Orleans. 

New 

York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept 

delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1886. 
Sept      1 

8.69 
8.69 
8.71 
8.72 
8.76 
8.74 
8.  72 
8.70 
8.76 
8.73 
8.75 
8.85 
8.82 
8.84 
8.98 
9.00 
9.18 
9.10 
8.90 
8.85 
8.93 
8.93 
9.00 
8.95 

8.65 
8.62 
8.65 
8.68 

8.74 
8.70 
8.69 
8.68 
8.71 
8.70 
8.71 
8.78 
8.78 
8.81 
8.86 
8.87 
8.93 
8.94 
8.87 
8.84 
8.93 
8.93 
8.98 
8.96 
8.  95 
8.98 

8.65 
8.62 
8.65 
8.67 
8.73 
8.69 
8.68 
8.65 
8.68 
8.67 
8.67 
8.76 
8.76 
8.79 
8.78 
8.80 
8.87 
8.86 
8.79 
8.77 
8.86 
8.86 
8.90 
8.89 
s.  86 
8.87 

8.69 
8.66 
8.68 
8.70 
8.75 
8.72 
8.71 
8.68 
8.71 
8.70 
3.71 
8.79 
8.79 
8.82 
8.80 
8.82 
8.88 
8.88 
8.81 
8.79 
8.88 
8.  BS 
8.91 
8.91 
8.89 
8.90 

9.08 
9.05 
9.08 
9.11 
9.15 
9.12 
9.07 
9.03 
9.07 
9.06 
9.08 
9.14 
9.16 
9.16 
9.11 
9.18 
9.22 
9.24 
9.19 
9.16 
9.19 
9.16 
9.24 
9.21 
9.19 

9.08 
9.05 
9.09 
9.13 
9.18 
9.14 
9.12 
9.08 
9.11 
9.08 
9.10 
9.16 
9.19 
9.19 
9.16 
9.21 
9.25 
9.27 
9.20 
9.17 
9.  20 
9.17 
9.25 
9.23 
9.21 
9.22 

9.12 
9.08 
9.11 
9.14 
9.18 
9.14 
9.14 
9.10 
9.13 
9.10 
9.12 
9.19 
9.21 
9.22 
9.18 
9.2:t 
9.27 
9.30 
9.  24 
9.21 
9.  26 
9.25 
9.30 
9.29 
9.28 
9.30 

9.15 

9.11 

3 

9.14 

4 

9.16 

6 

9.20 

9.17 

8 

9.17 

9 

9.13 

10 

9.16 

11 

9.14 

13 

9.16 

14 

9.22 

15 

9.23 

its 

9.24 

17 

9.19 

18 

9.24 

20 

9.28 

L'l 

9.33 

.,., 

9.26 

23 

9.23 

24 

9.30 

25 

9.30 

27 

9.35 

28 

9.34 

29 

9.34 

30 

9.36 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct         1 

8.91 

8.92 
8.88 
8.80 
8.87 
8.84 
8.82 
8.80 
8.77 
8.76 
8.78 
8.81 
8.84 
8.81 
8.87 
-.  69 
8.69 
8.57 
8.51 
8.47 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

8.81 
8.81 
8.76 
8.69 
8.74 
8.69 
8.67 
8.70 
8.  63 
8.61 
8.63 
8.64 
8.66 
8.66 
8.63 
8.59 
8.60 
8.56 
8.52 
8.47 
8.45 

a  it 

8.53 
8.54 
8.48 
8.45 

8.82 
8.83 
8.79 
8.71 
8.77 
8.72 
8.69 
8.72 
8.65 
8.62 
8.64 
8.65 
8.67 
8.68 
8.64 
8.61 
8.64 
8.60 
8.57 
8.53 
8.50 
8.52 
8.57 
8,58 
8.52 
8.50 

8.91 
8.92 
8.87 
8.80 
8.86 
8.81 
8.78 
8.80 
8.73 
8.70 
8.73 
8.74 
8.76 
8.76 
8.73 
8.70 
8.72 
8.69 
8.66 
8.62 
8.59 
8.61 
8.66 
8.67 
3.61 
8.59 

9.16 
9.16 
9.16 
9.12 
9.13 
9.10 
9.04 
9.10 
9.04 
9.01 
9.04 
9.06 
9.07 
9.08 
9.06 
9.02 
9.04 
9.02 
8.96 
8.94 
8.88 
8.89 
8.92 
8.94 
8.90 

9.22 
9.22 
9.18 
9.14 
9.16 
9.12 
9.05 
9.10 
9.05 
9.02 
9.05 
9.07 
9.08 
9.10 
9.07 
9.03 
9.05 
9.02 
8.97 
8.94 
8.97 
8.89 
8.92 
8.94 
8.90 
S.90 

9.27 
9.27 
9. 23 
9.18 
9.20 
9.16 
9.09 
9.15 
9.09 
9.06 
9.09 
9.12 
9. 13 
9.14 
9.11 
9.07 
9.10 
9.07 
9.03 
9.  00 
8.93 
8.  96 
9.00 
9.03 
8.97 
8.97 

9.34 

o 

9.33 

4 

9.29 

5 

9.25 

G 

9.26 

9.23 

8 

9.16 

'.) 

9.22 

11 

9.16 

12 

9.13 

13 

9.17 

14 

9.20 

15 

9.21 

16 

9.  22 

1-      

9.19 

19 

9.15 

20 

9.18 

21 

9.14 

22 

9.11 

23 

9.08 

25 

9.01 

26 

9.04 

27 

9.08 

28 

9.10 

29 

9.05 

30 

9.0j 

*  Nominal. 


454  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (hid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  189S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

1886. 
Nov.      1 

8.46 
8.47 
8.41 
8.41 
8.43 
8.41 
8.44 
8.41 
8.46 
8.52 
8.59 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 
8.69 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 
8.63 

(t) 
8.70 

(*) 

(*) 

8.50 
8.51 
8.45 
8.45 
8.47 
8.45 
8.47 
8.44 
8.48 
8.54 
8.64 
8.70 
8.76 
8.66 
8.67 
8.69 
8.71 
8.75 
8.67 
8.69 
8.64 
(t) 
8.70 
8.68 
8.66 
8.66 

8.60 
8.60 
8.54 
8.54 
8.56 
8.54 
8.56 
8.53 
8.58 
8.63 
8.73 
8.79 
8.86 
8.75 
8.76 
8.79 
8.82 
8.85 
8.78 
8.80 
8.74 
(t) 
8.79 
8.77 
8.74 
8.74 

8.70 
8.71 
8.65 
8.64 
8.67 
8.65 
8.67 
8.64 
8.68 
8.74 
8.84 
8.90 
8.97 
8.86 
8.88 
8.91 
8.94 
8.97 
8.90 
8.92 

'  8.86 

It) 
8.91 
8.88 
8.85 
8.85 

8.89 
(t) 

8.83 
8.85 
8.84 
8.79 
8.85 
8.81 
8.85 
8.89 
9.02 
9.06 
9.11 
9.03 
9.00 
9.02 
9.06 
9.07 
9.01 
9.03 
8.98 
(t) 
9.06 
9.01 
9.07 

8.95 

(t) 
8.89 
8.90 
8.88 
8.84 
8.91 
8.87 
8.91 
8.94 
9.06 
9.09 
9.14 
9.06 
9.  02 
9.05 
9.10 
9.13 
9.04 
9.06 
9.01 

(t) 
9.04 
9.04 
9.08 
9.09 

9.03 
(t) 

8.97 
8.98 
8.96 
8.93 
8.99 
8.94 
8.99 
9.02 
9.13 
9.18 
9.24 
9.15 
9.12 
9.14 
9.21 
9.23 
9.15 
9.17 
9.12 
(t) 
9.14 
9.13 
9.15 
9.14 

9.11 

2 

(t) 
9.06 

3 

4 

9.07 

5 

6 

9.06 
9.02 

8 

9.09 

9 

9.04 

10 

9.09 

11 

9.12 

12 

9.23 

13 

9.28 

15 

9  34 

16 

9.25 

17 

9.23 

18 

9.25 

19 

9.31 

20 

9.33 

22 

9.25 

23 

9.28 

24 

9.23 

25 

(t) 
9.25 

26 

27 

9.24 

29 

9.25 

30 

9. 24 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

8.67 
8.73 
8.72 
8.82 
9.00 
9.01 
9.12 
9.23 
9.18 
9.09 
9.09 
9.14 
9.07 
9.12 
9.01 
8.99 
8.95 
8.93 
9.10 
9.00 
9.00 
(t) 
9.06 
8.99 
9.05 

8.74 
8.82 
8.81 
8.90 
9.09 
9.09 
9.20 
9.31 
9.27 
9.17 
9.16 
9.22 
9.15 
9.19 
9.12 
9.06 
9.00 
8.97 
9.16 
9.06 

8.85 
8.93 
8.91 
8.99 
9.17 
9.18 
9.29 
9.40 
9.36 
9.26 
9.25 
9.32 
9.24 
9.28 
9.22 
0.17 
9.12 
9.09 
9.27 
9.18 

8.97 
9.04 
9.02 
9.10 
9.28 
9.29 
9.41 
9.52 
9.48 
9.38 
9.37 
9.44 
9.36 
9.40 
9.34 
9.30 
9.24 
9.21 
9.40 
9.33 
9.29 
(t) 
9.31 
9.26 
9.31 
9.37 
9.38 

9.10 
9.15 
9.16 
9.  22 
9!  38 
9.36 
9.43 

9.16 
9.22 
9.21 
9.27 
9.44 
9.41 
9.48 

9.25 
9.31 
9.30 
9.36 
9.54 
9.51 
9.58 
9.78 
9.69 
9.60 
9.58 
9.66 
9.54 
9.60 
9.56 
9.52 
9.47 
9.43 
9.56 
9.51 
9.51 
(t) 
9.51 
9.43 
9.51 
9.59 
9.60 

9.35 

2 

9.42 

3 

9.40 

4 

9.46 

6 

9.64 

7 

9.61 

8 

9.68 

9 

9. 64             9. 68 

9.88 

10 

9.54 
9.47 
9.44 
9.51 
9.37 
9.45 
9.42 
9.37 
9.34 
9.29 
9.42 
9.36 
9.36 
(t) 
9.36 
9.38 
9.37 
9.46 

9.58 
9.49 
9.48 
9.54 
9.42 
9.49 
9.45 
9.41 
9.37 
9.33 
9.46 
9.39 
9.39 
(t) 
9.39 
9.38 
9.40 
9.47 
9.49 

9.80 

11 

9.71 

13 

9.69 

14 

9.77 

15 

9.66 

16 

9.72 

17 

9.68 

18 

9.64 

20 

9.58 

21 

9.54 

22 

9.69 

23 

9.62 

24 

9.  07             9. 1 H 

9.62 

25 

(t) 
9.08 
9.02 
9.06 
9.13. 
9.14 

(t) 
9.18 
9.13 
9.18 
9.24 
9.25 

(t) 

27 

9.63 

28 

9.60 

29 

9.63 

30 

9.71 

31 

9.72 

*  TJnniinal, 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES."  455 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1887. 

(t) 
9.17 
9.15 
9.15 
9.15 
9.12 

(t) 
9.08 
9.08 
9.14 
9.12 
9.08 
9.10 
9.03 
9.02 
9.09 
9.03 
9.05 
9.03 
8.97 
9.  (12 
8.98 
8.97 
8.89 

(*) 

0) 
9.27 
9.  24 
9.24 
9.24 
9.20 

(t) 
9.15 
9.13 
9.18 
9.15 
9.11 
9.12 
9.04 
9.03 
9.08 
9.02 
9.05 
9.03 
8.97 
9.01 
8.99 
8.96 
8.90 
8.88 
8.85 

(t) 
9.41 
9.37 
9.38 
9.37 
9.33 

(t) 
9.28 
9.26 
9.31 
9.  28 
9.24 
9.25 
9.17 
9.15 
9.21 
9.14 
9.15 
9.17 
9.09 
9.13 
9.10 
8.99 
9.02 
8.95 
8.90 

(t) 

9.53 
9.50 
9.51 
9.50 
9.46 
(t) 
9.41 
9.39 
9.44 
9.41 
9.37 
9.38 
9.29 
9.27 
9.33 
9.26 
9.26 
9.28 
9.21 
9.25 
9.22 
9.21 
9.13 
9.06 
9.01 

(t) 
9.  54 
9.  5  t 
9.53 
9.50 
9.47 
9.44 
9.43 
9.42 
9.46 
9.45 
9.43 
9.44 
9.41 
9.38 
9.42 
9.38 
9.40 
9.42 
9.37 
9.40 
9.40 
9.38 
9.33 
9.33 

(t) 
9.64 
9.61 
9.61 
9.58 
9.56 
9.54 
9.50 
9.49 
9.53 
9.51 
9.49 
9.50 
9.44 
9.41 
9.45 
9.40 
9.40 
9.42 
9.37 
9.40 
9.40 
9.38 
9.33 
9.32 
9.27 

(t) 
9.75 
9.73 
9.73 
9.70 
9.67 
9.65 
9.61 
9.61 
9.65 
9.63 
9.60 
9.61 
9.55 
9.52 
9.56 
9.51 
9.51 
9.53 
9.47 
9.50 
9.50 
9.48 
9.40 
9.37 
9.30 

(t) 
9.87 

3 

4 

9.84 

5 

9.84 

6 

9.81 

7 

9.78 

8 

9.75 

10 

9.72 

11 

9.  7u 

12 

9.75 

13 

9.73 

14 

9.70 

15 

9.71 

17 

9.65 

18 

9.62 

19 

9.67 

20 

9.61 

2] 

9.  02 

22 

9.64 

24 

9.58 

25 

9.60 

20 

9.60 

27 

9.58 

28 

9.50 

29 

9.47 

31 

9.39 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May- 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb.       1 

8.80 
8.89 
8.82 
8.92 
8.93 
8.86 
8.94 
8.98 
8.89 
8.94 
8.93 
8.96 
8.98 
8.98 
8.98 
9.03 
9.07 
9.04 
(t) 
9.02 
9.06 
9.06 
9.06 

8.93 
9.01 
8.92 
9.02 
9.01 
8.96 
8.98 
9.07 
9.00 
9.06 
9.05 
9.08 
9.01 
9.02 
9.00 
9.06 
9.09 
9.05 
(t) 
9.03 
9.06 
9.06 
9.06 
9.05 

9.0i 
9.11 
9.02 
9.12 
9.12 
9.04 
9.08 
9.18 
9.11 
9.18 
9.17 
9.20 
9.13 
9.14 
9.12 
9.18 
9.21 
9.16 
(t) 
9.15 
9.17 
9.18 
9.18 
9.15 

9.15 
9.22 
9.13 
9.22 
9.22 
9.15 
9.18 
9.29 
9.22 
9.28 
9.27 
9.31 
9.24 
9.25 
9.23 
9.29 
9.32 
9.27 
(t> 
9.26 
9.  28 
9.29 
9.29 
9.26 

9.33 
9.39 
9.36 
9.41 
9.39 
9.35 
9.40 
9.47 
9.42 
9.46 
9.49 
9.49 
9.43 
9.45 
9.41 
9.46 
9.50 
9.45 
(t) 
9.43 
9.43 
9.46 
9.47 
9.44 

9.36 
9.41 
9.38 
9.43 
9.41 
9.36 
9.41 
9.49 
9.44 
9.47 
9.50 
9.50 
9.44 
9.46 
9.4:i 
9.47 
9.51 
9.46 
(t) 
9.43 
9.44 
9.46 
9.47 
9.52 

9.46 
9.51 
9.47 
9.52 
9.50 
9.46 
9.51 
9.59 
9.53 
9.57 
9.60 
9.59 
9.53 
9.55 
9.52 
9.56 
9.60 
9.55 
(t) 
9.53 
9.55 
9.56 
9.55 
9.61 

9  54 

2 

9.60 

3 

9  56 

4 

9  59 

5 

9  57 

7 

9  53 

8 

9  58 

9 

9  67 

10 

9  61 

11 

9  65 

12 

9  68 

14 

9  67 

15 

9  61 

16 

9  63 

17 

9  60 

18 

9  64 

19 

9  67 

21 

9  63 

22 

(t) 
9  62 

23 

24 

9.64 

25 

26 

28 

9.70 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


456  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futiues"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1S80  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Jnne 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1887. 
\Tar       1     

9.05 
9.05 
9.12 

(t) 
9.23 
9.28 
9.20 
9.25 
9.30 
9.24 
9.27 
9.28 
9.33 
9.43 
9.48 
9.48 
9.45 
9.60 
9.57 
9.66 
9.75 
9.75 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

9.16 
9.17 
9.26 
(t) 
9.37 
9.41 
9.35 
9.41 
9.43 
9.37 
9.38 
9.37 
9.43 
9.50 
9.52 
9.55 
9.51 
9.69 
9.63 
9.75 
9.83 
9.83 
10.04 
10.10 
10.20 
10.12 
10.25 

9.27 
9.27 
9.36 
(t) 
9.48 
9.52 
9.47 
9.53 
9.56 
9.50 
9.51 
9.50 
9.57 
9.65 
9.66 
9.69 
9.66 
9.78 
9.74 
9.84 
9.93 
9.90 
10.07 
10.12 
10.23 
10.14 
10.  26 

9.38 

9.38 

9.46 

(t) 

9.59 

9.64 

9.58 

9.65 

9.68 

9.52 

9.63 

9.62 

9.69 

9.79 

9.81 

9.84 

9.81 

9.93 

9.88 

9.99 

10.07 

10.04 

10.22 

10.26 

10.  36 

10.27 

10.40 

9.47 
9.47 
9.54 
9.63 
9.73 
9.80 
9.74 
9.81 
9.83 
9.79 
9.75 
9.78 
9.87 
9.93 
9.94 
9.96 
9.93 
10.09 
10.04 
10.11 
10.  21 
10.20 
10.36 
10.39 
10.46 
10.38 

9.55 
9.55 
9.60 
9.67 
9.76 
9.82 
9.77 
9.84 
9.87 
9.83 
9.79 
9.80 
9.89 
9.95 
9.97 
10.02 
9.98 
10.12 
10.07 
10.14 
10.23 
10.20 
10.36 
10.39 
10.46 
10.38 
10.49 

9.64 
9.64 
9.69 
9.76 
9.84 
9.90 
9.84 
9.91 
9.93 
9.88 
9.85 
9.85 
9.91 
9.99 
10.01 
10.06 
10.01 
10.15 
10.09 
10.15 
10.24 
10.  21 
10.38 
10.39 
10.47 
10.38 
10.49 

9.73 

2 

9  73 

3    

9  78 

4 

9  84 

5 

9  92 

7 

9.98 

8    

9  92 

9 

9.98 

10    

10  01 

11 

9  96 

12 

9  92 

14       

9  93 

15 

9  99 

16 

10  07 

17    

10  08 

10  14 

19 

10  09 

21 

10  23 

22     

10  17 

23 

10  24 

24 

10.32 

25 

10  29 

26 

10  48 

28 

10  49 

29 

10  56 

30 

10  47 

31 

10.60 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

10.29 

10.28 

10.15 

10.14 

10.08 

10.20 

(t) 

10.  26 

10.27 

10.26 

10.24 

10.29 

10.28 

10.27 

10.22 

10.21 

10.19 

10.14 

10.09 

10.06 

in.  L3 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.30 

10.29 

10.16 

10.16 

10.09 

10.22 

(0 

10.27 

10.32 

10.28 

10.24 

10.31 

10.30 

10.30 

10.22 

10.20 

10.  20 

10.15 

10.10 

10.09 

10.16 

10.19 

10.29 

10.36 

10.36 

10.45 

10.43 

10.42 

10.28 

10.29 

10.22 

10.35 

(t) 

10.40 

10.46 

10.42 

10.39 

10.46 

10.44 

10.45 

10.36 

10.34 

10.24 

10.28 

10.22 

10.  21 

10.29 

10. 32 

10.40 

10.48 

10.47 

10.56 

10.57 

10.55 

10.42 

10.  43 

10.37 

10.49 

(t) 

10.55 

10.61 

10.58 

10.54 

10.62 

10.61 

10.61 

10.52 

10.50 

10. 49 

10.44 

10.38 
10.38 
10.45 
10.  48 
10.55 
10.62 
10.62 
10.70 

10.51 
10.57 
10.49 
10.50 
10.42 
10.50 
(1) 

10.57 
10.67 
10.61 
10.60 
10.63 
10.60 
10.64 
10.58 
10.56 
10.56 
10.57 
'  10.  51 
10.50 
10.55 
10.56 
10.60 
10.  67 
10.69 

10.50 

10.55 

10.46 

10.45 

10.38 

10.44 

(1) 

10.51 

10.59 

10.57 

10.54 

10.56 

10.53 

10.56 

10.50 

10.47 

10.49 

10. 47 

10.42 

10.41 

10.46 

10.46 

10.51 

10.57 

10.  59 

10.70 

10.59 

10.64 

10.5* 

10.53 

10.45 

10.51 

(t) 

10.57 

10.67 

10.  61 

10.60 

10.63 

10.62 

10.64 

10.58 

10.56 

10.  57 

10.55 

10.50 

10.49 

10.54 

10.55 

10.58 

10.64 

10.67 

10.77 

10  67 

2 

10  73 

4 

5 

10.62 
10.61 

6 

10.53 

7 

10.58 

8 

(t) 
10.65 

9 

11    

10  74 

12 

10.71 

13 

10.66 

14 

10.68 

15 

10.69 

16 

10.71 

18 

10.65 

19 

10.  62 

20 

10.63 

21 

10.62 

22 

10.56 

23 

10.55 

25 

10.60 

26 

10.61 

27 

10.65 

28 

10.71 

29 

10.73 

30 

10.82 

'  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  457 

Dailj  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1880  to  189S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

1887 
May       2    

10.37 

10.39 

10.47 

10.49 

10.49 

10.49 

10.40 

10.37 

10.44 

10.39 

10.41 

10.48 

10.47 

10.48 

10.56 

10.59 

10.57 

1".  55 

10.58 

10.60 

10.53 

10.61 

(*) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.48 

10.49 

10.  56 

10.59 

10.58 

10.59 

10.51 

10.47 

10.53 

10.49 

10.52 

10.54 

10.54 

10.55 

10.63 

10.63 

10.  60 

10.56 

10.59 

10.62 

10.52 

10.61 

10.62 

(t) 

(t) 

10.67 

10.62 

10.  62 

10.67 

10.60 

10.68 

10.70 

10.  57 

10.57 

10.  63 

10.58 

111.  01 

10.62 

10.  62 

10.64 

10.70 

10.73 

10.70 

10.66 

10.68 

10.71 

10.63 

10.71 

10.74 

(t) 

(t) 

10.79 

10.60 

10.60 

10.64 

10.67 

10.67 

10.66 

10.54 

10.54 

10.60 

10.54 

10.58 

10.59 

10.59 

10.61 

10.69 

10.73 

10.70 

10.66 

10.08 

10.72 

10.66 

10.72 

10.78 

(t) 

(t) 

10.97 

10.64 
10.58 
10.72 

10.81 
10.83 

10.74 

10.70 

10. 72 

10.67 

10. 69 

10.71 

10.76 

10.78 

10.84 

10.86 

10.86 

10.85 

10.  90 

10.96 

10.95 

11.06 

11.27 

(t) 

(t) 

10.72 
10.65 
10.79 
10.87 

10.88 

10.88 

10.80 

10.76 

10.79 

10.75 

10.79 

10.79 

10.81 

10.82 

10.87 

10.93 

10.90 

10.89 

10.91 

10.07 

10.96 

11.07 

11.27 

(t) 

ft) 

11.45 

10.77 
10.70 

10.81 

10.83 

10.86 

10.87 

10.79 

10.74 

10.78 

10.76 

10.80 

10.81 

10.82 

10.84 

10.89 

10.  94 

10.93 

10. 92 

10.95 

11.01 

11.00 

11.10 

11.29 

(t) 

(t) 

11.46 

10.83 

3 

10.76 

4 

10.86 

5 

10.87 

6 

10.88 

7 

10.89 

9 

10.79 

10 

10.77 

11 

10.80 

12 

10.77 

13 

10.82 

14 

10.83 

16 

10.84 

17    

10.86 

18 

10.91 

IB      

10.97 

20 

10.95 

•J  L 

10.94 

23 

10.98 

•) 

11.04 

•_'j 

11.04 

JC, 

11.14 

27 

11.31 



(t) 

30 

(t) 

31 

11.47 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

10.62 
10.  62 
10,  68 
10.73 

10.78 

in.  77 

10.78 

(*) 

(*) 

10.80 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

10.40 

(   > 
(*) 
<*> 
1    1 
(*) 
10.28 

<*) 

10.  74 

10.74 
10. 79 
10.84 
10.86 
10.83 
10.84 
10.73 
10.84 
10.85 
10.79 
10.68 
10.61 
10.  67 
10.50 
10.39 
10.31 
10.  34 
10.  21 
10.18 
10. 31 
10.41 
10.  30 
10.26 
10.25 
10.25 

10.79 
10.79 
10.84 
10.89 
10.93 
10.89 
10.89 
10.78 
10.86 
10.87 
10.81 
10.70 
10.63 
10.  CO 
10.52 
10.39 
10.30 
10.32 
10.  1!) 
M.17 
10.27 

10.27 
10.26 
10.27 
10.28 

10.45 

10.45 

10.50 

10.55 

10.  57 

10.55 

10.54 

10.40 

10.47 

10.46 

10.40 

10.30 

10.23 

10.29 

10.12 

9.95 

9.  89 

9.91 

9.72 

9.69 

9.79 

0.  86 

9.77 

9.76 

9.  7ti 

9.76 

11.34 
11.39 
11.39 
11.38 
11.39 
11.32 
11.28 
11.09 
11.22 
11.24 
11.13 
11.00 
10.98 
11.09 
10.95 
10.84 
10.76 
10.76 
10.65 
10.65 
10.71 
10.80 
10.79 
10.79 

11.34 
11.42 
11.42 
11.40 
11.37 
11.34 
11.30 
11.11 
11.23 
11.27 
11.19 
11.05 
11.04 
11.14 
11.00 
10.85 
10.78 
10.78 
10.  66 
10.68 
10.  72 
10.82 
10.81 
10.  70 
10.88 
10.90 

11.34 
11.43 
11.44 
11.44 
11.40 
11.36 
11.32 
11.14 
11.28 
11.33 
11.25 
11.11 
11.10 
11.19 
11.05 
10.90 
10.  33 
10.83 
10.72 
10.74 
10.77 
10.88 
10.90 
10.87 
10.98 
11.01 

10.90 

10.90 

3 

10.99 

4 

11.00 

0 

11.03 

11.03 

8 

11.03 

9 

10.85 

10 

10.96 

11 

10.92 

13 

10. 82 

14 

10.69 

15 

10.66 

10 

10.75 

17 

10.59 

18 

10. 50 

20 

10.40 

2J 

10.45 

22 

10.34 

23 

10.31 

24 

10.35 

25 

10.43 

-7 

10. 42 

28 

10.41 

29  .   . 

10.  42 

30  ... 

10.40 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


458  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1S90  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1887. 
July       1    

10.22 

(t) 

(t) 
9.96 
9.90 
9.97 
9.99 
9.93 
9.63 
9.63 
9.53 
9.54 
9.54 
9.58 
9.49 
9.57 
9.60 
9.56 
9.58 
9.53 
9.40 
9.41 
9.46 

(*) 

(*) 

10.25 
(t) 
(t) 
9.97 
9.91 
9.97 
9.95 
9.89 
9.61 
9.60 
9.54 
9.54 
9.54 
9.59 
9.48 
9.55 
9.59 
9.55 
9.54 
9.50 
9.34 
9.38 
9.45 
9.37 
9.25 
9.16 

9.76 

(t) 

ft) 

9.50 
9.45 
9.49 
9.45 
9.39 
9.25 
9.23 
9.19 
9.23 
9.23 
9.23 
9.14 
9.20 
9.23 
9.18 
9.14 
9.09 
8.95 
8.97 
9.01 
8.90 
8.83 
8.86 

9.38 

(t) 

<t) 

9.22 

9.18 

9.22 

9.19 

9.13 

9.04 

9.01 

8.98 

9.01 

9.03 

9.05 

9.00 

9.05 

9.09 

9.03 

8.99 

8.95 

8.82 

8.83 

8.83 

8.77 

8.70 

8.75 

10.90 

(t) 

(t) 

10.71 

10.66 

10.69 

10.69 

10.66 

10.48 

10.19 

10.23 

10.20 

10.13 

10.15 

10.05 

10.18 

10.23 

10.21 

10.20 

10-.  20 

10.20 

10.17 

10.25 

10.30 

11.02 
(t) 

ft) 

10.76 
10.71 
10.73 
10.74 
10.70 
10.51 
10.21 
10.26 
10.26 
10.18 
10.22 
10.07 
10.23 
10.25 
10.22 
10.  21 
10.21 
10.21 
10.15 
10.23 
10.  22 
9.91 
9.80 

10.38 
(t) 
(t) 

10.12 
10.03 
10.07 
10.03 
9.99 
9.86 
9.61 
9.67 
9.72 
9.72 
9.73 
9.68 
9.73 
9.70 
9.66 
9.66 
9.66 
9.51 
9.51 
9.55 
9.40 
9.28 
9.33 

9.91 

2 

(t) 

4 

tt) 

5 

9.74 

6 

9.71 

7 

9.74 

8 

9.73 

9 

9.69 

11 

9.59 

12 

9.46 

13 

9.52 

14    .. 

9.54 

15 

9.56 

16 

9.57 

18 

9.53 

19 

9.59 

20 

9.54 

21 

9.50 

22 

9.49 

23 

9.46 

25 

9.31 

26 

9.32 

27 

9.36 

28 

9.25 

29     . 

9.19 

30. 

9.24 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

9.21 

9.16 
9.16 
9.18 
9.14 
9.15 
9.10 
9.03 
9.02 
9.04 
9.02 
9.01 
8.98 
9.02 
9.06 
9.12 
9.20 
9.38 
9.44 
9.34 
9.35 
9.35 
9.45 
9.50 
9.60 

8.94 

8.85 
8.87 
8.90 
8.85 
8.80 
8.86 
8.85 
8.83 
8.84 
8.80 
8.77 
8.75 
8.81 
8.82 
8.81 
8.86 
9.01 
8.96 
8.91 
8.94 
8.91 
8.85 
8.91 
8.91 
8.90 
8.92 

8.82 
8.74 
8.77 
8.79 
8.75 
8.78 
8.76 
8.75 
8.73 
8.74 
8.70 
8.68 
8.66 
8.71 
8.70 
8.69 
8.74 
8.87 
8.83 
8.77 
8.79 
8.78 
8.73 
8.79 
8.79 
8.78 
8.82 

8.79 
8.71 

8.74 
8.76 
8.71 
8.75 
8.73 
8.71 
8.70 
8.70 
8.67 
8.65 
8.6,3 
8.67 
8.66 
8.66 
8.71 
8.83 
8.79 
8.74 
8.76 
8.74 
8.70 
8.75 
8.75 
8.75 
8.78 

10.00 
9.86 
9.82 
9.87 
9.80 
9.80 
9.79 
9.68 
9.57 
9.59 
9.57 
9.50 
•        9.42 
9.43 
9.42 
9.43 
9.51 
9.69 
9.64 
9.62 
9.63 
9.64 
9.35 

9.46 
9.34 
9.35 
9.39 
9.37 
9.39 
9.37 
9.33 
9.29 
9.31 
9.25 
9.23 
9.19 
9.22 
9.25 
9.26 
9.32 
9.40 
9.39 
9.38 
9.43 
9.38 
9.29 
9.36 
9.35 
9.36 
9.40 

9.36 
9.24 
9.24 
9.25 
9.25 
9.28 
9.26 
9.25 
9.20 
9.23 
9.21 
9.18 
9.16 
9.18 
9.19 
9.20 
9.26 
9.33 
9.32 
9.27 
9.29 
9.25 
9.18 
9.25 
9.23 
9.25 
9.29 

9.31 

9.19 

3 

9.19 

4 

9.25 

5 

9.20 

6 

9.24 

8 

9.20 

9 

9.19 

10 

9.16 

11 

9.18 

12 

9.15 

13 

9.12 

15 

9.10 

16 

9.12 

17 

9.22 

18 

9.13 

19 

9.18 

20 

9.24 

22 

9.23 

23 

9.19 

24 

9.21 

25 

9.19 

26 

9.14 

27 

9.20 

29 

it.  43 
9.28 
9.70 

9.18 

30 

9.20 

31 

9.24 

•  KouiiuaL 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  459 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton   "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  18S0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sr]it. 

delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Deo. 

delivery. 

1887. 
Sept.      1 

9.00 
8,  87 
8.89 
8.91 
8.95 
8.89 
8.86 
8.92 
8.96 

8.<m 

8.85 
8.87 
8.93 
8.94 
9.00 
8.95 
8.93 
8.91 
8.  B8 
8.86 
8.85 
8.75 
8.79 
8.70 
(*) 

8.91 

8.88 
8.79 
8.79 
8.84 
8.80 
8.77 
8.81 
8.86 
8.81 
8.75 
8.79 
8.81 
8.80 
8.83 
8.80 
8.78 
8.76 
8.72 
8.70 
8.69 
8.59 
8.65 
8.62 
8.62 
8.61 

8.87 
8.83 
8.75 
8.76 
8.81 
8.77 
8.74 
8.79 
8.84 
8.78 
8.75 
8.76 
8.78 
8.78 
8.80 
8.77 
8.76 
8.73 
8.70 
8.70 
8.68 
8.59 
8.64 
8.61 
8.01 
8.60 

8.89 
8.86 
8.79 
8.79 
8.84 
8.80 
8.78 
8.82 
8.87 
8.81 
8.78 
8.80 
8.81 
8.81 
8.83 
8.80 
8.79 
8.76 
8.73 
8.72 
8.70 
8.  62 
8.68 
8.64 
8.65 
8.64 

9.48 

9.50 

9.41 

(t) 

9.47 

9.40 

9.41 

9.45 

9.50 

9.43 

9.41 

9.37 

9.39 

9.40 

9.47 

9.49 

9.56 

9.50 

9.46 

9.42 

9.39 

9.32 

9.36 

9.40 

9.40 

9.35 

9.  35 
9. 25 
(t) 
9.31 
9.29 
9.  25 
9.28 
9.35 
9.29 
9.27 
9.28 
9.30 
9.30 
9.33 
9.29 
9.32 
9.30 
9.28 
9.29 
9.28 
9.22 
9.22 
'.).  22 
9.22 
9.23 

9.29 
9.29 
9.18 
(t) 
9.  25 
9.  22 
9.19 
9. 22 
9!  30 
9.25 
9.23 
9.24 
9.27 
9.27 
9.29 
9.25 
9.24 
9.25 
9.22 
9.22 
9.22 
9.15 
9.17 
9.15 
9.16 
9.17 

9.29 

:i   

9.29 
9.18 

5 

(t) 

C 

9.25 

7 

9.  22 

8 

9.  19 

9 

9.  22 

10 

9.30 

12     

9.  25 

13 

9.  23 

14 

9.24 

15 

9.28 

16 

9.  28 

17 

9.31 

19 

9.27 

20 

9.26 

■j  I    

9.26 

•  >.) 

9.2! 

23       

9.  22 

•n 

9.  22 

26 

9.14 

27 

9.17 

28 

9.15 

29 

9.15 

9.17 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct         1 

8.55 
8.57 
8.62 
8.64 
8.69 
8.72 
8.78 
8.76 
8.74 
8.80 
8.95 
8.99 
8.92 
8.86 
8.88 
8.99 
9.07 
9.04 
8.98 
8.99 
9.03 
8.83 
9.04 
9.01 

8.55 
8.57 
8.62 
8.62 
8.67 
8.70 
8.75 
8.74 
8.70 
8.77 
8.91 
8.96 
8.88 
8.83 
8.86 
8.96 
9.00 
8.97 
8.91 
8.91 
8.94 
8.99 
8.  97 
8.92 
8.91 
9.00 

8.59 
8.61 
8.67 
8.67 
8.71 
8.74 
8.80 
8.79 
8.75 
8.82 
8.97 
9.02 
8.93 
8.88 
8.90 
9.01 
9.05 
9.02 
8.96 
8.96 
8.99 
9.  04 
9.02 
8.97 
8.96 
9.05 

8.68 
8.70 
8.76 
8.76 
8.80 
8.83 
8.90 
8.89 
8.85 
8.92 
9.07 
9.12 
9.03 
8.98 
9.00 
9.11 
9.15 
9.  12 
9.06 
9.06 
9.08 
9.  14 
9.12 
9.07 
9.06 
9.15 

9.16 
9.16 
9.21 
9.  23 
9.28 
9.33 
9.37 
9.36 
9.35 
9.42 
9.56 
9.68 
9.62 
9.64 
9.63 
9.74 
9.80 
9.79 
9.77 
9.73 
9.70 
9.76 
9.86 
9.88 

9.10 
9.12 
9.17 
9.20 
,      9.24 
9.26 
9.30 
9.29 
9.26 
9.33 
9.49 
9.56 
9.51 
9.47 
9.47 
9.60 
9.63 
9.63 
9.61 
9.57 
9.56 
9.61 
9.64 
9.59 
9.58 
9.62 

9.10 
9.13 
9.18 
9.20 
9.24 
9.26 
9.30 
9.30 
9.27 
9.33 
9.50 
9.56 
9.50 
9.45 
9.45 
9.58 
9.62 
9.62 
9.58 
9.55 
9.52 
9.  60 
9.61 
9.57 
9.54 
9.60 

9.16 

3 

9.19 

4 

9.24 

9.26 

6 

9.30 

7 

9.33 

8 

9.37 

10 

9.37 

11    

9.  34 

12 

9.39 

13 

9.57 

14 >..- 

15 

9.61 
9.54 

17 

9.49 

is    

9.51 

19 

9.63 

20 

9.64 

21 

9.65 

22 

9.61 

•J4 

9.58 

25 

9.  56 

26 

9.  63 

27 

9.  64 

28 

9.60 

29 

9.59 

31 

9.64 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


460  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Neiv  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1887. 

8.99 
8.99 
8.95 
9.00 
9.15 
9.33 
9.33 
9.50 
9.79 
9.62 
9.66 
9.63 
9.51 
9.64 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(t) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

9.04 
9.04 
9.00 
9.04 
9.20 
9.39 
9.38 
9.57 
9.86 
9.73 
9.74 
9.70 
9.56 
9.69 
9.57 
9.62 
9.55 
9.53 
9.63 
9.71 
(t) 
9.78 
9.82 
9.76 
9.87 
9.90 

9.14 

9.14 
9.09 
9.14 
9.30 
9.48 
9.47 
9.66 
9.96 
9.82 
9.83 
9.80 
9.65 
9.79 
9.67 
9.72 
9.65 
9.54 
9.74 
9.84 

(t) 
9.90 
9.92 
9.86 
9.96 

10.04 

9.25 

9.24 
9.20 
9.25 
9.40 
9.59 
9.58 
9.76 
10.06 
9.92 
9.94 
9.90 
9.76 
9.89 
9.78 
9.83 
9.76 
9.75 
9.85 
9.95 
(t) 

10.02 
10.03 
9.97 
10.07 
10.15 

9.65 
9.64 
9.57 
9.61 
9.84 
9.93 

(t). 

10.10 

10.51 

10.32 

10.37 

10.36 

10.27 

10.38 

10.29 

10.38 

10.30 

10.27 

10.36 

10.42 

(t) 

10.47 

10.46 

10.42 

10.48 

9.63 
9.62 
9.55 
9.60 
9.82 
9.90 

V) 

10.08 

10.49 

10.  30 

10.33 

10.33 

10.22 

10.  33 

10.24 

10.33 

10.22 

10.21 

10.30 

10.36 

(t) 

10.44 

10. 42 

10.40 

10.47 

10.55 

9.67 
9.66 
9.61 
9.66 
9.90 
9.97 
(t) 

10.16 
10.57 
10.40 
10.41 
10.40 
10.30 
10.40 
10.  31 
10.40 
10.30 
10.28 
10.37 
10.44 

(t) 

10.52 
10.50 
10.  48 
10.56 
10.64 

9.74 

2 

9.73 

3     

9.68 

4 

9.73 

5     

9.96 

7 

10.04 

8        

(t) 
10.23 

9 

Hi 

10.64 

11    . 

10.46 

12 

10.48 

14 

10.47 

15 

10.36 

1G 

10.46 

17 

10.38 

18 

10.47 

19 

10.37 

21 

10.35 

10.43 

23 

10.51 

24 

(t) 
10.60 

25 

26 

10.56 

28 

10.54 

29 

10.64 

30  ... 

10.72 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

9.98 
9.93 
9.73 
9.72 
9.72 
9.79 
9.71 
9.73 
9.77 
9.86 
9.84 
9.90 
9.85 
9.86 
9.84 
9.78 
9.75 
9.76 
9.80 
9.83 

(t) 

(t) 
9.89 
9.89 

(*) 

10.05 

10.03 
9.81 
9.80 
9.80 
9.87 
9.77 
9.81 
9.83 
9.94 
9.91 

10.00 
9.93 
9.96 
9.93 
9.84 
9.81 
9.81 
9.85 
9.88 

(t) 

(t) 
9.91 
9.89 
9.91 
9.90 

(t) 

10.16 

10.13 

9.92 

9.91 

9.91 

9.99 

9.89 

9.93 

9.95 

10.07 

10.04 

10.14 

10.07 

10.  09 

10.07 

9.97 

9.95 

9.95 

9.98 

10.02 

(t) 

(t) 

10. 04 
10.03 
10.  05 
10.04 
(t) 

10.28 

10.24 

10.03 

10.03 

10.03 

10.11 

10.01 

10.04 

10.07 

10.19 

10.16 

10. 26 

10. 19 

10.22 

10.  20 

10.10 

10.08 

10.08 

10.12 

10.15 

(t) 

(t) 

in.  18 

10.  10 

10.  is 

10.17 

(t) 

10.62 

10.57 

10.43 

10.40 

10.36 

10.43 

10.36 

10.35 

10.41 

10.49 

10.46 

10.57 

10.52 

10.  52 

10.48 

10.42 

10.40 

10.  35 

10.36 

10.46 

(') 

(t) 

10.69 

10.  65 

10.50 

10.48 

10.43 

10.51 

10.45 

10.43 

10.49 

10.58 

10.55 

10.  64 

10.57 

10.58 

10.54 

10.48 

10.47 

10.42 

10.40 

10.50 

(t) 

(t) 

10.49 

1 0.  52 

10.54 

10.52 

(t) 

10.76 

10.73 

10.58 

10.56 

10.51 

10.59 

10.53 

10.52 

10.58 

10.68 

10.  65 

fo.74 

10.67 

10.68 

10.65 

10.58 

10.58 

10.;,:; 

10.53 

10.63 

(t) 

(t) 

10.63 

10.  63 

10.68 

10.63 

(t) 

10.83 

o 

10.80 

3 

10.65 

10.63 

0 

10.59 

7 

10.68 

8 

10.61 

9 

10.61 

10 

10.66 

12 

10.77 

13 

10.74 

14 

10. 83 

15 

10.77 

16 

10.78 

17 

10.74 

19 

10.08 

20 

10.68 

21 

10.  63 

22 

10.64 

23 

10.74 

21 

(t) 
(D 
10.74 

26 

27 

28 

10.48 

10.74 

29 

10.78 

30 

10.74 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(1) 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  " FUTURES."  461 

Daily  (bid)  price*  of  cotton  •■future*"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SSO  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

April 
delivery. 

Jan . 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

April 
delivery. 

1888. 

(t) 

"1.84 
D.  79 
9.  Tit 
9.80 
9.  70 
9.61 
ii.  •;•_• 
9.73 

9.  72 
9.68 

li.  Til 
9.85 
9.80 
9.78 

11.  82 

9.84 
9.86 
9.  86 
ii  86 
9.92 
9. 11.'! 
11.  .-s 
9.88 

(t) 
9.99 
9.  94 
9.94 
9.94 
9.  84 
9.74 
9.  74 
9.  SI 
9.78 
9.  7.'. 
9.88 
9.97 
9.90 
9.86 
9.90 
9.88 

9.111) 
9.  90 
9,11(1 
9.  Ill 
9.  9  I 
9.92 
9.92 
9.91 
9.87 

(t) 

10.12 
10.07 
10.08 
10.08 
9.98 
9.88 
9.87 
9.95 
9.92 
9.89 
10.01 
10.10 
10.03 

10. (M) 
10.04 
L0.02 
10.04 
10.04 
10.04 
10.08 
10.09 
10.05 
10.  OS 
10.04 
9.95 

(t) 
10.24 

1(1.  19 

10.20 

in. -Jl 

1(1.  10 

Ki.di 

lll.MII 

10.08 
10. 05 
10.01 
l(i.  1  1 
10.22 
10. 15 
Id.  1'.' 
10.  It) 
10.14 
lo.  IS 
10.15 
10.14 
10.  IS 
10.  19 
10.14 
lo.  12 
10.12 
10.03 

(t) 

10.48 
10.40 
10.  11 
10.40 
10.32 
10.20 
10.  21 
10.31 
10.28 
10.31 

io.  ::it 
10.  52 

io.  52 

10.40 
10.54 
10.51' 
10.  50 
10.53 
10.50 
10.54 
10.61 
10,58 
10.55 
10.56 

(t) 

10.59 

L0.62 

10.52 

10.   19 
10.41 
10.  28 
10.29 
10.41 
10.37 
10.38 
10.45 
10.66 
10.58 
10.52 
10.58 
in,  56 
Hi.  55 
10.57 
10.5  1 
10.  58 
10.65 

10.01 

10.  58 
10.60 
10.54 

(h 

h>. To 
10.63 
lo.  tit 
10.01 
10.53 
10.40 
10.41 
10.5.'! 
10.49 
10.49 
10.57 
10.  08 
10.  68 
10.64 
10.69 
10.68 
10.67 
10.68 
IO.  00 
10.69 
10.  75 
10.71 
10.07 
10.69 
10.64 

(t) 
10.80 

3 

4 

10.73 

10.74 

i; 

10.71 

7 

lo.  82 

9 

10.  50 

10 

10.49 

11 

10  61 

12 

10.57 

13 

10.57 

14 

10.64 

16 

In   70 

17 

10.  75 

18 

lo.Tl 

19 

10.70 

20 

10.75 

21 

10.73 

23 

10.75 

24 

10.73 

25 

10.75 

26 

10.  so 

27 

10.77 

28 

10.73 

30 

10.76 

31 

10.70 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May. 
delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May. 
delivery. 

Feb.       1 

9.88 
9.85 
9.88 
9.  84 
9.80 
9.76 
9.86 
9.94 
9,84 
9.88 
9.87 

(t) 
9.92 
9.92 
9.90 
•     9. 86 
9.82 
9.85 

(t) 
9.81 
9.88 
9.90 
9.88 

(*) 

9.97 
9.92 
9. 96 
9.91 
9.85 
9.80 
9.90 
9.99 
9.88 
9.92 
9.90 

(t) 
9.95 
9.95 
9.91 
9.87 
9.84 
9.88 

(t) 
9.84 
9.89 
9.91 
9.88 
9.84 
9.88 

10.05 

10.00 

10.  05 

9.99 

9.94 

9.88 

9.98 

10.08 

9.97 

10.01 

10.00 

(t) 

10.04 
10.04 
10.00 
9.95 
9.92 
9.95 
(t) 
9.92 
9.  96 
9.98 
9.  93 
9.90 
9.94 

10.15 
10.11 
10.15 
10.10 
10.04 
9.98 
10.09 
10.19 
10.08 
10.11 
10.10 

(t) 

10.15 

10.15 

10.10 

10.05 

10.03 

10.05 

(t) 

10.02 

10.07 

10.08 

10.03 

10.00 

10.04 

10.56 
10.53 
10.56 
10.  50 
10.45 
10.41 
10.  52 
10.60 
10.56 
10.58 
10.54 
10.56 
10.55 
10. 52' 
10.51 
10.48 
10.47 
10.47 

m 

10.43 
10.47 
10.52 
10.45 
10.40 
10.47 

10.66 

10.62 

10.  65 

10.59 

10.54 

10.49 

10.  59 

10.60 

10.61 

10.64 

10.60 

10.61 

10.61 

10.60 

10.57 

1C.  54 

10.53 

10.53 

(t) 

10.  48 

10.52 

10.56 

L0.52 

10.44 

10.55 

10.71 

10.67 

10.70 

10.64 

10.59 

10.55 

10.65 

10.72 

10.67 

10.70 

10.65 

10.67 

10.67 

10.65 

10.62 

10.59 

10.58 

10.59 

(t) 

10.55 

10.59 

10.63 

10.58 

10.52 

10.63 

10.77 

2 

10.74 

3 

10.77 

4 

10.71 

6 

10.  65 

10.61 

8 

10.  71 

9 

10.79 

10 

11 

10.72 
10.75 

13 

10.71 

14 

10.73 

15 

10.73 

16 

10.72 

17 

10.69 

18 

10.05 

20 

10.  65 

21 

10.65 

22 

(t) 
10.61 

23 

24 

10.66 

25 

10.70 

27 

10.06 

28 

10.59 

29 

10.69 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


462         DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1888. 
Mar.      1 

9.80 
9.69 
9.67 
9.49 
9.50 
9.41 
9.45 
9.50 
9.48 
9.53 
9.50 
9.41 
9.42 
9.46 
9.37 
9.36 
9.23 
9.24 
9.28 
9.25 
9.21 
9.20 
9.29 

9.88 
9.77 
9.74 
9.53 
9.57 
9.45 
9.51 
9.55 
9.50 
9.56 
9.52 
9.42 
9.44 
9.44 
9.37 
9.35 
9.23 
9.24 
9.28 
9.24 
9.21 
9.20 
9.29 
9.52 
9.38 
(t) 
(t) 

9.97 
9.87 
9.84 
9.63 
9.66 
9.55 
9.61 
9.63 
9.58 
9.65 
9.61 
9.49 
9.51 
9.51 
9.42 
9.41 
9.30 
9.29 
9.34 
9.28 
9.26 
9.25 
9.35 
9.57 
9.45 
(t) 
(t) 

10.07 
9.97 
9.94 
9.73 
9.76 
9.64 
9.70 
9.72 
9.67 
9.74 
9.70 
9.57 
9.60 
9.59 
9.49 
9.49 
9.37 
9.36 
9.41 
9.35 
9.31 
9.30 
9.39 
9.62 
9.51 

(t) 

(t) 

10.42 

10.26 

10. 23 

9.96 

10.00 

9.84 

9.96 

9.97 

9.90 

9.96 

«) 

9.78 
(I) 
9.85 
9.78 
9.81 
9.65 
9.72 
9.73 
9.64 
9.57 
9.52 
9.57 
9.77 

10.50 
10.33 
10.30 
10.01 
10.08 

9.94 
10.07 
10.06 

9.99 
10.05 

(I) 
9.86 

(t) 
9.93 
9.85 
9.85 
9.70 
9.75 
9.75 
9.66 
9.58 
9.54 
9.59 
9.78 
9.74 

(t) 

(t) 

10.58 
10.42 
10.40 
10.09 
10.18 
10.03 
10.17 
10.15 
10.09 
10.14 
(t) 
9.96 

(!) 

10.03 
9.95 
9.95 
9.80 
9.86 
9.86 
9.77 
9.69 
9.64 
9.70 
9.88 
9.84 

(t) 

(t) 

10.65 

2 

10.49 

3 

10.47 

5 

10.16 

6 

10.25 

7 

10.11 

8 

10.24 

9 

10.22 

10 

10.16 

12 

10.22 

13 

U) 
10.04 

14 

15 

(I) 
10.11 

16 

17 

10.03 

19 

10.03 

20 

9.89 

21 

9.95 

22 

9.96 

23 

9.87 

24 

9.79 

26 

9.74 

27 

9.80 

28 

9.99 

29 

9.95 

30 

(t) 
0) 

(t) 
(t) 

(t) 

31 

(t) 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

9.23 
9.  22 
9^22 
9.20 
9.17 
9.14 
9.20 
9.21 
9.22 
9.19 
9.19 
9.24 
9.24 
(t) 
9.22 
9.21 
9.21 
9.26 
9.28 
9.27 
9.30 
9.29 
9.26 
9.30 

9.26 
9.26 
9.25 
9.23 
9.19 
9.16 
9.22 
9.21 
9.24 
9.21 
9.21 

9.31 
9.30 
9.30 
9.29 
9.24 
9.21 
9.27 
9.26 
9.29 
9.26 
9.94 

9.39 
9.38 
9.38 
9.37 
9.32 
9.29 
9.35 
9.33 
9.36 
9.33 
9.30 
9.36 
9.35 
(t) 
9.33 
9.31 
9.33 
9.37 
9.38 
9.37 
9.41 
9.40 
9.39 
9.42 
9.47 

9.60 
9.57 
9.58 
9.59 
9.55 
9.52 
9.57 
9.59 
9.59 
9.55 
9.52 
9.57 
9.60 
9.56 
9.58 
9.55 
9.59 
9.61 
9.66 
9.62 
9.68 
9.68 
9.68 

9.70 
9.65 
9.66 
9.67 
9.63 
9.60 
9.65 
9.66 
9.67 
9.62 
9.59 
9.64 
9.66 
9.61 
9.63 
9.60 
9.64 
9.66 
9.68 
9.65 
9.71 
9.69 
9.68 
9.72 
9.80 

9.80 
9.75 
9.77 
9.78 
9.73 
9.70 
9.75 
'  9.77 
9.77 
9.73 
9.70 
9.75 
9.77 
9.71 
9.73 
9.70 
9.74 
9.76 
9.78 
9.75 
9.82 
9.81 
9.78 
9.83 
9,91 

9.88 

3 

9.84 

4 

9.86 

5 

9.86 

6 

9.81 

7 

9.78 

9 

9.83 

10 

9.86 

11 

9.85 

12 

9.81 

13 

9.78 

14 

9. 26            9.  30 

9.83 

16 

9.25 
(t) 
9.23 
9.23 
9.24 
9.29 
9.31 
9.28 
9.31 
9.30 
9.27 
9.31 
9.30 

9.28 
(t) 
9.25 
9.25 
9.27 
9.32 
9.34 
9.32 
9.36 
9.35 
9.33 
9.37 
9.42 

9.86 

17 

9.80 

18 

9.82 

19 

9.78 

20 

9.82 

21 

9.85 

23 

9.86 

24 

9.84 

25 

9.91 

26 

9.91 

27 

9.88 

28 

9.93 

30 

10.01 

t  Holiday. 


|  Business  suspended. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF   COTTON  "FUTURES."  463 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Xew  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

Juno 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

1  re- 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 

delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

18S8. 
May      1 

•    9.42 

9.47 

9.52 
9.47 
9.48 
9.54 
9.55 
9.52 
9.44 
9.43 
9.48 
9.42 
9.44 
9.42 
9.42 
9.44 
9.42 
9.43 
9.4* 
9.43 
9.44 
9.45 
9.45 
9.41 
9.40 
9.38 
9.39 
(t) 
9.42 

9.52 
9.47 
9.48 
9.54 
9.55 
9.52 
9.44 
9.43 
9.48 
9.42 
9.44 
9.42 
9.41 
9.44 
9.42 
9.43 
9.45 
9.43 
9.44 
9.45 
9.45 
9  41 
9.40 
9.38 
9.39 
(t) 
9.41 

9.88 
9.79 
9.81 
9.92 
9.95 
9.92 
9.84 
9.83 
9.90 
9.83 
9.86 
9.84 
9.83 
9.87 
9.83 
9.85 
9.88 
9.88 
9.89 
9.  92 
9.93 
9.89 
9.91 
9.89 

9.98 
9.89 
9.80 

10.00 

10.02 

9.99 

9.92 

10.08 
9.99 
10.00 
10.09 
10.12 
10.08 
10.01 

10.17 

9.39            9.43 
it.  41              9.  44 

9.46  9.51 

9. 47  9.53 
9.4:!             9.48 
9.33  1          9.39 
9. 35            9. 38 

10.08 

3 

10.08 

4 

10.18 

10.19 

10.15 

8 

10.08 

9 

9.  89            9.  98 

10.06 

10 

9.39 
9.33 
9.36 
9.34 
9.32 
9.37 
9.34 
9.35 
9.37 
9.37 
9.  ::8 
9.39 
9.40 
9.33 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(t) 

9.43 
9.37 
9.40 
9.37 
9.37 
9.40 
9.37 
9.37 
9.40 
9.38 
9.39 
9.40 
9.40 
9.36 
9.35 
9.34 
9.34 
(t) 
9.38 

9.96 
9.88 
9.91 
9.87 
9.86 
9.90 
9.86 
9.88 
9.91 
9.91 
9.93 
9.91 
9.95 
9.90 
9.91 
9.90 
9.91 
(t) 
9.94 

10.05 
9.98 

10.01 
9.97 
9.90 

10.00 
9.96 
9.98 

10.01 
10.01 

10.03 
10.05 
10.06 
10.00 
10.00 
9.99 
10.00 
(t) 
10.02 

10.13 

11 

10.05 

12 

10.09 

14 

10.06 

15 

10.05 

16 

10.10 

17 

10.05 

]8 

10.08 

19 

10.10 

21 

10.11 

22 

10.13 

23 

10. 15 

•J  4 

10.15 

10.09 

26 

10.09 

28 

10.08 

29    .. 

10.08 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

31 

10.11 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

9.40 
9.38 
9.37 
9.38 
9.37 
9.36 
9.39 
9.43 
9.44 
9.42 
9.40 
9.42 
9.43 
9.43 
9.45 
9.54 
9.53 
9.54 
9.56 
9.66 
9.75 
9.70 
9.55 

(*) 

(*) 

9.43 
9.41 
9.39 
9.41 
9.43 
9.40 
9.43 
9.48 
9.48 
9.45 
9.45 
9.46 
9.48 
9.48 
9.50 
9.61 
9.60 
9.60 
9.60 
9.70 
9.78 
9.72 
9.58 
9.55 
9.61 
9.59 

9.42 
9.40 
9.38 
9.39 
9.39 
9.39 
9.42 
9.47 
9.47 
9.44 
9.44 
9.45 
9.47 
9.47 
9.48 
9.58 
9.57 
9.58 
9.58 
9.67 
9.76 
9.71 
9.56 
9.54 
9.60 
9.58 

9.09 
9.08 
9.07 
9.08 
9.08 
9.08 
9.10 
9.15 
9.14 
9.11 
9.12 
9.13 
9.15 
9.15 
9.16 
9.23 
9.22 
9.  22 
9.23 
9.30 
9.36 
9.35 
9.  22 
9.21 
9.26 
9.23 

9.95 
9.93 
9.92 
9.93 
9.93 
9.93 
9.97 
10.01 
10.04 
10.01 
10.00 
10.03 
10.06 
10.09 
10.  13 
10.  23 
10.23 
10.20 
10.23 
10.26 
10.  25 
10.21 
10.12 
10.0S 

10.02 
9.99 
9.99 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 
10.05 
10.09 
10.12 
10.08 
10.06 
10.08 
10.10 
10.12 
10.15 
10. 26 
10.23 
10.23 
10.24 
10.28 
10.26 
10.24 
10.14 
10.07 
10.16 
10.13 

10.10 
10.07 
10.07 
10.08 
10.09 
10.09 
10.14 
10.18 
10.21 
10.16 
10.13 
10.17 
10.18 
10.20 
10.24 
10.35 
10.  32 
10.  32 
10.33 
10.36 
10.35 
10.34 
10.22 
10.14 
10.23 
10.20 

9.69 

9.67 

4 

9.66 

5 

9.66 

6 

9.66 

9.65 

8 

9.67 

9 

9.70 

11 

9.70 

]2 

9.67 

13 

9.66 

14 

9.69 

15 

9.71 

16 

9.71 

18 

9.72 

19 

9.73 

20 

9.74 

21 

9.74 

9.77 

23 

9.82 

25 

9.88 

26 

9.89 

27 

9.  79 

28 

9.75 

29    .. 

9.81 

30 

9.75 

•Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


464  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1888. 

9.65 
9.75 
(t) 
9.74 
9.70 
9.74 
9.75 
9.78 
9.75 
9.74 
9.71 
9.71 
9.71 
9.74 
9.81 
9.88 
9.94 
9.93 
9.93 
9.88 
9.83 
9.90 
10.10 
10.20 

9.64 
9.71 
(t) 
9.70 
9.66 
9.70 
9.71 
9.74 
9.71 
9.69 
9.67 
9.67 
9.66 
9.69 
9.72 
9.70 
9.69 
9.66 
9.59 
9.56 
9.54 
9.63 
9.72 
9.83 
9.83 
9.82 

9.28 
9.31 
(t) 
9,29 
9.24 
9.26 
9.26 
9.30 
9.29 
9.25 
9.24 
9.24 
9.24 
9.24 
9.24 
9.22 
9.21 
9.20 
9.15 
9.12 
9.11 
9.12 
9.17 
9.16 
9.15 
9.16 

9.07 
9.11 

(t) 
9.09 
9.03 
9.06 
9.06 
9.09 
9.08 
9.04 
9.  04 
9.04 
9.03 
9.03 
9.03 
9.01 
9.01 
8.99 

•8.94 
8.91 
8.91 
8.93 
8.96 
8.95 
8.94 
8.95 

10.18 

10.28 

(t) 

10.28 

10.26 

10.31 

10.34 

10.44 

10.43 

10.41 

10.40 

10.41 

10.41 

10.43 

10.  55 

10.68 

10.64 

10.  63 

10.69 

10.62 

10.61 

10.71 

10.  82 

10.97 

10.93 

10.24 

10.34 

(i) 

10.  34 

10.32 

10.  35 

10.38 

10.48 

10.47 

10.46 

10.44 

10.44 

10.46 

10.47 

10.59 

10.72 

10.67 

10.66 

10.71 

10.64 

10.  63 

10.72 

10.  82 

10.  97 

10.90 

10.80 

9.80 
9.82 
(t) 
9.83 
9.75 
9.74 
9.76 
9.83 
9.82 
9.80 
9.79 
9.80 
9.79 
9.78 
9.79 
9.78 
9.80 
9.78 
9.77 
9.68 
9.71 
9.73 
9.75 
9.74 
9.72 
9.73 

9.61 
9.62 
(t) 
9.63 
9.55 
9.55 
9.57 
9.63 
9.62 
9.  58 
9.57 
9.58 
9.55 
9.56 
9.58 
9.57 
9.57 
9.55 
9.54 
9.47 
9.50 
9.53 
9.54 
9.53 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

9    

10    

11 

12 

13 

14 

16    

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

31 

9.53 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

9.91 
9.84 
9.87 
9.81 
9.88 
9.86 
9.85 
9.86 
9.95 
9.95 
9.92 
9.92 
9.91 
9.87 
9.85 
9.82 
9.85 
9.85 
9.73 
9.73 
9.80 
9.  81 
1 0. 1 15 
10.08 
10.05 
9.25 

9.17 
9.23 
9.21 
9.19 
9.17 
9.18 
9.22 
9.23 
9.26 
9.26 
9.30 
9.24 
9.25 
9.24 
9.18 
9.17 
9.19 
9.17 
9.18 
9.23 
9.22 
9.23 
9.23 
9.19 
9.16 
9.22 
9.27 

8.96 
9.04 
9.00 
8.98 
8.96 
8.96 
9.(11 
.     9. 02 
9.06 
9.05 
9.  08 
9.02 
9.  03 
9.  02 
8.96 
8.95 
8.98 
8.95 
8.90 
8.99 
9.(il 
9.02 
9.03 
8.99 
8.96 
9.00 
.9.07 

8.90 
8.96 
8.95 
8.92 
8.91 
8.91 
8.95 
8.96 
8.99 
8.98 
9.02 
8.96 
8.97 
8.96 
8.90 
8.89 
8.91 
8.90 
8.90 
8.93 
8.94 
8.95 
8.95 
8.92 
8.90 
8.94 
8.99 

10.85 
10.91 
10.96 
10.98 
11.19 
11. 12 
11.10 
11.27 
11.38 
11.30 
11.  38 
11.43 
11.44 
11.44 
11.30 
11.18 
10.76 
10.41 
10. 43 
10.65 
10.76 
10.85 
10.90 
10.73 
11.05 
11.25 

9.74 

9.77 

9.75 

9.72 

9.68 

9.69 

9.69 

9.73 

9.83 

9.  85 

9.86 

9.78 

9.80 

9.78 

9.71 

9.71 

9.61 

9.61 

9.  til) 

9.59 

9.62 

9.61. 

9.  56 

9.53 

9.  53 

9.56 

9.59 

9.  54 
9.60 
9.58 
9.55 
9.52 
9.54 
9.55 
9.60 
9.63 
9.66 
9.68 
9.60 
9.61 
9.63 
9.59 
9.58 
9.53 
9.53 
9.54 
9.  53 
9.55 
9.52 
9.50 
9.52 
9.  52 
9.54 
9.62 

9.44 
9.51 
9.50 
9.47 
9.44 
9.46 
9.48 
9.53 
9.55 
9.56 
9.58 
9.50 
9.52 
9.52 

0 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

20 

9  41 

21 

22 

9.44 
9  46 

23 

24 

9  48 

25 

9  47 

27 

9  43 

28 

9.45 

29-. 

9  44 

30 

31 

9.45 
9.53 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  46,0 

Daily  (bin  )pr%C68  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  fork,  1SSO  to  1803. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 

dcli\  erj . 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Deo. 
delii  erj . 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct.             Nov. 

delivery,   delivery. 

Deo. 
delivery. 

1888. 
Sept.      1 

9.30 
9.  35 
9.53 
0.  17 
9.56 
9.  52 
9.  53 

9.  47 
9.42 
9.45 
9.50 
9.57 
9.56 
9.54 
9.49 
9.43 
9.37 
9.40 
9.50 
9.  62 
9.60 
9.58 
(*) 

9.10 
9.15 
9.  32 
9.28 
9.38 
9.36 
9.40 
9.  33 
9.  27 
9.28 
9.29 
9.37 
9.38 
9.39 
9.33 
9.  25 
9.19 
9.18 
9.  29 
9. 36 
9.30 
9.34 
9.32 
9.  34 
9.31 

9.02 
9.06 
9.20 
9.  it 
9.26 
9.  23 

g.  27 

9.20 
9.15 
9.16 
9.17 
9.22 
9.21 
9.  23 
9.  1 B 
9.14 
9.08 
9.06 
9.16 
9.20 
9.15 
9.17 
9.15 
9.19 
9.18 

9.05 
9.09 
9.23 
9.17 
9.29 
9.  26 
9.30 
9.  23 
9.18 
9.18 
9.  19 
9.24 
9.  23 
9.25 
9.20 
9.16 
9.10 
9.08 
9.18 
9.22 
9.17 

9.64 

(t) 
9.71 
9.  02 
9.69 
9.70 
9.73 
9.  7i  i 
9.67 
9.63 
9.  62 
9.70 
9.73 
9.79 
9.70 
9.69 
9.64 
9.59 
9.  (is 
9.71 

9.64 
(t) 
9.71 
9.  63 
9.73 
9.74 
9.77 
9.70 
9.68 

9.56 

(t) 
9.70 
9.64 
9.75 
9.  74 
9.77 
9.71 
9.66 

9.56 

(0 

9.70 
9.65 

0.  70 
9.76 
9.78 
9.  72 
9.  67 
9.  68 
9.  68 
9.  73 
9.71 
9.  7:. 
0.  00 
9.08 
9.59 
o.  58 
o.  or, 
9.70 
9.  05 
9.68 

3 

4 

5 

C 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

o.;:: 
9.73 
9.78 
9.72 
9.71 
9.63 
9.  62 
9.69 
9.70 
9.63 
9.  65 
9.64 
9.66 
9.64 

9.73 
9.71 
9.75 
9.69 
9.68 
9.59 
9.58 
9.65 
9.70 
9.63 
9.66 
9.64 
9.68 
9.66 

15 

17 

18  ... 

19 

•jo 

21 

22 

24 

2.". 

26 

9.19             9.67 
9. 16              «  R3 

27 

28 

9.20 
9.19 

9.71 
9.68 

28 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delri  cry. 

Oct, 
delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.       1 

9.27 
9.21 
9.19 
9.  17 
9.17 
9.  13 
0.H2 
9.08 
9.04 
9.06 

9. 15 
9.12 
9.  1 2 
9.09 
9.10 
9.08 
8.97 
9.02 
8.99 
a  n? 

9.16 
9.14 
9.15 
9.12 
9.  13 
9.11 
9.00 
9.06 
9.03 
9.06 
9.  03 
9.07 
9.03 
9.04 
9.07 
9.17 
9.24 
9.21 
9.21 
9.30 
9.24 
9.15 
9.18 
9.14 
9.  12 
9.07 
9.09 

9.24 
9.22 
9.23 
9.21 
9.22 
9.20 
9.09 
D.15 
9.12 
9.16 
9.13 
9.17 
9.14 
9.14 
9.18 
9.28 
9.35 
9.31 
9.02 
9.  40 
9.  34 

9.  25 
0  29 

9.62 
9.61 
9.54 
9.48 
9.  46 
9.41 
9.30 
9.29 
9.15 
9.21 
9.33 
9.33 
9.33 
9.34 
9.38 
9.48 
9.52 
9.49 
9.49 
9.  54 
9.52 
9.  15 
ft  .is 

9.64 
9.63 
9.61 
9.57 
9.57 
9.  51 
9.42 
9.45 
9.40 
9.42 
9.40 
9.41 

9.67 
9.67 
9.66 
9.63 
9.  63 
9.57 
9.48 
9.53 
9.47 
9.53 
9.  51 
9.51 

9.75 
9.74 
9.74 
9.71 
9.72 
9.66 
9.57 
9.62 
9.56 
9.62 
9.61 
9.61 
9.59 
9.62 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

11 

1" 

9.04             8.99 
9.07  .           9.03 
9  02  ,           8  98 

13 

1 .-, 

10 

0.02             8.99 
9.  07  ,          9.  02 
9. 15            9. 12 
(*)                  9. 18 
9.15            9.15 
9.18             9.15 
9.  28             9.  23 
9.24             9.17 
9.  10              9.09 
9.18            9.13 
9.14            9.  os 
9. 10 

9.  42             9.  52 
9.  43             9.  53 
9. 52            9.  62 
9.  57             9.  67 

17 

18 

9.72 
9.77 
9  76 

19 

20 

22 

o.  53 
9.58 
9.56 
9.49 
9  51 

9.66 
9.71 
9.69 
9.  62 
o  c:t 

9  76 

23 

21 

9  80 

25 

'i  7;; 

26 

9  73 

27 

9.  25              9.  47 

9.  22              9.  43 

9.  17 

9.48             9.60 
9.4.".            9.58 
9.41  I          9.53 
9. 40           n  r>i 

9  71 

29 

9.69 

30 

9.02 
9.07 

9  65 

31 

9.19 

9.63 

COT- 


*  Nominal. 

-vol  2 30 


t  Holiday. 


466  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES," 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dee. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1888. 
Nov.      1 

9.13 
9.16 
9.19 
9.21 

(t) 
9.26 
9.28 
9.34 
9.23 
9.32 
9.  33 
9.35 
9.29 
9.  33 
9.34 

(*) 

(*) 
9.35 

(*) 
9.30 

(*) 
9.27 
9.34 

(*) 

(t) 

9.14 
9.16 
9.20 
9.21 
(t) 
9.26 
9.28 
9.34 
9.23 
9.32 
9.34 
9.32 
9.30 
9.32 
9.35 
9.37 
9.32 
9.  32 
9.27 
9.27 
9.23 
9.23 
9.29 
9.26 
(t) 
9.25 

9.24 
9.26 
9.30 
9.31 
(t) 
9.36 
9.38 
9.44 
9.32 
9.40 
9.41 
9.39 
9.38 
9.41 
9.43 
9.45 
9.39 
9.40 
9.37 
9.35 
9.30 
9.28 
9.34 
9.30 
(t) 
9.29 

9.34 
9.37 
9.41 
9.42 
(t) 
9.46 
9.49 
9.54 
9.42 
9.  50 
9.51 
9.48 
9.47 
9.50 
9.52 
9.54 
9.49 
9.50 
9.47  1 
9.44  1 
9.39  1 
9.38 
9.42 
9.38 
(t) 
9.37 

9.45 
9.47 
9.51 
9.50 
(t) 
9.55 
9.59 
9.66 
9.59 
9.64 
9.  65 
9.61 
9.62 
9.64 
9.65 
9.69 
9.65 
9.64 
9.61 
9.58 
9.  53 
9.  50 
9.52 
9.50 

(T) 

9.  56 
9.58 
9.62 
9.60 

(t) 
9.65 
9.69 
9.73 
9.65 
9.70 
9.70 
9.65 
9.66 
9.68 
9.69 
9.73 
9.66 
9.66 
9.62 
9.59 
9.53 
9.50 
9.54 
9.50 

It) 
9.46 

9.68 
9.71 
9.74 
9.73 
(t) 
9.78 
9.83 
9.86 
9.78 
9.84 
9.83 
9.79 
9.79 
9.80 
9.81 
9.86 
9.78 
9.78 
9.74 
9.72 
9.66 
9.  04 
9.67 
9.63 
(t) 
9.61 

9.78 

9.81 

3    

9.85 

5 

9.84 

6 

(t) 

7        

9.89 

8 

9.95 

9    

9.98 

10 

9.91 

12 

9.95 

13 

9.95 

14 

9.91 

15 

9.91 

16 

9.92 

17 

9.03 

19 

9.98 

20 

9.91 

21 

9.91 

22 

9.  86 

23 

9.  85 

24 

9.78 

26 

9.76 

27 

9.79 

28 

9.75 

29 

(t) 

30 

9.74 

Dee. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

T)ec.       1 

9.30 
9.27 
9.30 
9.35 
9.30 

,9.31 
it.  31 
9.34 
9.31 
9.31 
9.31 
9.28 
9.28 
9.  25 
9.25 
9.  22 
9.23 
9.24 
9.27 
9.  25 

(t) 
9.30 
9.30 

9.  22 

9.34 
9.32 
9.34 
9.40 
9.40 
9.35 
9.34 
9.36 
9.32 
9.32 
9.32 
9.29 
9.29 
9.25 
9.25 
9.23 
9.23 
9.24 
9.28 
9.25 
(t) 
9.28 
9.28 
9.23 
9.  19 
9.23 

9.43 
9.42 
9.44 
9.49 
9.49 
9.  43 
9.42 
9.44 
9.40 
9.41 
9.41 
9.38 
9.38 
9.33 
9.33 
9.31 
9.30 
9.31 
9.35 
9.33 
(t) 
9.34 
9.34 
9.30 
9.  29 
9.33 

9.52 
9.50 
9.53 
9.57 
9.58 
9.52 
9.51 
9.53 
9.49 
9.50 
9.50 
9.47 
9.47 
9.42 
9.  42 
9.40 
9.39 
9.40 
9.  44 
9.  42 
(t) 
9.43 
9.42 
9.38 
9.37 
9.42 

9.53 
9.49 
9.51 
9.52 
9.56 
9.55 
9.  52 
9.54 
9.51 
9.53 
9.54 
9.49 
9.49 
9.48 
9.47 
9.42 
9.  42 
9.42 
9.48 
9.46 
(t) 
9.43 
9.  42 
9.  40 
9.38 

9.67 
9.63 
9.  05 
9.67 
9.70 
9.66 
9.62 
9.64 
9.61 
9.61 
9.61 
9.57 
9.  55 
9.51 
9.52 
9.48 
9.45 
9.45 
9.51 
9.47 
(t) 
9.46 
9.45 
9.41 
9.39 
9.45 

9.80 
9.76 
9.77 
9.80 
9.  83 
9.78 
9.74 
9.77 
9.  73 
9.74 
9.73 
9.70 
9.68 
9.64 
9.65 
9.60 
9.57 
!!.  68 
h.  68 
9.  00 

(t) 

9.  58 
9.57 
9.52 
9.49 
9.55 

9.91 

3      

9.88 

4 

9.89 

5 

9.92 

6 

9.95 

9  90 

8 

9.  80 

10 

9.89 

11 

9.85 

12 

9.  86 

13 

9.  86 

14 

9.82 

15 

9.80 

17 

9.76 

18 

9.77 

19 

9.73 

20 

9.70 

21 

9.70 

22 

9.76 

24 

9.73 

25 

(t) 

26 

9.71 

27 

9.69 

28 

29 

9.64 
9.00 

31 

9.67 

'  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  467 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New   Fori  189$, 


New  Orleans. 

NeM    York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar.             Apr. 
delivery,   delivery. 

'.Tan. 
deln  try. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delii  ery. 

1889. 

(t) 
9.  28 
9.  34 
9.  16 

9.38 
it.  32 
(t) 
9.  1" 
9.43 
9.  40 
9.43 

(t) 
9.35 
9   (J 
9.  49 
9.47 
• 

(t) 
9.  17 
9.49 
9.45 
9.45 

(t) 

9.  4:{ 
9.  59 
9.  57 
9.  55 
9.47 
(t) 
9.  56 
9.  58 

!'.  54 
9.54 
9.50 
9.  54 
9.5] 
9.  57 
9.58 
9.  50 
9.  52 
9.  52 
9.47 
9.47 
9.  52 
9.48 
9.44 
9.50 
9.  18 
9.54 

(t) 
9.  51 

9.65 
9.  64 

9.55 
(t) 
9.  65 
9.  67 
9.  62 
9.  62 
9.58 
9.  62 
9.59 
9.  65 
9.00 
9.63 
9.59 
9.57 
9.  52 
9.  52 
9.57 
9.54 
9.  50 
9.  50 
9.54 
9.59 

(t) 
9.44 
9.  49 
9.63 
9.  62 
9.51 
9.53 
9.64 

9.04 
9.61 
9.  59 
9.66 
9.59 
9.04 
9.67 
9.65 
9.62 
9.60 
9.50 
9.55 
9.59 
9.58 
9.  50 
9.62 
9.02 

(t) 
9.  56 
9.  61 

9.  7:; 
9.  72 
9.01 
'.Mil 
0.73 
9.  75 
9.  70 
9.  67 
9.66 
9.  72 
9.66 
9.70 
9.  73 
9.70 
9.66 
9.64 
9.59 
9.58 
9.  62 
9.60 
9.57 
9.63 
9.02 
9.71 

(t) 
9.68 
9.  73 
9.86 
9.  85 
9.74 
9.77 
9.86 
9..-S 
9.83 
9.79 
9.78 
9.84 
9.  7S 
9.83 
9.86 
9.82 
9.78 
9.  70 
9.71 
9.69 
9.73 
9.70 
9.66 
9.73 
9.71 
9.78 

(t) 

9  79 

2 

3 

g  --, 

4 

9  97 

5 

9  97 

7 

9.85 

8 

9.88 

9 

g  98 

10 

10  00 

11 

9  94 

1  L> 

9  91 

14 

9.  42            9.  42 
it.  45             9.  46 
9.41               9.44 

9.48  ' 

9.  50  1           9.  50 

9.49  9.46 
9.  47              9.  46 

9.90 

15 

9  96 

16 

9  89 

17 

9  94 

18 

g  97 

19 

9  94 

21 

9.90 

22 

9.  47 
9.41 
9.  44 

9.  47 
9.  42 

(1.4" 

9  87 

23 

9  81 

24 

9  81 

25 

9.  4S              9.  40 

g  84 

26 

9.45 
9.41 
9.48 
(*) 

9.44 
9.40 
9.  46 
9.  42 
9.48 

9.81 

- 

9  77 

29 

9  83 

30 

9  82 

31 

9  88 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
dili\  ery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
<lcli\  ery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Fob.       1 

9.48 
9.  54 

9.  54 
9.  55 
9.  63 
9.66 
9.  53 
9.  55 
9.  52 
9.48 
9.46 
9.51 
9.  49 
9.5] 

9.50 

9.  56 
9.58 
(t) 
9.  50 
9.  65 
9.65 

9. 54 
9.  59 
9.58 
9.  59 
9.64 
9.  62 
9.  55 
9.57 
9.54 
9.  50 
9.  48 
9.  53 
9.56 
9.5] 
9.53 
9.50 
9.  56 
9.57 
(t) 
9.58 
9.61 
9.  62 
9.6] 
9.08 

9.59 
9.65 
9.  64 
9.65 
9.  7" 
9.68 
9.61 
9.  03 
9.60 
9.56 
9.  54 
9.  59 
9.  ")C 
9.58 
9.60 
9.  57 
9.  64 
9.65 
(t) 
9.  65 
9  67 
9.66 
9.66 
9.74 

9.66 
9.  72 

9.  69 

Q   77 

9.  75 
9.  83 
9.81 
9.8] 
9.  92 
9.90 
9.  83 
9.  83 
9.81 
9.79 
9.77 
9.82 
9.81 
9.84 
9.87 
9.85 
9.  94 
9.92 
(t) 
9.90 
9.  92 
9.92 
9.  92 
9  98 

9.85 
9.  93 
9.91 
9.92 

10.01 

10.00 
9.  93 
9.  93 
9.90 
9.  " 
9.85 
9.91 
9.  89 
9.91 
9.95 
9.93 

10.00 
9.99 

(t) 
9.97 

9.99 

in  ns 

9  94 

2 

10  02 

4 

9  71            a  71 

10  00 

'.).  72 
9.77 
9.75 
9.  68 
9.69 
9.00 
9.  62 
9.60 
9.  65 

9.04 

9.  66 

9.64 
9.71 
9.72 

(1) 
9.71 
9.  74 
9.  7:: 
9.7:: 
9.80 

9.  75 
9.86 
9.  85 
9.78 
9.79 
9.77 
9.75 
9.72 
9.77 
9.75 
9.81 
9.85 
9.83 
9.92 
9.89 
(t) 
9.87 
9.  92 
9.92 
9.92 

10  01 

6 

10  10 

10  10 

1 

s 

13 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

10.02 

10.02 

9.  99 

9.97 

9.93 

9.99 

9.97 

9.98 

10.02 

10.01 

10.08 

10.06 

(t) 

10  05 

23 

25 

10  07 

26 

10  07 

27 

10  06 

28 

10  12 



1  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


468  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES.'" 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York.  1SS0  to  1$9* 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1889. 

9.64 
9.65 

(t) 

(t) 
9.79 
9.81 
9.82 
9.78 
9.80 
9.75 
9.78 
9.77 
9.76 
9.72 
9.68 
9.73 
9.76 
9.80 
9.80 
9.80 
9.75 
9.76 
9.82 
9.87 
9.84 

9.71 
9.72 

(t) 

(t) 
9.83 
9.80 
9.81 
9.78 
9.78 
9.73 
9.75 
9.74 
9.73 
9.70 
9.65 
9.70 
9.74 
9.78 
9.77 
9.79 
9.75 
9.75 
9.82 
9.86 
9.84 
9.85 

9.78 
9.79 

(t) 

(t) 
9.89 
9.86 
9.87 
9.84 
9.84 
9.78 
9.81 
9.80 
9.79 
9.77 
9.71 
9.76 
9.80 
9.81 
9.83 
9.84 
9.81 
9.82 
9.86 
9.91 
9.88 
9.89 

9.86 
9.86 

(\) 

0) 
9.97 
9.94 
9.95 
9.92 
9.92 
9.  86  ! 
9.88 
9.88 
9.86 
9.84 
9.78 
9.83 
9.87 
9.90 
9.89 
9.91 
9.87 
9.88 
9.93 
9.97 
9.94 
9.95 

9.94 

9.94 

9.98 

9.95 

10.00 

9.98 

10.01 

10.00 

10.01 

9.98 

10.00 

9.99 

9.97 

9.97 

9.90 

9.92 

9.96 

9.98 

9.99 

10.00 

10.  00 

10.01 

10.  03 

10.09 

10.01 
10.01 
10.05 
10.03 
10.07 
10.05 
10.08 
10.06 
10.07 
10.03 
10.05 
10.03 
10.02 
10.01 
9.93 
3.95 
9.98 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 
9.99 
9.99 
10.  03 
10.  08 
10.07 
10.07 

10.08 
10.09 
10.13 
10.10 
10.15 
10.13 
10.16 
10.13 
10.15 
10.11 
10.12 
30.11 
10.10 
10.09 
10.01 
10.04 
10.07 
10.09 
10.09 
10.09 
10.07 
10.07 
10.10 
10.15 
10.13 
10.13 

10. 16 

2 

10.17 

4 

10.20 

5 

10.18 

6    

10.23 

7 

10.21 

8 

10.24 

9 

10.21 

11 

10.  23 

12 

10.  19 

13 

10. 20 

14 

10.19 

15 

10.17 

16 

10.16 

18 

10.  08 

19 

10.11 

20 

10.15 

21 

10.17 

22 

10.17 

23 

10.17 

25 

'     10. 14 

26 

10.14 

27 

10.17 

28 

10.22 

29 

10.21 

30 

10.20 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

9.85 
9.86 
9.91 
9.96 
9.96 
10.03 
10.  10 
10.23 
10.16 
10.31 
10.30 
10.45 
10.42 
10.38 
10.  .".'2 
10.47 
(t) 
(t) 

10.57 
10.57 
10.52 
10.  56 
10.50 
(*) 

9.88 

9.88 

9.91 

9.96 

9.96 

10.02 

10.10 

10.21 

10.  15 

10.30 

10.28 

10.43 

10.40 

10.40 

10.50 

.10. 48 

(t) 

(t) 

10.54 
10.56 
10.  52 
10.55 
10.  53 
10. 60 
10.64 
(t) 

9.94 
9.94 
9.97 
10.02 
10.02 
10.07 
10.15 
10.  25 
10.19 
10.33 
10.  32 
10.47 
10.43 
10.45 
10.  55 
10.52 
(t) 
(t) 

10.57 
10.60 
10.55 
10.60 
10.  58 
10.  66 
10.71 
(t) 

10.00 
10.01 
10.04 

10.08  i 

10.08 

10.  13 

10.21 

10.  33 

10.28 

10.42 

10.41 

10.56 

10.52 

10.53 

10.  02 

10.59 

(t) 

(t) 

10.63 

10.65 

10.59 

10.04 

10.63 

10.71 

10.77 

(t) 

10.05 

10.05 

10.07 

10.10 

10.11 

10.14 

10.19 

10.  28 

10.20 

10.33 

10.34 

10.  50 

10.  48 

10.52 

10.71 

10.60 

(t) 

10.78 

10.69 

10.73 

in.  (it 

10.78 

10.76 

10.11 

10.11 

10. 12 

10.15 

10.16 

10.19 

10.24 

10.32 

10.26 

10.38 

10.  38 

10.54 

10.  52 

10.56 

10.74 

10.70 

(t) 

10.81 

10.72 

10.76 

10.68 

10.78 

10.  76 

10.  83 

10.91 

(f) 

10.18 

10.18 

10.20 

10.  22 

10.  23 

10.28 

10.30 

10.39 

10.34 

10.45 

10.45 

10.62 

10.  59 

10.63 

10.78 

10.  74 

(t) 

10.84 

10.75 

10.80 

10.74 

10.81 

10.79 

10.86 

10.  94 

(t) 

10.  25 

2 

10.25 

3 

10.27 

4 

10.29 

5 

10.  30 

6 

10.32 

8 

10.36 

n 

10.46 

10 

10.40 

11 

10.52 

12 

10.52 

13 

10.68 

15 

10.  66 

16 

10.70 

17 

10.84 

18 

10.80 

19 

(t) 

20 

10.  90 

22 

10.80 

23 

10.86 

24 

10.80 

25 

10.88 

20 

10.  85 

27 

10.  91 

29  ... 

10.99 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

(f) 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  469 

Daily  (bid)  price*  of  notion  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  Yuri-,  1880  to  1S9S. 


New  ( Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery 

June 
delivery. 

July 

ill  li\  il'Y. 

Ah-. 
delivers . 

May 
delivery. 

June     1      Julj 
delivery,  delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

1889. 
May       1 

10.80 
10.  75 

10.78 

10.87 
10.82 
10.82. 

10.91 
10.86 
10.87 

io.;:. 
10.60 
10.61 
10.40 
10.58 
10.48 
10.  43 
10.  47 
10.49 
10.55 
10.55 
10.53 
10.49 
10.59 
10.60 
10.55 
10.61 
10.63 
10.56 
10.55 
10.57 
10.59 
10.60 
10.60 

10.78 
10.72 
10.74 
10.  60 
10.  14 
10.47 
10.28 
10.46 
10.31 
10.30 
10.  35 
10.37 
10.41 
10.40 
10.39 
10.34 
10.43 
10.44 
10.38 
10.44 
10.47 
10.38 
10.38 
10.  39 
10.38 
10.37 
10.34 

(t) 

10.  97 
10.96 

in.  ST 
10.76 
10.  77 
10.55 
10.  69 
10.52 
10. 55 
10.59 
10.62 
10.65 
10.60 
10.60 
10.59 
10. 65 
10.71 
10.64 
10.67 
10.72 
10.64 

(t)              (t) 
11.00           11.05 
10.99  !        11.05 
10.88           10.94 
10.7i;          10.82 
10.78  1        10.84 
10.56  1        10.03 

(») 
11  08 

3 

11  09 

4 

10.66           10.69 

10.  (IS 

6 

L0.52 

10.54 
10.41 
10.59 
10.42 
10.40 
10.47 
10.50 
10.57 
10.56 
10. 55 
10.54 
10.  63 
io.  6:: 
10.58 
10.  62 
10.  65 
10.  58 
10.  56 
10.  60 

10.54 
10.55 
10.36 
10.53 
10.38 
10.39 
10.44 
10.51 
10.57 
10.55 
10.  55 
10.51 
10.61 
10.62 
10.56 
10.60 
10.61 
10.  54 
10.55 
10.  57 

10.87 

7 

10.88 

8 

10.67 

9 

10.71 
10.53 

10.55 
10.  59 
10.62 

10.6.-. 

10.60 
10.59 
io.  62 
10.67 
10.61 
10.  63 
10.66 

10.78 
10.00 
10.  62 
10.65 

10.68 
10.72 
10.67 
10.  07 
10.66 
10.69 
10.73 

10.83 

10 

10  65 

11 

10.67 

13 

10.69 

14 

10.73 

15 

10  76 

16 

10.71 

17 

10.71 

lo.Tn 



20 

10  73 

21     

10.77 

22 

10.  67             10.  71 

23 

10.  70             10.  74 

24 

10.74              10. 78 

25 

10.58            10.88              10.7-> 

27 

10.58             10.56             10.65  ,            10.71 

28 

10.04 

(!> 
(t) 

10.  12            10.20  1           10.63 

29 

10.  50           10.  57 

10.62            10.70              10.75 

30 

10.50 

10.56 
10.58 

(t) 
10.61 

(t) 
10.68 

(t) 
10.73 

31 

June, 
delivery. 

July, 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June, 
delivery. 

July, 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
deli\  ery. 

10.58 
10.63 
10.65 
10.64 
10:61 
10.62 
10.62 
10.59 
10.58 
10.55 
10.65 
10.65 
10.65 
10.60 
10.55 
10.60 
10.60 
10.60 
10.55 
10.55 
10.50 
10.55 
10.60 
10.60 

10.59 
10.64 
10.66 
10.64 
10.61 
10.62 
10.61 
10.59 
10.58 
10.55 
10.59 
10.62 
10.  61 
10.55 
10.54 

10.57 
10.55 
10.52 
10.49 
10.45 
10.51 
10.  59 
10.56 
10.54 

10.36 
10.42 
10.43 
10.43 
10.40 
10.41 
10.41 
10.39 
10.39 
10.35 
10.39 
10.41 
10.38 
10.35 
10.36 
10.40 
10.  38 
10.35 
10.33 
10.33 
10.31 
10.39 
10.44 
10.46 
10.48 

9.83 
9.88 
9.90 
9.89 
9.86 
9.88 
9.88 
9.87 
9  85 
9.82 
9.85 
9.85 
9.83 
9.  82 
9.82 
9.84 
9.83 
9.81 
9.79 
9.78 
9.77 
9.84 
9.87 
9.87 
9.87 

10.57 
10.59 
10.61 
10.  58 
10.58 
10.57 
10.58 
10.60 
10.60 
10.53 
10.52 
10.44 
10.44 
10.34 
10.  39 
10.  51 
10.48 
10.  42 
10.41 
10.40 
10.37 
10.41 
10.52 

1 

10.64  10.69 

10.65  ;        10.70 
10.69          10.73 

10.12 

3 

*    10. 15 

4 

10.18 

5 

10.66 
10.65 
10.64 
10.64 
10.66 
10.65 
10.  56 
10.54 
10.46 
10.46 
10.35 
10.40 
10.52 
10.48 
10.42 
10.41 
10.40 
10.37 
10.41 
10.52 
10.52 
10.54 

10.71 
10.70 
10.09 
10.  69 
18.71 
10.70 
10.61 
10.60 
10.52 
10.  52 
10.42 
10.47 
10.59 
10.54 
10.47 

10.18 

C 

10.16 

10.15 

8 

10.15 

10 

10.15 

11 

IB.  15 

12 

10.13 

13 

10.12 

14 

10.10 

15 

10.09 

17 

l(i.06 

18 

10.08 

19 

10.  12 

20 

10.  12 

•_'l 

10.08 

22 

10.47             10.07 

24 

10.46            10. 08 

25 

10.44             10.08 

26 

10.48             10.  10 

27 

10.57  ,           10.  12 

28 

10.58             10.13 

29 

10.59            10.14 

•  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


470  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York.  1SS0  tc  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1     July- 
delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

1889. 
July       1 

10.57 

10.58 

10.59 

tt) 

10.  68 

10.80 

10.85 

10.83 

10.80 

10.80 

10.75 

10.80 

10.  75 

10.83 

10.80 

10.75 

10.75 

10.70 

10.78 

10.82 

10.75 

10.78 

10.83 

10.  90 

10.85 

10.52 

10.54 

10.55 

(t) 

10.54 

10.59 

10.59 

10.57 

10.58 

10.60 

10.58 

10.55 

10.59 

10.60 

10.57 

10.48 

10.45 

10. 43 

10.44 

10.48 

10.47 

10.46 

10.47 

10.48 

10.49 

10.51 

10.56 

9.89 
9.94 
9.92 
(t) 
9.94 
9.98 
9.97 
9.94 
9.94 
9.95 
9.91 
9.88 
9.90 
9.92 
9.90 
9.85 
9.83 
9.83 
9.84 
9.88 
9.87 
9.86 
9.86 
9.87 
9.88 
9.89 
9.94 

9.60 
9.63 
9.62 
(t) 
9.63 
9.67 
9.66 
9.63 
9.64 
9.65 
9.62 
9.59 
9.61 
9.63 
9.60 
9.56 
9.54 
9.54 
9.56 
9.58 
9.57 
9.57 
9.57 
9.58 
9.59 
9.62 
9.64 

10.59 
10.55 
10.50 
0, 

10.45 
10.  52 
10.56 
10.55 
10.55 
10.56 
10.53 
10.46 
10.48 
10.  51 
10.  51 
10.46 
10.45 
10.44 
10.44 
10.  48 
10.54 
10.60 
l(i.  58 
10.62 
10.67 
1 

10.61 

10.60 

10.55 

(t) 

10.51 

10.56 

10.58 

10.56 

10.56 

10.56 

10.  51 

10.44 

10.47 

10.50 

10.51 

10.46 

10.45 

10.43 

10.  44 

10.48 

10.54 

10.59 

10.56 

10.59 

10.63 

10.63 

10.67 

10.16 

10.18 

10.16 

(t) 

10.17 

10.20 

10.18 

10.17 

10.17 

10.16 

10.14 

10.13 

10.  15 

10.16 

10,15 

10.11 

10.11 

10.  10 

10.08 

10.12 

10.13 

10.13 

10.14 

10.16 

10.17 

10. 17 

10. 19 

9.93 

2 

9.  95 

3 

9.94 

4 

(t) 

5 

9.97 

6 

10. 00 

8 

9.98 

9 

9.96 

10 

9.97 

11 

9.97 

1" 

9.94 

13 

9.94 

15 

9.96 

16 

9.96 

17 

9.95 

18 

9.89 

19 

9.89 

20 

9.88 

22 

9.87 

23 

9.91 

24 

9.92 

25 

9.91 

20 

9.91 

27 

29 

30 

9.93 
9.94 
9.94 

31 

9.96 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

10.56 
10.55 
10.57 
10.61 
10.62 
10.64 
10.65 

10.  66 
10.64 
10.65 
10.75 
10.91 
11.05 
11.04 
11.05 

11.  oc 
11.00 
10.95 
11.  05 
11.05 
10.90 
10.90 
10.75 
10.7o 

9.93 
9.93 
9.94 
9.98 
9.97 
9.99 
9.99 
9.  99 
9.96 
9.98 
10.00 
10.09 
10.30 
10.27 
10.  30 
10. 34 
10.31 
10.22 
10.24 
10.26 
10.20 
10.20 
10.19 
10.24 
10.26 
10.23 
10.18 

9.63 
9.62 
9.64 
9.68 
9.68 
9.70 
9.69 
9.70 
9.67 
9.68 
9.70 
9.76 
9.84 
9.85 
9.90 
9.92 
9.87 
9.77 
9.80 
9.79 
9.73 
9.71 
9.71 
9.74 
9.  71 
9.72 
9.69 

9.49 
9.49 
9.50 
9.53 
9.53 
9.56 
9.55 
9.  55 
9.  52 
9.52 
9.55 
9.58 
9.64 
9.64 
9.67 
9.68 
9.68 
9.60 
9.61 
9.59 
9.56 
9.  53 
9.54 
9.57 
9.55 
9.56 
9.53 

10.60 

10.  65 
10.67 
10.70 
10.64 
10.65 
10.65 
10.63 
10.58 
10.54 
10.  54 
10.61 
10.69 
10.74 
10.81 
10.  90 
10.91 
10.74 
10.75 
10.74 
10.  74 
10.63 
10.56 
10.55 
10.58 

10.19 
10.  20 
10.21 
10.  26 
10.24 
10.26 
10.27 
10.  30 
10.  31 
10.  29 
10.30 
10.35 
10.44 
10.46 
10.51 
10.  50 
10.57 
10.44 
10.52 
10.52 
10.47 
10. 47 
10.  46 
10.49 
10.51 
10.  57 
10.56 

9.97 

9.98 
10.00 
10.07 
10.05 
10.07 
10.08 
10.11 
10.  14 
10.12 
10.  13 
10.17 
10.  24 
10.27 
10.31 
10.36 
10.27 
10.17 
10.22 
10.  20 
10.15 
10.14 
10.15 
10.18 
10.19 
10.21 
10. 19 

9.88 

2 

9.89 

3 

9.90 

5 

9.96 

G 

9.94 

7 

9.96 

8 

9.95 

9 

9.96 

10 

9.96 

12 

9.93 

13 

9.  93 

14 

9.96 

15 

10.00 

16 

10.0.! 

17 

10.05 

19 

10.06 

20 

10.04 

21 

9.97 

22 

10.00 

23 

9.96 

24 

9.91 

2C 

9.93 

27 

9.94 

28 

9.93 

29 

9.95 

30  ... 

9.99 

31 

9.97 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON   "FUTURES."  471 

Daily  (lid) prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xac  Orleans  and  Sac  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans.                                                 New  York. 

Sepl . 
delivery. 

Oct.          Nov. 
delivery,  delivery. 

delivery. 

Sept. 

deli\  erj . 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Deo. 
delivery. 

1889. 
Sept.      2 

10.  IS 

10.09 
10.  11 
1".  18 
10.  22 
10.  23 
10.  19 
in.  21 
L0.20 
in.  is 
in.  L6 
in.  20 
m  32 
10.43 
10.54 
10.42 
10.51 
in  51 
10.  51 
10.  in 
10.40 

in.:;; 
(*) 

9.67 
9.65 
9.67 
9.  74 
9.  79 
9.78 
il.  7r. 
9.77 
11.  77 
9.  74 
9.  7:: 
9.76 

9.  92 

ii.  98 
9,  83 
9.  92 
9.89 

9.87 
ii.  8 1 
9.83 
9.82 
9.81 
0.  8H 
9.78 

ii.  52 
9.51 
ii.  53 
ii.  58 
ii  ,".:i 
li.  59 
ii.  55 
li.  58 
11.  57 
li.  56 
ii. :..-, 
;».  58 
o.  hi 
9.67 
9.  70 
ii.  62 

9.  70 
9.68 
li.  (17 
9.62 
9.64 
li.  til 
li.  62 
li.  68 
9.59 

9.51 

;i.  50 
ii.  52 

ii. :,:. 
ii.  58 

H.  57 
9.54 
ii.  56 
9.55 

11.  5  I 

n.  ;>  i 
ii.  57 
ii.  c,;t 
9.66 
li.  (17 
9.  (in 
11.  OS 
H.  (17 
li.  (I.", 
l».  60 
H.  (12 
9.60 
9.(11 
9.60 
9.58 

(t) 

10.54 
10.58 
10.63 

in.  01 

10.  60 
10.71 
ld.75 
in.  73 
HI.  7(1 
10.73 
10.80 
in.  mi 
ll.im 
1U.1I7 
10.96 
10.97 

11.  10 

11.25 
11.30 

11.30 
11.65 

<t) 

10.  19 
in.  L'«i 
10.24 
10.28 
in  27 

(t) 
9.94 

11.  115 
9.99 

H.  11:: 
111  ()■> 

(t) 
9  00 

3 

4 

9  113 

6 

11  93 

g 

10.28  ,           9.99 

10.32  10.03 

10.33  lO.d.'! 
in. ; ::o          m.  02 
10.27           10.00 
10.30          10.02 
10.37  1         hi  n7 

10 

9  96 

n 

9  96 

12 

9  95 

13 

9  95 

14 

9  98 

16 

10.01 

17 

in  42 
HI.  47 
10.40 
10.43 
10.  40 
10.39 
10.411 
10.  42 
10.40 
10.39 
10.38 
in. -jr. 

10.13 
10.17 
10.11 
10. 13 

In.  12 
10.11 
10.10 

111. 11 

Hi.  11 

HI.  Hi 

10.09 

9.99 

10  05 

18 

10.08 

19 

10  03 

20 

10.06 

a 

10  07 

23 

10.05 

24 

10.05 

•j:, 

10  03 

26 

10  04 

27 

10.03 

28 

10.04 

30 

9.96 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov, 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

(let. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

•Jan. 
ileli\  ery. 

Oct.      1 

9.76 

9.82 
0.  75 
9.  7.". 
9.  75 
9.78 
9.77 
9.82 
9.83 
9.77 
9.74 
9.  68 
9.68 
ii.  65 
9.  68 
9.63 
9.59 
'.'.  52 

9.58 
9.64 

it.  ;>7 

H.  .".7 
9.  57 
9.62 
9.64 
9.69 
1I.7H 
li.  (14 
9.61 
ii.  :.i: 
9.57 
11.  54 
9.55 
9.50 
9.  4(1 
1).  411 
9.30 
9.31 
'i.  39 
ii.  35 

11.  45 

;i.  37 

11.  42 
9.37 

11.  40 

9.56 
9.62 
9.55 
9.55 
9.56 
9.60 
9.63 
9.67 
li.  7d 
9.64 
9.61 
il.  56 
ii.  57 
9.54 
9.  55 
9.51 
9.47 
11.41 
9.31 
9.33 
9.40 
9.36 
li.  46 
9.38 
9.44 
9.40 
9.43 

9.60 
9.66 
9.60 
9.60 

9.01 

9.(14 

11.07 

9.71 

9.75 

H.  HH 

9.05  ' 

9.00 

li.  (11 

ii.  59 

9.59 

9.55  I 

9.51 

9.45  1 

9.34 

9.37 

9.44 

li.  in 

'.'.  .'"i 

9.  42 

9.50 

9.  45 

9.48 

10.2(1 

in.;;.; 
10.31 
10.37 
L0.  mi 
10.4(1 

10.38 

10.44 
10.50 
10.54 

9.99 

10.03 
10.00 
10.06 
10.00 
10.13 
in.  13 
10.18 
10. 21 
10  16 

9.96 

11. 119 
11.  96 
9.98 

11.  US 

10.06 
10.08 
10.18 
1(1.2:! 
10.15 
10.  09 
10.05 
10.07 
10.03 
HI  nil 
10.  05 
10.(10 
9.98 
9.  87 
11.  93 
9.99 
9.  92 
10.01 
9.96 
in.  (il 
11.  99 
10.  00 

9  99 

o 

10  02 

3 

9  99 

4 

10.  Oo 

5 

10.01 

7 

10.07 

8 

10. 10 

9 

10. 19 

10 

10  ''4 

11 

10. 16 

12 

10.56           10.13 

10.  in 

14 

10.45 

10.  45 
111.  411 
111.  4!> 
111.50 
111.50 
Hi.  511 
in.  15 
in.  Ill 
lu.5:; 
10.  57 
H).(i5 
10.85 
1H.71 
10.90 
10.10 

10.08 
10.  09 
10.07 
10,  in 
10.09 
10.05 
in.  02 
9.90 
ii.  1U 
9.97 
9.  92 
n.  99 
n.  in 

HI  (11 

10.00 

9.98 

10.05 

is 

HI.  07 

16 

111.03 

17 

10. 1 15 

18 

in.  ii:: 

19 

9.97 

21 

ii.  95 

22 

23 

9.41 

9.45 

9.  Ml 
9.91 

24 

9.  53 

9.47 
9.57 
9.50 
9.55 
9.50 

9.97 

25 

9.  90 

26 

9.98 

28 

ii.  92 

29 

9.96 

30 

9.94 

31  .. 

9.90 

'Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


472  DAILY    PRICES    OP    COTTON  "FUTURES. 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  18S0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 

1889. 
1 

9.45 

9.53 
9.  51 
9.62 
9.  5i 
9.62 
9.00 
9.60 
9.49 
9.  52 
9.  55 
9.  50 
9.50 
9.  50 
9.  58 
9.55 
9.55 
9.55 
9.52  , 
9.50 
9.54 
9.57 
9.60 
(t) 

9.49 
9.56 
9.54 
9.65 
9.56 
9.67 
9.65 
9.65 
9.53 
9.53 
9.56 
9.50 
9.49 
9.56 
9.57 
9.53 
9.51 
9.  51 
9.49 
9.48 
9.50 
9.50 
9.57 
(t) 
9.59 
9.01 

9.54 
9.61 
9.59 
9.71 
9.62 
9.73 
9.70 
9.70 
9.60 
9.60 
9.62 
9.56 
9.55 
9.62 
9.62 
9.58 
9.57 
9.56 
9.54 
9.51 
9.54 
9.54 
9.  CI 
(t) 
9.63 
9.66 

9.59 
9.66 
9.65 
9.76 
9.67 
9.78 
9.76 
9.76 
9.65 
9.65 
9.67 
9.61 
9.  59 
9.66 
9.66 
9.62 
9.61 
9.61 
9.58 
9.55 
9.58 
9.57 
9.63 
(t) 
9.65 
9.68 

10.00 

10.05 

10.06 

(t) 

10.  03 

10.07 

10. 12 

10. 13 
10.08 
10.07 
10.11 
10.  08 
10.06 
10.10 
10.16 
10. 13 
10.08 
10.08 
10.06 
10.04 
10.05 
10.05 
10.10 
(t) 

10.04 

10.09 

10.11 

(t) 

10.08 

10.14 

10.15 

10.13 

10.09 

10.08 

10.12 

10.07 

10.04 

10.09 

10.14 

10.10 

10.07 

10.07 

10.04 

10.02 

10.05 

10.05 

10.09 

(t) 

10.12 

10.15 

10.02 

10.  08 

10.12 

(t) 

10.08 

10.17 

10.18 

10.15 

10.08 

10.06 

10.10 

10.05 

10.03 

10.07 

10.13 

10.09 

10.06 

10.06 

10.  03 

10.01 

10.  03 

10.01 

10.06 

(t) 

10.  09 

10.13 

10.09 

2 

10.16 

4 

10.19 

5 

(t) 

6      

10.16 

7 

10.25 

8 

10.20 

;i 

10. 22 

11 

12 

10.16 
10.13 

13 

14            

10.17 
10.11 

15 

16 

18 

19 

10.09 
10.14 
10.20 
10.15 

20 

10.11 

21 

10.12 

22 

10.08 

23 

10.06 

25 

10.07 

2G 

10.06 

27    

10.11 

(t) 

29 

10.14 

10.17 

2 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

M  ar. 
delivery. 

Dec 

9.53 
9.  57 
9.57 
9.57 
9.60 
9.00 
9.66 
9.62 

(t) 
9.66 
9.  02 
9.  63 
9.64 
9.61 
9.59 
9.58 
9.  Rl 
9.59 
9.61 
9.61 

(t) 
9.62 
9.  67 
9.67 

(*) 

9.58 
9.51 
9.62 
9.61 
9.  63 
9.63 
9.70 
9.65 

(t) 
9.69 
9.64 
9.65 
9.  04 
9.61 
9.59 
9.57 
9.62 
9.60 
9.01 
9.61 

(t) 
9.63 
9.67 
9.66 
9.00 
9.62 

9.60 
9.62 
9.63 
9.03 
9.  05 
9.65 
9.72 
9  66 
0) 

9.  70 
9.65 
9.06 
9.66 
9.63 
9.61 
9.60 
9.04 
9.62 
9.63 
9.63 
(+) 
9.65 
9.68 
9.  07 
9.02 
9.63 

9.66 
9.68 
9.69 
9.69 
9.71 
9.71 
9.78 
9.72 

(t) 
9.76 
9  71 
9.72 
9.72 
9.68 
9.  07 
9.66 
9.70 
9.68 
9.69 
9.69 

(t) 

9.70 
9.74 
9.  73 
9.68 
9.09 

10.10 

10.14 

10.15 

10.14 

10.14 

10.14 

10.18 

10.14 

10.14 

10.17 

10.14 

10.16 

10.16 

10. 11 

10.12 

10.08 

10.09 

10.08 

10.11 

10.11 

(t) 

10.12 

10.13 

10.  13 

10.13 

10.  08 

10.11 

10.11 

10.10 

10.11 

10.10 

10.14 

10.09 

10.09 

10.11 

10.08 

10.08 

10.08 

10.04 

10.05 

10.03 

10.05 

10.04 

10.  04 

10.03 

(t) 

10.04 

10.06 

10.05 

10.  02 

10.00 

10.12 

10.16 

10.16 

10.15 

10.16 

10.15 

10.19 

10.15 

10.14 

10.17 

10.13 

10. 13 

10.13 

10.09 

10.10 

10.08 

10.10 

10.09 

10.09 

10.08 

(t) 

10.  09 

10.  11 

10.10 

10.07 

10.07 

10.18 

3 

4 

10.21 
10.22 

5 

10.21 

6 

10.21 

10.21 

9 

10.25 

10 

10.  21 

11 

10.20 

12 

10.  23 

13 

10.19 

14 

10.19 

16 

10.19 

17 

10.15 

18 

10.16 

19 

10.14 

20 

10.16 

21 

10.15 

23  ..  , 

10.15 

24 

10.14 

25 

(t) 

26 

10.15 

27 

10.17 

28 

10.17 

30 

10.  14 

31 

10.15 

•Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  473 

Daily  (hid)  prices  of  cotton  " futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  \ew  York,  1SS0  tz  1S0S. 


New  Orleans. 

New 

Eork. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
deliver] . 

Jan. 

:l:  h-  61  j  ■ 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

A  pr. 
delivery. 

1890. 
1 

(t) 
9.68 
9.65 
9.69 
9.77 
9.88 

(t) 

ii.  or. 

9.97 
10.08 
10.04 
10.01 
10.06 
10.04 
10.16 
10.25 
10.28 
10.47 
10.49 
10.70 
10.  61 
10.73 
10.68 
(*) 

10.38 
10.55 

(t) 
9.70 
9.67 
9.73 
9.80 
9.89 
(t) 
9.96 
9.98 
10.08 
10.04 
9.98 
10.  or. 
10.02 
10.15 
10.23 

1". 'J? 
10.46 
10.48 
10. 69 
10.60 
10.72 
10.66 
10.5] 
10.  37 
10.54 
10.  37 

(t) 
9.  76 
9.74 
9.78 
9.86 
9.97 
(t) 

10.  04 
10.06 
10.15 
10.10 
10.  05 
10.  11 
10.09 
10.  22 
10.29 
10.33 
10.53 
30.55 
10   7''. 
10.67 
10.81 
10.75 
10.  58 
10.46 
10.  60 
10.45 

(t) 
9.83 
9.80 
9.85 
9.93 

(t) 

10.06 

10.03 

10.  06 

10.14 

10.19 

lo.  22 

10.26 

10.31 

10.41 

10.36 

10.32 

iu.  :su 

10.39 

10.  54 

10.60 

10.64 

10.70 

10.81 

11.02 

10.91 

11.03 

ln.07 

10.89 

10.85 

10.95 

(t) 

10.14 

10.12 

10.14 

10.21 

10.26 

10.27 

10.31 

10.35 

10.44 

10.39 

10.36 

10.40 

10.43 

10.58 

10.64 

10.67 

10.80 

10.84 

11.04 

10.93 

11.05 

10.  00 

10.92 

10.86 

10.95 

10.88 

(t) 

10.  23 
10.21 
10.22 

10.  29 
10.  34 

in.  Mi 

10.40 
10.43 
10.52 
10.46 
10.44 
10.48 
10.50 
10.64 
10.71 
10.74 
10.87 
10.91 
11.11 
11.00 
11.14 
11.06 
10.98 

10.01 

10.99 
10.92 

(t) 
10.30 

2 

3 

10.28 

4 

10.28 

6  ... 

10.30 

10.41 

8 

(t) 

10.11 

10.13 

10.22 

lo.  17 

10.11 

10.18 

10.16 

10.  29 

10.36 

10.41 

10.60 

10.62 

10.83 

10.74 

10.  88 

10.81 

10.65 

10.53 

10.66 

10.52 

10.43 

9 

10.48 

10 

10.51 

11 

10.60 

13 

10.54 

14 

10.51 

15 

10.55 

16 

10.57 

17 

10.70 

18 

10.78 

20 

10.81 

21 

10.93 

22 

10.97 

•j:: 

11.18 

24 

11.05 

25 

11.20 

•J7 

11.13 

28    

11.04 

20 

10.97 

:jo 

11.04 

31    . 

10.96 

1 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 

10.34 

10.39 

10.38 

10.48 

10.48 

10.62 

10.61 

10.72 

10.67 

10.61 

10.70 

10.72 

10.  6S 

10.67 

(t) 

10.60 

10.62 

10.57 

(t) 

10.60 

10.05 

(*) 

10.38 

10.  45 

10.41 

10.51 

10.51 

10.71 

10.64 

10.  ."7 

10.71 

10.63 

10.75 

10.77 

10.72 

10.70 

(t) 

in.  67 

10.70 

10.66 

(t) 

10.65 

10.66 

10.68 

10.70 

10.  77 

10.44 
10.51 
10.46 
10.57 
10.60 
10.77 
10.71 
10.  85 
10.79 
10.71 
10.83 
10.85 
10.80 
10.79 
(D 

10.75 
10.79 
10.74 
(t) 

10.73 
10.75 
10.75 
10.77 
10.84 

10.51 

10.58 

10.53 

10.63 

10.67 

10.84 

10.78 

10.93 

10.80 

10.78 

10.90 

10.92 

lo.  87 

10.86 

(t) 

10.84 

10.87 

10.83 

(t) 

10.81 

10.83 

10.83 

10.  85 

10.  92 

10.84 

10.91 

10.88 

10.95 

10.  99 

11.15 

11.07 

11.19 

11.14 

11.10 

11.21 

11.23 

11.22 

11.18 

11.13 

11.15 

11.19 

11.17 

(t) 

11.14 

11.14 

11.15 

10.88 

10.95 

10.91 

10.98 

11.02 

11.18 

11.09 

11.22 

11.15 

11.10 

11.  22 

11.26 

11.24 

11.20 

11.14 

11.17 

11.21 

11.18 

(t) 

11.15 

11.15 

11.17 

11.13 

11.20 

10.93 
10.99 
10.95 
11.01 
"     11.05 
11.22 
11.14 
11.27 
11.20 
11.11 
11.27 
11.30 
11.28 
11.24 
11.18 
11.22 
11.25 
11.22 
(t) 

11.19 
11.  20 
11.  21 
11.19 
11.25 

10.96 

3 

11.02 

4 

10.00 

5 

11.05 

6 

11.10 

7 

11.26 

8 

11.  17 

10 

11 

11.30 
11.25 

12 

11.19 

13 

11   31 

14 

11.34 

15 

11.33 

17 

18 

11.29 

1 1 .  22 

19 

11.2" 

2U 

11.30 

21 

11.27 

22 

(t) 

24 

11.23 

25 

11.24 

26 

11.26 

27 

11.24 

28 

11.30 

*  JJoniiual. 


t  Holiday. 


474 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xeiv  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

.Tune 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Ape. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1890. 
Mar.       1 

10.75 

10.74 

(t) 

10.82 

10.88 

10.93 

10.93 

11.08 

11.04 

11.00 

11.03 

11.01 

10.97 

10.  97 

10.85 

10.88 

10.96 

11.00 

11.02 

10.91 

10.  92 

11.03 

11.04 

11.06 

10.81 

10.81 

(t) 

10.89 

10.95 

11.00 

11.03 

11.14 

11.11 

11.04 

11.08 

11.05 

11.02 

11.01 

10.86 

10.89 

10.98 

11.04 

11.  03 

10.93 

10.94 

11.07 

11.04 

11.06 

11.07 

11.10 

10.88 

10.90 

(t) 

10.95 

11.02 

11.03 

11.10 

11.21 

11.18 

11.11 

11.15 

11.13 

11.09 

11.08 

10.  92 
10.97 
11.05 
11.12 
11.11 
11.01 

11.  02 
11.15 
11.12 
11.14 
11.15 
11.18 

10.95 

10.96 

<t) 

11.01 

11.08 

11.15 

11.17 

11.28 

11.25 

11.18 

11.22 

11.20 

11. 16 

11.15 

10.99 

11.04 

11.12 

11.19 

11.18 

11.08 

11.09 

11.22 

11.19 

11.21 

11.22 

11.25 

11.16 
11.15 
11.16 
11.  21 
11.30 
11.36 
11.31 
11.41 
11.37 
11.31 
11.33 
11.28 
11.25 
11.29 
11.18 
11.  21 
11.30 
11.37 
11.36 
11.28 
11.28 
11.  38 
11.38 
11.40 

11.21 
11.20 
11.20 
11.25 
11.34 
11.39 
11.35 
11.44 
11.39 
11.  34 
11.35 
11.30 
11.28 
11.32 
11.21 
11.24 
11.33 
U.39 
11.38 
11.30 
11.29 
11.39 
11.39 
11.40 
11.41 
11.44 

11.26 
11.25 
11.26 
11.30 
11.39 
11.45 
11.40 
11.49 
11.44 
11.38 
11.40 
11.35 
11.33 
11.36 
11.  25 
11. 29 
11.37 
11.43 
11.43 
11. 35 
11.34 
11.44 
11.43 

11  30 

3 

11  30 

4 

11.31 

5 

11.35 

6 

11.44 

7 

11.49 

8 

11.45 

10 

11.54 

11 

11.49 

12 

11.43 

13 

11.45 

14 

11.40 

15 

11.38 

17 

11.41 

18 

11.30 

19 

20 

21 

22 

11.34 
11.42 
11.49 
11.48 

•'4 

11.40 

25 

11.39 

26 

11.49 

27 

11   J8 

28 

11.44             11.48 

29 

11.45 
11.47 

11.49 

31 

11.51 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

.Tune 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

11.06 
11.06 
11.05 
(t)     ' 
11.04 
11.04 
11.06 
11.08 
11.08 
11.07 
11.09 
11.17 
11.29 
1 1 .  28 
11.30 
11.40 
11.50 
11.44 
11.42 
11.48 
11.53 
11.70 
11.80 
(*) 

11.14 

11.15 

11.12 

(t) 

11.14 

11.13 

11.16 

11.18 

11.18 

11.18 

11.19 

11.24. 

11.34 

11.36 

11.39 

11.53 

11.60 

11.51 

11.48 

11.54 

11.63 

11.71 

11.82 

11.86 

11.74 

11.71 

11.21 

11.22 

11.19 

(t) 

11.21 

11.19 

11. 23 

11.24 

11.24 

11.  24 

11.25 

11.31 

11.44 

11.27 

11.28 

11.20 

(t) 

11.27 

11.  26 

11.30 

11.30 

11.30 

11.30 

11.31 

11.37 

11.49 

11.39 

11.41 

11.41 

(t) 

11.44 

11.46 

11.49 

11.48 

11.51 

11.58 

11.60 

11.64 

11.69 

11.71 

11.67 

11.76 

11.76 

11.79 

11.72 

11.80 

11.84 

11.  85 

11.92 

11.94 

11.84 

11.41 

11.43 

11.44 

(t) 

11.47 

11.48 

11.52 

11.50 

11.52 

11.59 

11.61 

11.65 

11.71 

11.73 

11.70 

11.78 

11.80 

11.81 

11.73 

11.81 

11.86 

11.87 

11.93 

11.95 

11.86 

11.86 

11.45 

11.47 

11.48 

(t) 

11.50 

11.50 

11.54 

11.52 

11.52 

11.59 

11.61 

11.64 

11. 72 

11.49 

11.51 

3 

11.52 

4 

(t) 
11.54 

5 

7 

11.  54 

8 

11.57 

9 

11.55 

10 

11.55 

11 

11.60 

12 

11.63 

14 

11.66 

15 

11.74 

16 

11.45  |        11.52 
11.47           11.54 

11.73  1          11.74 

17 

11.70             11.71 

18 

11.02 
11.69 
11.59 
11.56 
11.65 
11.73 
11.79 
11.90 
11.89 
11.76 
11.74 

11.68 
11.76 
11.68 
11.66 
11.74 
11.83 
11.89 
11.98 
11.97 
11.85 
11.82 

11.78  1          11.80 

19 

11.80              11.81 

21 

11.81 
11. 72 
11.81 
11.87 
11.88 
11.93 
11.95 
11.87 
11.87 

11.82 

22 

11.73 

23 

11.82 

24 

11.88 

IT) 

11.89 

26 

11.94 

28 

11.95 

29 

11.88 

30 

11.88 

1 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  475 

Daily  {hid)  prices  uf  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  Tori:,  1880  to  : 


New  Orleans. 

2s'ew  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delis  ery. 

July 

•  Ii  livery. 

Aug. 
delivery 

May 

delivery. 

Juno           July 
delivery,   delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

1890. 
May       l 

11.70 
11.73 
1 1 .  75 
11.73 
LI.  67 
11.65 
11.60 
1 1 .  65 
11.73 
11.70 
11.74 
1 1 .  75 
11.74 
11.70 
11.72 
11.75 
11.82 
1 1 .  87 
1 1 .  82 
11.80 
11.  - 1 1 
1 1 .  83 
11.95 
11.85 
(*) 

11.73 
11.76 
1 1 .  79 
11.80 
11.73 
11.70 
11.69 
11.73 
11.81 
11.80 
1 1 .  82 
11.82 
11.82 
11.80 
11.80 
1 1 .  89 
11.90 
11.98 
11.93 
11.92 
11.88 
11.93 
12.01 
11.95 
11.90 
11.95 
11.95 

11.80 
11. 84 
11.87 

11.88 

11.  Ml 

11.77 
11.78 
11.82 
11.89 

1 1 .  88 
11.90 
11.88 
11.89 
11.86 
11.87 
11.99 
12.00 
12.09 
12.06 
12.04 
12.00 
12.07 

12.  15 
12.  in 
12.04 
12.09 
12.07 

11.71 
11.74 

11,77 

11.71 
UL68 
11.68 
11.73 
11.80 
11.78 
11.81 
11.80 
11.82 

11.  Ml 

11.80 
11.92 
11.98 
12.08 
12.05 
12.04 
12.00 
12.07 
12.16 

12.  11 
12.06 
12.11 
12.08 

11.85 
11.90 
11  93 
11.97 
11  92 

11.86 
11  90 

11.. -7 

11.83 
11.87 
11.01 
11.95 
11.01 

2 

3 

11.93            11.94 
11.97  ]         11.99 

1  1    <!•■    '            11    09 

5 

f, 

7 

11    07                                    ii    oi 

8 

a.  92 

11.95 

11.  95 

11.92            11.94 

11.95           11.07 
11 .  95             1 1    Qfi 

9 

11.05 

1(1 

12 

11.94             11.94            11.95 
11.98           n   os           1 1   OQ 

13 

14 

11.95 
11.96 

11.  OS 
12.07 
L2.25 
12.28 

12.  37 
12.35 
12.  30 
12. 35 
12.47 
12.70 
12.65 

11.96  11.07 

11.97  11.98 
11.99           12.00 
12.10           12.13 
12.20            12.  JO 
12.30           IS  :« 

11.04 

15 

16 

17 

19 

20 

2] 

12.39 
12.36 
12.36 

12.35 

12.47 

12. 70 

12.61 

12. 45 

(t) 

(t) 

12.  43 
12.41 
12.42 

12.41 

12.53 

12.70 
12.  60 
12.51 
(t) 
(t) 

1°  30 

•»•> 

23 

l9  31 

24 

1"  27 

■jo 

1°  36 

27 

1°  50 

28 

1°  49 

29 

l9  36 

(t) 
(t) 

(t) 
(t) 

Juno 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 

delivery. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

Tune      2 

11.85 
11.84 
11.74 
11.70 
11.74 
11.70 
11.73 
11.60 
11  50 

11.95 
11.89 
11.84 
11.82 
11.82 
11.7o 
11.77 
11.65 
11.55 
11.49 
11.65 
11.66 
1 1 .  59 
11.60 
11.54 
11.47 
11.53 
11.47 
11.  10 
11.39 
11.34 
11.34 
11.39 
11.44 
11.37 

11.97 
11.90 
11.86 
11.82 
11.83 
11.77 
11.77 
11.62 
11.49 
11.40 
11.56 
11.61 
11.54 
1 1 .  55 
11.53 
11.45 
11.51 
11.43 
11.34 
11.33 
11.30 
1 1 .  29 

11.31 

11.:::, 
11.26 

10.80  t 

lo.  78 

10.80 

10.75 

10.76 

10.73 

1(1.73 

10.65 

10.  63 

10.58 

L0.65 

10.65 

10.59  i 

10.57  ! 

10.57  i 

10.  53 

10.58 

10.  52 

10.47 

10.  44 

10.45 

in.  17 

in.  u; 
10.49 

10.  4ti 

12.  35 
12.21 
12.23 
12.19 

12.18 

12.  22 
12.  24 

12.40 
12.  20 
12.29 
12.24 
12.  21 

12.24 
12.26 

12.27 
12.11 
12.  i:; 
12.10 
12.09 
12.  12 
12.  16 
12.  05 
11.85 
11.79 
11.96 
11.98 
11.89 
11.  85 
11.77 
11.74 
11.88 
11.78 
11.67 
11.63 
11.57 
11.59 
11.67 
11.77 
11.64 

11.35 
11.  27 
11.27 
11.27 
11.20 
11.23 
11.21 
11.14 
11.10 
11.06 
11.14 
11.14 
11.07 
11.05 
11.03 
11.01 
11.05 
10.98 
10.88 
10.87 
10.  88 
10.85 

ll'.SS 

:; 

4 

6 

7 

g 

lo 

ii 

12 

13 

14 

16 

17 

18 

11.48 
11.58 
11.62 
11.55 

1 1 .  55 
11  5(1 

11.92 
12.  09 
12.13 
12.04 
12.01 

11.92 
12. 10 

12.14 
12.05 

12.02 

19 

11.45 
11.51 
11.46 

11.45 
11.40 
11.35 
11.40 

20 

11.98 

11.86 

1 1 .  75 
11.70 
11.70 
11.74 

11    77 

11.98 
11.86 
11.73 

11.73 
11.67 

11.71 

21 

23    

•J  4 

•jr. 

26 

27 

28 

11  85           1 1  Rr> 

30 

11.71 

10  86 

*2Coiuiiiul. 


t  Holiday. 


476  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES" 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New 

Zork. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

J  illy 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery . 

Oct. 
delivery. 

July 

1890. 
1 

11.43 

11.48 

11.45 

(t) 

(t) 

11.41 

11.47 

11.70 

11.65 

11.67 

11.65 

11.78 

11.78 

11.76 

11.  82 

11.79 

11.80 

11.83 

11.83 

12.00 

11.95 

11.90 

11.90 

11.95 

11.95 

11.  33 

11.36 

11.34 

(t) 

It) 

11.29 

11.38 

11.60 

11.53 

11.53 

11.49 

11.62 

11.66 

11.63 

11.68 

11.68 

11.68 

11.71 

11.76 

11.88 

11.90 

11.87 

11.86 

11.90 

11.90 

11.98 

11.93 

10.48 

10.50 

10.48 

(t) 

(t) 

10.42 

10.45 

10.38 

10.39 

10.42 

10.42 

10.52 

10.57 

10.52 

10.59 

10.56 

10.57 

10.61 

10.53 

10.  53 

10.56 

10.55 

10.56 

10.61 

10.62 

10. 62 

10.59 

10.13 

10.14 

10.13  ! 

(t) 

(t) 

10.09 

10.12 

10.06 

10.08 

10.10 

10.10 

10.20 

10.26 

10.2] 

10.26 

10.25 

10.27 

10.29 

10.  20 

10.15 

10.17 

10.16 

10.17 

10.21 

10.19 

10.19 

10.17 

11.83 

11.86 

11.90 

(t) 

(t) 

11.77 

11.87 

11.85 

11.88 

11.89 

11.88 

11.98 

12.14 

12.11 

12.27 

12.19 

12.24 

12.  43 

12.33 

12.26 

12.24 

12.23 

12.26 

12.38 

12.41 

12.23 

12.05 

11.72 
11.73 
11.73 

rt) 
(t) 

11.61 
11.69 
11.69 
11.72 
11.73 
11. 72 
11.85 
11.98 
11.88 
11.99 
11.95 
11.98 
12.13 
12.04 
11.96 
11.96 
11.94 
11.96 
12.03 
12.06 
11.98 
11.90 

10.89 

10.89 

10.86 

(t) 

(t) 

10.79 

10.81 

10.77 

10.81 

10.84 

10.86 

10.95 

11.01 

10.94 

11.01 

10.99 

11.01 

11.07 

11.00 

10.94 

10.95 

10.94 

10.98 

11.07 

11.07 

11.02 

11.01 

10.62 

9 

10.62" 

3 

10.59 

4 

(t) 

5 

<t) 

7 

10.53 

8 

10.56 

9 

10.51 

10 

10.54 

n       

10.57 

12 

10.59 

14 

10.67 

15 

10.71 

16 

10.65 

17 

10.73 

]g 

10.70 

19 

10.72 

21 

10.77 

22 

10.68 

23 

10.  02 

24 

10.63 

25 

10.  62 

26 

10.65 

28 

10.69 

29 

10.71 

30 

10.66 

31  .. 

10.65 

1 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 

11.92 
11.92 
11.92 
11.92 
11.95 
11.95 
11.93 
11.91 
11.88 
11.80 
11. 73 
11.72 
11.68 
11.51 
11.29 
11.25 
11.18 
10.90 
10.75 
]0.80 
10.70 
10.67 
10.65 
10.85 

10.59 
10.59 
10.60 
10.62 
10.63 
10.66 
10.65 
10.67 
10.66 
10.57 
10.52 
10.53 
10.  52 
10.45 
10.38 
10.34 
10.33 
10.23 
10.22 
10.26 
10.14 
10.13 
10.18 
10.12 
10.  08 
10.00 

10. 17 

10.17 

10.18 

10.20 

10.19 

10.20 

10.19 

10.24 

10.22 

10.16 

10.12 

10.12 

10.11 

10.07 

10.03 

10.03 

10.02 

9.96 

9.98 

10.00 

9.93 

9.93 

9.97 

9.91 

9.87 

9.80 

10.08 

10.08 

10.09 

10.11 

10.10 

10.09 

10.09 

10.13 

10.12 

10.07 

10.03 

10.  02 

10.03 

9.99 

9.97 

9.96 

9.95 

9.90 

9.92 

9.94 

9.89 

9.89 

9.93 

9.88 

9.84 

9.77 

11.91 
11.93 
11.93 
11.98 
12. 06 
12.11 
12.05 
12. 00 
12.02 
11.93 
11.92 
11.88 
11.83 
11.77 
11.65 
11.65 
1 1 .  55 
11.32 
11.09 
11.11 
10.79 
10.73 
10.76 
10.75 
(*) 

11.01 
11.02 
11.00 
11.06 
11.07 
11.07 
11.09 
11.10 
11.16 
11.08 
11.04 
11.05 
11.03 
10.97 
10.86 
10.86 
10.R3 
10.71 
10.75 
10.80 
10.64 
10.67 
10.72 
10.72 
10.67 
10.58 

10.65 
10.65 
10.  65 
10.69 
10.69 
10.70 
10.71 
10.70 
10.74 
10.66 
10.62 
10.03 
10.62 
10.60 
10.56 
10.60 
10.57 
10.51 
10.55 
10.58 
10.48 
10.47 
10.51 
10.48 
10.42 
10.34 

10.50 

2 

10.50 

4 

10.50 

5 

10.54 

6 

10.53 

7 

10.54 

8 

10.55 

9 

10.54 

11 

10.58 

12 

10.50 

13 

10.47 

14 

10.48 

15 : 

10.47 

16 

10.45 

18 

10.42 

19 

10.45 

20 

10.42 

21 

10.39 

22 

10. 42 

23 

10.45 

25 

10.37 

26 

10.38 

27 

10.42 

28 

10.39 

29 

10.33 

30  ... 

10.26 

•Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  477 

Daily  (bid)  j)rices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  Xeiv  York,  1SSO  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
ili-lh  ery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1890. 
Sept.       1 

9.95 
9.  97 
B.  8  i 
9.71 

9.  7s 
9.  79 
9.80 
9. 86 
9.72 
9.73 
9.71 
9.74 
9.76 
9.75 
9.74 
9.67 
9.72 
9.78 
9.82 
9.82 
9.82 
9.92 
9.83 
9.80 

9.  76 
9.  78 

9.72 
9.  62 
9.  70 

9.  23 

9. 7."". 
9.70 
9.  59 
9.  68 

9.74 
9.76 
9.71 

9.00 
9.69 
9.70 
9.73 
9.79 
9.65 
9.67 
9.66 
9.  69 
9.70 
9.67 
9.66 
9.  62 
9.66 
9.70 
9.71 
9.70 
9.70 
9.85 
9.  75 
9.73 
9.81 
9.76 

(t) 
10.52 

10.  49 
10.33 

10.38 
10.4:; 
10.41 
10.48 
10.33 
10.39 
10.  39 

10.  12 

1(1.44 
10.  42 
10.37 
10.  33 

10.  35 

(t) 

10.28 

10.25 

10.12 

10.16 

10.17 

L0.22 

10.28 

10.  16 

10.20 

10.18 

10.  21 

10.  22 

10.23 

10.20 

10. 16 

10.20 

(r) 

10.23 
10.20 

10.07 
10.14 
10.14 
10.18 
10.  20 
10.09 
10. 14 
10.13 
10.  16 
10.18 
10.18 
10.14 
10.12 
10.14 
10.16 
10.17 
10.16 
10.  17 
10.28 
10.  IS 
10.17 
10.  21 
10.17 

(t) 

10.23 

3 

10. 19 

4 

10.07 

5 

10. 14 

6 

9. 70            9.69 
9.72  :          9.72 
9.79  1           9.78 

10.  13 

8 

10.18 

a 

10.20 

10  ... 

9.  65 

9.66 
9.  65 
9.69 
9.71 
9.  68 

9.67 
9.61 

9.66 
9.70 
9.70 
9.70 
6.70 
9.84 
9.74 
9.  72 
9.80 
9.76 

9.64 
9.66 
9.64 
9.68 
9.69 
9.66 
9.65 
9.61 
9.65 
9.68 
9.69 
9.69 
9.68 
9.84 
9.73 
9.71 
9.78 
9.73 

10.09 

n 

10.  13 

12 

10.  13 

13 

10.16 

15 

10.17 

IB 

10. 18 

17 

10.  14 

18 

10.11 

19 

10. 14 

20 

10.  33  1         10. 19 
10.  29           10.  18 
10.20           10.15 
10.  30           10. 17 
10. 31           10.  27 
10.20           10.18 

10. 18  1        10. 16 

10. 19  10. 19 
10.15  !        10.16 

10.15 

22 

10.16 

23 

10.15 

24 

10.  17 

25 

10.  28 

26 

10.  20 

27 

10.18 

10.24 

10.  20 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
drlivery. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Oct.        1 

9.75 
9.83 
9.80 
9.78 
9.83 
9.91 
9. 82 
9.85 
9.76 
9.  75 
9.  73 
9.04 
9.69 
9.70 
9.66 
9.62 
9.57 
9.65 
9.64 
9.55 
9.50 
9.  46 
9.45 
9.40 
9.40 
9.41 

9.73 
9.80 
9.77 
9.74 
9.  79 
9.89 
9.80 
9.82 
9.74 
9.73 
9.68 
9.  (in 
9.66 
9.67 
9.  64 
9.  58 
9.53 
9.61 
9.61 
9.56 
9.  50 
9.  46 
9.45 
9.42 
9.43 
9.41 
9.31 

9.76 
9.83 
9.80 
9.77 
9.82 
9.  92 
9.  83 
9.85 
9.77 
9.76 
9.71 
9.63 
9.69 
9.70 
9.67 
9.62 
9.  57 
9.65 
9.67 
9.61 
9.55 
9.51 
9.51 
9.47 
9.49 
9.46 
9.37 

9.85 
9.91 
9.88 
9.85 
9.90 
10.00 
9.91 
9.93 
9.85 
9.83 
9.79 
9.70 
9.76 
9.78 
9.  71 
9.69 
9.65 
9  72 
9.71 
9.68 
9.62 
9.58 
9.58 
9.  54 
9.  55 
9.53 
9.44 

10.15 
10.21 
10.19 
10.16 
10.17 
10.  --'4 
10.19 
10.17 
10.12 
10. 13 
10.09 
10.02 
10.01 
10.03 
9.99 
9.93 
9.82 
9.90 
9.92 
9.S9 
9.80 
9.81 
9.79 
9.80 
9.77 
9.77 
9.66 

10.18 
10.  23 
10.21 
10.17 
10.19 
10.  25 
10.21 
10.19 
10.12 
10.12 
10.07 
10.03 
10.  02 
10.05 
10.01 
9.95 
9.87 
9.93 
9.94 
9.91 

9.80 

9.  80 

9.  75 
9.78 
9.77 
9.77 
9.66 

10.22 
10.26 
10.24 
10.20 
10.23 
10.29 
10. 25 
10.25 
10.16 
10.16 
10.  11 
10.07 
10.06 
10.11 
10.06 
10.01 
9.93 
9.99 
10.01 
9.97 
9.86 
9.  8 1 
9.81 
9.  82 
9.82 
9.82 
9.72 

10.27 
10.31 
10.30 
10.26 
10.29 
10.35 
10.31 
10.32 

2 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13 

10.17 

14 

15 

10.12 

16 

17 

18 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

9  80 

t  Holiday. 


478 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


)aily  (lid)  prices  of  cotton  "future  s"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  YorJc,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  eTwk. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

9.41 
9.37 

(t) 
9.32 
9.32 
9.26  i 

9.31  J 

9.17  1 
9.23 
9.26  1 

9.32  1 
9.24 
9.26 
9.21 
9.14 
9.09  ; 
9.13 
9.20 
9.  20 

9.18  ! 
9.10 
9.  10  ! 

ft) 
9.05 
9.06 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1890. 
Nov.      1 

9.  22 

it!  14 

(t) 

9.10 
9.11 
9.05 
9.09 
8.99 
9.04 
9.05 
9.10 
9.05 
9.04 
9.00 
8.90 
8.80 
8.88 
8.90 
8.95 
8.92 
8.82 
8.80 
(t) 

9.27 
9.23 

(t) 

9.18 
9.18 
9.12 
9.16 
9.14 
9.09 
9.11 
9.17 
9.  10 
9.12 
9,U 
8.96 
8.87 
8.92 
8.95 
9.01 
8.32 
8.82 
8.82 

(f) 

8.78 
8.80 

9.35 
9.30 

(1) 
9.25 
9.24 
9.19 
9.24 
9.10 
9.16 
9.19 
9.  25 
9.17 
9.19 
9.13 
9.06 
9.  00 
9.04 
9.  10 
9.16 
9.08 
9.01 
9.00 

(t) 
8.94 
8.95 

9.56 
9.48 

(t) 
9.39 
9. 33 
9.25 
9.29 
9.16 
9.19 
9.27 
9.35 
9.32 
9.34 
9.24 
9.11 
9.11 
9.11 
9.18 
9.32 
9.28 
9.18 
9.22 

ft) 

9.61 
9.54 

ft) 
9.47 
9.43 
9.44 
9.46 
9.31 
9.34 
9.42 
9.47 
9.40 
9.41 
9.31 
9.20 
9.17 
9.16 
9.23 
9.36 
9.30 
9.20 
9.20 

(t) 
9.15 
9.16 

9.68 
9.63 

(t) 
9.56 
9.53 
9.53 
9.56 
9.41 
9.43 
9.52 
9.57 
9.51 
9.52 
9.44 
9.33 
9.31 
9.30 
9.35 
9.48 
9.41 
9.31 
9.33 

(t) 
9.27 
9.27 

9.74 

a 

9.68 

4 

ft) 

9.62 

5 

6 

9.59 

7 

9.60 

8 

9.62 

10 

9.47 

11 

9.51 

12 

9.59 

13 

9.64 

14 

9.58 

15 

9.60 

17 

9.53 

18 

9. 13 

19 

9.41 

20 

9.40 

21 

9.44 

.... 

9.57 

24 

9.50 

25 

9.41 

26 

9.43 

27 

(t) 
9.38 

28 

29 

j 

9.37 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Max. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec-       1 

8.74 
8.72 
8.77 
8.85 
8.81 
8.76 
8.75 
8.82 
8.80 
8.78 
8.75 
8.  65 
8.77 
8.71 
8.70 
8.70 
8.70 
8.68 
8.63 
8.59 
8.56 
(t) 
8.  52 
8.  62 
8.65 

8.88 
8.88 
8.92 
8.9S 
8.  94 
8.88 
8.85 
8.91 
8.93 
8.83 
8.83 
8.81 
8.84 
8.81 
8.82 
8.80 
8.78 
8.77 
8.70 
8.62 
8.58 
(t) 
8.56 
8.  62 
8.70 
8.72 
8.81 

8.99 
9.01 
9.  00 
9.11 
9.08 
9.  02 
8.99 
9.05 
9.07 
8.98 
8.99 
8.96 
9.00 
8.97 
8.99 
8.98 
8.97 
8.95 
8.88 
8.82 
8.78 
ft) 
8.76 
8.78 
8.84 
8.88 
8.92 

9.12 
9.14 
9.18  ' 
9.  24 
9.22 
9.15 
9. 13  , 
9.19 
9.21 
9.12 
9.13 
9. 11 
9.  14 
9.12 
9.14 
9.12 
9.11 
9.08 
9.00 
8.93 
8.91 
(t) 
8.91 
8.  92 
8.97 
9.02 
9.05 

9.08 
9.07 
9.  14 
9.18 
9. 13 
9.  06 
9.00 
9.06 
9.02 
9.01 
9.00 
9.  02 
9.09 
9.03 
9.04 
9.00 
9.07 
9.03 
8.93 
8.82 
8.78 
(t) 
8,  80 
8.81 

9.20 
9.20 
9.27 
9.32 
9.25 
9.19 
9.13 
9.19 
9.18 
9.13 
9.11 
9.10 
9.17 
9.12 
9.12 
9.07 
9.09 
9.06 
8.  95 
8.84 
8.82 
ft) 
8.81 
8.82 
8.  95 
8.97 
9.C8 

9.31 
9.32 
9.40 
9.44 
9.40 
9.33 
9.28 

9.40 

9.41 

3 

9.49 

4 

9.54 

9.50 

6 

9. 43 

8 

9.  36t 

9 

9.36               9.  IB 

10 

9.35 
9.29 
9.29 
9.27 
9.34 
9.  29 
9.30 
9.25 
9.25 
9.  22 
9.11 
9.04 
9.02 
(t) 
9.  01 
9.  00 
9.  08 
9.12 
9.15 

9.  10 

11 

9.39 

12 

1).  40 

13 

9.38 

15 

9.45 

16 

9.40 

17 

9.41 

18 

9.38 

19 

9.38 

20 

9.  35 

22 

9.24 

23 

9.18 

24 

9.16 

(t) 
9. 16 

26 

•'7 

9.15 

29 

9.  22 

30 

(*) 

9.  27 

31 

9.26 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  479 

Daily  (bid) prices  of  cotton  "futures''  in  New  Orleans  and  Nt  iv  York,  1880  to  1S93. 


New  OrleanB. 

New  York. 

.Ian. 

delii  I'lv. 

Fob. 
ilclh  ery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
ili'li\  ery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1891. 

Jan.       1 

(t) 
8.88 
9.  06 
8.86 
8.85 
9.08 

(t) 
9.06 
9.11 
9.  15 
9.  15 
9. 12 
9.10 
9.05 
8.90 
8.  94 
8.90 
B.  95 
8.90 
8.  92 
s.  95 
8.90 
8.  75 
8.75 
8.80 

(t) 
9.03 
9.15 
9.  oi 
8.97 
9.16 

(t) 
9.19 
9.  17 
9.  21 
9.  -J."' 
9.22 
9.  17 
9.09 
8.98 
8.97 
8.  95 
8.97 
8.94 
8.91 
8.90 
8.89 
8.79 
8.77 
8.83 
8.82 
8.  72 

(t) 
9.14 
9.28 
9.  12 
9.09 
9.27 

9.29 
It.  29 
9.  30 
9.  35 

9.34 
9.  26 
9.17 
9.04 
9.  02 
9.02 
9.04 
8.99 
8.  04 
8.93 
8.94 
8.84 
8.  82 
8.88 
8.86 
8.78 

(t) 
9.  25 
9.  37 
9.  22 
9.  20 
9.36 

9.  39 
9.  36 
9.  39 
9.45 
9.  42 
9.  35 
9.  25 
9.12 
9.10  , 
9.  1 1 
9.12 
0.07 
9.01  , 
9.00 
9.01 
8.91  , 
8.90 
8.96 
8.94 
8.87 

(t) 
9. 1 1 
9.23 
9.12 
9.09 
o.  22 
9.21 
9.  22 
9.  26 
9.  25 
9.30 
9.  28 
9.26 
9.  22 
9.13 
9.13 
9.10 
9.12 
9.09 
9.  04 
9.03 
9.09 
9.00 
9.00 
9.02 
9.08 

(t) 
9.24 
9.34 
9.23 

0.  10 

9.34 

o.  :;i 
9.33 
9.34 
9.  34 
9.  38 
9.  37 
9.31 
9.  26 
9.  17 
9.15 
9.  U 

0.  1  1 
9.11 
9.06 
9.  04 
9.  09 
9.00 
9.  00 
9.03 
o.  12 
9. 00 

(t) 
o..;7 
9.  IT 
9.35 
9.30 
9.46 
9.44 
9.  13 
0.47 
9.  47 
9.51 
9.  50 
9.  42 
0.37 
9.  27 
9.  24 
9.  23 
o.  23 
9.  20 
o.  15 
9.14 
0.  17 
9.07 
9.  06 
9.08 
9.  21 
0.  HI 

(t) 

9.51 

:t 

9.61 

9.  4T 

G 

o.  13 

9.60 

8 

o  57 

9 

9.  57 

10 

9.  60 

12 

9.01 

13 

9.64 

14 

9.63 

]f> 

9. 54 

16 

9.  48 

17 

o.  38 

10 

9.  ::."> 

20    

9.34 

L'l 

9.34 

22 

9.  31 

23 

9.26 

24    

9.  25 

26 

9.28 

27 

9.  18 

0.07 

29 

9.18 

30 

9.31 

31 

9.  13 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb       2    

8.67 
8.07 
8.  To 
8.70 
8.65 
R.  61 
8.  64 
(t) 
8.67 
B.  65 
8.60 
8.55 
8.50 
8.42 
8.34 
8.58 
8.  12 
8.45 
8.4(1 
8.52 
8.  42 
8.45 

8.75 
8.76 
8.  71 
8.  75 
8.67 
8.63 
8.64 
(t) 
8.  66 
8.63 
8.66 
8.52 
8.48 
-     - 
8.32 
8.55 
8.40 
B.  12 
8.34 
S.  49 
8.40 
8.  13 
8.40 
8.40 

8.83 
8.85 
8.  82 
-    - 
8.75 
8.71 
8.71 
(f) 
8.74 
8.71 
8.  63 
8.59 
8.54 
8.42 
8.40 
8.64 
6.  17 
8.58 
8.43 
8.59 
8.48 
8.51 
8.47 
8.45 

8.91 
8  93 
8.90 
8  92 
8.84 
8.79 
8.80 

(ft 

8.83 
8.80 
8.  72 
8.67 
8.63 
8.50 
8.49 
8.71 
8.54 
8.56 
8.  50 
8.66 
8.57 
8.59 
8.  .".4 
8.52 

8.98 
8.99 
8.98 
8.98 
8.  93 
8. 93 
8.92 
g  93 
8.  04 
8.  92 
8.86 
8.81 
8.82 
8.73 
8.70 
8.86 
8.74 
8.79 
(t) 
8.78 
8.72 
8.75 

9.02 
9.  02 
9.02 
9.  03 
8.97 
8.  96 
8.  95 
8.96 
8.  95 
8.93 
8.  B7 
8.  82 
8.81 
8.72 
8.68 
8.84 
8.73 
8.69 
(t) 

8.76 
8.  69 
8.73 
8.70 
8.65 

9.12 
9.11 
9.12 
9.  13 
9.  06 
9.  05 

0.  04 

9.  05 

9.  oi 
9.02 
8.95 

S.  01 

8. 89 
8.  To 
8.  70 
8.  93 
8.81 
8.  78 
(tj 
8.86 
8.78 
8.  82 
8.80 
8.  T4 

9.21 

3 

9.21 

4 

9.  21 

9.22 

0 

9.15 

9.14 

9 

9.13 

10 

9.13 

11 

9.13 

12 

9.  1 1 

13 

9.  04 

14 

o.  on 

it; 

8.  98 

17 

8.87 

18 

8.84 

19 

9.  03 

20 

L'l 

8.90 

8.87 

23 

(t) 

L'l 

8.95 

25 

26 

8.91 

8.  89 

28  ... 

8.81 

1 

t  Holiday. 


480  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Bally  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
deliver}'. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1891. 
Mar.      2 

8.38 
8.39 
(D 
8.40 
8.36 
8.38 
8.48 
8.45 

8.43 
8.38 
(t) 
8.40 
8.36 
8.37 
8.48 
8.46 

8.46 
8.42 
(t) 
8.46 
8.41 
8.43 
8.53 
8.52 
8.54 

8.55 
8.49 
(t) 
8.53 
8.47 
8.49 
8.59 
8.  57 

8  7(1 

8.58 
8.53 
8.54 
8.57 
8.50 
8.50 
8.64 
8.62 
8.73 
8.82 
8.72 
8.84 
8.75 
8.75 
8.81 
8.72 
8.67 
8.71 
8.60 
8.75 
8.72 
8.77 
(f) 
8.74 
8.68 

8.66 
8.61 
8.62 
8.64 
8.56 
8.57 
8.71 
8.70 
8.78 
8.87 
8.77 
8.88 
8.77 
S.77 
8.84 
8.74 
8.70 
8.73 
8.70 
8.77 
8.74 
8.78 
(t) 
8.74 
8.71 
8.70 

8.75 
8.70 
8.70 
8.73 
8.66 
8.66 
8.80 
8.79 
8.87 
8.96 
8.87 
8.97 
8.87 
8.87 
8.94 
8.83 
8.80 
8.82 
8.80 
8.86 
8.83 
8.86 
(t) 
8.82 
8.79 
8.78 

8,81 

3 

4 

8  78 

5 

8.82 
8  74 

6 

7 

8  75 

g 

8  89 

10 

8  88 

ii 

8.55  1          8.58 
8.  52             8.  53 

8.96 
9  05 

12 

8.  67             8.  74 
8.  60  ;          8.  66  , 
8.73  :          8.79 
8.63             8.70 
8.59  1          8.66 
8  67            «  ?a  1 

13 

8.55 
8.65 
8.59 
8.56 
8.63 
8.53 
8.52 
8.52 
8.48 
8.56 
8.52 
8.52 
(t) 
8.49 
8.44 

8.54 
8.66 
8.57 
8.54 
8.61 
8.51 
8.50 
8.52 
8.48 
8.55 
8.52 
8.52 
(t) 
8.49 
8.44 
8.45 

14 

9  06 

16 

8  97 

17 

8  96 

18         

19 

8.56 
8.56 
8.58 
8.54 
8.61 
8.58 
8.59 
ft) 
8.55 
8.52 
8.52 

8.63 
8.63 
8.65  1 

8.61  1 
s.  67 
8.65  I 
8.66 
(t) 
8.62 
8.59 
8.59 

8  93 

20 

21 

8  91 

23 

8  89 

24 

25 

8.95 
8.92 
8  95 

26 

27 

(t) 

28 

30 

8  88 

31 

8  88 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

8.46 
8.46 
8.43 
8.42 
8.41 
8.39 
8.36 
8.39 
8.  45 
8.38 
8.38 
8.32 
8.33 
8.34 
8.33 
8.30 
8.20 
8.24 
8.29 
8.27 
8.20 
8.22 
8.00 
7.98 
8.12 

8.53 
8.52 
8.45 
8.46 
8.45 
8.43 
8.41 
8.43 
8.50 
8.46 
8.40 
8.38 
8.38 
8.39 
8.36 
8.31 
8.20 
8.24 
8.29 
8.27 
8.25 
8.22 
8.00 
7.98 
8.15 
8.10 

8.61 
8.60 
8.53 
8.53 
8.53 
8.50 
8.48 
8.49 
8.58 

8.60 
8.67 
8.60 
8.60 
8.60 
8.57 
8.56 
8.57 
8  K6 

8.73 
8.72 
8.66 
8.66 
8.67 
8.65 
8.62 
8.61 
8.68 
8.67 
8.63 
8.57 
8.54 
8.58 
8.57 
8.52 
8.47 
8.52 
8.62 

8.81 
8.80 
8.78 
8.74 
8.75 
8.71 
8.67 
8.68 
8.75 
8.72 
8.68 
8.62 
8.61 
8.63 
8.62 
8.57 
8.50 
8.55 
8  fi5 

8.90 

8.89 
8.83 
8.82 
8.82 
8.80 
8.76 
8.77 
8.84 
8.81 
8  76 
8.71 
8.69 
8.72 
8.70 
8.65 
8.58 
8.64 
8.74 
8.74 
8.70 
8.67 
8.66 
8.02 
8.68 
8.81 

2 

8  97 

3 

8  92 

4 

8  91 

6 

8  9"' 

7 

8  88 

8 

8  84 

9 

8  85 

10 

8  92 

11 

8.53  |          8.61 
8. 47             8  55 

8  89 

13 

8  85 

14 

8.45 
8.45 
8.46 
8.44 
8.39 
8.28 
8.33 
8.38 
8.37 
8.35 
8.32 
8.24 
8.19 
8.26 

8.52 
8.52 
8.54 
8.51 
8.46 
8.35 
8.41 
8.47 
8.46 
8.43 
8.41 
8.34 
9.30 
8.37 

8.79 

15 

8  78 

16 

8  80 

17 

8  78 

18 

8  74 

20 

8  67 

21 

8  73 

22 

8  83 

23 

8.  60            8.  64 

8.83 

24 

8.61 
8.60 
8.58 
8.54 
(*) 
8.63 

8.62 
8.60 
8.58 
8.54 
8.60 
8.72 

8  79 

25 

8  77 

27 

8  75 

28 

8  71 

29 

7  77 

30 

8.29  1          8.39 

1 

8.90 

t  Holiday. 


*  Nominal. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTUK1  B."  481 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xeiv  Orleans  and  Xcw  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


Xru-  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June     <     July 
delivery,  delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

-T 1 1 lit ■ 

delix  ery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

1891. 
May       1 

8.05 

8.05 

8.  IS 

- 

8.  16 

8.15 

8.15 

8.  17 

8.15 

8.10 

8.08 

8.  10 

8.00 

8.00 

8.08 

8.U) 

8.05 

8.05 

8.00 

8.10 

8.00 

7.95 

7. '.Ml 

8.00 
(*) 

8.20 
8.  25 

8.29 
8.26 
8.33 
8.27 
8.32 
8.28 
8.30 
8.26 
8.20 
8.20 
8.18 
8.18 
8.18 
8.22 
8.13 
8.14 
8.14 
8.12 
8.05 
8.01 
7.99 
8.04 
7.  95 
7.95 

8.4] 

8.  4:t 
8.38 
8.43 

8.4] 
8.37 
8.  32 

8.31 

8.31 
8.32 
8.36 
8.27 
8.  29 
8.  28 
8.27 
8.2] 
8.2] 
8.17 
8.18 
8.12 
8.13 

8.34 
8,  13 
8.  15 
B.  12 
8.48 
8.43 
8.48 
B.  It 
8.46 
8.42 
8.37 
8.38 
8.  37 
8.37 
8.  39 
8.43 
8.34 
8.37 
8.37 
8.36 
8.  30 
8.31 
B.  27 
8.29 
8.22 
8.22 

8.54 
8.  63 
8.66 
8.65 
8.69 
8.64 
8.69 
8.68 
8.67 
8.61 
8.  5T 
8.58 
8.61 
8.  59 
B.  59 
8.  63 
8.57 
8.  57 
8.59 
8.  59 
8.56 
8.59 
8.56 
(*) 

8.66 

8.71 
8.74 
8.  72 

8.  7(i 

8.71 

8.76 
8.73 
8.73 
8.68 
8.64 
8.  65 
8.67 
8.  64 
8.  '14 
8.69 
8.62 
8.63 
8.62 
8.61 
8.57 
8.60 
8.58 
8.00 
8.55 
(t) 

8.75 
8.80 
8.  83 
8.  -'J 
8.85 
8.81 
8.85 
8.83 
8.83 
8.78 
8.74 
8.75 
.--77 
8.74 
8.75 
8.80 
8.  7;; 
8.  74 
8.73 
8.73 
i.  7n 
8.  72 
8.69 
8.71 
8.66 
(t) 

8.84 

2 

8. 89 

4 

8. 92 

5 

8.91 

6 

8.94 

7 

8.90 

8 

8.95 

9 

8.93 

11 

8.93 

12 

8.88 

13 

8.84 

14 

8.85 

15 

8.87 

16 

8.84 

18 

B  85 

19 

8.90 

20 

8.83 

21 

8.84 

8.84 

23 

8.84 

25 

8.81 

26 

8.84 

27 

8.80 

28 

8.81 

S.i      . 

8.76 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

An?, 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

7.02 
7.  94 
7.93 
8.03 
.       8.03 
7.95 
7.95 
8.00 
7.  85 
7.  85 
7.75 
7.70 
7.7o 
7.60 
7.59 
7.59 
7.50 
7.40 
7.43 
7.50 
7.  45 
7.45 
7.45 
7.65 

8.08 
8.08 
8.10 
8.18 
8.14 
8.08 
8.11 
8.09 
7.98 
7.97 
7.85 
7.81 
7.  72 
7.69 
7.68 
7.69 
7.60 
7.53 
7.55 
7.  r.4 

7.51 
7.56 
7.  56 
7.  72 
7.60 
7.55 

8.18 
8.18 
8.21 
8.29 
8.26 
8.18 
8.21 
8.19 
8.07 
8.06 
7.  95 
7.92 
7.81 
7.79 
7.78 
7.79 
7.69 
7.65 
7.65 
7.  or, 
7.63 
7.70 
7.  68 
7  85 
7.73 
7.66 

8.28 
8.28 
8. 32 
8.39 
8.37 
8.28 
8.32 
8.28 
8.16 
8.15 
8.04 
8.01 
7.90 
7.88 
7.88 
7.89 
7.  79 
7.75 
7.75 
7.75 
7.73 
7.80 
7.  79 
7.96 
7.84 
7.76 

8.46 
8.48 
8.46 
8.55 
8.54 
8.50 
8.48 
8.45 
8.35 
8.38 
8.30 
8.20 
8.12 
8.04 
8.02 
8.00 
7.87 
7.85 
7.87 
7.90 
7.86 
7.96 
7.94 
8.02 
<*) 

8.58 
8.58 
8.58 
8.  65 
8.65 
8.57 
8.57 
8.54 
8.43 
8.45 
8.37 
8.25 
8.17 
8.10 
8.08 
8.06 
7.91 
7.89 
7.89 

7.  92 
7.89 
7.98 
7.95 

8.  03 
7.99 
7.96 

8.68 
8.68 
8.68 
8.75 
8.75 
8.68 
8.68 
8.65 
8.  54 
8.  55 
8.47 
8.35 
8.27 
8.20 
8.19 
8.17 
8.05 
8.02 
8.01 
8.03 
8.00 
8.01) 
8.05 
8.14 
8.09 
8.05 

8.76 

2 

8.75 

3 

8.76 

4 

8.83 

5 

8.84 

6 

8.77 

8 

8.78 

9 

8.75 

10 

8.  62 

1] 

8.63 

12 

8.55 

13 

8.45 

15 

8.36 

16 

8.30 

17 

8.31 

18 

8.29 

19 

8.17 

20 

8. 14 

22 

8.14 

23 

8.  J5 

24 

8.12 

25 

8.21 

26 

8.18 

27 

8.28 

29 

8.23 

30 1 

8.18 

COT- 


*  Nominal. 

•vol  2 31 


t  Holiday. 


482  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

1891. 
July        1 

7.62 
7.58 
7.60 
(t) 
7.58 
7.62 
7.60 
7.60 
7.64 
7.61 
7.63 
7.63 
7.63 
7.61 
7.57 
7.52 
7.53 
7.38 
7.46 
7.40 
7.36 
7.  35 
7.25 
7.27 
7.37 

7.73 
7.66 
7.70 
(t) 
7.67 
7.69 
7.74 
7.65 
7.66 
7.64 
7.66 
7.65 
7.65 
7.62 
7.54 
7.53 
7.51 
7.38 
7.46 
7.41 
7.36 
7.36 
7.26 
7.27 
7.37 
7.45 
7.39 

7.83 
7.77 
7.80 
(t) 
7.76 
7.77 
7.73 
7.73 
7.75 
7.73 
7.75 
7.77 
7.75 
7.71 
7.64 
7.63 
7.61 
7.48 
7.54 
7.50 
7.45 
7.46 
7.38 
7.32 
7.45 
7.51 
7.45 

7.96 

7.90 
7.93 
(t) 
7.90 
7.91 
7.87 
7.87 
7.89 
7.85 
7.88 
7.88 
7.87 
7.85 
7.77 
7.76 
7.73 
7.60 
7.67 
7.64 
7.57 
7.58 
7.52 
7.45 
7.58 
7.63 
7.58 

8.05 
8.00 
8.01 
(t) 
7.99 
7.98 
7.97 
7.97 
7.98 
7.94 
7.94 
7.93 
7.93 
7.93 
7.83 
7.80 
7.77 
7.58 
7.63 
7.67 
7.59 
7.63 
7.55 
7.48 
7.63 
7.67 

8.13 
8.06 
8.07 
(t) 
8.02 
8.04 
8.01 
8.01 
8.01 
7.96 
7.96 
7.95 
7.95 
7.94 
7.84 
7.81 
7.78 
7.59 
7.64 
7.67 
7.60 
7.64 
7.55 
7.48 

8.25 
8.19 

8.20 

(t) 

8.14 

8.15 

8.12 

8.13 

8.14 

8.10 

8.09 

8.09 

8.08 

8.07 

7.96 

7.94 

7.92 

7.74 

7.81 

7.84 

7.77 

7.79 

7.7L 

7.63 

8.35 

2 

8  29 

3 

8  30 

4 

(t) 
8  25 

(> 

7 

8  25 

8 

8.22 

9 

8  23 

]0 

8.24 

11 

8.20 

13 

8.20 

14 

8.20 

15 

8.19 

16 

8.18 

17 

8.07 

18 

8.05 

20 

8.04 

21 

7.87 

9J 

7.94 

23 

7.96 

24 

7.90 

25 

7.93 

27 

7.84 

28 

7.76 

29 

7.63  i          7.77 
7.  67             7.  80 

7.91 

30 

7.93 

31 

7.66 

7.78 

7.91 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

7.43 
7.52 
7.43 
7.38 
7.50 
7.64 
7.68 
7.49 
7.48 
7.48 
7.35 
7.40 
7.43 
7.33 
7.35 
7.35 
7.38 
7.40 
7.55 
7.55 
7.  50 
7.60 
7.75 
7.60 

7.51 
7.58 
7.48 
7.46 
7.56 
7.70 
7.74 
7.54 
7.55 
7.51 
7.41 
7.48 
7.53 
7.43 
7.43 
7.47 
7.48 
7.53 
7.68 
7.59 
7.  54 
7.70 
7.79 
7.70 
7.97 
8.07 

7.64 
7.71 
7.61 
7.59 
7.70 
7.83 
7.87 
7.67 
7.69 
7.66 
7.56 
7.63 
7.68 
7.57 
7.58 
7.64 
7.65 
7.69 
7.84 
7.74 
7.72 
7.90 
8.07 
7.85 
8.16 
8.27 

7.71 
7.78 
7.69 
7.67 
7.78 
7.92 
7.97 
7.74 
7.77 
7.74 
7.65 
7.73 
7.76 
7.66 
7.67 
7.73 
7.75 
7.79 
7.94 
7.85 
7.82 
8.00 
8.18 
8.05 
8.26 
8.37 

7.72 
7.79 
7.72 
7.69 
7.83 
7.95 
8.01 
7.78 
7.76 
7.71 
7.65 
7.71 
7.73 
7.72 
7.69 
7.78 
7,  72 
7.74 
7.96 
7.82 
7.81 
7.97 
8.10 
7.95 

7.83 
7.90 
7.82 
7.82 
7.94 
8.05 
8.13 
7.88 
7.91 
7.87 
7.79 
7.81 
7.84 
7.78 
7.77 
7.87 
7.86 
7.88 
7.96 
7.93 
7.91 
8.05 
8.20 
8.05 
8.20 
8.26 

7.96 
8.03 
7.95 
7.95 
8.06 
8.16 
8  26 
8.01 
8.04 
8.01 
7.92 
7.95 
7.98 
7.91 
7.90 
8.01 
8.00 
8.03 
8.12 
8.08 
8.06 
8.20 
8.36 
8.23 
8.39 
8.46 

8.08 

3 

8.16 

4 

8.08 

5 

8.07 

6 

8.17 

7 

8.27 

8 

8.38 

10 

8.13 

11 

8.16 

12 

8.13 

13 

8.03 

14 

8.06 

15 

8.09 

17 

8.03 

18 

8.01 

19 

8.12 

2(1 

8.12 

21 

22 

8.16 
8.26 

24 

8.21 

25 

8.20 

26 

8.33 

27 

8.50 

28 

8.37 

29     . 

8.55 

31  .. 

8.61 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  483 

Daily  {bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  189S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov.     1      Dec. 

del".  <-r   .    ili  luery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1891. 

8.17 
8.10 
8.30 
8.  25 
8.50 
8.38 
8.35 
8.38 
8.10 
8.45 
8.35 
8.  12 
B.  us 
7.97 
7.75 
7.50 
7.50 
7.50 
7.55 
7.50 
7.70 
7.90 
8.05 
7.50 

8.38 
8.47 
8.64 
8.61 
8.79 
8.60 
8.52 
8.51 
8.26 
8.62 
8.54 
8.35 
8.28 
8.22 
8.13 
7.90 
7.92 
7.87 
7.95 
8.02 
8.17 
8.15 
8.35 
8.15 
8.18 
8.18 

8.49 
8.57 
8.76 
8.73 
8.92 
8.71 
8.63 
8.63 
8.37 
8.74 
s.  68 
8.48 
8.43 
8.36 
8.28 
8.08 
8.11 
8.08 
8.18 
8.21 
8.36 
8.34 
8.47 
8.28 
8.37 
8.33 

8.59 
8.68 
8.87 
8.84 
9.03 
8.81 
8.74 
8.75 
8.48 
8.86 
8.80 
8.60 
8.55 
8.48 
8.40 
8.22 
8.26 
8.22 
8.30 
8.34 
8.51 
8.47 
8.62 
8.44 
8.52 
8.50 

8.34 
8.42 
8.63 
8.59 
8.81 
(t) 
8.55 
8.44 
8.15 
8.60 
8.63 
8.39 
8.29 
8.27 
8.22 
8.05 
8.05 
8.12 
8.21 
8.26 
8.39 
8.39 
8.53 
8.41 
8.40 

8.54 
8.64 
8.84 
8.81 
9.00 
(t) 
8.74 
8.73 
8.44 
8.75 
8.77 
8.53 
8.42 
8.36 
8.29 
8.11 
8.10 
8.14 
8.24 
8.28 
8.41 
8.41 
8.53 
8.40 
8.49 
8.44 

8.67 
8.80 
8.99 
8.96 
9.16 
(t) 
8.90 
8.91 
8.62 
8.92 
8.94 
8.71 
8.61 
8.56 
8.49 
8.30 
8.28 
8.32 
8.41 
8.46 
8.61 
8.58 
8.70 
8.57 
8.67 
8.62 

8  82 

8  93 

3 

9  12 

4 

9  10 

5 

9  29 

7 

9  03 

8 

9 

9  06 

10 

8  75 

11 

12 

9  09 

14 

8  85 

15 

8.76 

16 

17 

8  65 

18 

8.47 

kg 

•ji 

22 

23 

8  65 

24 

8  77 

'J6 

28 

8  73 

29 

8  83 

30 

8  79 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan . 
delivery. 

Oct.        1 

8.20 
8.18 
8.13 
8.16 
8.18 
8.20 
8.11 
8.12 
8.15 
8.00 
8.02 
7.95 
7.98 
7.91 
7.80 
7.65 
7.70 
7.85 
7.85 
7.80 
7.83 
7.79 
7.75 
7.76 
7.80 

8.32 
8.28 
8.24 
8.28 
8.32 
8.40 
8.30 
8.31 
8.35 
8.16 
8.08 
7.99 
8.02 
7.90 
7.80 
7.66 
7.76 
7.91 
7.92 
7.85 
7.91 
7.77 
7.78 
7.74 
7.75 
7.75 
7.70 

8.48 
8.45 
8.41 
8.45 
8.50 
8.57 
8.47 
8.49 
8.54 
8.34 
8.25 
8.16 
8.18 
8.06 
7.94 
7.82 
7.93 
8.08 
8.11 
8.03 
8.07 
7.H4 
7.95 
7.91 
7.91 
7.90 
7.85 

8.60 
8.57 
8,53 
8.57 
8.63 
8.71 
8.61 
8.63 
8.68 
8.48 
8.38 
8.30 
8.32 
8.19 
8.08 
7.95 
8.05 
8.20 
8.23 
8.17 
8.21 
8.06 
8.08 
8.04 
8.05 
8.03 
7.97 

8.46 
8.44 
8.38 
8.43 
8.47 
8.57 
8.44 
8.44 
8.48 
8.30 
8.20 
8.07 
8.16 
8.12 
8.02 
7.88 
7.98 
8.09 
8.14 
8.13 
8.16 
8.05 
8.10 
8.10 
8.16 
8.15 

8.62 
8.58 
8.52 
8.57 
8.61 
8.73 
8.64 
8.64 
8.64 
8.48 
8.39 
8.29 
8.33 
8.24 
8.12 
7.98 
8.07 
8.18 
8.24 
8.21 
8.24 
8.13 
8.17 
8.16 
8.18 
8.16 
8.16 

8.79 
8.75 
8.69 
8.75 
8.79 
8.  90 
8.81 
8.82 
8.82 
8.66 
8.57 
8.47 
8.51 
8.41 
8.31 
8.16 
8.25 
8.36 
8.41 
8.37 
8.39 
8.27 
8.31 
8.26 
8.26 
8.25 
8.25 

8  95 

3 

8.86 
8.92 
8.96 
9.08 
8.99 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

9.00 

12 

13 

8.75 
8.65 
8.68 
8.59 

14 

15 

16 

17 

19 

8.34 
8.42 
8.53 
8.58 
8  55 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

8  56 

26 

8  43 

27 

8  47 

28 

29 

8  40 

30 

8  36 

31 

8  35 

t  Holiday. 


484  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 

delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 

delivery. 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery, 

1891. 
Nov.      2 

7.60 
7.63 
7.68 
7.58 
7.52 
7.60 
7.58 
7.52 
7.42 
7.33 
7.40 
7.35 
7.23 
7.30 
7.28 
7.42 
7.35 
7.44 
7.48 

(*) 
7.50 

(t) 
7.40 

7.75 
7.81 
7.85 
7.74 
7.68 
7.71 
7.70 
7.57 
7.48 
7.41 
7.47 
7.41 
7.29 
7.37 
7.35 
7.46 
7.42 
7.44 
7.48 
7.50 
7.52 
(t)   . 
7.40 
7.33 
7.39 

7.87 
7.93 
7.98 
7.87 
7.81 
7.84 
7.83 
7.71 
7.61 
7.53 
7.61 
7.56 
7.44 
7.53 
7.50 
7.64 
7.59 
7.62 
7.67 
7.75 
7.74 
(t) 
7.58 
7.43 
7.52 

7.97 
8.03 
8.08 
7.98 
7.91 
7.95 
7.93 
7.81 
7.71 
7.64 
7.71 
7.67 
7.55 
7.64 
7.62 
7.78 
7.72 
7.74 
7.79 
7.88 
7,89 
(t) 
7.73 
7.58 
7.67 

8.06 

(t) 
8.11 
8.04 
7.95 
8.01 
7.98 
7.86 
7.80 
7.76 
7.77 
7.77 
7.60 
7.67 
7.65 
7.77 
7.76 
7.76 
7.81 
7.90 
7.95 

(t) 
7.82 

8.15 

(t) 
8.20 
8.12 
8.03 
8.08 
8.06 
7.95 
7.88 
7.80 
7.83 
7.84 
7.65 
7.74 
7.72 
7.84 
7.83 
7.80 
7.83 
7.91 
7.95 

(t) 
7.83 
7.70 
7.75 

8.27 

(t) 
8.32 
8.25 
8.16 
8.22 
8.20 
8.10 
8.02 
7.94 
7.99 
7.99 
7.81 
7.90 
7.89 
8.02 
8.01 
7.98 
8.02 
8.11 
8.15 

(t) 
8.03 
7.89 
7.94 

8.38 

3 

(t) 

4 

8.44 

5 

8.37 

6 

8.29 

7    

8.35 

9 

8.33 

10 

8.24 

11 

8.15 

12 

8.08 

13 

8.13 

14 

8.13 

16 

7.96 

17 

8.06 

18 

8.05 

19 

8.18 

20 

8.16 

21 

8.13 

23 

8.18 

24 

8.27 

25 

8.32 

26 

(t) 

27 

8.19 

28 

8.05 

30 

8.10 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

7.30 
7.26 
7.18 
7.15 
7.30 
7.30 
7.27 
7.30 
7.25 
7.20 
7.25 
7.20 
7.02 
7.10 
7.00 
7.05 
7.10 
7.05 
7.00 
7.00 
6.90 

(t) 

(U 

(') 

7.41 
7.44 
7.38 
7.35 
7.49 
7.48 
7.41 
7.43 
7.37 
7.30 
7.31 
7.23 
7.15 
7.17 
7.09 
7.13 
7.15 
7.10 
7.10 
7.11 
6.92 

(t) 

(t) 
6.81 
6.88 
6.99 
7.00 

7.56 
7.59 
7.53 
7.52 
7.67 
7.65 
7.60 
7.63 
7.57 
7.51 
7.52 
7.44 
7.36 
7.40 
7.30 
7.34 
7.38 
7.33 
7.33 
7.34 
7.15 

(t) 

(t) 
7.05 
7.08 
7.17 
7.12 

7.71 
7.74 
7.68 
7.67 
7.84 
7.82 
7.76 
7.78 
7.73 
7.67 
7.68 
7.61 
7.53 
7.58 
7.48 
7.52 
7.55 
7.  51 
7.51 
7.52 
7.33 

(t) 

(t) 
7.22 
7.27 
7.35 
7.30 

7.60 
7.66 
7.62 
7.65 
7.77 
7.79 
7.71 
7.74 
7.72 
7.68 
7.67 
7.61 
7.57 
7.58 
7.51 
7.54 
7.62 
7.58 
7.58 
7.58 
7.43 

(t) 

(t) 
7.32 
7.  33 
7.46 

7.80 
7.84 
7.77 
7.79 
7.90 
7.91 
7.83 
7.87 
7.84 
7.80 
7.79 
7.71 
7.66 
7.68 
7.61 
7.63 
7.69 
7.65 
7.65 
7.65 
7.48 

(t) 

(t) 
7.37 
7.38 
7.46 
7.43 

7.97 
8.01 
7.94 
7.95 
8.07 
8.08 
8.01 
8.04 
8.01 
7.97 
7.96 
7.88 
7.83 
7.85 
7.77 
7.80 
7.85 
7.80 
7.82 
7.82 
7.65 

(1) 

(t) 
7.56 
7.57 
7.64 
7.62 

8.13 

2 

8.17 

3 

8.10 

4 

8.11 

5 

8.23 

7 

8.23 

8 

8.16 

9 

8,19 

10 

8.16 

11 

8.12 

12 

8.11 

14 

8.04 

15 

8.00 

16 

8.01 

17 

18 

7.92 
7.96 

19 

8.01 

21 

7.96 

22 

7.97 

23 

7.98 

24 

7.80 

25 

(t) 

26 

(t) 

28 

7.71 

29 

7.72 

30 

7.81 

31 

7.77 

•  Nominal. 


♦Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICKS    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  485 

Daily  (bid) prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  189-1. 


N>  w  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan.          Feb. 
di  livery,  delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1892. 

(t) 
(t) 

6.75 
6.75 
6.59 
(t) 
6.59 
6.55 
6.60 
6.81 
6.81 
6.64 
6.60 
6.79 
6.82 
6.98 
6.95 
7.00 
6.87 
6.74 
6.72 
6.70 
6.66 

(t) 
(t) 
6.90 
ft  -:. 
6.83 
6.65 
(t) 
6.67 
6.57 
6.60 
6.81 
6.81 
6.65 
6.63 
6.79 
6.84 
6.98 
6.95 
7.00 
6.87 
6.74 
6.  72 
6.70 
6.66 
6.67 
6.59 

(t) 
(t) 
7.08 
7.02 
7.01 
6.81 
(t) 
6.85 
0.73 
0.  70 
6.98 
6.98 
6.84 
6.81 
6.99 
7.03 
7.15 
7.15 
7.19 
7.06 
6.92 
6.89 
6.86 
6.80 
6.77 
6.69 

(t) 

(t) 

7  ■_"_> 
7!  16 
7.16 
6.95 
(t) 
7.00 
6  87 
6.91 
7.13 
7.13 
6.98 
6.96 
7.14 
7.17 
7.30 
7.30 
7.34 
7.21 
7.06 
7.03 
7.00 
6.93 
6.90 
6.80 

(t)              (t) 
(t)              (t) 
7.  20             7.  39 
7. 18            7.  33 
7.  25             7.  36 
7.10             7.  17 
7.12            7.20 
7.14             7.21 
7.  00            7.  08 
7.03            7.10 
7.  22            7.  32 
7.  28            7.  37 
7.20            7.28 
7.09            7.17 
7.  26            7.  34 
7.  28            7. 36 
7.40             7.49 
7.37             7.47 
7. 40            7.  49 
7.29  1          7.36 
7.22  i          7.29 
7.  24  1           7.  L'7 
7. 17             7.  24 

(t) 
(t) 
7.  54 
7.46 
7.47 
7.27 
7.31 
7.31 
7.18 
7.21 
7.42 
7.4s 
7.38 
7.  l'7 
7.44 
7.46 
7.59 
7.57 
7.60 
7.46 
7.38 
7.36 
7.32 
7.22 
7.22 
7.18 

(t) 
(f) 
7.69 

2 

4 

5 

7.61 

6 

7.61 

7 

7.39 

8 

7.43 

9 

7.4:: 

11 

7.30 

12 

7.33 

13 

7.54 

14 

7.61 

15 

7.50 

16 

7.39 

18 

7.54 

19 

7.57 

BO 

7.72 

21 

7.69 

22 

7.72 

23 

7.59 

25 

7.49 

26 

7.47 

L'7 

7.42 

28 

7.10 

7.15 
7.17 
7.12 

7.33 

7.32 

7.26 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb.           Mar. 
delivery,    delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

Feb.       1 

6.56 
6.59 
6.  53 
ft  51 
6.43 
6.42 
6.30 
6.32 
0.35 
6.45 
6.38 
6.54 
6.40 
0.44 
0. 43 
6.34 
6.29 
6.30 
(t) 
6.28 
6.24 
6.24 
6.33 

6.62 
6.64 
6.56 
6.55 
6.48 
6.48 
6.32 
6.34 
6.37 
6.48 
6.38 
6.54 
6.42 
6.44 
6.  44 
6.36 
6.31 
6.32 
(t) 
6.32 
6.25 
6.24 
6.33 
0.  3J 
6.31 

6.72 
6.74 
6.65 
6.04 
6.57 
6.57 
6.42 
6.44 
6.40 
6.  5S 
6.48 
6.04 
6.52 
6.54 
6.55 
6.47 
6.41 
6.43 
(1) 
6.44 
6.38 
6.34 
6.  42 
fi.  40 
6.40 

6.83 
6.84 
6.70 
6.74 
0.  07 
6.66 
6.51 
6.53 
6.55 
6.68 
6.58 
6.74 
6.62 
6.64 
6.  65 
6.58  1 
6.52 
6.54 
(0 
6.54 
6.49 
6.46 
6.53 
6.  51 
6.50 

6.99 
7.04 
6.93 
6.92 
6.85 
6.79 
6.73 
6.71 
6.74 
6.86 
6.84 
6.93 
6.83 
6.81 
6.83 
6.73 
6.65 
6.09 
(t) 
0.70 
6.67 
6.64 
0.73 
6.75 

7.05 
7.09 
6.98 
6.97 
6.  90 
6.84 
6.77 
6.75 
6.79 
6.92 
6.87 
6.97 
6.87 
6.85 
6.88 
6.82 
6.  75 
6.73 
(1) 
6.73 
6.69 
6.  05 
0.73 
6.84 
6.76 

7.14 
7.18 
7.07 
7.06 
6.99 
6.94 
6.87 
6.85 
6.87 
7.01 
6.95 
7.05 
6.97 
6.95 
6.97 
6.92 
6.85 
6.83 
(t) 
6.84 
6.81 
6.77 
6.  -  : 
6.95 
6.84 

7.24 
7  °8 

2 

3 

7.17 
7.17 
7.09 

4 

5 

6 

8 

6  97 

9 

10 

11 

6.97 
7  11 

12 

7  05 

13 

7  15 

15 

7  06 

16 

7  05 

17 

7.07 

18 

7  02 

19 

6  96 

20 

6  93 

22 

(t) 
6  95 

23 

24 

6.92 

25 

6.89 

26 

6.94 

27 

29 

6.95 

•  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


486  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (hid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  iVeie  Orleans  and  Neiv  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1892. 

m 

6.33 
6.36 
(t) 
6.33 
6.27 
6.24 
6.21 
6.22 
6.22 
6.16 
6.00 
5.96 
5.93 
6.05 
5.99 
6.06 
6.08 
6.16 
6.14 
6.07 
6.14 
6.10 
6.04 
6.08 

m 

6.40 
6.40 
(t) 
6.37 
6.31 
6.27 
6.23 
6.26 
6.25 
6.17 
6.02 
5.97 
5.96 
6.06 
5.99 
6.07 
6.08 
6.16 
6.14 
6.07 
6.14 
6.11 
6.04 
6.05 
6.02 
6.04 

ft) 

6.50 
6.51 
(t) 
6.47 
6.40 
6.37 
6.32 
6.35 
6.35 
6.26 
6.11 
6.04 
6.05 
6.15 
6.07 
6.15 
6.17 
6.27 
6.24 
6.17 
6.23 
6.21 
6.13 
6.12 
6.09 
6.09 

(t) 
6.60 
6.61 

(t) 
6.57 
6.50 
6.46 
6.41 
6.44 
6.44 
6.34 
6.19 
6.11 
6.13 
6.23 
6.15 
6.24 
6.25 
6.35 
6.32 
6.25 
6.32 
6.29 
6.21 
6.20 
6.17 
6.16 

6.76 

6.72 
6.72 
6.68 
6.69 
6.63 
6.56 
6.52 
6.58 
6.58 
6.50 
6.38 
6.31 
6.30 
6.41 
6.37 
6.45 
6.48 
6.56 
6.55 
6.44 
6.46 
6.50 
6.45 
6.42 
6.37 
6.33 

6.84 
6.82 
6.82 
6.78 
6.78 
6.71 
6.66 
6.62 
6.65 
6.66 
6.55 
6.42 
6.34 
6.34 
6.44 
6.39 
6.47 
6.51 
6  59 
6.58 
6.46 
6.49 
6.53 
6.46 
6.42 
6.37 
6.45 

6.95 

6.92 
6.92 
6.88 
6.88 
6.82 
6.76 
6.72 
6.75 
6.76 
6.65 
6.52 
6.43 
6.43 
6.54 
6.48 
6.56 
6.60 
6.69 
6.67 
6.56 
6.60 
6.63 
6.56 
6.52 
6.49 
6.54 

7.05 

2 

7.03 

3 

7.03 

4 

6.99 

6.98 

7 

6.92 

8 

6.86 

9 

6.82 

10 

6.85 

11 

6.86 

12 

6.75 

14 

6.61 

15 

6.53 

16 

6.52 

17 

6.62 

18... 

6.57 

19 

6.65 

21 

6.68 

22 

6.77 

23 

6.76 

24 

6.65 

25 

6.69 

26 

6.71 

28 

6.65 

29 

6.61 

30 

6.58 

31 

6.63 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

6.08 
6.15 
6.20 
6.24 
6.27 
6.37 
6.37 
6.  55 
6.63 
6.  55 
6.70 
6.65 

(t) 

(t) 
6.75 
6.80 
6.94 
6.85 
6.98 
6.94 
6.81 
6.72 
6.66 
6.81 

6.14 
6.18 
6.22 
6.23 
6.24 
6.37 
6.37 
6.52 
6.58 
6.55 
6.67 
6.61 

(t) 

(t) 

6.69 
6.74 
6.92 
6.84 
6.96 
6.93 
6.83 
6.71 
6.65 
6.81 
6.87 
6.93 

6.21 

6.25 
6.30 
6.30 
6.31 
6.44 
6.44 
6.58 
6.65 
6.62 
6.74 
6.69 

(t) 

(t) 
6.77 
6.82 
6.99 
6.91 
7.03 
7.01 
6.92 
6.81 
.  6.72 
6.88 
6.90 
6.95 

6.28 
6.32 
6.37 
6.37 
6.37 
6.51 
6.51 
6.65 
6.73 
6.70 
6.81 
6.77 

(t) 

(t) 
6.85 
6.89 
7.07 
6.98 
7.10 
7.08 
6.99 
6.89 
6.80 
6.96 
6.97 
7.02 

6.40 
6,42 
6.47 
6.44 
6.47 
6.57 
6.63 
6.72 
6.79 
6.76 
6.83 
6.84 

(t) 

(t) 
6.88 
6.95 
7.05 
6.96 
7.08 
7.07 
7.00 
6.93 
6.89 
7.02 

6.50 
6.51 
6.56 
6.53 
6.55 
6.65 
6.70 
6.78 
6.87 
6.84 
6.92 
6.91 

(t) 

(t) 
6.97 
6.99 
7.13 
7.04 
7.16 
7.10 
7.03 
6.93 
6.89 
7.02 
7.09 
7.U 

6.60 

6.60 
6.65 
6.62 
6.74 
6.75 
6.79 
6.88 
6.97 
6.93 
7.02 
7.01 

(t) 

(t) 
7.07 
7.09 
7.24 
7.15 
7.27 
7.22 
7.16 
7.05 
7.00 
7.12 
7.17 
7.20 

6.68 

2 

6.69 

4 

6.73 

5 

6.71 

6 

6.77 

7 

6.84 

8 

6.89 

9 

6.97 

11 

7.06 

12 

6.73 

13 

7.12 

14 

7.11 

15 

(t) 
(t) 
7.17 

16 

18 

19 

7.19 

20 

7.33 

21 

7  25 

22 

7  38 

23 

7  32 

25 

7  26 

26 

7  15 

27 

7.10 

28 

7  22 

29 

7.27 

80 

7  30 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  u FUTURES."  487 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  U  1S9S. 


Xew  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

An.'. 
delivery. 

1892. 
May      2 

6.78 
6.90 
6.91 
6.98 
6.98 
6.95 
6.96 
6.91 
6.93 
6.  89 
6.89 
6.93 
6.90 
7.00 
7.07 
7.08 
7.13 
7.10 
7.10 
7.04 
7.02 
7.08 
7.09 
7.15 
7.20 

6.80 
6.90 
6.  82 
7.00 
6.99 
6.98 
6.98 
6.93 
6.95 
6.90 
6.91 
6.95 
6.92 
7.02 
7.09 
7.08 
7.14 
7.09 
7.11 
7.04 
7.02 
7.09 
7.09 
7.15 
7.20 
7.30 

6.88 
6.97 
7.00 
7.07 
7.07 
7.05 
7.05 
7.00 
7.03 
6.96 
6.96 
6.99 
6.96 
7.06 
7.13 
7.14 
7.19 
7.16 
7.14 
7.08 
7.07 
7.13 
7.14 
7.20 
7,25 
7.32 

6.96 
7.05 
7.08 
7.14 
7.14 
7.13 
7. 12 
7.08 
7. 10 
7.01 
7.02 
7.05 
7.02 
7.11 
7.19 
7.20 
7.25 
7.22 
7.19 
7.15 
7.14 
7.20 
7.20 
7.24 
7.30 
7.36 

7.03 
7.12 
7.13 
7.16 
7.22 
7.21 
7.19 
7.13 
7.13 
7.06 
7.11 
7.12 
7.08 
7.17 
7.23 
7.24 
7.28 
7.26 
7.23 
7.20 
7.19 
7.27 
7.31 
7.35 
(t) 

7.11 
7.20 
7.  21 
7.  24 
7.28 
7.  26 
7.25 
7.18 
7.19 
7.12 
7.15 
7.16 
7.12 
7.21 
7.28 
7.29 
7.34 
7.32 
7.27 
7.24 
7.23 
7.28 
7.32 
7.35 
(t) 
7.44 

7.21 
7.30 
7.31 
7.34 
7.38 
7.36 
7.34 
7.27 
7.28 
7.21 
7.2; 
7.26 
7.21 
7.30 
7.38 
7.38 
7.43 
7.41 
7.37 
7.33 
7.30 
7.36 
7.37 
7.40 
(t) 
7.50 

7.30 

3 

7.39 

4 

7.39 

5 

7.42 

0 

7.46 

7 

7.44 

9 

7.43 

10 

7.36 

11 

7.36 

12 

7.29 

13 

7.32 

14 

7.33 

1C 

7.28 

17 

7.36 

18 

7.43 

19 

7.45 

20 

7.411 

21 

7.47 

23 

7.43 

24 

7.39 

25 

7.36 

26 

7.42 

27 

7.43 

28 

7.46 

30 

(t) 

31 

7.55 

Jnne 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

7.29 
7.41 
7.45 
7.54 
7.46 
7.50 
7.44 
7.  45 
7.51 
7.44 
7.39 
7.29 
7.18 
7.23 
7.16 
7.05 
7.01 
6.94 
7.04 
7.00 
6.98 
6.92 
6.94 
6.90 

7.31 
7.41 
7.44 
7.54 
7.46 
7.  49 
7.44 
7.45 
7.51 
7.44 
7.39 
7.29 
7.19 
7.23 
7.17 
7.05 
7.01 
6.94 
7.04 
7.00 
6.98 
6.93 
fi.  95 
6.91 
6.92 
6.97 

7.35 
7.44 
7.48 
7.59 
7.51 
7.53 
7.40 
7.49 
7.53 
7  45 
7.40 
7.30 
7.21 
7.26 
7.21 
7.08 
7.03 
6.98 
7.06 
7.02 
7.02 
6.98 
6.99 
6.93 
6.97 
7.02 

7.39 
7.48 
7.52 
7.64 
7.56 
7.58 
7.50 
7.53 
7.58 
7.49 
7.45 
7.35 
7.26 
7.31 
7.26 
7.14 
7.08 
7.03 
7.11 
7.07 
7.07 
7.03 
7.04 
6.99 
7.01 
7.05 

7.49 
7.52 
7.60 
7.73 
7.68 
7.64 
7.57 
7.59 
7.60 
7.52 
7.50 
7.43 
7.33 
7.43 
7.37 
7.31 
7.22 

7.20 

7.25 
7.23 
7.26 
7.21 
7.  22 
7.15 
(*) 

7.54 
7.58 
7.65 
7.78 
7.72 
7.69 
7.62 
7.64 
7.67 
7.58 
7.55 
7.49 
7.38 
7.45 
7.40 
7.34 
7.25 
7.23 
7.29 
7.27 
7.27 
7.  22 
7!  24 
7.20 
7.19 
7.22 

7.59 
7.63 
7.70 
7.84 
7.77 
7.76 
7.69 
7.71 
7.74 
7.60 
7.62 
7.55 
7.44 
7.52 
7.  47 
7.41 
7.31 
7.29 
7.  3.r» 
7.33 
7.32 
7.27 
7.29 
7.24 
7.24 
7.27 

7.67 

2 

7.71 

a 

7.77 

4 

7.91 

6 

7.84 

7.82 

8 

7.75 

9 

7.78 

10 

7.80 

11 

7.72 

13 

7.69 

14 

7.  62 

15 

7.51 

16 

7.58 

17 

7.54 

18 

7.48 

20 

7.38 

21 

7.35 

22 

7.42 

23 

7.40 

24 

7.39 

7.34 

27 

7.34 

28 

7.30 

29 

7.30 

30 

7.33 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


488  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (hid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 

delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

1892. 
Jnlv       1 

6.94 

(t) 

(t) 
0.  S3 
6.75 
0.75 
0.78 
C.  88 
6.88 
6.71 
0.77 
0.85 
6.76 
6.75 
6.82 
6.81 
6.87 
6.88 
6.87 
6.85 
6.  85 
6.98 
7.15 
7.10 

6.94 

(t) 

(t) 
0.83 
6.76 
6.76 
6.78 
6.88 
6.88 
6.71 
6.77 
6.85 
6.76 
6.75 
6.82 
6.81 
6.87 
6.86 
6.87 
6.85 
6.85 
6.98 
7.15 
7.10 
7.10 
7.11 

6.99 

(t) 

<t> 
0.88 
6.80 
6.82 
6.84 
6.94 
6.93 
6.76 
6.82 
6.89 
6.81 
6.81 
6.88 
6.87 
6.93 
6.91 
6.92 
6.90 
0.91 
7.03 
7.20 
7.14 
7.14 
7.14 

7.07 

(t) 

(t) 
6.96 
6.87 
6.89 
6.91 
7.02 
7.01 
6.84 
6.90 
6.97 
6.88 
6.88 
6.95 
6.94 
6.93 
6.98 
6.99 
6.97 
6.99 
7.11 
7.27 
7.21 
7.21 
7.23 

7.18 

(t) 

<t) 
7.12 
7.03 
6.98 
7.04 
7.12 
7.09 
7.02 
7.06 
7.10 
6.98 
6.99 
7.08 
7.09 
7.11 
7.12 
7.16 
7.16 
7.13 
7.19 
7.36 
7.36 

(*) 

7.23 

(t) 

(t) 
7.16 
7.07 
7.01 
7.08 
7.16 
7.13 
7.06 
7.10 
7.13 
7.03 
7.04 
7.12 
7.12 
7.15 
7.16 
7.17 
7.17 
7.14 
7.20 
7.38 
7.38 
7.34 
7.40 

7.28 

(t) 

(t) 
7.21 
7.12 
7.06 
7.15 
7.23 
7.20 
7.13 
7.16 
7.20 
7.10 
7.12 
7.19 
7.19 
7.  22 
7^23 
7.  25 
7.24 
7.21 
7.28 
7.44 
7.44 
7.40 
7.45 

7.38 

2 

(t) 

(t) 
7.31 

4 

0 

7.22 

7 

7.16 

8 

7.25 

9 

7.33 

n 

7.30 

12 

7.22 

13 

7.26 

14 

7.30 

15 

7.20 

16 

7  22 

18 

7.29 

19 

7  29 

20 

7.32 

21 

7  33 

22 

7.35 

23 

7  34 

25 

7  31 

26 

7.38 

27 

7.54 

28 

7  55 

29 

7  50 

30 

7  50 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

&u<r       1 

6.99 
6.87 
6.87 
6.93 
6.90 
6.88 
6.78 
6.  83 
6.85 
6.72 
6.73 
6.60 
6.66 
6.80 
6.80 
6.75 
6.90 
6.88 
7.00 

6.  89 
6.80 
6.80 

•6.88 
6.95 

7.  (JO 

7.01 
6.90 
6.89 
6.95 
6.91 
6.89 
6.78 
6.83 
6.85 
6.72 
6.73 
6.60 
6.63 
6.73 
6.76 
6.73 
6.78 
6.76 
6.79 
6.79 
6.68 
6.68 
6.75 
6.77 
6.78 
0.74 
6.60 

7.10 
6.98 
6.99 
7.05 
7.01 
6.99 
6.87 
0.92 
6.95 
6.80 
6.81 
6.67 
6.71 
6.82 
6.84 
6.82 
6.87 
6.  85 
6.88 
6.87 
tj.  76 
6.77 
6.81 
6.81 
6.82 
6.78 
6.06 

7.18 
7.06 
7.07 
7.13 
7.09 
7.08 
6.97 
7.01 
7.04 
6.89 
6.90 
6.75 
6.80 
6.91 
6.94 
6.91 
6.96 
6.94 
6.97 
6.  95 
G.  85 
6.86 
6.90 
6.90 
6.91 
6.86 
6.73 

7.28 
7.19 
7.19 
7.  22 
7. 22 
7.21 
7.09 
7.11 
7.15 
7.03 
7.07 
6.95 
6.97 
7.06 
7.07 
7.07 
7.12 
7.10 
7.13 
7.12 
6.99 
6.98 
6.98 
7.04 
7.00 
(*) 

7.31 
7.22 
7.21 
7.25 
7.  22 
7.' 21 
7.10 
7.14 
7.18 
7.05 
7.08 
■  6  95 

7.43 
7.34 
7.32 
7.36 
7.33 
7.32 
7.20 
7.25 
7.29 
7.15 
7.18 

7.  0(5 

7.54 

2 

7  45 

3 

7.44 

4 

7  47 

5 

7.44 

6 

7.42 

8 

7  30 

9 

7  34 

10 

7.39 

11 

7.25 

12 

7.28 

13 

7.  16 

15 

6.96             7.06 

7.05  7.  15 
7.  06            7. 17 

7.06  7.16 
7.11            7.22 
7.  09             7  9<i 

7.16 

16 

7.25 

17 

7.27 

18 

7.26 

19 

7.32 

20 

7.30 

22 

7.12 
7.11 
6.98 
6  97 
6.97 
7.02 
6.98 
6.96 
6.83 

7.22 
7.  22 
7.10 
7.10 
7.12 
7.15 
7.13 
7.11 
6.98 

7.32 

23 

7.32 

24 

7.20 

25 

7.21 

26 

7.  2-i 

27 

7  27 

29 

7  25 

30 

7.22 

31 

7.09 

Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  489 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct.      '      Nov. 
delivery,  delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oot. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

1892. 
Sept.      1 

6.57 
B,  63 

6.60 
6.62 
6. :.; 
6.74 
6.75 
6.70 
6.76 
6.67 
6.73 
6.63 
6.67 
6.71 
6.73 
6.87 
6.87 
6.96 
7.08 
7.12 
7.17 
7.23 
7.24 

6.65 
6.70 
6.65 
6.70 
6.80 
6.82 
6.83 
6.78 
6.85 
6.74 
6.81 
6.71 
6.74 

6.73 
6.78 
(i.  73 
6.79 
6.87 
6.89 
6.91 
6.86 
6.93 
6.82 
6.89 
6.79 
6.82 

6.81 
6.86 
6.81 
6.86 

6.  96 
6.97 
7.00 
6.95 
7.02 
6.91 
6.98 
6.88 
6.91 
6.95 
6.98 
7.12 
7.12 
7.10 
7.28 

7.  35 
7.40 
7.44 
7.41 
7.51 
7.41 
7.49 

6.83 
6.88 
6.87 

(t) 
6.96 
7.00 
7.03 
7.00 
7.04 
6.95 
6.99 
6.96 
6.96 
6.96 
7.01 
7.09 
7.16 
7.14 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

6.97 

7.02 
6.99 
(t) 
7.07 
7.10 
7.  10 
7.06 
7.10 
7.01 
7. 05 
7.02 
7.00 
7.01 
7.06 
7.11 
7.18 
7.20 
7.31 
7.40 
7.::'.i 
7.48 

7.08 
7.13 
7.10 
(t) 
7.18 
7.21 
7.  22 
7!  18 

7.  22 
7.12 
7.16 
7.13 
7.12 
7.14 
7.18 
7.25 
7.32 
7.34 
7.46 
7.54 
7.54 
7.63 

7.19 

•• 

7.25 

:i 

7.21 

5 

(t) 

6 

7.30 

7.33 

8 

7.34 

9 

7.30 

10 

7.34 

12 

7.25 

13 

7.  28 

14 

7.25 

15 

7.24 

16 

6.  79             6.  87 

7.27 

17 

6.82 
6.94 
6.94 
6.97 
7.12 
7.15 
7.20 
7.26 
7.24 
7.35 
7.24 
7.36 

6.90 
7.04 
7.05 
7.08 
7.20 
7.25 
7.30 
7.35 
7.33 
7.43 
7.32 
7.40 

7.31 

19 

7.38 

20 

7.45 

21 

7.48 

22 

7.60 

23 

7.69 

24 

7.69 

26 

7.78 

27 

(*) 
(*) 
(*) 

7.39            7.54 

7.69 

7.  79 

7.51 
7.60 

7.61 
7.68 

7.74 

7.81 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
dolivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

.Tan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct.       1 

7.37 
7.44 
7.59 
7.64 
7.90 
7.70 
7.80 
7.64 
7.  <;."> 
7.68 
7.  40 
7.48 
7.40 
7.42 
7.  59 
7.69 
7.68 
7.78 
7.87 

7.43 
7.52 
7.64 
7.71 
7.89 
7.74 
7.86 
7.66 
7.68 
7.58 
7.49 
7.48 
7.40 
7.4:: 
7.59 
7.70 
7.68 
7.78 
7.87 

7.50 
7.59 
7.71 
7.  75 
7.  95 
7.79 
7.90 
7.70 
7.73 
7.63 
7.53 
7.52 
7.44 
7.47 
7.63 
7.73 
7.70 
7.80 
7.88 
7.81 
7.77 
7  68 

7.60 

7.69 

7.81 

7.85 

8.05 

7.89 

8.00 

7.80 

7.83 

7.73 

7.63  ' 

7.  62 

7.  "4 

7.56 

7.73 

7.  B2 

7.79 

7.89 

7.97 

7.91 

7.S7 

7.78 

7.81 

7.87 

7.82 

7.70 

7.56 
7.67 
7.81 
7.83 
7.99 
7.78 
7.95 
7.87 
7.91 

(t) 
7.72 
7.72 
7.64 
7.66 
7.80 
7.89 
7.93 

(t) 
8.08 
8.01 
8.02 
7.96 
7.88 
7.97 

7.63 
7.  77 
7.92 
7.96 
8.12 
7.91 
8.08 
7.89 
7.93 
(t) 
7.74 
7.74 
7.65 
7.67 
7.83 
7.  92 

7.  92 
(t) 

8.08 

8.  02 
8.03 
7.96 
7.87 
7.98 
7.94 
7.81 

7.75 
7.90 
8.04 
8.09 
8.25 
8.04 
8.22 
8.02 
8.06 

(1) 
7.87 
7.86 
7.78 
7.79 
7.96 
8.06 
8.06 

(t) 
s.  22 
8.15 
8.16 
8.09 
8.04 
8.13 
8.08 
7.94 

3 

8  03 

4 

5 

8  21 

0 

8  38 

8  17 

8 

8  34 

10 

8  15 

11 

8  19 

12 

(t) 
8  00 

13 

14 

7  99 

15 

7  91 

17 

7.92 

18 

8.09 

19 

8.19 

20 

8. 18 

21 

(t) 

22 

8.34 

24 

7.80            7.81 
7.  77             7. 77 
7. 68             7. 68 

8.28 

26 

8.  29 

26 

8.21 

27 

7.71              7.71              7.71 
7.77              7.77              7.77 

8.17 

2* 

8.26 

29 

31 

7.72 

7.60 

7.72 
7.60 

8.21 
8.08 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


490  DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov.          Dec. 
delivery,   delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1892. 
Nov.      1 

(t) 

7.82 
7.80 
7.83 
7.93 
8.05 

(t) 
8.33 
8.47 
8.55 
8.55 
8.57 
8.80 
8.96 
8.68 
8.63 
9.00 
9.05 
9.17 
9.29 

(t) 

(t) 
9.64 
9.50 

(t) 
7.84 
7.80 
7.84 
7.94 
8.06 

(t) 

8.35 
8.48 
8.56 
8.56 
8.55 
8.80 
8.97 
8.68 
8.63 
9.01 
9.06 
9.17 
9.29 

(t) 

(t) 
9.60 
9.5C 
9.40 
9.40 

(t) 
7.94 
7.90 
7.94 
8.05 
8.17 

(t) 
8.46 
8.60 
8.67 
8.67 
8.67 
8.91 
9.08 
8.80 
8.75 
9.13 
9.15 
9.26 
9.35 

(t) 

(t) 
9.64 
9.50 
9.40 
9.38 

(t) 
8.04 
7.99 
8.04 
8.15 
8.27 

(t) 
8.57 
8.70 
8.78 
8.78 
8.77 
9.01 
9.19 
8.90 
8.85 
9.24 
9.26 
9.36 
9.45 

(t) 

(t) 
9.67 
9  53 
9.45 
9.44 

7.89 
8.01 
8.01 
8.01 
8.11 
8.26 

(t) 
8.47 
8.58 
8.68 
8.76 
8.68 
8.90 
9.09 
8.98 
8.79 
9.10 
9.11 
9.27 
9.43 

(t) 
9.83 
9.80 
(*) 
9.46 

8.06 
8.19 
8.16 
8.17 
8.27 
8.41 

(t) 
8.61 
8.72 
8.75 
8.84 
8.76 
8.97 
9.16 
9.03 
8.84 
9.14 
9.15 
9.28 
9.44 

(t) 
9.84 
9.80 
9.53 
9.47 
9.50 

8.19 
8.31 
8.29 
8.30 
8.40 
8.54 

(t) 
8.74 
8.86 
8.89 
8.99 
8.91 
9.12 
9.32 
9.18 
8.99 
9.28 
9.29 
9.43 
9.56 

(t) 
9.90 
9.87 
9.60 
9.55 
9.57 

8  31 

2 

8  43 

3 

8  41 

4 

8  42 

5 

8  5'' 

7 

8  67 

8 

(t) 
8  88 

9 

10 

8  99 

11 

9  02 

12 

9  13 

14 

9  04 

15 

9  26 

16 

17 

9  31 

18 

9. 11 

19 

9  40 

21 

9  43 

22 

9.56 

23 .... 

24 

9.68 
(t) 
10.03 

25 

26 

10  01 

28 

9  73 

29 

9.68 

30 

9.70 

Dec. 
delivery. 

JaD. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Dec.       1 

9.23 
9.03 
9.11 
8.84 
8.99 
9.38 
9.45 
9.36 
9.34 
9.46 
9.45 
9.50 
9.65 
9.60 
0.58 
9.45 
9.50 
9.45 
9.35 

9.21 
9.02 
9.10 
8.84 
8.99 
9.38 
9.45 
9.36 
9.37 
9.46 
9.45 
9.51 
9.70 
9.63 
9.62 
9.46 
9.52 
9.47 
o  36 

9.27 
9.06 
9.15 
8.87 
9.02 
9.38 
9.45 
9.36 
9.37 
9.48 
9.47 
9.55 
9.76 
9.70 
9.69 
9.54 
9.60 
9.54 
9.43 
9.56 

(t) 

it) 
9.  56 
9.58 
9.61 
9.57 

(t) 

9.33 
9.13 
9.23 
8.94 
9.07 
9.44 
9.50 
9.39 
9.40 
9.51 
9.50 
9.58 
9.82 
9.77 
9.77 
9.62 
9.67 
9.62 
9.50 
9.64 

(t) 

(t) 
9.64 
9.60 
9.69 
9.65 

(t) 

9.37 
9.15 
9.19 
8.98 
9.07 
9.42 
9.52 
9.34 
9.37 
9.52 
9.48 
9.51 
9.67 
9.61 
9.66 
9.56 
9.59 
9.56 
9.47 
9.53 

(t) 

(t) 
9.58 
9.64 
9.61 

9.43 
9.19 
9.25 
9.04 
9.11 
9.46 
9.56 
9.38 
9.42 
9.56 
9.5.1 
9.59 
9.74 
9.68 
9.74 
9.60 
9.63 
9.60 
9.51 
9.58 

(t) 

(t) 
9.62 
9.66 
9.64 
9.62 

(t) 

9.54 
9.30 
9.36 
9.15 
9.23 
9.58 
9.67 
9.48 
9.53 
9.57 
9.  63 
9.  69 
9.84 
9.79 
9.86 
9.73 
9.77 
9.74 
9.63 
9.71 

(t) 

(t) 
9.74 
9.78 
9.77 
9.73 

(t) 

9.66 

9.41 

3 

9.48 

5 

9.26 

6 

9.  35 

7 

9.  70 

8 

9.78 

9 

9.60 

10 

9.64 

12 

9.78 

13 

9.73 

14 

9.79 

15 

9.94 

16 

9.90 

17 

9.97 

19 

9.84 

20 

9.88 

21 

9.85 

22 

9.  7.", 

23 

9. 47             9  49 

9.81 

24 

Ctj 

(t) 

9.45 
9.50 

(t) 

(t) 
9.48 
9.51 
9.54 
9.48 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

(t) 

9.86 

27 

28 

9.89 

29 

9.88 

30 

9.84 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

•  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES."  491 

Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  .\<  u>  Fork,  1S80  to  1S9S. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

.Tan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

deliver] . 

Apr. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

1893. 
Jan.       2 

(t) 
9.11 
y.  50 
9.56 
9.65 
9.  52 
9.50 
9.44 
9.36 
9.31 
9.32 
9.23 
9.10 
9.15 
9.26 
9.17 
9.33 
9.26 
9.30 
9.26 
9.25 
9.22 
9.20 
9.20 

(t) 
9.48 
9.57 
9.63 
9.74 
9.58 
9.55 
9.  50 
9.40 
9.37 
9.35 

.  9.26 
9.10 
9.16 
9.35 
9.20 
9.30 
9.23 
9.30 
9.  23 
9.24 
9.19 
9.18 
9.18 
9.08 
9.08 

(t) 

9.55 
9.63 
9.70 
9.80 
9.65 
9.03 
9.56 
9.46 
9. 43 
9.42 
9.32 
9.16 
9.22 
9.41 
9.28 
9.39 
9.31 
9.39 
9.33 
9.33 
9.  27 
9.27 
9.27 
9.15 
9.14 

(t) 
9.62 
9.70 
9.70 
9.87 
9.72 
9.69 
9.62 
9.51 
9.48 
9.48 
9.38 
9.21 
9.28 
9.48 
9.34 
9.46 
9.  37 
9.45 
9.39 
9.38 
9.33 
9.32 
9.  32 
9.20 
9.19 

(t) 
9.  52 
9.60 
9.64 
9.71 
9.  62 
9.60 
9.54 
9.41 
9.35 
9.43 
9.31 
9.18 
9.21 
9.38 
9.33 
9.47 
9.34 
9.45 
9.40 
9.41 
9.31 
9.31 
9.33 

». 

(t) 
9.64 
9.73 
9.77 
9.  S4 
9.75 
9.71 
9.65 
9. 52 
9.46 
9.54 
9.41 
9.25 
9.29 
9.46 
9.41 
9.54 
9.41 
9.48 
9.43 
9.41 
9.32 
9.32 
9.34 
9.  23 
9.23 

(t) 
9.75 
9.84 

9.95 
9.85 
9.81 
9.  70 
9.  63 
9.57 
9.05 
9.51 
9.30 
9.39 
9.56 
9.51 
9.63 
9.51 
9.58 
9.53 
9.  51 
9.43 
9.44 
9.46 
9.34 
9.34 

(t) 

a 

9.85 

4 

9.9t 

9.98 

6 

10.  05 

9.95 

9 

9.91 

H> 

9.85 

11 

9.72 

12 

9.60 

18 

9.74 

14 

9.60 

Hi 

9.43 

17 

9.47 

18 

9.  66 

19 

9.60 

20 

9.72 

21 

9.59 

23 

9.66 

24 

9.61 

25 

9.60 

26 

9.51 

27 

9.52 

28 

9.55 

9.42 

9.43 

Feb. 

delivery. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Mar. 

delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 

delivery. 

Feb       J 

9.14 
9.14 
9.04 
8.99 
9.06 
9.02 
8.  97 
8.80 
8.70 
8.85 
8.63 

(t) 
8.01 
8.55 
8.70 
8.87 
8.92 
8.92 

(t) 
8.91 
8.88 
8.75 

9.21 
9.21 
9.05 
9.01 
9.11 
9.  00 
8.97 
8.82 
8.  72 
8.86 
8.61 
(t) 

8.01 

8.59 
,-  70 
8.87 
8.92 
8.92 
(t) 
8.91 
8.88 
8.  70 
8.62 
8.79 

9.26 
9.  26 
9.10 
9.05 
9.16 
9.12 
9.03 
8.88 
8.78 
8.91 
8.  67 
(t) 
8  67 
8.  65 
8.78 
8.94 

8.  98 

9.00 
(t) 
9.00 
8.98 
8.88 
8.69 
8.85 

9.32 
9.32 
9. 15 

9.11 
9.22 
9.17 
9.09 
8.91 
8.84 
8.97 
8.73 

(t) 
8.73 
8.72 
8.85 
9.00 
9.04 
9.07 

(t) 
9.08 
9.06 
8.96 
8.78 
8.94 

9.28 
9.29 
9. 15 
9.09 
9.15 
9.15 
9.07 
8.95 
8.87 
8.97 
8.79 
8.60 
8.77 
8.76 
8.83 
8.98 
9.00 
9.05 
(t) 
9.07 
9.03 
(*) 
(*) 

9.38 
9.39 
9.25 
9.  li) 
9.25 
9.25 
9.16 
9.02 
8.94 
9.04 
8.85 
8.07 

8.  St 

8.81 
8.89 
9.03 
9.05 
9.10 
(t) 
9.10 
9.05 
9.00 
8.85 
8.94 

9.48 
9.48 
9.34 
9.28 
9.34 
9.34 
9.24 
9.10 
9.03 
9.13 
8.94 
8.75 
8.94 
8.90 
8.98 
9.13 
9.  15 
9.21 
(t) 
9.22 
9.  16 
9.08 
8.92 
9.03 

9.57 

2 

9.57 

\i 

9.42 

4    

9.35 

0 

9.42 

7 

9.42 

8 

9.33 

9 

9.18 

10 

9.10 

11 

9.21 

i:j 

9.02 

14 

8.84 

15 

9.03 

16 

8.99 

17 

18 

20 

21 

-"J 

23 

24 

9.08 
9.  22 
9.25 
9.30 
(t) 
9.31 
9.26 

25 

9.18 

27 

9.01 

28 

9.12 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


492 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (bid) prides  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  18S0  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
deliveryT. 

Mar. 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery'. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

1893. 

8.75 
8.71 
8.78 
8.87 
8.89 
8.93 
8.87 
8.89 
8.76 
8.81 
8.  G6 
8.45 
8.50 
8.63 
8.56 
8.52 
8.59 
8.57 
8.64 
8.54 
8.46 
8.38 
8.12 
8.08 

8.84 
8.77 
8.83 
8.92 
8.94 
8.98 
8.90 
8.90 
8.80 
8.82 
8.68 
8.56 
8.58 
8.69 
8.61 
8.56 
8.63 
8.58 
8.66 
8.55 
8.46 
8.39 
8.12 
8.08 
8.14 
8.08 
(t) 

8.93 
8.86 
8.92 
9.00 
9.03 
9.07 
8.99 
8.99 
8.89 
8.92 
8.78 
8.66 
8.67 
8.79 
8.70 
8.66 
8.73 
8.68 
8.76 
8.65 
8.57 
8.49 
8.22 
8.18 
8.24 
8.18 
(t) 

8.99 
8.92 
8.97 
9.07 
9.10 
9.14 
9.06 
9.06 
8.96 
9.00 
8.86 
8.74 
8.75 
8.87 
8.78 
8.73 
8.80 
8.76 
8.84 
8.73 
8.65 
8.57 
8.29 
8.25 
8.32 
8.25 
(t) 

8.97 
8.95 
8.99 
9.03 
9.01 
9.06 
9.00 
9.01 
8.94 
8.94 
8.85 
8.71 
8.72 
8.83 
8.73 
8.73 
8.77 
8.75 
8.74 
8.67 
8.61 
8.56 
8.32 
(*) 
8.30 

9.06 

9.00 
9.03 
9.08 
9.06 
9.14 
9.06 
9.06 
8.97 
8.98 
8.87 
8.73 
8.73 
8.85 
8.75 
8.74 
8.78 
8.77 
8.82 
8.72 
8.65 
8.58 
8.34 
8.27 
8.28 
8.32 
(t) 

9.14 
9.09 
9.12 
9.  17 
9.16 
9.24 
9.16 
9.16 
9.07 
9.09 
8.97 
8.82 
8.82 
8.95 
8.85 
8.84 
8.88 
8.86 
8.90 
8.81 
8.74 
8.68 
8.45 
8.37 
8.36 
8.39 
(t) 

9.21 

2 

9.17 

i 

9.19 

4 

9.25 

6 

9.24 

7 

9.33 

8 

9.25 

9 

9.25 

10 

9.15 

11 

9.17 

13 

9.05 

14 

8.91 

15 

8.91 

16 

9.04 

17 

8.93 

18    

8.93 

20    

8.97 

21 

8.94 

22 

8.92 

23 

8.89 

24 

8.89 

25 

8.75 

27    

8.54 

28 

8.46 

8.46 

8.48 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr. 
delivery. 

May- 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Apr       1 

(t) 
7.85 
7.90 
7.68 
7.92 
7.92 
7.95 
7.80 
7.85 
7.  70 
7.  63 
7.61 
7.50 
7. 'JO 
7.31 
7.28 
7.50 
7.35 
7.30 
7.30 
7.28 
7.29 

(t) 
7.20 

(t) 
7.94 
7.97 
7.73 
7.94 
7.96 
7.99 
7,84 
7.89 
7.71 
7.66 
7.65 
7.  55 
7.23 
7.34 
7.30 
7.54 
7.36 
7.31 
7.30 
7.29 
7.29 

(t) 
7.23 
7.23 

(t) 
8.01 
8.04 
7.81 
8.01 
8.04 
8.07 
7.92 
7.97 
7.78 
7.73 
7.72 
7.63 
7.31 
7.42 
7.38 
7.  62 
7.45 
7.38 
7.38 
7.  38 
7.36 

(t) 
7.24 
7.26 

(t) 

8.08 
8.11 
7.88 
8.08 
8.11 
8.14 
7.98 
8.04 
7.85 
7.80 
7.79 
7.70 
7.38 
7.50 
7.46 
7.70 
7.53 
7.  10 
7.46 
7.  45 
7.44 
(t) 
7.31 
7.32 

(t) 
8.07 
8.11 
7.88 
8.11 
8.13 
8.15 
7.98 
8.06 
7.91 
7.80 
7.83 
7.74 
7.45 
7.55 
7.53 
7.71 
7.59 
7.45 
7.50 
7.50 
7.48 

(t) 
7.37 

(t) 

8.15 
8.18 
7.95 
8.18 
8.19 
8.22 
8.04 
8.12 
7.97 
7.90 
7.91 
7.81 
7.  60 
7.59 
7.57 
7.74 
7.61 
7.47 
7.52 
7.51 
7.48 
(t) 
7.  38 
7.37 

(t) 
8.23 
8.26 
8.04 
8.26 
8.28 
8.29 
8.11 
8.19 
8.04 
7.98 
7.98 
7.87 
7.58 
7.67 
7.65 
7.84 
7.70 
7.57 
7.62 
7.60 
7.59 

(t) 
7.48 
7.46 

(t) 
8.30 

3 

4 

8.32 

5 

8.11 

6 

8.32 

7 

8.34 

8 

8.37 

Id 

8.18 

11 

8.27 

12 

8.10 

13 

8.05 

14 

8.06 

15    

7.94 

17 

7.66 

18 

7.74 

19 

7.72 

20 

7.91 

21 

7.79 

22 

7.66 

24 

7.71 

25 

7.69 

26 

7.68 

27 

<t) 

28 

7.57 

29 

7.  55 

1  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


493 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

May          June 
delivery,   delivery. 

.1  illy 

delivery. 

delivery. 

May 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

A  uS. 
delivery. 

1893. 
Slav       1 

7.29 
7.28 
7.31 

7.30 
7.35 
7.40 
7.49 

7.47 
7.  54 
7.  42 
7.30 
7.29 
7.20 
7.  IM 
7.  IS 
7.  20 
7.19 
7.17 
7.11 
7.16 
7.08 
7.06 
7.08 
7.05 
7.00 

7.32 
7.31 
7.34 
7.34 
7.37 
7.41 
7.51 
7.50 
7.50 
7.44 
7.32 
7.31 
7.21 
7.  26 
7.18 
7.  22 

7.  L'n 
7.18 
7.11 
7.17 
7.09 
7.06 
7.08 
7.05 
7.00 
7.11 
7.08 

7.39 
7.38 
7.41 
7.41 
7.42 
7. -15 
7.55 
7.55 
7.61 
7.49 
7.37 
7.37 
7.27 
7.33 
7.25 
7.28 
7.27 
7.25 
7.18 
7.24 
7.15 
7.13 
7.12 
7.  in 
7.06 
7.14 
7.12 

7.46 
7.  4.". 
7.48 
7.48 
7.  18 
7.  52 
7.  62 
7.  62 
7.68 
7.56 
7.44 
7.43 
7.34 
7.39 
7.31 
7.35 
7.34 
7.32 
7.25 
7.31 
7.22 
7.20 
7.19 
7.16 
7.12 
7.21 
7.18 

7. 49             7.  50 
7.42             7.51 
7.48  '          7.56 
7  46            7  F» 

7.65 
7. 'in 
7. 65 
7.63 
7.62 
7.64 
7.67 
7.72 
7.63 
7.63 
7.55 
7.54 
7.46 
7.49 
7.45 
7.48 
7.45 
7.44 
7.40 
7.44 
7.35 
7.34 
7.34 
7.32 
7.31 
(t) 
7.36 

7.71 

•» 

7.67 

3 

7.  72 

4 

7.70 

5 

7.45 
7.  17 
7.49 
7.  52 
7.45 
7.45 
7.36 
7.36 
7.32 
7.36 
7.31 
7.34 
7.31 
7.  32 
7.26 
7.31 
7.23 
7.23 
7.22 
7.  22 
7!  22 
(t) 

7.52 
7.54 
7.57 
7.62 
7.53 
7.53 
7.45 
7.44 
7.37 
7.40 
7.35 
7.39 
7.36 
7.34 
7.30 
7.34 
7.25 
7.23 
7.23 
7.  22 
1. 22 
(t) 
7.26 

7.69 

6 

7.72 

8 

7.75 

9 

7   .-'i 

10 

7.72 

11 

7.72 

12 

7.64 

13 

7.63 

15 

7.55 

16 

7.58 

17 

7.53 

18 

7.57 

19 

7.54 

20 

7.53 

22 

7.48 

23 

7.52 

24 

7.43 

25 

7.42 

26 

7.43 

27 

7.41 

J9 

7.40 

30 

(t) 
7.45 

31 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

June 
delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

7.19 
7.33 
7.51 
7.36 

7.24 

7.34 
7.53 
7  38 

7.30 
7.4« 
7.59 
7.43 
7.57 
7.59 
7.  55 
7.60 
7.61 
7.62 
7.86 
7.88 
7.78 
7.80 
7.70 
7.66 
7.49 
7.62 
7.60 
7.50 
7.51 
7.49 
7.44 
7.44 
7.36 
7.44 

7.36 
7.46 
7.  C5 
7.49 
7.63 
7.64 
7.  57 
7.61 
7.62 
7.63 
7.89 
7.91 
7.79 
7.82 
7.71 
7.67 
7.50 
7.64 
7.63 
7.55 
7.66 
7.56 
7.54 
7.54 
7.46 
7.54 
I 

7.33 
7.45 
7.64 
7.47 
7.58 
7.61 
7.55 
7.57 
7.57 
7.65 
7.85 
7.92 
7.86 
7.90 
7.82 
7.72 
7.52 
7.65 
7.72 
7.62 
7.63 
7.61 
7.62 
7.65 
7.59 
7.71 

7.45 
7.54 
7.74 
7.54 
7.67 
7.70 
7.65 
7.67 
7.66 
7.72 
7  96 

7.54 
7.63 
7.83 
7.64 
7.77 
7.80 
7.76 
7.79 
7.  7.S 
7.83 
r.  on 

7.62 

2 

7.71 

3 

7.  91 

7.71 

6 

7.53              7  53 

7.86 

7 

7.53 
7.51 
7.  til 
7.64 
7.63 
7.88 
7.88 
7.78 
7.80 
7.71 
7.68 
7.50 
7.60 
7.56 
7.46 
7.47 
7.47 
7.44 
7.44 
7.36 

7.54 
7.51 
7.62 
7.64 
7.63 
7.88 
7.88 
7.78 
7.80 
7.71 
7.68 
7.49 
7.59 
7.50 
7.46 
7.47 
7.47 
7.44 
7.44 
7.36 
7.45 

7.88 

8 

7.84 

9 

7.87 

10 

7.86 

12 

7.91 

13 

8.15 

14 

8. 00  1          8.  08 
7.  93             8-  02 

8.17 

i :. 

8.09 

16 

7.97 
7.89 
7.77 
7.58 
7.71 
7.76 
7.67 
7.66 
7.64 
7.66 
7.68 
7.61 
7.71 

8.07 
7.99 
7.90 
7.72 
7.83 
7.87 
7.80 
7.81 
7.79 
7.81 
7.81 
7.73 
7.81 

8.12 

17 

8.04 

19 

7.95 

20 

7.77 

21 

7.90 

22 

7.95 

23 

7.87 

24 

7.89 

26 

7.88 

27 

7.89 

28 

7.89 

29 

30 

7.81 
7.90 

t  Holiday. 


494 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  {bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Xew  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


\ 

New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

July 

ill-livery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

July 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

1893. 

July          1      

7.48 
7.44 
(t) 

7.45 
7.46 
7.48 
7.49 
7.64 
7.50 
7.50 
7.51 
7.60 
7.63 
7.68 
7.63 
7.56 
7.57 
7.56 
7.54 
7.46 
7.46 
7.46 
7.43 

7.48 
7.43 
(t) 
7.45 
7.46 
7.46 
7.48 
7.64 
7.50 
7.50 
7.51 
7.56 
7.58 
7.63 
7.58 
7.52 
7.50 
7.50 
7.48 
7.42 
7.43 
7.39 
7.45 
7.43 
7.45 
7.44 

7.58 
7.54 
(t) 
7.53 
7.55 
7.57 
7.60 
7.74 
7.59 
7.60 
7.60 
7.65 
7.68 
7.73 
7.65 
7.61 
7.59 
7.59 
7.56 
7.51 
7.52 
7.50 
7.54 
7.53 
7.55 
7.54 

7.70 
7.65 
(t) 
7.66 
7.67 
7.70 
7.74 
7.88 
7.72 
7.72 
7.72 
7.78 
7.79 
7.82 
7.77 
7.72 
7.69 
7.69 
7.66 
7.62 
7.62 
7.59 
7.64 
7.63 
7.65 
7.64 

7.79 
7.76 
(t) 
7.75 
7.76 
7.82 
7.86 
7.98 
7.84 
7.86 
7.86 
7.88 
7.94 
7.98 
7.90 
7.89 
7.85 
7.86 
7.83 
7.81 
7.80 
7.75 
7.86 
7.86 
7.90 

7.89 
7.83 
(t) 

7.83 
7.84 
7.88 
7.91 
8.04 
7.89 
7.91 
7.91 
7.93 
7.99 
8.02 
7.93 
7.91 
7.87 
7.88 
7.83 
7.80 
7.79 
7.70 
7.86 
7.86 
7.90 
7.83 

7.98 
7.93 
(t) 
7.91 
7.93 
7.97 
8.01 
8.13 
7.99 
8.01 
8.01 
8.03 
8.09 
8.12 
8.03 
8.02 
7.97 
7.98 
7.93 
7.89 
7.89 
7.85 
7.94 
7.91 
7.95 
7.88 

8.08 

3 

8.02 

4    

(t) 

5 

8.01 

6 

8.03 

8.02 

8 

8.11 

10 

8.23 

11 

8.09 

12 

8.11 

13 

8.11 

14 

8.13 

15 

8.19 

17      

8.22 

18 

8.14 

19 

8.12 

20     

8.07 

21 

8.08 

29 

8.04 

24 

7.99 

25 

7.99 

26 

7.95 

27 

8.04 

28 

8.03 

29 

8.06 

31 

7.99 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Aug. 
delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Atjo        j 

7.32 
7.41 
7.36 
7.28 
7.25 
7.14 
7.10 
7.12 
7.01 
7.07 
7.07 
6.96 
6.86 
6.85 
6.77 
6.67 
6.69 
6.72 
6.83 
(i.  92 
6.79 
6.87 
7.07 
7.25 
7.30 

7.40 
7.44 
7.35 
7.27 
7.22 
7.16 
7.09 
7.12 
7.03 
7.07 
7.07 
6.94 
6.87 
6.85 
6.77 
6.67 
6.69 
6.73 
6.83 
6.92 
6.79 
6.87 
7.07 
7.25 
7.30 

7.50 
7.53 
7.44 
7.37 
7.32 
7.27 
7.21 
7.25 
7.14 
7.17 
7.17 
7.05 
6.97 
6.95 
6.S7 
6.78 
6.80 
6.82 
6.89 
7.02 
6.89 
6.97 
7.17 
7.31 
7.37 

7.60 
7.63 
7.54 
7.47 
7.42 
7.37 
7.31 
7.36 
7.25 
7.28 
7.28 
7.16 
7.U8 
7.07 
6.98 
6.89 
6.91 
6.92 
7.01 
7.13 
7.00 
7.08 
7.29 
7.42 
7.47 

7.69 
7.75 
7.64 
7.54 
7.51 
7.45 
7.41 
7.48 
7.38 
7.51 
7.51 
7.34 
7.22 
7.22 
7.15 
7.06 
7.05 
7.02 
7.09 
7.21 
7.01 
7.04 
(*) 
(*) 
(*) 

7.73 
7.79 
7.69 
7.60 
7.57 
7.50 
7.47 
7.53 
7.42 
7.48 
7.48 
7.37 
7.26 
7.26 
7.18 
7.08 
7.07 
7.04 
7.11 
7.25 
7.10 
7.08 
7.42 
7.51 
7.52 
7.31 
7.32 

7.84 
7.90 
7.80 
7.71 
7.69 
7.60 
7.58 
7.64 
7.53 
7.57 
7.57 
7.45 
7.35 
7.34 
7.26 
7.17 
7.17 
7.16 
7.23 
7.37 
7.26 
7.32 
7.58 
7.70 
7.69 
7.51 
7.56 

7.94 

2 

8.00 

3 

7.90 

4 

7.81 

5 

7.79 

7 

7.70 

8 

7.68 

9 

7.74 

10 

7.63 

11 

7.67 

12 

7.67 

14 

7.55 

15 

7.44 

16 

7.43 

17 

7.34 

18 

7.26 

19 

7.26 

21 

7.25 

22 

7.32 

23 

7.47 

24 

7.37 

25 

7.44 

26 

7.69 

28 

7.82 

29 

7.81 

7.62 

31  .. 

7.18 

7.28 

7.39 

7.69 

•  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


495 


Daily  (bid)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Sept. 

delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Sept. 
delivery. 

Oct. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

1893. 
o 

7.37 

7.38 
7.55 
7.63 
7.48 
7.45 
7.65 
7.77 
7.94 
7.75 
7.83 
7.96 
7.98 
7.95 
7.75 
7.74 
7.75 
7.95 
7,90 
7.90 
7.75 
7.70 
7.55 
7.45 

7.46 
7.45 
7.  50 

7.68 
7.55 
7.33 
7.70 
7.83 
7.99 
7.79 
7.90 
8.02 
8.04 
8.01 
7.79 
7.78 
7.79 
7.99 
7.96 
7.93 
7.78 
7.71 
7.56 
7.48 
7.45 
7.54 

7.57 
7.56 
7.70 
7.79 
7.65 
7.64 
7.81 
7.94 
8.10 
7.90 
8.01 
8.12 
8.15 
8.12 
7.89 
7.88 
7.89 
8.09 
8.06 
8.03 
7.88 
7.82 
7.67 
7.58 
7.47 
7.57 

7.66  J 

7.65  ' 

7.80  1 

7.89 

7.75 

7.74 

7.91 

S.  04 

8.  -l\) 

8.01 

8.11 

8.23 

8.26 

8.22 

8.00 

7.99 

8.00 

8.20 

8.17 

8.14 

7.99 

7.93 

7.78 

7.68 

7.58 

7.67 

7.54 

7.56 

(t) 
7.75 
7.60 
7.55 
7.  >o 
7.91 
8.07 
7.92 
7.98 
8.07 
8.13 
8.12 
7.87 
7.86 
7.95 
8.06 
8.09 
8.06 
7.59 
7.88 

(*) 

(*> 

(*) 
7.70 

7.74 
7.76 
(t) 
7.95 
7.79 
7.74 
7.91 
8.01 
8.17 
8.02 
8.09 
8.17 
8.26 
8.22 
7.98 
7.97 
8.01 
8.16 
8.15 
8.12 
8.01 
7.93 
7.85 
7.73 
7.63 
7.80 

7.89 
7.91 
(t) 
8.11 

7.  0t 
7.88 
8.07 
8.19 
8.34 
8.19 
8.25 
8.35 
8.42 
8.38 

8.  14 
8.11 
8.16 
8.31 
8.30 
8.27 
8.15 
8.05 
7.94 
7.83 
7.73 
7.92 

7.99 
8.01 

4 

(t) 

5    

8.23 

6 

8.07 

7 

8.01 

8 

8.20 

9 

8.32 

11 

8.46 

12 

8.30 

13 

8.37 

14 

8.47 

15 

8.56 

16 

8.52 

18 

8.26 

19 

8.23 

20 

8.28 

21 

8.45 

22 

8.42 

23 

8.39 

25 

8.26 

•Jti    

8.17 

27 

8.07 

28 

7.95 

29 

7.85 

30 

8.03 

( tot, 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 

delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct. 

delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Oct         2 

7.57 
7.71 
7.87 
7.78 
7.82 
7.87 
7.80 
7.65 
7.83 
7.89 
7.90 
7.92 
7.93 
7.93 
7.88 
7.93 
7.88 
7.80 
7.62 
7.75 
7.66 
7.56 
7.63 
7.65 

7.60 
7.74 
7.91 
7.83 
7.86 
7.91 
7.82 
7.68 
7.86 
7.92 
7.93 
7.94 
7.94 
7.94 
7.88 
7.94 
7.88 
7.77 
7.59 
7.74 
7.66 
7.56 
7.63 
7.65 
7.60 
7.61 

7.70 
7.85 
8.03 
7.94 
7.97 
8.02 
7.93 
7.79 
7.97 
8.03 
8.04 
8.06 
8.06 
8.06 
8.00 
8.05 
8.00 
7.89 
7.72 
7.87 
7.79 
7.70 
7.75 
7.78 
7.76 
7.79 

7.80 
7.95 
8.13 
8.04 
8.07 
8.12 
8.03 
7.89 
8.17 
8.13 
8.13 
8.14 
8.15 
8.14 
8.08 
8.13 
8.08 
7.97 
7.79 
7.94 
7.86 
7.76 
7.80 
7.82 
7.82 
7.85 

7.74 
7.89 
8.11 
8.00 
8.0G 
8.15 
8.05 
7.89 
8.06 
8.13 
8.16 
8.18 
8.29 
8.19 
8.18 
8.22 
8.22 
8.12 
7.98 
8.12 
8.03 
7.90 
8.01 
8.02 
7.97 

7.83 
7.99 
8.20 
8.10 
8.14 
8.22 
8.12 
7.95 
8.13 
8.20 
8.23 
8.25 
8.34 
8.24 
8.22 
8.25 
8.24 
8.12 
7.96 
8.10 
8.02 
7.89 
8.00 
8.01 
8.02 
8.08 

7.95 
8.12 
8.33 
8.22 
8.26 
8.35 
8.24 
8.07 
8.  25 
8.32 
8.34 
8.36 
8.45 
8.34 
8.31 
8..34 
8.33 
8.20 
8.03 
8.19 
8.11 
7.98 
8.07 
8.08 
8.08 
8.14 

8.07 

3 

8.23 

4 

8.44 

5 

8.33 

6 

8.37 

7 

8.45 

9 

8.34 

10 

8.17 

11 

8.35 

12 

8.42 

13 

8.44 

14 

8.47 

16 

8.55 

17 

8.45 

18 

8.42 

19 

20 

8.44 
8.42 

21 

8.30 

23 

8.11 

24 

8.28 

25 

8.20 

26 

8.06 

27 

8.15 

28 

8.15 

30 

8.16 

31 

8.21 

*  Nominal. 


t  Holiday. 


496 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  (Md)  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1S80  to  1S93. 


New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec.       |     Jan. 
delivery,    delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

Nov. 
delivery. 

Dec. 
delivery. 

Jan. 
delivery. 

Feb. 
delivery. 

1893. 
Nov.       1 

(t) 

7.79 

7.7C 

7.68 

7.63 

7.63 

7.63 

7.63 

7.65 

7.55 

7.50 

7.48 

7.50 

7.40 

7.36 

7.25 

7.20 

7.28 

(1) 

7.99 

7.94 

7.87 

7.79 

7.73 

7.77 

7.72 

7.80 

7.68 

7.65 

7.64 

7.61 

7.52 

7.49 

7.39 

7.35 

7.40 

(t) 

8.05 

8.00 

7.99 

7.93 

7.86 

7.90 

7.84 

7.91 

7.80 

7.78 

7.79 

7.77 

7.69 

7.66 

7.55 

7.52 

7.57 

(t) 

8.14 

8.08 

8.08 

8.02 

7.94 

7.99 

7.93 

8.00 

7.88 

7.88 

7.89 

7.87 

7.78 

7.76 

7.65 

7.62 

7.67 

8.11 

8.28 

8.24 

8.22 

8.21 

(t) 

8.  16 

8.05 

8.18 

8.05 

8.05 

8.04 

8.02 

7.94 

7.95 

7.81 

7.79 

7.82 

8.17 

8.34 

8.31 

8.27 

8.29 

(t) 

8.22 

8.15 

8.27 

8.11 

8.11 

8.10 

8.09 

8.00 

8.00 

7.86 

7.84 

7.87 

8.23 

8.40 
8.36 
8.31 
8.31 
(t) 
8.20 
8.18 
'8.29 
8.14 
8.12 
8.12 
8.12 
8.03 
8.03 
7.88 
7.87 
7.90 

8.30 

2 

8.47 

3 

8.44 

4 

8.39 

G    

8.39 

7 

(t) 
8.33 

8 

9 

8.26 

10 

8.36 

11 

8.  21 

13 

8.19 

14 

8.19 

15 

8.19 

16 

8.10 

17 

8.11 

18 

7.96 

20 

7.95 

21 

7.98 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 
Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1S9S. 


497 


Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  „»    of 

a  penny.] 


S3 

Iff 

/.  3 

i  > 

z  - 

i'i 

-  is 
ft* 

z  ™ 

ft* 

a 

hi  o 

da 

-  © 

ft* 

f-6 
ft*  © 
i  > 

3  > 
^.  — 

0   S 

1880. 

Sept.      1 

2 

13.12 
13.  12 
13.00 
13.00 

13.06 
13.00 
13.19 
13.  19 
13.31 
13.31 
13.37 
13.  ::i 
15.37 
13.  44 
13.  50 
13.44 
13.37 
13.31 

12.62 
12.  69 
L2.56 

12.  56 

12.50 

12.69 
12.69 
12. 75 
12.87 

13.00 
12.94 
13.00 

13.  12 
13.06 
L3.06 
13.00 
12.87 
12.87 

12.94 
13.  12 
13.06 
13.06 
13.00 
12.94 
12.87 

12.37 
12. 50 



1880. 

Nov.      1 

2 

12.09 

12.62 

12.56 
12.56 
12.  62 
12.  56 
12.56 

12.69 

12.75 

3 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

12.02 

12.50 

12.56 

12.  62 
12.56 
12.56 

12. 62 

12.  50 
12.62 
12.56 
12.50 
12.56 
12.56 

12.  02 
12.56 
12.02 

12.62 

12.62 
12.69 
12.81 
12.81 

13.  19 
13. 00 
13.31 
13.50 
13.  69 
13.02 
13. 50 
13. 5i> 

12.  09 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

12.  14 
12.  44 
12.56 
12.56 
12.62 
12.75 
12.75 
12.  87 
12.81 
12.87 
13.00 
12.94 
12.94 
12.87 
12.7.". 
12.75 
12. 81 
13.00 
12.  94 
12.94 
12.  94 
12.81 
12.81 

12.56 
12.56 
12.69 
12.75 

12.87 

12.87 

13.00 

"l2.*94 
12.87 
12.  75 
12.  81 

12.87 
13.06 
13.00 
13.00 
12.87 
12.81 

12.0.2 
12.  62 
12.  75 

12.02 

11 

11 

12.56 
12.62 

12.62 

13 

14 

12 

13 

12.62 

12.69 
12.62 

15 

15 

12.  69 

16 

17 

18 

20 

21 

22 

10 

17 

18 

19 

20 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

29 

30 

Dec.       1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

8 

9 

12.  09 
12.56 

12.  69 
12.81 
12.75 
L3.  12 
13.12 
13.25 
13.50 

13.  02 
13.50 
13.44 
13.44 

12.62 
12.56 
12.  69 

12.  81 
12.75 
13. 12 
13.06 
13.19 
13.44 
13.62 

13.  50 
13.44 
13.44 

12.00 

12.02 
12.  75 
12.87 
12.81 
13.25 

23 

24 

25 

27 

28 

29 

30 

13.37 
13.50 

13.44 
13.44 
13.44 
13.25 
13.19 

13. 19 
13.37 
13.09 
13.81 
13.  75 
13.62 
13.56 

6   . 

i  » 

:  » 
ft"3 

a  <o 

Of 

©  o 

1.    > 

u     ■ 

®  "© 

u    . 

Oct.        1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

12.81 
12.69 
12.  75 
L2.75 
12.69 
12.69 
12.81 
12.81 
12.  87 
12.  87 
12.81 
12.75 
L2.75 
12.75 
12.  94 
13.00 
13.00 
12.94 
12.94 
12.87 
L2.75 
12.69 
12.75 
12.87 
12.81 
12.81 

12.  75 
12.62 

12.  75 
12.62 
12.56 
12.81 
12.75 
12.87 
12.81 
12.75 
12.75 

12.69 

L2.87 

12.  ST 

12.75 
12.62 
12.69 
12.75 
12. 62 
12.  50 
12.81 
12.81 
12.87 

12.75 
12.75 
12.  69 
12.  75 
12.87 
L2.87 

12.75 

12.02 
12.  69 
12.  75 
12.62 

IO    KC 

12.  81 

12.81 
12.  94 
12.  87 
12.75 
12.75 
12.75 
12.75 
12.  94 
12.94 
12.87 
12.87 
12.87 

12.  09 

12.(12 
L2.62 
12.02 
12.  09 
12.62 

13.44 
13.44 
13.37 
13.  50 
13.50 
13.37 
13.31 

13.50 
13.44 
13.  56 
13.  56 
13.  62 
13.50 
13.  37 
13.37 
L3.31 
L3.37 
13.  37 
13.56 
13.56 
13.56 
13.  56 
13.44 
13. 56 
13.41 
13.37 
13.37 

(t) 

(t) 

(1) 
1       '1 
13.37 
13.50 

(D 

13.02 
13.50 
13.  02 
13.  02 
13.69 
13.56 
13.44 
13.  44 
13.  37 
13.50 
13.44 
13.  09 
13.69 
13.62 
13.  62 
13.56 
13.  62 
13.50 
13.  50 
13.50 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
13.37 
L3.44 
13.56 

(t) 

13.62 
13.62 
13.69 
13.75 
13.75 
13.09 
13  50 
13.56 

11 

12 

13 

10 

11 

13 

13.25 

13.31 

13.50 
13.  50 
13.50 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

14 

15 

10 

17 

18 

20 

21 

22 

23 

13.50 
13.56 
13.50 
13.50 
13.37 
13. 50 
13.37 
13.37 

13.75 
13.75 
L3.69 

13.00 
13.62 
13.  09 

21 

23 

12.87 
12.87 
12.81 
12.69 
12.  62 
12.62 
12.69 
12.69 

12.87 

12.81 
12.69 
12.62 
12.62 

12.  69 
12.69 

12.  02 

13.  62 

13.50 
13.56 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

24 

28 

29 

30 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(i) 

13.31 
13.37 
13.50 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
(t) 

13.44 
13.56 

13.02 
(t) 

COT — VOL  2- 


t  Holiday. 


-32 


498 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


1S81. 
1  .. 

3  -. 

4  .. 
5.. 
6.. 
7.. 
8.. 

10,. 
11.. 
12  .. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
17.. 
18  .. 
19.. 
20.. 

21  .. 

22  .. 
•24.. 
25.. 
20.. 


(1) 
13.50 


13.  62 

13.44 
13.  44 
13.37 
13.31 
13.31 
13.  25 
13.19 
13.31 
13.  25 
13.19 
13.12 
13.00 
13.00 
13.06 


13.  25 
13.06 


13.00 
13.06 
12.94 


12.  87 
12.  81 
12.87 
12.87 
12.81 
12.75 
1 2.  75 
12.  '5 
12. 87 
12.81 
L2.81 
12.81 
12.94 
12.94 
12.87 
12.  XT 
12.81 
12.7.'. 
12.75 
12.75 


12.7.". 
12.75 
12.  b7 


C8    >> 


(t) 

13.56 
13.62 
13.69 
13.56 
13.56 
13.50 
13.44 
13.57 
13.31 
13.31 
13.37 
13,37 
13.25 
13.19 
13.06 
13.  12 
13.  06 


13.19 
13.25 
13.12 
13.00 
13.06 
13. 06 
12.94 


-"J  3 
i  > 


13.00 
12.94 
13.00 
13.  06 

12.94 
12.87 
12.87 
12.94 


12.87 
12.87 
L2.87 
13.00 
13.06 
12.94 
12.94 
12.  87 
12.81 

12.  SI 
12.81 
12.75 
12.  .'I 
12.  SI 
13.00 


(t) 
13.62 
13.69 
13.75 
13.62 
13.62 
13.56 
13.50 
13.50 
13.44 
13.37 
13.  50 
13.44 
13.37 
13.25 
13.12 
13.19 
13.19 
13.25 
13.25 
13.37 
13.19 
13.19 
13. 12 
13.19 
13.06 


13.06 
13.06 
13.12 
13.19 
13.06 
13.  00 
13.06 
13.00 
13. 12 
13.  00 
13.00 
13.  00 
13. 12 
13.12 
13.  06 
13.06 
13.  00 
12.87 
12.11! 
12.04 


12.87 
12.94 

13.12 


(t) 

13.69 

13.75 

13.81 

13.75 

13.69 

13.69 

13. 62 

13.56 

13.50 

13.  44 

13.56 

13.50 

13.44 

13.31 

13.19 

13.31 

13.25 

13.31 

13.37 

13.44 

13.25 

13.25 

13.19 


13.12 


s  >> 

-  - 

>-5  ? 


5' 


13.19 
13.19 
13.19 
13.  25 
13. 12 
13.06 
13.  12 
13.  12 
13.19 
13.12 
13.  12 
1*.  12 
13.25 
13.25 
i:;.  L9 
13.  19 
13.12 
13.00 
13.00 
L3.  06 
13.00 
13.06 
L3.06 
13.  25 


1881 

Mar.   1 

3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Apr.   1 
2 

4 
5 
6 

8 
9 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
2:; 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


a  % 


,2  >> 


<r3 


12.00 
12. 06 
12.  06 
12.06 
12. 12 
12.25 
12.  12 
12.  12 
12.06 
L2.00 
11.94 
11.94 
(t) 
(t) 
(•) 

11.87 
11.81 
11.75 
11.75 
11. 81 
11.81 
11.81 
LI.  81 
11.81 
11.25 
11.  62 


3    J3 
'.   > 

P.  © 


13.12 
13.00 
12.87 
12.87 
12.  75 
12.50 
12.56 
12.37 
12.  37 
12.44 
12.37 
12.25 
12.  31 
12.31 
12.50 
12.31 
12.44 
12.50 
12.44 
12.  31 
12.25 
12. 19 
12.  25 
12.12 
11.94 
11.94 
11.87 


C3  » 


12.19 
12. 19 
12. 19 

12.  25 
12.25 
12.37 
12.25 
12.19 
12.  19 
12.12 
12.06 
12.06 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
12.00 
11.87 
11.81 
11.75 
11.81 
11.87 
11.94 
11.87 
11.81 
LI.  69 
11.  62 


S  >> 


13.25 
13.  06 
13.00 
13.  00 
12.  *7 
12.62 
12.  69 
12.  44 
12.50 
12.50 
12.44 
12.  37 
12.37 
12.44 
12.56 
12.24 
12.  56 
12.56 
12.56 
12.44 


12.  31 
12.37 
12.25 
12.12 
12.  06 
12.06 


t-5  o 


12.31 
12.31 
12.31 
12.  37 
12.37 
12.50 
12.37 
12.31 
12.31 
12.25 
12.  19 
12.19 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12.12 
12.06 
12.  00 
11.94 
12.00 
12.  00 
12.  12 
12.06 

12.00 
11.87 

11.81 


j  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


499 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures''  in  Liverpool,  ISSO  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  fa  of 

*  a  penny.] 


11.62 
11.50 
11.62 
11.89 
11.82 
11.56 
11.50 
11.31 
LI.  37 
11.60 
11.56 
11.  56 
11.75 
11.75 
11.69 
11.81 
11.81 
12.00 
12.00 
11.94 
12.00 


11 

I* 


11.87 


11.94 
11.94 


12.06 
12.19 
12.  25 

(1) 

(t) 

it. 
12.37 
12.37 
12.44 
12.44 
12.37 
12.44 
12.37 
12.37 
L2.  19 
12.  12 
12.  12 
12.25 
l'J.:;: 
12.  37 
12.  37 
12.31 
12.31 
12.37 
L2. 37 


11.81 
11.09 
LL81 
11.81 
11.75 
11.7.'> 
11.62 
11.44 
11.50 
11.52 
11.69 
11.59 
11.87 
11.81 
11.75 
11.87 
11.87 
12.  00 
11.94 
11.94 
12.00 
12.  0C 
11.87 
1 1 .  114 
11.94 
11.94 


<j  - 


12.  19 
12.31 
12.31 

(t) 

(t) 
12.  44 
12.44 
12.50 
12.44 
L2.44 
12.44 
12.  37 
12.  37 
12.25 
12.  12 
12.12 
12.25 
12.  :;7 

12.  44 
12.37 
12.  31 
12.31 
12.37 
12.37 
12.  11 


=  >> 


11.87 
11.81 
12.00 
L2.00 
11.94 
11.94 
11.81 
11.62 
11.69 
11.81 
11.87 
11.87 
12.  00 
11.94 
11.94 
12.06 
12.06 
12.  19 
12.  12 
12.12 
12. 12 
12.12 
12.06 
12.  06 
12.06 
12.06 


03  v 


12.37 
12.44 
12.44 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
12.  56 
12.  56 
12.62 
12.  50 
12.50 
12.56 
12.50 
12.  44 

12.37 
12.25 
12.25 

12.37 
12.56 
12.  56 
12.56 
12.50 
12.50 

12.56 

12. 56 


12.06 
11.94 
12.  12 
12.  12 
12.08 
12.08 
11.94 
11.81 

11.  ^7 
12.00 
12.00 
12.00 
12.19 

12.  12 
12.08 
12.  25 
12.  19 
12.  37 
12.  31 
12.31 
12.31 
12.31 
12.  25 


12.  25 
12.25 


co 


July 


12.00 

12.06 

12.  12 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12  19 

12.  19 

12.25 

12.  19 

12.  19 

12.  1H 

12.12 

12.19 

12.06 

12.00 

12.00 

12.  00 

12.19 

12.19 

12.  12 

12.06 

12.00 

12.00 

12.  12 


t  Holiday. 


1881, 

1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 

9 
in 
!  I 
12 

L3 
L5 

10 
17 
18 
19 
20 
22 

24 
2:. 
26 
■11 
29 
30 
31 


<Z 


12.  37 
12.44 
12.56 
12  89 
12.69 
12.62 
12.09 

12.  SI 

12.81 
12.87 

13.  06 
13.  25 
13.25 
13.00 
13.25 
13.  25 
13.31 
13.31 
13.31 
L3.37 
13.37 
13.37 
13.  50 
13.  69 
13.69 

(t) 


«2  ? 


(t) 

13.75 
13.09 
13.  62 
13.75 
13.69 
13.62 
13.62 
13.62 
13.  02 
13.69 
13.69 
13.87 
13.94 
14.00 
14.25 
14.19 
14.0,; 
14.00 
13.81 
13.75 
13.  75 
13.;r. 
13.75 
13.87 
13.94 
14.00 


12.56 
12.  56 

12.  75 

12.87 

12.  87 

12.  02 
12.81 
12.94 
13.00 
13.06 
13. 12 
13.31 
13.31 
13.06 
13.31 
13.37 
13.44 
13,37 
13.37 
13.44 
13.44 
13.44 

13.  56 
13.69 
13.69 

(t) 


OS 


DQ 


(1) 

12.75 
12.  62 

12.  56 
12.7.-. 
12.02 
12.  56 
12.62 
12.69 
12.69 
12.81 
12.81 
12.04 

12.87 

12.87 
12.  94 
12.81 
12.81 
12.81 
12.62 
12.62 
12.69 
12.81 
12.75 
12.81 
12.75 
12.  87 


12.  12 
12.  25 
12.37 
12.  31 
12. 25 
12.  25 
12.  37 
12.44 
12.44 
12.  44 
12.56 
12.  50 
12.37 
12. 50 
12.  56 
12.  56 
12.56 
12.50 


12.  02 
12.  02 
12.69 
12.81 
12.75 
(t) 


(t) 

12.19 
12.  12 
12.  00 

12.19 
12.  12 
12. 12 

12. 12 

12.25 
12.37 

12. 37 
12.  50 
12.50 
12.50 
12.  62 
12.  50 
12.37 
12.44 
12.  31 
12.31 
12.  37 
12.50 
12.  50 
12.50 


12.50 


>  >, 


11.75 
11.87 
12.  00 
11.94 


11.87 
11.94 

12.00 
12.  00 
11.94 
12.00 
12.  00 
12.00 
12.00 
12.  06 
12.  00 
12.00 
12.00 
12.  06 
12.  06 
12.06 
12.12 
12.  25 
12.19 
(t) 


P3 


(t) 

12.  06 
12.  00 
11.94 
12.00 
12.  00 
12. 00 
12.00 
12.00 
12.  12 
12.  19 
12. 19 
12.  37 
12.37 
12.37 
12.50 
12. 37 
12.  91 
12.  31 
12.25 
12.25 
12.25 
12.37 
12.  37 
12.44 


12.44 


500 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points  "   (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.]  ' 


"8  >> 

t>  >, 

§£ 

it 

§>, 

*U 

■o  >> 

°i 

^ 

PS 

if 

03 

1g 

fcS 

m 

>s 

o'^Z 

t>~ 

«s 

&& 

©  ts 

m^> 

O^ 

fc* 

fiti 

jZjTS 

O-o 

£•« 

fc.^ 

1881. 

1881. 

Sept.      1 

1! 

12.94 

12.62 

12.56 

12.56 

Nov.      1 

12.56 

12.75 

12.81 

12.94 

13.06 

12.81 

12. 75 

12.75 

2 

12.  56 

12.75 

12.  81 

12.94 

3 

13.12 

12.81 

12.81 

12.81 

3 

12.  62 

12.81 

12.94 

13.00 

13.25 

13.  00 

12.94 

12.  94 

4 

12.  69 

12.  87 

12.94 

6 

13.  25 

13.  0U 

12.94 

12.94 

5 

12.81 

12. 94 

13.06 

13.12 

7 

13.31 

13.00 

12.  94 

12.94 

7 

12.81 

12.94 

13.00 

13.06 

8 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

S 

12.  75 

12.87 

12.94 

9 

13.50 

13. 19 

13.19 

13.25 

9 

12.81 

12.94 

13.00 

13.06 

10 

13.37 

13.12 

13. 12 

13.  12 

Ill 

12.81 

12. 87 

13.00 

13.00 

12 

13.44 

13.25 

13.25 

13.37 

11 

12.81 

12.87 

13.00 

13.00 

13.31 

13.06 

13.06 

13.  06 

12 

12.  94 

13.00 

13.12 

13.19 

14 

13. 12 

12.87 

12.81 

12.87 

14 

13.  19 

13.  25 

13.31 

13.37 

15 

13.  25 

12.87 

12.  94 

12.81 

15 

13.  06 

13.12 

13.25 

13.31 

10 

13.  Ill 

12.  94 

12.94 

13.00 

16 

13.12 

13.12 

13.25 

13.31 

17 

13.12 

12. 87 

12.87 

12.87 

17 

13. 19 

13.25 

13.37 

13.44 

19 

20 

13.19 
13.12 

12.87 
12.  81 

18 

19 

13.25 
13. 12 

13.31 
13.12 

13.37 
13.19 

13.44 

12.81 

12.87 

13.  25 

21 

13.19 

12.94 

13.00 

13.00 

21 

13.19 

13.19 

13.25 

13.31 

•>o 

rs.^s 

13.  00 

13.00 

13.00 

22 

13.06 

13. 12 

13.19 

13.25 

23 

13. 19 

13.00 

13.00 

13.00 

23 

12.  94 

13.  00 

13.  06 

13.12 

24 

13.31 

13.12 

13.12 

13.12 

24 

12.94 

12.  94 

13.06 

13.12 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

25 

13.00 

13.00 

13.12 

27 

13.37 

13.25 

13.12 

13.19 

26 

13. 25 

13.25 

13.37 

13.44 

"X 

13.25 

13.00 

13.06 

13.00 

28 

13.12 

13.19 

13.  25 

13.37 

''9 

13.31 
13.31 

13.06 
13.06 

13.  06 
13.00 

13.06 
13.00 

29 

13.19 
13.37 

13.31 
13.44 

13.44 

30 

30 

13.25 

13.56 

£  >> 

o  ,- 

S  >> 

•s>» 

5  >> 

4  ^ 

5:>> 

^l 

ha  » 

■f* 

.  1-5    S 

1     > 

6  3 
i.  > 

r*  3 

^ 

O* 

ft* 

a-3 

1-5   - 

Dec.       1 

fi^ 

£* 

hH-3 

Oct.       1 

13.06 

13.00 

13.06 

13.  12 

13.25 

13.37 

13.50 

13.56 

3 

13.  12 

13.12 

13.12 

13.19 

2 

13.31 

13. 62 

13.69 

4 

13.06 

13.06 

13.  12 

13. 19 

3 

13.  19 

13.31 

13.  44 

13. 50 

5 

12.94 

12.  94 

13.00 

13.06 

5 

13.25 

13.  37 

13.  50 

13.56 

6 

12.81 

12.81 

12.81 

12.87 

6 

13.19 

13. 25 

13.37 

13.44 

7 

12.  87 

12.87 

12. 87 

12.  87 

7 

13.06 

13.12 

13.25 

13.31 

x 

12.75 

12.75 

12.81 

12.87 

8 

13.06 

13.12 

13.  25 

13.31 

10 

12.  62 

12.62 

12.  69 

12.75 

9 

13.12 

13.19 

13.31 

13.37 

11 

12.50 

12.  50 

12.56 

12.69 

10 

13.12 

L3.25 

13.37 

13.37 

12 

12.56 

12.56 

12.69 

12.81 

12 

13.06 

13.  12 

13.  25 

13.31 

13 

12.69 

12.75 

12.  75 

13.  00 

13 

13. 19 

L3. 25 

13.31 

13.44 

14 

12.69 

12.69 

12.  81 

L2.87 

14 

13.00 

13.  12 

13.19 

13.31 

15 

12.  56 

12.69 

12  75 

12.87 

15 

13.  12 

13.19 

13.31 

13.37 

17 

12.  50 

L2.62 

12.69 

12.75 

16 

L3.25 

13.31 

13.44 

13.  50 

18 

12.  11 

12.50 

12.  56 

12.  69 

17 

1  :.   17 

13.44 

13.56 

13.69 

19 

12.  50 

12.62 

12.  75 

12.81 

19 

13.37 

13.44 

13.56 

13.56 

°0 

12  ii-' 

1"  69 

12  81 

1"  94 

20 

13.44 

13.  56 

13.  62 

21 

12.56 

12.  75 

12.87 

21 

13.37 

13.37 

13.50 

13.56 

22 

12.02 

12.69 

12.81 

12.  94 

•  )■> 

13.37 

13.37 

13.56 

24 

12.69 

12.75 

12.  94 

13.00 

23 

13.25 

13.31 

13.37 

13.50 

25 

12  69 

12.75 

12.87 

12.  94 

24 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

12.58 

12.56 

12.75 

12.81 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

27 

1  2.  75 

1  2.  75 

12.81 

12.94 

27 

13.31 

13.31 

13.44 

13.50 

12.81 

12.81 

12.94 

13.06 

28 

13.31 

13.31 

13.44 

13.50 

29 

12.69 

12.  87 

12.94 

29 

L3.25 

13.37 

13.44 

31 

12.56 

12.56 

12.  69 

12.81 

30 

13.19 

13.  L9 

13.25 

13.37 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


» 


501 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1S9S. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  6'4-  of 

a  penny.] 


2.. 

:; .. 
4  .. 
5.. 
6.. 
7.. 

g .. 

10.. 

li.. 

12  .. 
13.. 

14  .. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 

20  .. 

21  .. 
23.. 
24  . . 
■■:■ . . 
26 . . 
27  .. 
28.. 
30  .. 
31.. 


1  .. 

2  .. 

3  .. 

4  .. 
0  .. 
7  .. 
8.- 
9 .. 

lo.. 
11.. 
13  .. 
14.. 
15  .. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
20.. 

21  .. 

22  . . 
■i.; .. 

24.. 
2.".  . . 
27  .. 
28.. 


(t) 
13.  19 

13.00 
13.  12 
13.  12 
13.25 

13.2.". 

13.37 


13.44 
13.44 
13.44 
13.50 
13.37 
13.31 

13.25 

13.  2.". 


13.31 
13.37 
13.  u 
13.25 
13.12 


- 1 


(t) 
13.00 

13. 10 
13.19 
13.31 

13.  44 
13.50 
13.44 
13.50 
13.44 
13.50 
13.50 
13.56 
13.56 
13.37 
13.37 

13.31 
13.  25 
13.25 
13.31 

1  ;. ::? 
13.  44 
13.25 
13.19 


■flj   gj 


13.31 

13.37 
13.44 
13.44 
13.  31 

13.19 
13.00 
13.00 
13.06 

12.  >7 
12.81 
12.  94 
13.00 
13.06 
13.06 
13.00 
12.H4 

12.87 
13.03 
13.00 

12.  07 


ft) 
13.37 

13.  19 

13.31 
13.44 

13.50 
13.62 

13.50 
13.56 


13.62 
13.62 
13.5  I 
13.44 
13.  50 
13.37 

13.37 
13.50 
13.50 
13.56 
13.37 
13.  37 


: — i 
<~ 


13.44 
13.50 
13.56 
13.56 
13.  50 
13.44 
13.31 
13.12 
13. 19 
13.  19 
13.00 
13.00 

12.  94 
13.06 

13.  12 
13.19 
13.19 
13.19 
13.  06 
12.97 
13.03 
13.  19 
13.  I'", 
13.12 


oJfj 


(t) 

13.44 

13.37 
13.37 

L3.62 
13.69 

1  I  62 
13.62 
13.56 
13.62 

13.69 
13.75 
13.75 
13.56 
13.56 
13.60 
13.50 
13.50 
13.44 
13.56 

13.69 
13.50 

13.44 


Apr. 


13. 56 

13.56 
13.69 
13.02 
13.56 
13. 50 
13.  44 
13.25 
13.25 
13.31 
13.06 
13. 12 

13.19 
13.25 
13.31 
13.31 
13.28 
13.19 
13.09 
13.16 
13.31 
13.28 
13.28 


t  Holiday. 


1882 

Mar.       1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


10  . 

11  . 

12  . 

13  . 

14  . 

15  . 

17  . 
IS  . 
19. 

20  . 

21  . 
22. 
21  . 

25 
26 

27. 
28  . 
29. 


13.00 
13.00 

1  1.06 
13.12 

1  1.22 

13.  22 
13.31 
13.37 
13.31 
13.25 
13.37 
13.44 
13.37 
13.34 
13.28 
13.31 
13.31 
13. 28 
13.28 
13.22 
13. 28 
13.25 
13.22 
13.22 


i3  P> 


P/3 


C3  >, 


13.19 
13.  19 
13.19 
13  19 
13.19 

(t) 
■ 

(t) 

13.22 
13.  28 
13.34 
13.41 
L3.34 
13.41 
13  37 
13.28 
13.31 
13.28 

13.28 

13.  2.". 


13.25 
i3.'25 


13.22 
13.12 

13.25 

13.  22 
13.25 
13.34 
L3.28 

13.  34 
13.44 
13.47 
13.41 
13.31 
13.44 
13.47 
13.44 
13.41 

13.34 

13.37 

13.34 
13.31 
13.31 

13.22 

13.22 
13. 10 
13.19 


It 


—    M 

If   s 


13.37 
13.34 
13.31 

13.  31 
13.31 

(t) 

it) 

(t) 
13.  28 

13.34 

13.37 
13.44 
13.37 
13.  44 
13.41 
13.31 
13.31 

13.28 
13.25 

13.  25 
13.25 
13.25 

13.  28 
13.22 


13.34 
13.28 
13.37 
13.  37 
1  :.  37 
13. 41 
13.47 
13.41 
13.47 
13.  59 
13.  62 
13.56 
13.47 
13.62 
13.66  ! 
13.  02 

13.50 
13.53  I 
13.50 
13.  50 
13.  47 
13.  41 
13.  47 
13.41 
13.37 
13.37 


13.  50 
13.50 
13. 47 
13.47 

13.44 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

13.41 
13.47 
13.  50 
13.59 
13.53 
13.56 
13.53 
13.41 
13.44 
13.41 
13.41 
13.41 
13.37 

13.37 

13.41 
13.34 


13.44 
13.44 

13.  50 
13.50 

13.53 
13.  59 
13.53 
13.  59 
13.72 
13.75 
13.09 
13.62 
13.75 
13.78 
13.75 
13.75 
13.  02 
13.66 
13.  62 
13.  02 
13.59 
13.53 
13.59 
13.53 
13.50 
13.53 


13.66 

13.66 

13.62 

13.59 

13.59 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

13.56 

13.62 

13.62 

13.  72 

13.66 

13.69 

13.69 

13.56 

13.  50 

13.56 

13.53 

13.53 

13.53 

13.53 

13.53 

13.53 

13.50 


502 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3|  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


"3  >■. 

£b 

P.>> 

P  !>> 

lb 

"8  >» 

H5   » 

7> 

<5  a 
I    > 

«3S 

m  © 

03 

°'i> 

"a  « 

MS 

r-    © 

& 

b£3 

rj    © 

%* 

£* 

5* 

^ 

<* 

£-* 

O"* 

1882. 

1882. 

May       1 

13.22 

13.31 

13.44 

13.56 

July      1 

13.75 

13.81 

13.56 

13.16 

2 

13.  22 

13.  31 

13.44 

13.56 

3 

13.75 

13.84 

13.59 

13.16 

3 

13.19 

13.31 

13.41 

13.53 

4 

13.  75 

13.81 

13.  56 

13.12 

4 

13.19 

13.28 

13.41 

13.50 

5 

13.  75 

13.81 

13.56 

13.16 

5 

13.16 

13.28 

13.37 

13.53 

6 

13.78 

13.81 

13.19 

6 

13.  22 

13.31 

13.44 

13.  T.6 

7 

13.  94 

13.97 

13.72 

13.31 

8 

13.  25 

13.34 

13.47 

13.  59 

8 

13.91 

13.94 

13.69 

13.28 

9 

13.25 

13.37 

13.  50 

13.62 

10 

14.00 

14.03 

13.75 

13.34 

10 

13.25 

13.37 

13.50 

13.59 

11 

13.94 

13.97 

13.69 

13.28 

11 

13.28 

13.37 

13.50 

13.62 

12 

13.87 

13.91 

13.66 

13.25 

12 

13.  22 

13.31 

13.44 

13.59 

13 

13.84 

13.  87 

13.25 

13 

13.  22 

13.31 

13.44 

13.56 

14 

13.78 

13.84 

13.56 

13.22 

15 

13.19 

13.  28 

13.41 

13.53 

15 

13.87 

13.  94 

13.66 

13.28 

16 

13.19 

13.22 

13.37 

13.50 

17 

13.87 

13.94 

13.66 

17 

13.16 

13.19 

13.31 

13.44 

18 

13.84 

13.  84 

13.59 

13.19 

18 

13. 16 

13.19 

13.  31 

13.44 

19 

13.84 

13.87 

13.62 

13.22 

19 

13. 12 

13.12 

13.28 

13.37 

20 

13.81 

13.84 

13.59 

13.22 

20 

13.16 

13. 19 

13.31 

13.44 

21 

13.81 

13.  84 

13.62 

13.25 

22 

13.09 

13.  09 

13.25 

13.34 

22 

13.87 

13.91 

13.66 

13.25 

23 

13.09 

13.09 

13.  25 

13.34 

24 

13.94 

13.97 

13.69 

13.31 

24 

13.09 

13. 12 

13.28 

13.37 

25 

14.00 

14.  00 

13.75 

13.34 

25 

13.22 

13.25 

13.37 

13.  50 

26 

14.06 

14.06 

13.78 

13.41 

26 

13. 19 

13.22 

13.34 

13.  47 

27 

14.09 

14.09 

13.78 

13.44 

27 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

28 

14.  06 

14.03 

13.72 

13.37 

29 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

29 

14.03 

14.06 

13.75 

13.37 

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13.66 

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13.34 

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13.47 

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13.44 

13.53 

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13.78 

13.41 

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13.  37 

13.41 

13.  50 

13.34 

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14.03 

13.78 

13.37 

10 

13.37 

13.  44 

13.53 

13.37 

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14.00 

13.84 

13.41 

12 

13.37 

13.44 

13.53 

13.41 

11 

14.06 

13.78 

13.34 

13.19 

13 

13.34 

13.37 

13.47 

13.34 

12 

14.03 

13.72 

13.25 

13.16 

14 

13.34 

13.37 

13.47 

13.34 

14 

14.09 

13.78 

13.31 

13.16 

15 

13.37 

13.  41 

13. 47 

13.37 

15 

14.12 

13.78 

13.31 

13.16 

16 

13.  44 

13.  47 

13.  56 

13.44 

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14. 22 

13.87 

13.37 

13.22 

17 

13.44 

13.47 

13.56 

13.44 

17 

14.31 

13.87 

13.37 

13.22 

19 

13.53 

13.56 

13.62 

13.47 

18 

14.28 

13.84 

13.31 

13.22 

20 

13.  53 

13.56 

13.62 

13.47 

19 

14.25 

13.  84 

13.16 

21 

13.  56 

13.56 

13.69 

13.47 

21 

14.  19 

13.78 

13.31 

22 

13.  66 

13.66 

13.72 

13.50 

22 

14.16 

13.  75 

13.  28 

13.09 

23 

13.  59 

13.56 

13.69 

13.44 

23 

14.19 

13.  81 

13.34 

13.16 

24 

13.63 

13.  53 

13. 59 

13.41 

24 

14.  25 

13.  94 

13.41 

13.19 

26 

13.53 

13.53 

13.59 

13.41 

25 

14.16 

13.81 

13.  34 

13.19 

27 

13.  69 
13.  62 
13.78 

13.  69 

13.69 

13.  HI 

13.78 
13.78 
13.87 

13.  50 
13.  50 
13.59 

26 

13.81 
13.34 
13.  78 

13.37 
13.37 
13.31 

13.22 

28 

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13.22 

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13.75 

13.72 

13.81 

13.53 

30 

14.16 

13.78 

13.31 

13.16 

31 

14.12 

13.76 

13.28 

13.12 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


503 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures''  in  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  189S. 

[I.iv  >rpoo]  prioea  reduced  to  American  money  al  rate  of  3j  "pointa"  (hundredths  of  a  rent)  to  ^  of 

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13.72 

13.25 

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11.94 

11.91 

11.94 

11.97 

2 

13.  69 

13.25 

13.09 

13.  06 

2 

1 1 .  87 

11.87 

11.87 

11.94 

4 

L3.62 

13.22 

13.06 

13.00 

3 

11.91 

11.91 

11.91 

11.94 

5 

13.22 

13.03 

13.  03 

4 

11.  K4 

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11.91 

6 

13.66 

13.25 

13.09 

13.00 

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11. 78 

11.78 

11.75 

11.81 

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13.  12 

13.09 

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11.87 

11.  91 

11.87 

11.97 

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13.34 

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11.84 

11.84 

11.87 

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13.  16 

13.12 

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11.78 

11.78 

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13.  78 

13.34 

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13.  lti 

10 

11. 87 

1 1 .  87 

11.91 

11.94 

12 

13.69 

13.  25 

L3.06 

13.  06 

11 

11.78 

11.  78 

11.81 

11.84 

13 

13.69 

13.25 

13.06 

13.06 

13 

11.84 

11.84 

11.84 

11.91 

11 

13.62 

13.22 

13.03 

13.03 

14 

11.91 

11.91 

11.94 

11.97 

15 

13.59 

13.  19 

13.03 

13.03 

15 

1 1 .  84 

11.81 

11.84 

11.91 

16 

L3.56 

13.  L9 

13.03 

13.  00 

10 

11.81 

11.81 

11.81 

11.87 

18 

13.53 

13.  10 

13.  00 

17 

11.87 

11. 87 

1 1 .  87 

11.91 

19 

13.  50 

13.16 

13.00 

12.97 

18 

11.91 

11.91 

11.94 

12.  00 

20 

13.17 

13. 12 

13.00 

12.07 

20 

12.00 

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12.03 

12.  06 

21 

13.50 

13.  19 

13.03 

13.00 

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11.87 

11.87 

11.87 

11.91 

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13.47 
13.  17 

13.53 

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11.84 

11.87 
11.91 

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11.81 

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13.  25 

12.91 

12.75 

12.75 

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11.75 

11.75 

11.75 

11.78 

29 

13.16 

12.  84 

12.72 

12. 12 

29 

11.62 

11.02 

11.62 

11.66 

30 

13.12 

12.75 

12.60 

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11.69 

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12.53 

12.47 

12.50 

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11.66 

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11.72 

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12.56 

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11.81 

11.78 

11.81 

11.87 

12 

12.69 

12  56 

12.53 

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11.78 

11.75 

11.78 

11. 81 

13 

1 3.  62 

12.  47 

12.  44 

12.47 

13 

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11.72 

11.72 

11.78 

14 

12.59 

12.44 

12.41 

12.44 

14 

11.72 

11.72 

11.72 

11.78 

10 

12.  47 

12.  31 

12.31 

12.31 

15 

11.06 

11.66 

11.06 

11.  72 

17 

12.47 

12.34 

12.31 

12.  31 

10 

11.09 

1 1 .  69 

11.72 

11.78 

18 

12.44 

12.28 

12.25 

12.25 

18 

11.06 

11.62 

1 1 .  02 

11.72 

19 

12.  50 

12.37 

12.37 

12.37 

19 

11.59 

11.59 

1 1 .  62 

11.  06 

20 

12.41 

12.25 

12.22 

12.25 

20 

11.59 

LI.  59 

11.62 

LI.  66 

21 

12.41 

12.25 

12.25 

12.25 

21 

11.53 

11.53 

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23 

12.41 

12.28 

12.28 

12.25 

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11.53 

11.50 

11.53 

11.59 

24 

12.31 

12.22 

12.22 

12  22 

23 

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12.25 

12.  12 

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12.19 

12.12 

12.00 

12.09 

26 

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12.09 

12.  06 

12.09 

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11.31 

11.37 

11.44 

28 

12.  22 

12.16 

12.16 

12.12 

28 

11.34 

11.34 

11.34 

11.  11 

30 

12.  44 

12.28 

12.  28 

12.31 

29 

11.34 

11.34 

11.37 

11.14 

31 

12.  34 

12.10 

12.  12 

12.10 

30 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

t  Holiday. 


504 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1S9S. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cei  t)  to  ^  of 

'  a  penny.] 


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11.22 
11.22 
11.34 
11.22 
11.19 
11.25 
11.31 
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11.28 
11.22 
11.25 
11.19 
11.22 
11.16 
11.09 
11.  06 
11.03 
11.22 
11.22 
11.31 
11.22 
11.25 
11.34 
11.28 
11.  28 
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11.25 

11.  25 
11.41 
11.22 
11.22 
11.25 
11.28 
11.37 
11.28 
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11.28 
11.22 
11.25 
11.19 
11.12 
11.09 
11.09 
11.22 
11.22 
11.31 
11.22 
11.28 
11.37 
11.28 
11.22 
11.25 

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11.28 
11.41 
11.31 
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11.37 
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11.28 
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11.34 

11.28 

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11.47 

11.50 

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11.44 

11.56 

11.47 

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11.44 

1883. 

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2 

3 

5 

6 

7 

8 

11.19 
11.09 
11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.09 

11.28 
11.19 
11.22 
11.25 
11.25 
11.19 
11.22 
11.28 
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11.34 
11.31 
11.34 
11.28 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
11.19 
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11.12 
11.12 
11.16 
11.12 
11.09 

11.37 
11.31 
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11.31 
11.34 
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11.34 
11.41 
11.44 
11.41 
11.44 
11.37 
11.37 
11.34 
11.31 
11.31 
11.28 

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11.25 
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11.22 
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11.50 
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20 

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Apr.       2 

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11.  09 

11.12 

11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.16 
11.  19 
11.22 
11.34 
11.28 
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11.  16 
11.22 

11.19 
11.22 
11.19 
11.16 
11.22 
11.  19 
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11.34 
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11.47 
11.50 
11.  62 
11.56 

16 

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11.31 

11.28 
11  31 
11.  28 

11.47 
11.53 
11.53 
11.50 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

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11.22 

11.25 
11.25 
11.31 

11.31 

11.53 

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26 

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1 1 .  22 
11.19 

11.12 

11.53 
11.  53 
11.56 
11.62 
11.66 

30 

11.41 

11.59 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES.7 


505 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  al  rate  of  BJ  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  5',-  «f 

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11.69 

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11.  19 

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10.97 

11.09 

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11.06 

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1 1 ,  72 

11.84 

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7 

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1 1 .  06 

11.06 

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LI.  59 

LI.  69 

LI.  81 

11.87 

9 

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10.  94 

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11.16 

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11.28 

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11.16 

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1  lloliday 


506 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton   "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1SD3. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


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11.84 

11.84 

11.84 

11.87 

3 

11.22 

11.  25 

11.19 

11.22 

2 

11.78 

11.84 

11.81 

11.94 

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11.25 

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11.91 

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11.  69 

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11.66 

11.66 

11.66 

11.72 

11.28 

11.28 

11.22 

11. 28 

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11.69 

11.  66 

11.66 

11.75 

8 

11.34 

11.34 

11.34 

11.37 

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11.66 

11.66 

11.66 

11.72 

10 

11.41 

11.37 

11.37 

11.37 

9 

11.75 

11.75 

11.75 

11.81 

11 

11.44 

11.41 

11.41 

11.41 

10 

11.66 

11.66 

11.69 

11.72 

12 

11.50 

11.47 

11.44 

11.47 

12 

11.  62 

11.62 

11.62 

11.69 

13 

11.59 

11.56 

11.53 

11.59 

13 

11.  59 

11.59 

11.62 

11.69 

14 

11.56 

11.53 

11.53 

11.56 

14 

11.62 

11.62 

11.66 

11.72 

15 

11.66 

11.62 

11.62 

11.66 

15 

11.75 

11.75 

11.75 

11.84 

17 

11.69 

11.69 

11.69 

11.69 

16 

11.81 

11.84 

11.81 

11.87 

18 

11.62 

11.59 

11.56 

11.62 

17 

11.81 

11.81 

11.81 

11.87 

19 

11.56 

11.53 

11.50 

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11.78 

11.81 

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11.87 

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11.53 

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11.94 

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11.06 

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11.81 

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11.97 

27 

11.56 

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11.94 

11.94 

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11.53 

11.53 

11.56 

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31.91 

11.91 

11.94 

12.00 

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11.  53 

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11.62 

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11.78 

11.72 

11.72 

11.81 

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11.56 

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11.69 

11.81 

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11.69 

11.66 

11.66 

11.72 

18 

11.53 

11.  59 

11.66 

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11.75 

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11.72 

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11.44 

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11.84 

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11.87 

11.75 

11.75 

11.75 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


507 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures''  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 

[Ijverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3$  "points"  (hundredths  of  acent)  to  £t  of 

a  penny.  ] 


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11.66 

11.87 

12.00 

12.12 

2 

11.84 

11.97 

12.  09 

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11.84 

11.97 

12.09 

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11.94 

12.  06 

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11.81 

11.97 

12.09 

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12.19 

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11.72 

11.84 

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12.  09 

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11.94 

12.  06 

12.  16 

6 

11.72 

11.84 

11.97 

12.09 

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11.84 

11.94 

12.  06 

12.  it; 

7 

11.69 

11.78 

11.94 

12.06 

8 

11.87 

11.94 

12.06 

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11.91 

12.06 

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12.19 

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12 

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11.72 

12.09 

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12.00 

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12.22 

14 

11.78 

11.87 

12.06 

12.16 

15 

11.91 

11.94 

12.06 

12.  16 

15 

11.81 

11.91 

12.  06 

12. 19 

16 

11.78 

11.84 

11.97 

12.09 

17 

11.91 

12.00 

12. 12 

12.28 

17 

11.81 

11.87 

12.00 

12.12 

18 

11.91 

12.00 

12.  ie 

12.28 

18 

11.81 

11.84 

11.97 

12.09 

19 

11.91 

11.94 

12.09 

12.  22 

19 

11.78 

11.84 

11.97 

12.  06 

20 

11.94 

12.  03 

12.12 

12.  25 

21 

11.72 

11.81 

11.91 

12.  03 

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12.03 

12.06 

12.22 

12.34 

22 

11.72 

11.78 

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12.  03 

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12.03 

12.  00 

12.  19 

12.  31 

23 

11.75 

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12. 03 

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12.06 

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12.37 

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11.78 

11.84 

11.97 

12.06 

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12.06 

12.  06 

12.  25 

12.  37 

25 

11.81 

11.91 

12.03 

12.12 

26 

11.97 

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12.28 

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11.84 
11.91 

12.00 

12.03 

12.09 
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27 

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12.00 
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12.06 

12.16 
12.28 

12.  31 

28 

11.91 

12.37 

29 

11.84 
11.81 
11.78 

11.84 
11.84 
11.78 

11.94 
11.97 
11.91 

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12.  09 
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12.  47 

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11.91 

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12.19 

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12.56 

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11.62 

11.78 

11.91 

12.03 

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12.31 

12.37 

12.  53 

12.62 

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11.56 

11.69 

11.84 

11.97 

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12.  .-{7 

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12.  56 

12.69 

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11.53 

11.66 

11.81 

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12.72 

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11.66 

11.78 

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11.50 

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12.72 

19 

11.53 

11.62 

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11.94 

18 

12.47 

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12.62 

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20 

11.50 

11.66 

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11.91 

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12.41 

12.44 

12.56 

12.72 

21 

11.62 

11.72 

11.87 

12.00 

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12.31 

12.37 

12.  53 

12.66 

22 

11.69 

11.78 

11.94 

12.06 

22 

12.44 

12.47 

12.  59 

12.75 

23 

11.75 

11.78 

11.97 

12.  09 

23 

12.  37 

12.41 

12.56 

12.  69 

25 

11.72 

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11.91 

12.03 

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12.  41 

12.53 

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26 

11.69 
11.72 

U.  87 
11.87 

12.00 

12.03 

25 

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12.31 
12.34 

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12.37 

12.50 

12.50 

12.66 

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1 1 .  72 

12.66 

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11.75 

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11.91 

12.0(1 

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12.34 

12.47 

12.62 

29 

11.  72 

11.69 

12.  00 

29 

12.28 

12.  28 

12.41 

12.56 

30 

12.25 

12.25 

12.37 

12.50 

t  Holiday. 


508 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  18S0  to  18.93. 

[Liveipool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  B'?  of 

a  penny  ] 


1884. 
May  1. 
2. 
3  . 
5  . 
6. 

8'. 

9  . 
10. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16  . 
17. 
19. 
20. 
21  . 
22. 
23. 
24  . 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


June      2 


3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

It 

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17 

18 

l'.i 

20 

21 

23 
2i 
25 
26 

27 

28 
30 


12.28 
12.25 
12.31 
12.34 
12.31 
12.31 
12.41 
12.44 
12.47 
12.511 
12.47 
12.44 
12.44 
12.47 
12.56 
12.62 
12.56 
12.56 
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12.75 
12.72 
12.  72 
12.72 
12.  69 
12.69 
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12.66 
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12. 81 
12.81 
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12.75 
12.69 
12.59 
12.  69 
12.62 
12.56 
12.59 
12.50 
12.  56 

12.47 
12.34 
12.  44 


12.44 
12.41 
12.47 
12.47 
12.44 
12.44 
12.  50 
12.50 
12.  53 
12.59 
12.  56 
12. 53 
12.53 
12.  56 
12.  66 
12.69 
12.  62 
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12.69 
12.78 
12.72 
12.72 
12. 72 
12.  69 
12.69 
12.69 
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12.78 
12.81 
12.91 
12. 91 
12.  97 
12.91 
12.81 
12.84 
12.  81 
12.  78 
12.78 
12.  72 
12. 62 
12.72 
12.66 
12.56 
12.59 
12.  50 
12.56 
12.53 
12.47 
12.34 
12.44 


>Z2 

-z  - 


12.59 
12.56 
12.59 
12.62 
12.56 
12.56 
12.66 
12.66 
12.66 
12.75 
12.69 
12.69 
12.69 
12.72 
12.78 
12.84 
12.78 
12.78 
12.84 
12.91 
12.84 
12.87 
12.84 
12.81 
12.84 
12.84 
(t) 


< 


(t) 

(t) 
12.91 
12.94 
13.  03 
13.03 
13.09 
13.03 
12.94 
12.  97 
12.94 
12.87 
12. 87 
12.81 
12.  71 
12.81 
12.72 
12.66 
12.66 
12. 56 
12.66 
12.62 
12.53 
12.  41 
12.  53 


EC  S 

3  rd 


12.72 
12.69 
12.  72 

12.  72 
12^69 
12.72 
12.78 
12.78 
12.81 
12.87 
12.84 
12.81 
12.81 
12.84 
12.91 
12.94 
12.87 
12.87 
12.97 
13.03 
12.97 
13.00 
12.97 
12.94 
12.  94 
12.94 
(t) 


(t) 
(t) 

12.87 
12.  91 
12.  97 

12.  97 

13.  03 
12.  94 
12.87 
12.87 
12.  84 
12.81 
12.81 
12.  75 
12.66 
12.  72 
12.  66 
12.  62 

12.62 
12.  53 
12. 59 
12.53 
12. 47 
12.  34 
12.47 


1884 
July      1  . 

2  . 

3  . 
4. 
5  . 
7. 

8  . 

9  . 
10. 

11  . 

12  . 
14  . 
15. 
16  . 
17. 
18. 
19. 

21  . 

22  . 

23  . 
24. 
25  . 
26. 
28  . 
29. 
30. 
31. 


Aug.  1 
2 
4 
5 
6 

8 
9 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


<t)  © 


fctC 


12.47 

(t) 

(t) 
12.37 
12.28 
12.  25 
12. 19 
12.  16 
12.19 
12.22 
12.31 
12.  22 
12.22 
12.19 
12.12 
12.12 
12.  03 
12.06 
11.97 
11.94 
12.03 
12.011 
12.09 
12  16 
12.34 
12. 41 


P^ 


12.56 
12.66 
12.59 
12.59 
12.59 
12.50 
12.44 
12.41 
12.41 
12.53 
12.44 
12.50 
12.47 
12.53 
12.53 
12.  50 
12.  50 
12.53 
12.44 
12.50 
12.  47 
12.50 
12.53 
12.  53 
12.  50 
12.50 
12.  47 


12.47 

(t) 

(t) 
12.37 
12.28 
12.  25 
12. 19 
12.10 
1 2.  22 
12!  25 

12.34 
12.22 
12.25 
12. 19 
12.16 
12.16 
12.03 
12.00 
11.97 
11.97 
12.06 
12.03 
12.09 
12.16 
12.28 
12. 31 


12.50 
12.56 
12.50 
12.53 
12.  53 
12. 44 
12.37 
12.31 
12.37 
12.50 
12. 41 
12.47 
12.44 
12.50 
12.50 
12.44 
12.47 
12.50 
12.44 
12. 47 
12.47 
12.47 
12.53 
12.53 
12.  50 
12.50 
12.  47 


fc  9 


12.16 

(t) 

(t) 
12.06 
11.97 
11.97 
11.87 
11.91 
12.  00 
12.00 
12.  06 
11.97 
12.03 
11.97 
11.97 
11.94 
11.84 
11.91 
11.84 
11.81 
11.91 
11.87 

11.  94 
12.00 

12.  09 
12.09 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  " FUTURES 


509 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3§  "points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  fc  of 

a  penny.] 


J* 


*1 


12.12 
12.03 

12.06 
12.00 
11.97 
12.00 

11.84 
11.87 

11.  si 
11.  75 
11.  T8 
ll.Tl' 
11.59 
11.53 
11.56 
11.47 
11.47 
11.50 
11.56 
11.47 
11.47 
11.34 

11.34 

11.19 
11. 28 


-  - 
A~ 


11.22 
11.22 
11.31 
11.31 
11  28 
11.22 
1 1 .  25 
11.  22 
11.28 
11.19 
11. 12 
11.06 
11.09 
10.87 
10.97 
11.03 
10.  94 
10.87 
10.81 
10.78 
10.75 
10.78 
L0  -i 
10.75 
10.84 
10.91 
10. 91 


12.00 
11.91 
11.91 
11.94 
1 1 .  87 
11.87 
11.87 
11.81 
11.78 
11.72 
11.  GO 
11.69 
11.62 
11.50 
11.47 
11.50 
11.44 
11.41 
11.44 
11.50 
11.41 

11.41 
11.34 

11.  34 
11.16 
11.25 


I* 

1-3   © 


11.25 
11.22 
11.31 
11.34 
11.31 
11.22 
11.25 
11.22 
11.28 
11.22 
11.  12 
11.06 
11.06 
10.97 
11.03 
11.12 
11.00 
10.94 
10.91 
10.84 
10.84 
10  87 
10.87 
10.87 
10.94 
11.00 
11.00 


-    : 


11.97 
11.87 
11.91 
11.91 
11.87 
11.87 
11.87 
11.81 
11.78 
11.72 
11.62 
11.66 
11.62 
11.50 
11.47 
11.50 
11.44 
11.41 
11.44 
11.56 
11.41 
11.41 
11.34 
11.34 
11.16 
11.28 


Dec. 


11.31 
11.28 
11.37 
11.41 
11.37 
11.31 
11. 31 
11.28 
11.34 
11.28 
11.22 
11.12 
11.16 
11.06 
11.  12 
11.19 
11.06 
11.03 
11.00 
10.94 
10.94 
10.H7 
11.00 
10.97 
11.06 
11.12 
11.09 


t  Holiday. 


Nov, 


18S4. 
1. 
3. 
4  . 
5. 
6. 
7. 


1 

•j 

3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
16 
17 
is 
19 
20 

L".' 

23 

•J! 

25 
26 

29 
30 

31 


53 

A~ 


11.03 
10.87 

10.  ST 
10.84 

10.97 

11.03 

11.  12 
11.19 
11.19 
11.  14 
11.22 
1 1 .  28 
11.31 
11.  11 
LI.  53 

11.44 

II  53 
11.47 
11.41 
11.53 

11   53 

11.44 
11.47 


If. 


Oh 

a  s 


11.44 
11.53 
11.50 
11.62 
11.66 
11.56 
11.81 
11.81 
1 1 .  72 
11. 72 
11.66 
11.62 
11.  56 
11.66 
11.69 
11.66 
11.66 
1  1 .  7.". 
11.81 
LI.  91 
1 1 .  94 

(t) 

(t) 

11. 84 
11. 87 

11.91 


11.12 
11.00 
10.97 
10.97 

10.  97 
11.06 
11.12 
11.16 

11.  25 
11.25 
11.41 
11.23 
11.31 
11.37 

11.44 
11.53 
11.47 
11.56 
11.47 
11.41 
11.53 
11.53 
11.44 
11.47 
11.41 


•Si*, 
ft  3 


>-:- 


11.50 
11.59 
11  59 
11.69 
11.72 
1 1 .  62 
11.84 
11.  84 
11.78 
11.75 
11.72 
11.66 
11.59 
11.72 
11.75 
11.72 
11.72 
11.81 
11.87 
11.94 
11.94 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
11.84 
11.87 
11.91 


11.22 
11.09 
11.09 

11.06 
11.  09 
11.19 
1 1 .  22 
11.  I'- 
ll. 34 
11.34 
11.50 
11.41 
11.44 
11.47 
11.56 
11.  G2 
11.56 
11.66 
11.56 
11.50 
11.62 
11.62 
11.53 
11.56 
11.50 


^~ 


11.  6?, 
11.69 
11.69 
11.81 
11.84 
11.72 
11.97 
11.97 
11.91 
11.87 
11.81 
11.78 
11.72 
11.84 
LI.  87 
11.84 
11.84 
11.94 

L2  03 
L2.  06 
12.06 

(t) 

(i) 

(t) 
11.97 
12.00 
12. 03 


~  — 

fe.'o 


11.34 
1 1 .  22 
11.22 
11.19 
11.22 
11.28 
11.31 
11.37 
11.44 
11.47 
11.63 
11.50 
11.53 
11.59 
11.66 
11.75 
11.69 
ii.:r. 

11.66 
11.59 
11.72 

11.72 
11.62 
11.66 
11.56 


£-= 


11.72 
11.78 
11.78 
11.91 
11.91 
11.84 
12.06 
12.  06 
12.00 
11.97 
11.91 
11.87 

11.  84 
11.97 

12.  00 

1 1 .  97 
11.97 
12.06 
12.16 
12.19 

12.  19 
(t) 

(t) 

12.  09 
12.  12 

12.10 


510 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futwes"  in  Liverpool,  1SS9  to  1S93. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent,  to  £i  ot 

a  penny.] 


■*  >> 

su 

"3  >> 

£s 

S3  3 

<i  3 

S3  3 

<13 

s?s 

■?! 

1-5  3 

i  > 

i  > 

'.  > 

•-5    - 

%  "3 

S3 

<•* 

(-3 
S3^ 

■^-a 

ci"3 

S3 

I?* 

1885. 

1885. 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

Mch.      2 

12.09 

12.22 

12.34 

12.47 

11.94 

12.03 

12.  ie 

12.  28 

3 

12.  03 

12.16 

12.28 

12.  41 

3 

11.97 

12.09 

12.  22 

4 

12.  03 

12.  16 

12.31 

12.41 

5 

11.91 

12.03 

12. 16 

12.28 

5 :. 

12.06 

12.19 

12.31 

12.44 

6 

11.91 

12.  U3 

12. 16 

12.28 

6 

12.12 

12.25 

12.37 

12.50 

7 

11.87 

12.  00 

12. 09 

12.22 

7 

12.09 

12.22 

12.34 

12.44 

8 

11.84 

11.94 

12.06 

12. 19 

9 

12.09 

12.22 

12.34 

12.47 

9 

11.87 

11.97 

12.09 

12.  22 

10 

12.03 

12.16 

12.28 

12.41 

10 

11.84 

11.91 

12.03 

12.16 

11 

11.97 

12.09 

12.22 

12.34 

12 

11.87 

11.94 

12.06 

12.19 

12 , 

11.81 

11.94 

12.  06 

12.19 

13 

11.75 

11.84 

11.97 

12.09 

13 

11.87 

11.97 

12.12 

12.25 

14 

11  75 

11.81 

11.94 

12.06 

14 

11.97 

12.06 

12.22 

12.34 

15 

11.84 

11.94 

12.06 

12.16 

16 

12.  00 

12.09 

12.  22 

12.34 

16 

11.75 

11.87 

12.00 

12.12 

17 

12.  00 

12.09 

12.  22 

12.34 

17 

11. 72 

11.81 

11.94 

12.  06 

18    

11  94 

12.  00 

12.16 

12.28 

19 

11.75 

11.84 

11.97 

12. 09 

19 

12.06 

12.12 

12.28 

12. 37 

20 

11.72 

11.81 

11.94 

12.  06 

20 

12.03 

12.12 

12.25 

12.37 

21 

11.69 

11.75 

11.87 

12.00 

21 

12.03 

12.09 

12.22 

12.34 

22 

11.81 

11.87 

12.00 

12. 12 

23 

12.03 

12.09 

12.25 

12.37 

23 

11.94 

±1.97 

12.12 

12.22 

24 

12.00 

12.  03 

12.19 

12.31 

24 

11.97 

12.00 

12.12 

12.25 

25 

11.91 

11.94 

12.09 

12. 22 

26 

12.  06 

12.09 

12.  22 

12.34 

26 

11.94 

11.94 

12.09 

12.22 

27 

11.97 

12.00 

12.12 

12. 25 

27 

11.91 

11.94 

12.06 

12.19 

28 

11.94 

11.97 

12.09 

12.22 

28 

11.91 

11.91 

12.06 

12.19 

29 

12.03 

12.03 

12.16 

12.28 

30 

11.87 

11.87 

12.03 

12. 16 

30 

11.94 

11.94 

12.06 

12.22 

31 

11.97 

11.97 

12.12 

12.25 

31 

11.91 

11.91 

12.03 

12. 16 

• 

>>  . 

<D     . 

>>  . 

9 

t»a 

ti  . 

ft>> 

C3  >, 

S   >> 

&  ^ 

a  r*> 

a  >> 

a  t» 

&  9 

<\  3 
i  > 

S3  3 
i  > 

1> 

S3s 
I  > 

*"?  ? 

Tt 

'-  — 

-  3 

W 

t-1  23 

i2  <o 

"2  * 

cS  © 

"3  » 

&* 

S^ 

<* 

a13 

Apr.      1 

-sj-O 

S3 -a 

£* 

i?* 

Feb.       2 

11.91 

12.03 

12.16 

12.28 

11.94 

12.12 

12.25 

12.34 

3 

11.87 

12.00 

12.12 

12.  25 

12.06 

12.22 

12.  34 

12.44 

4 

11.97 

12.09 

12. 22 

12.34 

3 

(f) 

(t) 

(i) 

(t) 

5 

11.94 

12.06 

12.19 

12.31 

4 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

6 

11.  97 

12.  06 

12.19 

12.31 

6 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

7 

11.94 

12.03 

12.16 

12.  25 

7 

12.  06 

12.19 

12.  31 

12.  44 

9 

i2roo 

12.06 

12.19 

12.  31 

8 

12.00 

12. 12 

12.  25 

12.37 

10 

11.91 

12.  00 

12.12 

12.25 

9 

11.78 

11.87 

12.00 

12.12 

11 

11.94 

12. 03 

12.16 

12.  25 

10 

11.87 

LI. 97 

12.  09 

12.22 

12 

11.87 

11.97 

12.09 

12.22 

11 

11.81 

11.94 

12.06 

12. 19 

13 

11.94 

12.00 

12.12 

12.  25 

13 

11.66 

11.78 

11.91 

12.03 

14 

11.94 

12.03 

12.16 

12.28 

14 

11.62 

11.  75 

11.91 

12.  03 

16 

11.91 

12.00 

12. 12 

12.25 

15 

11.69 

11.78 

11.1U 

12.06 

17 

11.87 

11.97 

12.09 

12.22 

16 

11.78 

11.87 

12.03 

12. 16 

18 

11.94 

12.03 

12.  16 

12.28 

17 

11.91 

11.94 

12.09 

12.22 

19 

11.  97 

12.06 

12.  lit 

12.  31 

18 

11.91 

11.94 

12.06 

12.19 

20 

12.03 

12.  09 

12.  22 

12.34 

20 

11.81 

11.84 

11.97 

12. 09 

21 

12.06 

12.09 

12.  22 

12.  34 

21 

11.75 

11.78 

11.91 

12.03 

23 

12.12 

12.16 

12.28 

12.  37 

22 

11.62 

11.69 

11. si 

11.94 

24 

12.  Hi 

12.19 

12.34 

12.44 

23 

LI.  69 

11.73 

11  87 

12.00 

25 

L2.  L9 

12. 19 

12.31 

12.44 

24 

11.62 

11.66 

11.81 

11.94 

26 

12.19 

12.19 

12.31 

12.  41 

25 

11.62 

11.62 

11.78 

11.91 

27 

12.12 

12.12 

12.28 

12.37 

27 

LI.  56 

11.59 

11.75 

11.87 

28 

12.12 

12.12 

12.25 

12.37 

28 

11.44 

11.47 

11.62 

11.75 

29 

LI.  34 

11.34 

11.50 

11.62 

30 

11.34 

11.34 

11.50 

11.62 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 
Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 


511 


[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  a\  of 

;i  pinny.]    " 


1885 

1  . 

2  . 
4  . 
5. 
6. 

7  . 

8  . 

9  . 
11  . 
L2. 
13. 
14  . 
15. 
16. 
18. 
lit  . 
20. 

21  . 

22  . 

23  . 
25. 
26  . 
27. 
28. 
29  . 
30. 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
G 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
IS 
16 
17 

18 
L9 
20 

22 

2:'. 

24 

25 
26 

27 
29 
30 


11.47 
11.50 
11.69 
11.78 
11.72 
1 1 .  7:. 
11.  72 
11.66 
11.69 
11.69 
11.72 
11.-1 
11.  .5 
LI.  75 
11.75 
11.78 
11.78 
11.81 
11.84 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
11.78 
11.78 
11.75 
11.84 


11.84 
11.84 
11.81 
11.75 
11.75 
11.72 
11.  62 
11.47 
11.56 
11.50 
11.41 
11.47 
11.47 
11.41 
11.28 
11.34 
11.22 
II   28 

11.  19 
11.22 
11.19 
1  ! .  2.') 
11.31 
11.34 
11.  2.". 
11.25 


—   - 


11.62 

11.72 
11.84 
11.91 
11.  si 
11.87 
11.84 
11.7.'. 
U.  78 
11.7' 
11.81 
11.87 
11.78 
11.81 
11.81 
11.81 

11.84 

11.  si 
11.87 

(t) 

it) 

(t) 
11.78 
11.78 
11.75 
11.84 


«13 


•<)  © 


12.00 
11.97 
11.94 
11.84 
11.84 
11.81 
11.75 
11.59 
11.  60 
11.59 
11.50 
11.56 
11.  5:1 
11.47 
11.34 
11.  11 
11.28 
11.34 
11.  25 
11.25 
11.22 
1  1 .  2.". 
11.34 
11.87 
11.25 
11.25 


11.75 
LI.  84 

11.!I4 
12.03 
1 1 .  '.17 
12.00 
12.00 
LI.  91 
11.91 
11.94 

12.03 
11.94 

1 1 .  ;i7 
11.94 
11.97 

12.  00 
12.  00 
12.00 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
11.94 
11.94 
11.91 
12.00 


U2: 

-  ~ 


12.09 

12.09 

12.  or, 

11.97 
11.97 
11.94 
11.84 
11.  72 
11.78 
11.72 
11.62 
11.69 
11.66 
11.59 
11.47 
11.53 
11.41 
11.47 
11.37 
11.37 
11.34 
11.41 
11.47 
11.50 
11.41 
11.37 


11.87 
12. 00 
12.  06 
12.  10 
12.09 
12.  12 
12.  12 
12.  on 
12.  03 
12.  06 
12.  09 
12.12 
12.06 
12.09 
12.  06 
12.  09 
12. 12 
12.09 
12. 12 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 

12.03 
12.03 
12.03 
12.12 


GO 


12.00 
12.  00 
11.97 
11.87 
LI.  87 
11.84 
11.75 
11.59 
11.66 
11.59 
11.  50 
11.56 
11.56 
11.47 
11.37 
11.44 
11.34 
11.41 
11.31 
11.34 
11.34 
11.37 
11.47 
11.47 
11.37 
11.37 


I  Holiday. 


July 


1885. 


Aus 


1 

■_> 

3 

4 
6 

8 
9 

10 
11 

13 

14 
15 

10 
17 

18 
20 
21 
22 
23 
21 
25 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


l 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
10 

11 

12 

L3 

u 

15 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
21 
2:. 

26 

28 
29 

31 


11.  25 
1  1 .  22 
1 1 .  3 1 
11.34 
11.31 
11.31 
LI.  31 

11.25 
11.  10 
11.09 
11.09 
10.97 
11.06 
10.94 
10.91 
10.91 
10.81 
10.  87 
11.06 
11.16 
10.97 
10.  97 
lo.  .-7 
10.97 
10.97 
10.91 
10.94 


tJt2= 


(t) 
(0 

10.  84 

10.91 
10.97 
11.09 
11.06 

11.  19 
11.16 
11. 12 
11.12 
10.97 
10.  94 
10.84 
10.  s; 
10.84 
10.  72 
10.75 
10.87 
10.78 
10.87 
10.91 
10.97 
10.  94 
10.  97 
10.84 


11.41 
11.37 

11.47 
11.47 
11.44 
11.41 
11.44 
11.37 
11.25 
11.16 
11.16 
11.09 
11.  19 
11.03 
10.97 
10.94 
10.81 
10.91 
11.09 
11.16 
10.97 
10.97 
10.87 
10.97 
10.  97 
10.94 
10.94 


(t) 

(t) 

10.87 
10.94 
10.97 
11.09 
11.00 
11.06 
1 1 .  0:1 
11.03 
11.03 
10.91 
10.87 
10.78 
10.78 
10.78 
10.62 
10.  66 
10.81 

10.72 
10.78 
10.78 
10.84 
10.81 
10.  84 
10.75 


11.44 
11.37 
11.44 
11.44 
11.41 
11.37 
11.41 
11.34 
11.25 
11.16 
11.16 
11.09 
11.19 
11.06 
11.00 
10.97 
10.84 
10.94 
11. 12 
11.19 
11.00 
11.00 
10.91 
11.03 
11.03 
11.00 
10.97 


*  " 


0) 

(t) 
10.78 
10.81 
10.84 
10.94 
10.81 
10.87 
10.87 
10.87 
10.87 
1U.  78 
10.  75 
10.66 
10.66 
10.66 
10.53 
10.59 
10.69 
10.62 
10.69 
10.69 
10.75 
10.72 
10.75 
10.72 


"A  p 


11.22 
11.19 
11.25 
11.22 
11.  22 
11.19 
11.19 
11.16 
11.09 
11.00 
11.03 
10.97 
11.03 
10.91 
10.87 
10.84 
10.75 
10.81 
11.00 
11.00 
10.84 
10.81 
10.78 
10.87 
10.87 
10.84 
10.84 


o  0 


(t) 

(t) 

10.75 

10.78 

10.81 

10.91 

10.78 

10.84 

10.84 

10.84 

10.84 

10.75 

10.  72 

10.62 

10.  62 

10.62 

10.50 

10.  56 

10.69 

10.59 

10.  66 

lo.oo 

10.  72 

10.69 

10.72 

10.72 


512  DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES." 

Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures  "  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at'rate  of  3J  "points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


1SS5 
1  . 
2. 
3. 

4  . 

5  . 
7. 
8 
9. 

10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 


1  . 

2. 

3. 

5. 

6  . 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
12. 
13. 
14  . 
15. 
16. 
17  . 
19. 
20. 
21  . 

23  ' 

'J!  . 

26 

•J  7 
28 
29 
30  . 
31 


10.69 
10.  59 
10.56 
10.59 
10. 62 
10.59 
10.53 
10.  53 
10.59 
10.59 
10. 59 
10.56 
10.  50 
10.56 
10.59 
10.66 
10.62 
10.  66 
10.69 
10.  66 
10.66 
10.  66 
10.66 
10.  72 
10.75 
10.81 


t>3 

I"8 


0>   >. 

~2 


ft* 


10.72 
10.  69 
10.75 
10.84 
10.75 
10.66 
10.66 
10.72 
10.75 
10.  69 
10.66 
10.  62 
10.  62 
10.62 
L0.69 
10.62 
10.56 
10.53 
10.56 
10.50 
10. 50 
L0.  li 
10  34 
10.34 
10.31 
10.25 

10.22 


10.62 
10.59 
10.53 
10.56 
10.59 
10.56 
10.  50 
10.53 
10.56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.53 
10.56 
10.56 
10.62 
10.59 
10.66 
10.  66 
10.66 
10.  66 
10.66 
10.  62 
10.72 
10.72 
10.75 


OS 

-  - 

OS 


10.75 
10.69 
10. 78 
10.84 
10.78 
10.66 
10.69 
10.75 
10.  75 
10.69 
10.66 
10.  62 
10.62 
10.66 
10.60 
10.  62 
10.59 
10.50 
L0.56 
10.  50 
L0.53 
10.47 
10.34 
L0.37 
10.31 
10.25 
10.25 


a  s 


10.62 
10.59 
10.  53 
10.56 
10.59 
10.56 
10.53 
10.  53 
10.  56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.56 
10.  56 
10. 56 
10.  59 
10.  62 
10.  62 
10.66 
10.69 
10.66 
10.66 
10.66 
10.66 
10.72 
10.75 
10.75 


-2^ 


10.81 
10.75 
10.84 
10.91 
10.84 
10.72 
10.75 
10.81 
10.81 
10.75 
10.72 
10.69 
10.66 
10.  69 
10.  7.". 
lo.  Co 
10.  62 
10.62 
10.62 
10.56 
10.56 
10.50 
10.41 
10.  41 
10.37 
10.31 
10.31 


Nov. 


1885. 

2  . 

3  . 

4  . 

5  . 
6. 
7  . 
9. 

10. 
11  . 
12. 
13. 
14. 
16. 
17. 
18  . 
19. 

20  . 

21  . 

23  . 

24  . 
26. 
26. 
27  . 
28. 
30. 


Dec. 


4!   >-> 

PS 

o  D 
ft-* 


10.22 
10.  25 
10.25 
10.19 
10.  16 
10.09 
10.  09 
10.16 
10.06 
10. 12 
10.  22 
10.16 
10.28 
10.22 
10. 22 
10.  22 
10.  25 
10.28 
10.31 
10.34 
(+) 
10.34 
10.31 
10.31 
10.31 


-  .- 


3  t. 


10.16 

10.19 

10.12 

10.19 

10.  12 

10.12 

10. 12 

10.06 

10.  09 

10.03 

10.03 

10.  00 

0.94 

10.00 

Hi  00 

9.  07 

0.07 

lo.oo 

9.  01 

9.9] 

9.  87 

(t) 

(f) 

0.81 

9.78 

9.84 

9.  84 


10.22 
10.  25 
10.25 
10.19 
10.16 
10.09 
10.09 
10.19 
10.06 
10.12 
10.  22 
10.16 
10.28 
10.22 
10.22 
10.  22 
10.25 
10.28 
10.  28 
10.31 
(t) 
10.31 
10.31 
10.28 
10.22 


i   - 


10.28 
10.34 
10.34 
10.28 
10.  22 
10.19 
10.19 
10.  25 
10.16 
10.  22 
10.31 
10.  22 
10.34 
10.  28 
10.25 
10.25 
10.  28 
10.31 
10.31 
10.  34 
(t) 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.31 
10.  25 


10.19 

10. 22 

10.16 

10.22 

10.16 

10. 12 

10.12 

10.  06 

10.09 

10.03 

10.03 

10.03 

9.94 

10.  00 

10.00 

9.97 

9.97 

10.00 

9.94 

9.91 

9.  87 

(1) 

(t) 

9.81 

9.78 

9.84 

9.84 


10.25 
10.28 
10.25 
10.28 
10.22 
10.  19 
10.19 
10. 12 
10.  19 
10.  09 
10.12 
10.09 
10.  00 
10.  06 
10.06 
10.03 
10.03 
in.  mi 
10.00 
9.  07 
9.  04 

(t) 
(t) 

9.  87 
9.84 
9.91 

9.91 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


513 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "future*"  in  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S9S. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  }f  of 

a  penny.] 


C    . 

C   . 

>>  . 

£ 

>.  . 

6 

b,   - 

- 

- 

•  - 

—  >. 
<  - 
i.  y 

--• 

- 

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-  - 

~-^z 

■-  — 

■~  — 

>r>~ 

—  — 

f-  - 

<~ 

^~ 

«J* 

s  - 

X° 

1886. 

1886. 

Jan.       1 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

9.28 

9.34 

9.44 

9.50 

2 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

2 

It.  11 

9.47 

it.  56 

9.66 

4 

9.  97 

lo.  03 

10.12 

3 

it.  .v. 

It.  (ill 

9.75 

9.81 

9.94 

10.00 

10.09 

4 

it.  1:2 

9.72 

9.78 

9.87 

6 

9.  B 1 

9.84 

9.94 

10.03 

5 

- 

9.91 

10.00 

7 

9.  8  1 

9.84 

9.94 

lu.  (Ill 

>; 

9.  72 

9.78 

9.84 

9.84 

9. 87 

9.94 

8 

9. 11 1 

10.00 

10.06 

10.16 

9 

9.97 

in  03 

10.  12 

it 

It.  75 

11  84 

9.  91 

11 

9.97 

10.00 

10.  03 

10.12 

10 

It.  69 

1).  7;. 

9.84 

9.94 

12 

10.00 

in.  no 

10.06 

10.  12 

n 

9.69 

It.  7:. 

9.81 

9.91 

13 

9.94 

9.  97 

10.03 

10.09 

12 

9.66 

9.75 

9.81 

14 

9.97 

10.03 

10.09 

13 

9.  59 

9.00 

It.  75 

9.  84 

15 

10.00 

10.03 

10.09 

lo.  16 

15 

It.  7.", 

9.81 

It.  It  I 

10.00 

16 

10.06 

10. 16 

10.22 

1(i 

11.  72 

9.78 

:<  34 

9.94 

18 

lu.  00 

10.03 

10.  09 

10.10 

17 

0.  SI 

9.84 

11.  VI 

10.  00 

19 

9.94 

11. 117 

10.03 

10.011 

18 

11.  84 

9.87 

9.  mi 

10.06 

20 

9.94 

9.97 

10.03 

10.09 

19 

9.84 

9.87 

It.  97 

10.06 

21 

9.  9  \ 

9.97 

10.03 

10.  09 

20 

9.91 

10.00 

10.09 

22 

9.94 

9.94 

10.  00 

10.06 

•  i.i 

It.  si 

9.81 

9.91 

10.  00 



9.  57 

37 

9  94 

10.00 

2:: 

0.  78 

•>.  B 1 

9.87 

9.97 

25 

9.  si 

9.81 

9.84 

9  -; 



9.81 

9.84 

9.91 

9.97 

26 

9.  84 

9.81 

9.87 

9.94 

9.78 

9.78 

9.84 

0.  94 

27 

;i.81 

9.84 

ii.iu 

20 

9.81 

9.81 

9.91 

9.97 

28 

:>.  -1 

9.87 

H.lll 

9.97 

27 

it.  78 

9.78 

9.84 

9.94 

29 

9.91 

9.91 

9.97 

10.  U3 

29 

9.78 

9.  78 

9.84 

9.94 

30 

9.81 

9.81 

9.87 

9.94 

30 

9.72 

9.72 

9.81 

9.87 

31 

9.78 

9.81 

9.87 

9.97 

u     . 

u    . 

>>  . 

o 

b  • 

>>  . 

a  >> 

ft  >. 

*  >. 

-  >. 

=  >> 

■a  >> 

sh 

S  . 

" 

%  Z 

l~2  3 

'"■   _ 

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-  - 

t-s  s 

<*  --> 

J  > 

;.  s 

2  o 

fc* 

~.~ 

<  — 

?.- 

~r- 

£* 

^ 

Feb.       1 

9.78 

9.81 

9.87 

9.97 

9.84 

9.94 

10.00 

10.06 

2 

9.81 

9.84 

9.  91 

9.97 

•' 

9.87 

9.94 

10.00 

10.06 

3 

ii.  78 

9.81 

9.  87 

9.94 

3 

9. 91 

9.  97 

10.03 

10.09 

4 

9.84 

9.84 

9.91 

10.00 

5 

9.  04 

10.00 

10.  06 

10. 12 

5 

9.81 

:i.  8  I 

9.91 

9.97 

6 

10.00 

10.  03 

10.  09 

10.16 

6 

9.84 

9.84 

9.91 

It.  07 

7 

9.97 

10.03 

10.09 

10.12 

8 

9.78 

9.81 

9.87 

9.94 

8 

10.00 

10.03 

10.09 

10.16 

9 

9.  75 

9.75 

9.78 

9.87 

9 

lo.  111; 

10.09 

10.16 

10.22 

10 

9.72 

11.  7.-. 

9.78 

9.84 

10 

10.03 

10.03 

in.  it; 

10.22 

11 

•l.  72 

9.75 

9.81 

12 

10.  12 

10.  12 

10.19 

10.  25 

12 

9.75 

9.75 

9.81 

9.87 

13 

10.09 

10.12 

10.  19 

10.25 

13 

9.11 

9.  75 

9.78 

it.  8 1 

14 

10.00 

10.00 

10.  12 

10.19 

15 

9.  75 

0.  75 

9.78 

9.84 

15 

10.03 

10.  03 

10.  09 

10.16 

16 

9.6G 

It.  t.H 

9.72 

9.78 

16 

10.03 

10.03 

10.  09 

10.16 

17 

9.  62 

li.  li.' 

9.69 

It.  7.'. 

17 

10.03 

10.03 

10.09 

10.16 

18 

9.56 

9.56 

;i.  ii'J 

9.09 

19 

10.09 

10.09 

10.16 

10.22 

19 

9.53 

9.53 

9.  59 

9.66 

20 

10.03 

10.03 

10.09 

10.16 

20 

9.  47 

9.  47 

9.53 

9.59 

21 

lit.  uti 

10.06 

10.12 

10.10 

•  • , 

9.  47 

9.47 

9.53 

n.  62 

22 

10.03 

10.  03 

10.09 

10.12 

23 

9.50 

li.  50 

9.53 

It.  (12 

23 

(t) 

(1) 

(t) 

(t) 

24 

11.47 

9.47 

9.53 

it.  :.:t 

24 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

25 

9.41 

9.41 

9.47 

9.53 

2.". 

(t) 

(D 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

9.37 

9.37 

9.41 

9.50 

27 

10.16 

10.16 

10.19 

10.25 

27 

9.28 

9.34 

9.41 

28 

20 

10.  12 
10.  16 

10.  12 
10.16 

10.16 
10.19 

10.22 

10.22 

30 

10.19 

10.19 

10.25 

10.31 

COT— VOL  2- 


-33 


t  Holiday. 


514 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "  FUTURES." 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


1886, 

Alav       1 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

31 


June      1 
2 

3 

4 

5 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

14 

15 

16 

17 

- 

19 

21 

22 

24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 


a  ® 


10.  22 
10.22 
10.  10 
10. 22 
10.25 
10.19 
10. 12 
10.16 
10.12 

(t) 

10.06 
10.03 
10.00 

9.94 
10.00 
10.00 
10.09 
10.09 
10.09 
10.12 
10.12 
10.16 
10.09 
10.06 
10.09 
10.12 


10.25 
10.25 
10.  22 
10.22 
10.  25 
10.19 
10.  12 
10.16 
10.12 

(t) 

10.06 
10.03 
10.00 

9.94 
10.00 
10.00 
10.09 
10.09 
10.09 
10.12 
10. 12 
10.16 
10.09 
10.06 
10.09 
10.12 


<)  3 
i  > 


10.  09 
10.12 
10.16 
10.09 
10.16 
10.16 
JO.  12 
10.16 
10.16 
10.12 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.06 
10.06 
10. 12 
10.09 
10.  00 
10.12 
10.16 
10.19 
10.  16 
10.19 
10.  25 
10.28 
10.25 


10.12 
10. 12 
10.16 
10. 12 
10. 16 
10.16 
10.16 
10.16 
10.19 
10.16 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.09 
10.06 
10.  12 
10.12 
L0.09 
10.12 
10.16 
10.  19 
10.16 
10.  19 
10.25 
10.28 
10.28 


3  >> 


10.31 
10.28 
10.25 
10.28 
10. 28 
10.  22 
10.19 
10.  22 
10.16 
(t) 

10.12 
10.06 
10.03 
10.00 
10.06 
10.03 
10.12 
10.12 
10.12 
10.16 
10.12 
10.19 
10.12 
10.12 
10.12 
10.16 


«  £? 
i.  > 

53  * 


10.19 
10.19 
10.19 
10. 16 
10. 19 
10.19 
10.16 
10.19 
10.22 
10.19 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

10.12 
10.09 
10.16 
10.16 
10.12 
10.16 
10.19 
10.22 
10.19 
10.22 
10.25 
10.28 
10.28 


«— 

<* 


10.37 

10.34 

10.28 

10.31 

10.31 

10.28 

10.22 

10.25 

10.19 

(t) 

10.16 

10.09 

10.  09 

10.03 

10.09 

10.09 

10.19 

10.16 

10.16 

10.19 

10.16 

10.22 

10.16 

10.16 

10.16 

10.19 


§3 

«2  ^ 


10.06 

10.06 

10.09 

10.06 

10.  09 

10.09 

10.  06 

10.09 

10.09 

10.06 

(t) 

(t) 

m 

10.03 
10.00 
10.06 

10.03 
10.06 
10.03 
L0.09 

10.09 
10.16 
10.19 
10.19 


July 


1886 

1 
2 
:; 
5 
6 

8 
9 
10 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16' 
17 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Aug- 


2 
3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

L6 

17 

18 

L9 

20 

21 

23 

ui 
25 
26 

27 
2S 
.-{( I 

31 


■<\  o 


10.34 

(t) 
10.37 
10.47 
30.44 
10.47 
10.63 
10.59 
10.56 
10.50 
L0.50 
10.44 
10.44 
10.47 
10.  44 
10.44 
10.41 
10.44 
10.56 
10.47 
10.  50 
10.47 
10.41 
10.47 
10.44 
10.47 

(t) 


(t) 
10.  41 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.31 
10.  34 
10.28 
10.22 
10. 28 
10.22 
10.28 
10.28 
10.  31 
10  31 
10.  34 
10.25 
10.22 
10.  19 
10.  12 

io.it; 

10.09 

10.12 
10.16 
10. 19 
10.12 
10.16 


'.  > 
us 

53  o> 


10.34 

(t) 
10.37 
10.47 
10.44 
10.  47 
10.63 
10.59 
10.56 
10.50 
10.50 
10.44 
10.44 
10.47 
10.44 
10.44 
10.41 
10.44 
10.58 
10.47 
10.50 
10.47 
10.41 
10.47 
10.44 
10.47 

(t) 


•Jir<3 


(t) 

10.28 
10.22 
10.  22 
10.  22 
10.  22 
10.19 
10.12 
10.19 
10. 12 
10.19 
10.22 
10.  22 
L0.22 
L0.  28 
10.16 
L0.12 
10.09 
10.03 
10.09 
10.00 
10.03 
10.  00 
10.09 
10.03 
10.03 


10.22 

(t) 
10.22 
10.34 
10.41 
10.41 
10.  41 
10.47 
10.44 
10.37 
10.37 
10.34 
10.31 
10.34 
10.31 
10.31 
10.28 
10.31 
10.44 
10.34 
10.  37 
10.34 
10.28 
10.34 
10.34 
10.34 

(t) 


fc® 


(t) 
10.19 
10.12 
10. 12 
10.12 
10.12 
10.09 
10.  03 
10.12 
10.06 
30.12 
10.  16 
10. 16 
10.  16 
10. 19 
10.12 
10.09 
10.03 

9.  07 

10.00 

9.94 
9.97 
10.00 
10.00 
9.97 
9.94 


t  Holiday, 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


-.  n 


515 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1898. 

[Liveipool  prices  redooed  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.) 


M 


10.09 
10.  0:i 
10.06 
10.09 
10.  19 
10.  IS 
10.09 
10.12 
10.16 
10.  12 
10.12 
10.22 
10.25 
10.  25 
10.  ■::> 
10.25 
10.31 
10.41 
10.34 
10.31 
10.41 
10.41 
10.56 
10.53 
10.47 
10.56 


10.22 
10.25 
10.22 
10.  12 
10.  12 
lu.  16 
10.  06 
10.00 
10.  00 
9.97 
10.00 
10.03 
10.03 
10.06 
10.09 
10.00 
10.03 
10.06 
10.00 
0.  97 
9.97 
9.94 
9.94 
9.97 
9.97 
9.94 


fcS 


10.00 
9.94 
9.94 
9.97 

lo.oo 
9.97 
10.00 
10.03 
10.00 
10.00 
10.  06 
10.09 
10.09 
10.09 
10. 12 
10.19 
10.25 
10.19 
10.16 
10.25 
10.22 
10.37 
10.34 
10.28 
10.31 


m  o 
\  > 


10. 19 

10.19 

10.16 

10.09 

1C.  09 

10.  12 

10.03 

9.  04 

9.97 

9.94 

9.97 

9.97 

9.97 

10.  03 

10.  03 

9.97 

10.00 

9.97 
9.  91 
9.  87 

9.87 
9.  84 
9.81 
9.87 
9.87 
9.84 


a  a 


9.97 
9.91 
9.94 
9.97 

io.oo 

9.97 
9.94 
9.97 

10.00 

9.97 
9.97 
10.  03 
10.06 
10.06 
10.06 
10.06 
10. 12 
10. 19 
10. 12 
10.  09 
10.19 
10.16 
10.28 
10.28 
10.22 
10.  25 


t-S  <B 
CD  CD 


10.16 
10.19 
10.16 
10.06 

10.00 

10.09 
10.03 
9.  04 
9.94 
9.91 
9.97 
9.97 
9.  07 
10.00 
10.  03 
9.  07 
9.  07 
9.  07 
9.87 
9.  84 
9.  34 
9.81 
9.81 
9.  87 
9.  8 1 
9.81 


7> 

Q  |2 


9.97 
9.91 
9.94 
9.97 
10.00 
9.97 
9.94 
9.97 

10.00 

9.97 
9.97 
10.  03 
10.06 

10.06 
10.06 
10.06 
10.  12 
10.19 
10.12 
10.09 
10.19 
10.16 
10.  2.s 
10.  28 
10.22 
10.25 


10.16 
10.19 
10.16 
10.  06 

10.09 
10.09 
10.03 
!».  01 
9.  04 
9.94 
9.  07 
9.  07 
9.97 
10.  00 
10.03 
9.  07 
9.  07 
9. 07 
9.  87 
9.  S4 
9.84 
9.81 
9.81 
9.87 
9.94 
9.81 


1886 

Nov.      1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

15 

1G 

17 

18 

19 

20 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

29 

30 


Dec. 


1 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

20 

21 

■  ■■. 

23 

21 

25 

27 
2S 
29 
30 
31 


R? 


fc-a 


10.  03 
10.06 
10.  09 
L0.09 
10.  19 
10.  25 
10.  25 
10.37 
10.  44 
10.44 
10.37 
10.41 
10.  34 
10.  37 
10.  34 

L0.34 
10.31 

10.  31 

10.34 
10.34 
10.  34 

(t) 

(t) 
10.31 
10.34 
10.37 
10.37 


9.81 

9.84 

9.84 

9.  7^ 

9.  81 

9.  78 

9.78 

9.81 

9.84 

9.87 

9.94 

10.03 

10.03 

10.00 

9.97 

10.00 

10.  03 

10.06 

10.  06 

10.  03 

10.  00 

L0.03 

10.03 

10.03 

10.00 

10.00 


fa  Z 


^T3 


10.00 
10.  06 
10.09 
10.09 
10.  19 
10.25 
10.25 
10.  37 
10.  44 
10.44 
10.37 
10.41 
10.34 
10.37 
10.34 
10.34 
10.31 
10.35 
L0.34 
10.34 
10.34 

(t) 

(t) 
10.31 
10.31 
10.  37 
10.37 


fa  z 


9.81 
9.  87 
9.  B 1 

9.78 
9.  81 

9.  78 

9.78 

9.81 

9.84 

9.87 

9.94 

10.03 

10.03 

lo.  do 

9.97 

10.00 

10.03 

10.  06 

10.06 

10.03 

10.  00 

10.  03 

10.03 

10.03 

10.00 

10.00 


CD    CD 

fa -a 


10.03 
10.06 
10.09 

10.09 

10.  lit 

10.28 
10.  28 
10.  37 
10.  44 
10.  44 
10.41 
10.44 
10.37 
10.41 
10.37 
10.37 
10.  34 
10.35 
10.37 
10.34 
10.34 

(t) 

(t) 
10.31 
10.34 
10.41 
10.37 


fars 


9.84 

It.  !»1 

9.87 

9.84 

9.84 

9.81 

9.81 

9.84 

9.87 

9.91 

9.97 

10.  06 

10.06 

10.03 

10.00 

10.03 

10.06 

10.09 

10.09 

10.06 

10.03 

10.03 

10.  06 

10.  03 

10.03 

10.03 


3-3 


10.09 

10.09 

10.06 

10.  12 

10.25 

10.34 

10.34 

10.44 

10.50 

10.  50 

10.44 

10.47 

10.41 

10.  44 

10.44 

10.41 

10.37 

10.31 

10.44 

10.31 

lit.  11 

(t) 

(t) 

10.34 

10.41 

10.  44 

10.44 


t  Holiday. 


516 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES 


Daily  -prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 

^Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  B'j  of 

a  penny.] 


J*n. 


Feb 


%l 


1887 
1. 

3  . 

4  . 

5  . 

6  . 
7. 
8. 

10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21  . 
22. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
31. 


1 
o 

3 

4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
10 
II 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
L8 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
•j:. 
26 
28 


(t) 

(t) 
10.50 
10.44 
10.50 
10.47 
10.41 
10.44 
10.44 
10.41 
10.  44 
10.41 
1H.41 
10.37 
10.34 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.  34 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.34 
10.  31 
10.31 
10.  28 
10.25 
10.19 


(t) 

(t) 
10.50 
10.44 
10.50 
10.  47 
10.41 
10.44 
10.41 
10.41 
10.44 
10.41 
10.41 
10.37 
M.  34 
10.  34 
L0.34 
10.34 
10.34 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.  31 
10.31 
10.  28 
10.  25 
10.16 


10.19 
10.28 
10.  22 
10. 19 
10.  22 
10.16 
10.19 
10.10 
10.  28 
10.25 
10.28 
10.31 
10.28 
10.25 
10.25 
L0.28 
10.31 
10.31 
10.28 
10.31 
10.28 
10.31 
10.31 
10.28 


(t) 

(t) 

10.53 
10.47 
10.56 
10.50 
10.44 
10.47 
10.44 
10.44 
10.47 
10.44 
10.44 
10.41 
10.37 
10.37 
10.37 
10.37 
10.37 
10.37 
10.37 
10.34 
10.34 
10.31 
10.28 
10.19 


^ 
<* 


10.22 
10.31 
10.  25 
10.25 
10.  28 
10.19 
10.25 
10.22 
10.34 
10. 31 
10.31 
10.37 
10.31 
10.28 
10.28 
10.28 
10.  37 
10.34 
10.34 
10.37 
10.31 
10.  34 
10.34 
10.31 


(t) 

(t) 

10.59 

10.  53 

10.59 

10.53 

10.47 

10.50 

10.  47 

10.  47 

10.50 

10.47 

10.47 

10.44 

10.  41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.37 

10.34 

10.34 

10.31 

10.22 


10.28 
10.  37 
10.31 
10.31 
10.34 
10.25 
10.31 
10.28 
10.41 
10.37 
10.37 
10.44 
10.37 
10.  34 
10.34 
10.  34 
10.41 
10.41 
10.37 
10.44 
10.37 
10.41 
10.41 
10.37 


188' 
Mar.  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
21 

24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 
31 


<i3 


Apr.  1 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
19 
20 
21 

23 

25 
26 
27 
28 

2:i 
30 


it 


^■o 


11.34 
11.31 

11.16 
11.25 
11.16 
11.16 

(t) 

(t) 

m 

11.31 
11.31 
11.31 
11.28 

1 1 .  22 
11.19 
11.  12 
11.  12 
11.16 
ii.  it; 
11  12 
11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.25 

11.31 
11.31 


10.34 
10.34 
10.41 
10.41 
10.  50 
10.50 
10.53 
10.50 
10.56 
10.  53 
10.56 
10.  53 
10.56 
10.  62 
10.  72 
10.75 
10.78 
10.81 
10.78 
10.81 
10.87 
10.87 
10.91 
11.09 
11.22 
11.19 
11.16 


11.41 
11.37 
11.22 
11.31 
11.22 
11.19 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

11.34 
11.34 
11.34 
11.31 
11.25 
11.  22 
11.12 
11.16 
11.19 
11.16 
11. 12 
11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.25 
11.31 
11.31 


10.41 
10.41 
10.44 
10.44 
10.  56 
10.53 
10.56 
10.53 
10.  62 
10.56 
10.59 
10.56 
10.  59 
10.  66 

10.  75 
10.75 
10.81 
10.84 
10.81 
10.84 
10.94 
10.01 
10.97 
11. 12 
11.25 

11.  22 
11.22 


i  P 


11.44 
11.44 
11.28 
11.37 
11.25 
11.25 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
11.41 
11.41 
11.41 
11.37 
11.31 
11.  28 
11.19 
11.22 
11.25 
11.22 
11.19 
11.16 
11.22 
11.  22 
11.31 
11.37 
11.37 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 
Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 


517 


[Liverpool prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  n  cent)  to  &  of 

"a  penny.  ] 


1887. 

3  .. 

4  .. 

5.. 

6.. 

7  .. 

9  .. 
10.. 
11  .. 
L2  .. 
IS  .. 
14  .. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
•JO.. 
121  .. 

23  . . 

24  .. 


11.44 

11.::: 

11.41 
11.44 
11.41 
11.41 
11.34 
11.31 
11.37 
ll.:;T 
n.  14 
11.44 

11.4: 
11.4: 

11.  53 

11.59 

11.50 
11.5:: 
11.5(1 

11.53 

25 11.5i; 


-  - 


11.56 

11  62 

(0 

0) 

(r) 


2;  — 


3 

4 

0 


11.78 
11.84 
11. 84 

11.  '.1: 


7 11.94 

12.03 

1 1 .  94 
11.91 
11.97 
1 1 .  94 
1 1 .  87 
11.91 
1 1  -: 
11.78 

(T) 
(t) 

1 1 . 0  2 

11.66 

1 1 .  69 

11.75 
11.72 

11.;.. 

11.81 


-:l 


10. 

11  . 
i::  . 

14. 
15  . 
16. 
i: 
18. 

2]  . 

22. 
23  . 

■J4  . 

2:. 

29  . 
30. 


11.47 
11.37 

11.44 
11.44 
11.44 
11.41 
11.34 
11.31 
11.37 
11.41 
11.44 
11.44 
11.47 
11.47 
11.53 
11.59 
11.53 
11  53 
11.53 
11.56 
11.59 
11.56 
11.62 

(t) 

(t) 

(t> 


<  ;- 
1  > 


11.81 
11.87 
11.87 

12.  U0 
12.06 

12.  00 

11.94 
12.00 
11.97 
11. 87 
11.94 
11.91 
11.81 

(f) 

It) 
11.60 
LI.  69 
11.72 
11.81 
11.75 
11.75 
11.75 
11.84 


11.53 
11.44 
11.50 

11.47 
11.47 

11.41 
11.37 
11.44 
11.  14 
11.50 
11.47 
11.50 
11.53 
11.59 
11.62 
11.56 
11.59 
11.56 
11.59 
11.62 
11.62 
1 1 .  69 

(1) 

(t) 

(t) 


11.84 
11.91 
11.91 
12.00 
12.09 
L2.03 

12.03 
L2.03 

1 1 .  97 
L2.03 
12.00 
11.91 
11.97 
11.94 
11.84 

(t) 

(t) 

11.69 
11.72 
11.75 
1 1 .  s  1 
11. 78 
11  78 

11..-: 


ti— 


11.59 

11.50 
11.53 

11.53 

11.50 
11.44 
11.41 
11.47 
1  1.  17 
11.53 
11.50 
11.5:; 
11.56 
11.62 
11.66 

11.  62 

11.59 
11.62 
11.66 
11.66 
11.72 

<t) 

(t) 

rt) 


An" 


11.47 
11.53 

11.5:: 

1 1 .  56 

11.62 

11.56 

11.66 

1 1 .  50 

11.56 

11.47 

11.53 

11.47 

11.41 

11.44 

11.41 

11.31 

(t) 

(t) 

11.16 

11.19 

11.22 

1 1 .  28 

11.22 
11.19 
11.19 
11.25 


t  Holiday. 


July 


1SS7. 
1  .. 


1 1 .  s  v 
11.81 
11.72 
11.72 
11.  69 
LI.  62 
1 1 .  62 
11.56 
11.31 

11.31 

11.3: 
11.22 
11.31 
11.06 
11.  19 
11.22 

21 11.25 

22 L1.22 

2:; 11.19 

25 ll.oo 


4 

5. 
6  . 

7. 

a 

9 . 

11 . 

12 

13  . 

14  . 

Hi  . 
1-  . 

19  . 

20  . 


1 

•J 

3 

4 
5 
6 
8 

9 
lo 
11 

12 

l:: 

15 

16 

1: 
18 

19 

20 

22 
23 

2  4 

25 

. 

27 

:;o 
:;i 


10.94 

11.-:: 

10.87 
(t) 


(f) 

L0.78 

lo.  .-1 

L0.75 
10.  is 
10  69 
10.69 
10.66 
10.59 
10.62 

10.  66 
lo.  Oil 
10.81 
lo.. si 

10.75 
10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

10.  72 


11.84 

11.81 

11.72 
11.62 
11.69 
11.62 
11.59 
11.53 
11.28 
11.31 
11.37 
11.19 
11.31 
11.06 
11.19 
11:19 
11.25 
11.22 
11.16 
11.00 
10.  91 
11.00 
11.00 
10.81 
(t) 


(t) 

10. 4: 

10.34 

I0.4: 
10.44 
10.  4: 
10.47 
10.44 
10.  4  7 

10.';: 
10.::: 
10.37 
10.31 
10.  34 
10.31 
10.37 
10.41 
10.50 
10.50 
10.44 
10.  41 

10.::: 

10.31 
10.41 
10.37 
10.34 

10.37 


11.22 
11.22 
11.19 
11.09 
ll.oo 
11.03 
10.97 
10.94 
10.87 
10.  69 

10.81 
10.66 
10.78 
10.69 
10.78 
10.81 
10.84 
10.78 
10.75 
10.56 
10.53 
lo.  ,52 
10.  59 
10.44 
(t) 


HZ 


fe  - 


(t) 

10.25 
10.12 

10.25 
10.22 
10.28 
10.19 

10.19 
10.  19 
10.  12 
10. 19 
10.  12 
10.16 
10.  19 
10.28 
10.3] 
10.22 
10.22 
10.19 
10.12 
10.19 
10.16 

10.19 


10.91 
10.91 

■ 
10.78 
10.69 

10.66 
10.66 
10. 62 
10.44 
10.50 
10.56 
10.41 
10.50 
10.44 
10.53 
10.  53 
10.53 
10.  50 
10.47 
10.34 
10.31 
10.37 
10.31 
10.19 
(t) 


o  i> 


(t) 

10.19 

10.06 

10.22 

10.19 

10.19 

10.19 

10.16 

10.19 

10.12 

10. 12 

10.09 

10.03 

10.09 

10.03 

10.06 

10.09 

10.19 

10.22 

10.16 

10.12 

10.16 

10.09 

10.16 

LO  09 

10.09 

10.12 


518 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  " FUTURES." 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3$  "  poiins  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  B\  of 

a  penny.] 


'.  > 

o  a 

0.    CD 

c5    . 

P  '- 

t-5   S 

r  > 

c5h3 

4b 

ft  s 

1-3 -O 

03  >s 

ft* 

1887. 

1887. 

10.47 

10.28 

10.22 

10.19 

Nov.      1 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

10.44 

2 

10.47 

10.28 

10.25 

10.  22 

2 

10.41 

10.37 

10.37 

10.41 

3 

10.41 

10.  25 

10.19 

10.16 

3 

10.41 

10.37 

10.37 

10.41 

5 

10.34 

10.16 

10.  09 

10.09 

4 

10.  34 

10.31 

10.  31 

10.34 

6 

10.37 

10.  22 

10.16 

10. 12 

5 

10.44 

10.41 

10.41 

10.44 

7 

10.41 

10.22 

10.19 

10.16 

7 

10.62 

10.59 

10.59 

10.62 

8 

10.37 

10. 22 

10.16 

10.12 

8 

10.  66 

10.02 

10.62 

10.66 

9 

10.34 

10.19 

10. 12 

10.12 

9 

10.81 

10.78 

10.  78 

10.81 

10 

10.37 

10.22 

10.16 

10.16 

10 

10.78 

10.75 

10.72 

10.75 

12 

10.47 

10.34 

10.  28 

10.28 

11 

11.22 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

13 

10. 37 

10.28 

10.22 

10.22 

12 

11.06 

11.06 

11.03 

11.06 

14 

10.44 

10.31 

10.28 

10.  25 

14 

11.19 

11.12 

11.12 

11.16 

15 

10.37 

10.22 

10.19 

10.16 

15 

11.03 

10  97 

10.97 

11.00 

10 

10.41 

10.28 

10.25 

10.25 

16 

11.03 

11.00 

10.97 

11.00 

17 

10.41 

10.28 

10.25 

10.  22 

17 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

19 

10.41 

10.28 

10.25 

10.25 

18 

10.91 

10.87 

10.84 

10.87 

20 

10.41 

10.25 

10.  22 

10.  22 

19 

10.97 

10.94 

10.94 

10.97 

21 

10.37 

10.25 

10.19 

10.19 

21 

10.84 

10.81 

10.81 

10.81 

22 

10.37 

10.  22 

10.19 

10.19 

22 

10.94 

10.87 

10.87 

10.91 

23 

10.31 

10.16 

10.12 

10.12 

23 

11.00 

10.97 

10.97 

11.00 

24 

10.28 

10.  12 

10.09 

10.09 

24 

10.97 

10.94 

10.94 

10.97 

26 

10.22 

10.09 

10.00 

10.06 

25 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

27 

10.16 

10.06 

10.03 

10.03 

26 

11. 12 

11.09 

11.09 

11.12 

28 

10.16 

10.06 

10.03 

10.03 

28 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.06 

29 

10.12 

10.03 

10.00 

10.00 

29 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.06 

30 

.10.09 

10.00 

10.00 

10.00 

30 

Dec.       1 

11.19 

11.22 

11.19 

11.22 

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Oct.        1 

9.97 

9.94 

9.94 

9.94 

11.22 

11.22 

11.25 

11. 28 

3 

9.94 

9.91 

9.91 

9.91 

2 

11.22 

11.22 

11.25 

11.28 

4 

10.00 

9.97 

9.97 

9.97 

3 

11.06 

11.06 

ll.~09 

11.16 

5 

10.03 

10.00 

10.00 

10.03 

5 

11.06 

11.06 

11.12 

11  16 

6 

10.06 

10.03 

10.03 

10.03 

6 

10.  97 

11.00 

11.06 

11.09 

7 

10.16 

10.12 

10.12 

10. 12 

7 

11.03 

11.06 

11.09 

11.16 

8 

10.19 

10.06 

10.06 

10.06 

8 

11.06 

11.09 

11.12 

11. 19 

10 

10.16 

10.12 

10.12 

10.  12 

9 

11.00 

11.00 

11.03 

11.06 

11 

10.22 

10.16 

10.16 

10.19 

10 

11.06 

11.09 

11. 12 

11. 19 

12 

10.16 

10.12 

10.12 

10.12 

12 

11.06 

11.06 

11.09 

11.16 

13 

10.25 

10.  22 

10.  22 

10.22 

13 

11.16 

11.19 

11.22 

11.28 

14 

10.31 

10.  28 

10.28 

10.  28 

14 

11.19 

11.22 

11.28 

11.  34 

15 

10.34 

10.28 

10.28 

10.28 

15 

11.25 

11.25 

11.31 

11.37 

17 

10.28 

10.25 

10. 25 

10.25 

16 

11.31 

11.34 

11.37 

11.44 

18 

10.  22 

10.19 

10.19 

10.19 

17 

11.25 

11.25 

11.28 

11.34 

19 

10.31 

10.28 

10.28 

10.  28 

19 

11.28 

11.28 

11.34 

11.41 

20 

10.34 

10.31 

10.31 

10.31 

20 

11.19 

11.19 

11.25 

11.28 

21 

10.37 

10.  34 

10.34 

10.34 

21 

11.25 

11.  25 

11.28 

11.34 

22 

10.37 

10.  31 

10.  31 

10.31 

22 

11.19 

11.10 

11.25 

11.28 

24 

10.41 

L0.34 

10.34 

10.34 

23 

11.22 

11.22 

11.25 

11.28 

25 

10.34 

10. 28 

10.28 

10.  28 

21 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

10.41 

10. 34 

10.34 

10.34 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

It) 

(t) 

27 

10.47 

10.41 

10.41 

10.41 

27 

11.31 

11.31 

11.34 

11.37 

28 

10.44 

10.34 

10.  34 

10.34 

28 

11.31 

11.31 

11.34 

11.41 

29 

10.41 

10.31 

10.31 

10.31 

29 

11.31 

11.31 

11.34 

11.37 

31 

10.41 

10.34 

10.34 

10.34 

30 

11.31 

11.31 

11.34 

11.41 

31 

(t) 

It) 

(t) 

(t) 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


519 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 

[lAwrpoo-  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3$  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  &  of 

'a  penny.] 


9. 

in  . 
11  . 
13  . 

n  . 

15. 

16  . 

17  . 
18. 

•JO. 

21  . 

23  . 

24  . 

27 
28 
29 


a 

si 

—  - 


1888 
Jan.       2 . 

3  . 

4  . 
5. 
6. 
7  . 
9. 

10. 

11  . 

12  ■ 
13. 
14  . 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20- 
•Jl  . 
23  . 
24. 
25  . 
26. 
27  . 
28. 
30. 
31  . 


(t) 
11.31 

1 1 .  25 
11.16 
1 1 .  22 
11.09 
11.06 
11.03 

11.09 

11.  06 
11.06 

1 1 .  22 
11.22 
11.19 
11.16 
11.22 
11.19 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.25 
1 1 .  25 
11.  L9 
11.16 
11.12 


O   8 


11.09 
11.03 
11.06 
11.00 

11.03 
10.97 
10.97 
11.06 
11.06 
11.03 
11.06 
11.03 
11.09 
11.09 
11.  09 
11.09 
11.03 
11.06 
11.03 
11.03 
11.03 
11.06 
11.09 
11.00 
11.00 


A  — 


(t) 
11.47 
11.28 
11.19 
11.25 
11.12 
11.09 
11.06 
11.06 
11.12 
11.09 
11.09 
11.22 
11.25 
11.19 
11.19 
1 1 .  22 
11.19 
11.22 
11. 19  I 

n.16 ; 

11.25  i 

11.25 

11.19 

11.16 

11.12 


(t) 
11.41 
11.31 
11.22 
11.31 
11.19 
11.16 
11.09 
11.09 
11.16 
11.12 
11. 12 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
11.22 
11.28 
11.19 
11.25 
11.22 
11.22 
11.31 
11.31 
11.25 
11.22 
11.19 


11.16 
11.09 
11.12 
11.06 
11.09 
11.03 
11.03 
11.12 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.  12 
11.  12 
11.06 
11.09 
11.06 
11.03 
11.03 
11.09 
11.09 
11.00 
11.00 


3  b 
ill 


3  >• 


<-■- 


11.19 
11.16 
11.  19 
11.  12 
11.16 
11.09 
11.09 
11.19 
11.19 
11.12 
11.19 
11.16 
11.19 
1 1 .  22 
11.19 
11.16 
11.12 
11.12 
11.  12 
11.09 
11.09 
11.12 
11.16 
11.06 
11.00 


(t) 

11.47 
11.37 
11.28 
11.34 
11.22 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.22 
11.16 
11.16 
11.31 
11.34 
11.28 
11.  25 
11.31 
11.28 
11.31 
11.28 
11.25 
11.34 
11.34 
1 1 .  28 
11.28 
11.22 


11.25 
11.22 
11.25 
11.  19 
11.22 
11.16 
11.16 
11.22 
11.25 
11.19 
11.25 
11.22 
11.25 
11.25 
11.25 
11.22 
11.16 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.16 
11.19 
11.19 
11.12 
11.12 


1888. 
Mar.       1  - 


Apr. 


10  . 

12  . 

13  . 

14  . 
1.-.  . 
16  . 

;; . 

19  . 
20 

21  . 
22 

23  . 

24  . 
26  . 
27 

29 
30 


2 

:>. 

4 
5 
6 
7 
!< 
10 

11 

1 2 

13 

14 
Hi 
17 
18 
19 

20 

21 

23 
24 

25 

20 
■J  7 

28 

:;0 


11.06 
10.97 
10.91 
10.84 
10.75 
10.66 
10.66 
1<>.  7.". 
10.69 
10.78 
10.78 
10.  72 
10.66 
10.69 
10.59 
10.59 
10.59 
10.50 
10.56 
10.56 
10.50 
10.44 
10.  50 
10.59 
10.69 

(t) 

(t) 


>, 


<5^ 


(t) 
10.50 
10.50 
10.50 
10.50 
10.41 
10.50 
10.50 
10.53 
10.47 
1(1.47 
10.50 
10.53 
10.47 
10.50 
10.47 
10.  53 
10.  53 
10.59 
10.56 
10.59 
10.06 
10.  62 
10.66 
10.69 


11.09 
11.03 

10.97 
10.87 

10.  69 
10.  78 
10.72 

10.78 
10.81 
10.75 
10.69 
10.69 
10.62 
10.59 
10.59 
10.50 
10.56 
10.56 
10.50 
10.44 
10.  53 
10.59 
10.66 

(t) 

(t) 


11.16 
11.06 
11.03 
10.91 
10.84 
10.75 
10.72 
10.84 
10.75 
10.84 
10.84 
10.78 
10.72 
10.75 
10.69 
10.66 
10.66 
10.56 
10.62 
10.62 
10.56 
10.47 
10.56 
10.66 
10.72 

(t) 

(t) 


- 


(t) 

10.56 
10.56 
10.53 
10.56 
10.47 
10.  56 
10.53 
10.  56 
10.53 
10.50 
10.53 
10.56 
10.  50 
10.53 
10.50 

10.56 
m.  :,:< 
10.56 
10.59 
lo.  in; 
10.62 
10.66 
10.69 


(t) 
10.59 

10.59 

10.59 

10.50 
10.59 
10.56 
10.59 
10.56 
10.56 
10.  56 
10.59 
10.53 
10.56 
10.53 
10.  59 
10.59 
10.66 
10.62 
10.62 
10.69 
10.  09 
10.72 
10.72 


t  Holiday. 


520 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1S9S. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  fa  of 

a  penny.] 


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1888. 

1888. 

Hsy.    1 

10.72 

10.78 

10.81 

10.81 

July       2 

10.94 

10.87 

10.59 

10.44 

2 

10.78 

10.81 

10.87 

10.84 

3 

11.00 

10.94 

10.62 

10.47 

3 

10.75 

10.78 

10.81 

10.81 

4 

11.00 

10.94 

10.66 

10.50 

4 

10.81 

10.84 

10.87 

10.  84 

5 

11.03 

10.97 

10.66 

10  50 

5 

10.84 

10.  84 

10.87 

10.87 

6 

10.97 

10.91 

10.59 

10.44 

7 

10.78 

10.78 

10.81 

10.81 

7 

10.91 

10.87 

10.56 

10.41 

8 

10.75 

10.78 

10.81 

10.81 

9 

10.94 

10.87 

10.56 

10.41 

9 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.78 

10 

10.97 

10.94 

10.62 

10.44 

10 

10.78 

10.81 

10.84 

10.81 

11 

11.00 

10.  94 

10.66 

10.47 

11 

10.  72 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

12 

11.00 

10.94 

10.  62 

10.47 

12 

10.69 

10.69 

10.72 

10.69 

13 

11.00 

10.94 

10.62 

10.44 

14 

10.69 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

14 

10.97 

10.91 

10.59 

10.44 

15 

10.  62 

10.66 

10.69 

10.66 

16 

10.97 

10.91 

10.62 

10.44 

16 

10.66 

10.69 

10.72 

10.69 

17 

10.97 

10.87 

10.59 

10.41 

17 

10.69 

10.69 

10.72 

10.69 

18 

11.00 

10.91 

10.59 

10.44 

18 

10.69 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

19 

10.94 

10.94 

10.62 

10.44 

19 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

20 

11.00 

10.91 

10.56 

10.41 

21 

(h 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

21 

11.00 

10.87 

10.56 

10.37 

22 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

23 

11.00 

10.87 

10.56 

10.37 

23 

10.75 

10.75 

10.78 

10.75 

24 

10.97 

10.84 

10.53 

10.37 

24 

10.78 

10.78 

10.81 

10.78 

25 

10.91 

10.78 

10.47 

10.31 

25 

10.  75 

10.75 

10.78 

10.75 

26 

10.97 

10.84 

10.53 

10.34 

26 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

27 

10.97 

10.84 

10.53 

10.31 

28 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.72 

28 

11.03 

10.87 

10.56 

10.37 

29 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.72 

30 

11.09 

10.94 

10.59 

10.37 

30 

10.75 

10.75 

10.78 

10.75 

31 

11.06 

10.91 

10.56 

10.37 

31 

10.75 

10.78 

10.78 

10.75 

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10.78 

10.78 

10.75 

10.47 

10.91 

10.53 

10.34 

10.31 

2    .. 

10.  72 

10.75 

10.72 

10.41 

2 

10.94 

10.59 

10.41 

10.34 

4 

10.72 

10. 72 

10.69 

10.41 

3 

10.94 

10.59 

10.44 

10.37 

5 

10.  72 

10.75 

10. 72 

10.41 

4 

(1) 

(t) 

(t) 

(1) 

6 

10.69 

10.72 

10.69 

10.41 

6 

(t) 

(t) 

(1) 

(t) 

7 

10.72 

10.  72 

10.69 

10.41 

7 

11.00 

10.59 

10.41 

10.37 

8 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

10.41 

8 

11.03 

10.02 

10.47 

10.41 

9 

10.78 

10.78 

10.78 

10.47 

9 

11.09 

10.69 

10.50 

10.47 

11 

10.84 

10.84 

10.81 

10.50 

10 

11.06 

10.62 

10.47 

10.44 

12 

10.  78 

10.78 

10.78 

10.47 

11 

11.03 

10.  62 

10.44 

10.41 

13 

10.78 

10.78 

10.75 

10.44 

13 

11.00 

10.  62 

10.44 

10.37 

14 

10.. si 

10.81 

10.78 

10.47 

14 

11.06 

10.66 

10.50 

10.44 

15 

'  10.81 

10.81 

10.78 

10.  47 

15 

11.00 

10.59 

10.44 

10.37 

16 

10.84 

10.81 

10.81 

10.50 

10 

10.97 

10.59 

10.44 

10.37 

18 

10.84 

10.81 

10.81 

10.50 

17 

10.97 

10.59 

10.44 

10.37 

19 

10.87 

10.87 

10.84 

10.53 

18 

10.  87 

10.  56 

10.41 

10.34 

20 

10.91 

10.91 

10.87 

10.56 

20 

10.  87 

10.56 

10.41 

10.34 

21 

10.94 

10.94 

10.91 

10.56 

21 

10.84 

10.  53 

10.41 

10.34 

22 

10.94 

10.94 

10.91 

10.56 

22 

10.87 

10.56 

10.41 

10.37 

23 

11.00 

11.00 

10.94 

10.59 

23 

10.91 

10.59 

10.44 

10.37 

25 

11.03 

11.05 

10.97 

10.  62 

24 

10.91 

10.  59 

10.44 

10.41 

26 

11.03 

11.00 

10.97 

10.66 

25 

11.00 

10.02 

10.47 

10.41 

27 

11.00 

10.  97 

10.91 

10.59 

27 

11.06 

10.60 

10.-47 

10.41 

28 

11.00 

10.94 

10.87 

10.59 

28 

11.09 

10.69 

10.50 

10.44 

29 

10.97 

10.94 

10.87 

10.59 

29 

11.12 

10.69 

10.50 

10.44 

30 

11.00 

10.97 

10.91 

10.59 

30 

11.09 

10.66 

10.47 

10.41 

31 

11.12 

10.72 

10.53 

10.47 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OP    COTTON  "FUTURES." 


521 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "  points"  (hundredths  of  a  .'ent)  to  {&  of 

a  penny.] 


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1888. 

1888. 

Sept.      1 

10.78 

10.  50 

Nov.      1 

10.72 

10.00 

10.66 

10.69 

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in.  SI 

10.56 

10.7.". 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

4 

10.91 

10.69 

L0.62 

3 

10.81 

10.78 

10.78 

10.  78 

5 

10.94 

10.72 

10.66 

10.62 

5 

10.84 

10.81 

10.81 

10.81 

6 

11.03 

10.71' 

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6 

lo.  >7 

10.84 

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10.84 

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10.78 

10.69 

10.66 

7 

10.94 

10.91 

10.91 

10.  01 

8 

11.19 

L0.84 

10.75 

10.72 

8 

in  94 

In    -  7 

10.  87 

10.91 

10 

11.25 

10.91 

10.78 

10.7.'. 

!) 

11.00 

10.04 

10.04 

10.  07 

11 

11.  L9 

10.  84 

10.72 

10 

11.00 

10.04 

10.04 

10.97 

12 

11.  22 

10.81 

10.69 

10.  CO 

12 

10.91 

10.84 

10.84 

10.87 

13 

H.22 

10.81 

10.69 

10.66 

13 

11.00 

10.04 

10.04 

10.94 

14 

11.25 

10.84 

10.72 

10.60 

14 

11.00 

10.  94 

10.94 

in.  07 

15 

1 1 .  25 

10.84 

10.72 

10.00 

15 

10.04 

10.87 

10.87 

10.87 

17 

11.28 

10.91 

10.7.". 

10.72 

16 

10.01 

10.87 

10.87 

10.87 

18 

11.22 

10.72 

10.69 

17 

10.91 

10.87 

10.  87 

10.87 

19 

11.  12 

10.78 

10.66 

10.62 

19 

10.94 

10.87 

10.87 

10.91 

20 

11.  12 

10.78 

10.66 

10.62 

20 

In  ,-7 

10.84 

10.84 

10.84 

21 

11.06 

10.72 

10.59 

10.56 

21 

10.87 

10.  81 

10.81 

lo.  si 

22 

11.19 

10.81 

10.61 

10.01' 

22 

10.75 

10.72 

10.72 

10.75 

24 

1 1 .  28 

in. '.i| 

10.78 

10.72 

2:; 

10.72 

10.60 

10.00 

10.69 

25 

11.28 

10.94 

10.  75 

10.69 

24 

10.75 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

26 

11.37 

11.00 

10.81 

10.72 

26 

10.62 

10.59 

10.59 

10.59 

27 

11.34 

10.97 

10.78 

10.72 

27 

10.00 

10.  66 

10.66 

10.66 

28 

11.37 

11.  mi 

10.81 

10.72 

28 

L0.  72 

10.00 

10.72 

20 

11.34 

10.97 

10.81 

.  10.72 

29 

10.  50 

10.  50 

10.50 

10.59 

30 

10.60 

10.66 

10.66 

10.66 

it? 

S    >> 

i'b 

4  £■ 

S£ 

-5  b^ 

II 

P  Z 

fc.  9 

*~-  z 

r)  o 

fl  - 

i.  > 

:T 

'-  "A 

=~ 

C~ 

fc* 

Q-a 

■3* 

Dec.       1 

P* 

1-8-0 

&•« 

£-= 

Oct.       1 

10.  94 

10.78 

10.72 

10.72 

10.69 

10.00 

10.72 

10.75 

2 

10.91 

10.78 

10.72 

10.72 

3 

10.72 

10.72 

10.75 

10.78 

3 

10.91 

L0.78 

10.  72 

10.72 

4 

10.7.". 

10.75 

10.75 

10.81 

4 

10.  94 

L0.78 

10.75 

10.7.". 

o    

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.78 

5 

10.87 

10.69 

10.66 

10.66 

6 

10.75 

10.75 

10.75 

10.78 

6 

10.87 

10.72 

10.69 

10.69 

7 

10.72 

10.72 

10.75 

10.78 

8 

ID.  7.". 

10.59 

10.56 

10.56 

8 

10.69 

10.00 

10.69 

10.  72 

9 

10.72 

in.  59 

10.56 

10.56 

10 

lo.  00 

L0.69 

10.72 

10.75 

10 

K).  75 

10.62 

10.62 

10.02 

11 

L0.69 

10.60 

10.72 

10.75 

11 

id  69 

10.56 

10.53 

10.  53 

12 

10.60 

10.72 

10.  75 

12 

10.81 

in  66 

10.62 

10.02 

13 

10.72 

10.72 

10.72 

10.75 

13 

10.84 

10.69 

10.  66 

10.66 

14 

10.72 

10.72 

10.75 

10.78 

15 

In.  87 

10.713 

10.66 

lo.  00 

15 

lo.  66 

10.00 

10.00 

10.72 

16 

10.91 

10.69 

10.66 

10.66 

17 

10.62 

10.02 

in.  00 

10.69 

17 

10.94 

10.75 

]o.7l' 

10.72 

18 

1O.02 

lu.02 

10.62 

10.66 

18 

in.  97 

L0.78 

10.72 

10.72 

19 

lo  59 

lo.  50 

10.50 

10.  62 

19 

11.09 

10.87 

10.81 

10.81 

20 

10.56 

10.56 

in.  50 

10.62 

20 

1  i.ii'i 

10.84 

10.78 

10.78 

21 

10.50 

10.  56 

10.56 

10.59 

•)•) 

11.06 

10.81 

10.75 

10.7.'. 

.... 

10.59 

10.50 

10.59 

10.62 

23 

11.09 

10.91 

in. St 

10.84 

21 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

24 

LI.  06 

10.87 

10.  si 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

25 

11.06 

10.91 

10.81 

1"    SI 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

I  1.00 

LO  8  i 

10.78 

10.78 

27 

10.59 

10.50 

10.  59 

10.62 

27 

L0.97 

10.81 

lo.T:'. 

10.7.'. 

28 

10.59 

lo.  50 

10.59 

10.62 

29 

in.  'ii 

1H.7L' 

1 0.  69 

10.00 

29 

10  50 

10.50 

in.  50 

10.  62 

30 

10.91 

10.75 

10.72 

10.72 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

31 

10.  91 

10.69 

10.66 

10.66 

t  Holiday. 


522 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1S80  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  s\  of 

a  penny.] 


188! 
Jan.       1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Feh. 


9. 
11. 
12. 
13. 

11  . 
15. 
16. 
18  . 
19. 
20. 
21  . 
22. 
23. 

25  . 

26  . 
27. 
28  . 


S* 


(t) 
10.  02 
10.  G9 
10.75 
10.81 
10.78 
10.78 
10.84 
10.84 
10.91 
10.91 
10.87 
10.91 
10.94 
11.00 
11.09 
11.06 
10.97 
11.00 
10.  94 
10.91 
10.91 
10.94 
10.87 
10.94 
10.94 
11.03 


si 


(t) 

10.  02 
10.  69 
10.75 
10.81 
10.78 
10.78 
10.84 
10.84 
10.91 
10.87 
10.87 
10.91 
10.91 
10.97 
11.00 
11.09 
10.94 
11.00 
10.91 
10.91 
10.91 
10.  91 
10.87 
10.91 
10.  94 
11.03 


11.00 
11.  03 
11.12 
11.12 

11.22 
11.16 
11.12 
11.12 

ll.no 
11.06 
11.03 
11.03 
11.06 
n.  or, 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.19 
11.22 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
11.22 
11.25 


(t) 
10.66 
10.  72 
10.75 
10.84 
10.81 
10.78 
10.84 
10.84 
10.91 
10.87 
10.87 
10.91 
10.91 
10.97 
11.03 
11.00 
10.94 
10.97 
10.91 
10.87 
10.87 
10.91 
10.84 
10.87 
10.91 
li.00 


P.  v 


11.00 
11.03 
11.09 
11.12 
11.22 
11.16 
11.  12 
11.12 
11.06 
11.06 
11.03 
11.03 
11.06 
11.06 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.19 
11.22 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
1 1 .  22 
11.25 


(t) 

10.69 
10.75 
IC.81 
10.87 
10.84 
10.81 
10.87 
10.87 
10.94 
10.91 
10.91 
10.91 
10.94 
11.00 
11.06 
11.00 
10.  94 
10.97 
10.87 
10.87 
10.87 
10.87 
10.84 
10.87 
10.91 
11.00 


Sb 


S" 


11.00 
11.03 
11.09 
11.12 
11.22 
11.16 
11.12 
11.12 
11.06 
11.06 
11.05 
11.06 
11.06 
11.06 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.19 
1 1 .  25 
11.25 
11.28 
1 1 .  22 
11.22 
11.25 


1889 
Mar.  1 
2 
4 
5 
6 

8 
9 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


<j  £ 


11.31 
11.28 
11.31 
11.34 
11.34 
11.41 
11.31 
11.37 
11.  31 
11.31 
11.25 
11.28 
11.28 
11.25 
11.  25 
11.19 
11 .  25 
11.25 
11.  28 
11. 22 
11.28 
11.25 
11.31 
11.34 
11.37 
11.37 


Apr.  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
g 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 

15 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
29 
30 


11.37 
11.37 
11.41 
11.44 
11.47 
11.50 
11.59 

11.  R9 
11.66 
11.72 
11.83 
11.81 
11.87 
11.87 
11.94 
11. 94 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12.00 
12.(10 

12. 03 

12.  09 

12.22 
12.22 


3  3 


P.O 


11.31 
11.28 
11.31 
11.34 
11.34 
11.41 
11.31 
11.37 
11.34 
11.31 
11.25 
11.28 
11.28 
11.  25 
11.  25 
11.19 
11.25 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
11.28 
11.25 
11.31 
11.34 
11.37 
11.37 


5  >> 


11.41 
11.41 
11.44 
11.47 
11.47 
11.53 
11.59 
11.72 
11.69 
11.75 
11.84 

11.  84 
11.91 
11.91 

12.  oo 
11.97 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
12.00 
12.00 
12.  06 
12.09 
12.22 
12.22 


^ 


11.31 
11.  28 
11.31 

11.34 
11.34 
11.41 
11.34 
11.37 
11.34 
11.31 
11.28 
11.31 
11.31 
11.28 
11.  25 
11.19 
11.25 
11.28 
11.31 
11.25 
11-28 
11.28 
11.31 
11.34 
11.41 
11.41 


B-3 


11.41 
11.41 
11.47 
11.47 
11.50 

1 1 .  56 
11.62 
11. 72 
11.69 
11.72 
11.84 
11.84 
11.91 
11.91 
12.00 
11.97 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(1) 
12.00 
12. 00 
12.06 
12.09 
12.22 

12.  22 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES. 


523 


Daily  price*  of  cotton  "futures''  in  Liverpool,  ISSOto  lS'JS. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  Z\  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  J-f  of 

;t  penny.] 


1889 
May      1  ■ 

B  . 

4. 

6  . 

7. 

8. 

9. 
1U  . 
11  . 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17  . 
18. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24  . 

25 . 

27. 
23. 
28. 
30. 
31. 


1  . 

3  . 

4  . 

5  . 

6  . 
7. 
8. 

10. 

11  . 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20  . 

21 

22 

24. 

25. 


11.94 
12.03 
12.  uO 
12.06 
12.06 
12.06 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 
12.09 
12.06 
12100 
12.00 
12.00 
11. 91 
11.97 
11.97 
I  I.  '.il 
11.91 
11.91 
11.94 

26 11.97 

27 12.00 

28 12.06 

29 12.03 


-:  V 
es*a> 


12.34 
12.41 
12.34 

12.37 
12.22 
12.  09 
11.97 

12. 1 'LI 
11.91 

1 1.  97 
11.87 
12.00 
12.09 
12.09 
12.03 

12.  06 
11.97 
12.06 
1 1 .  97 
12.00 
11.97 
11.94 
11.91 
11 .94 
12.00 
12.03 
11.97 


12.34 
12.41 
12.  34 
12.  31 
12.  22 

liiog 

11.97 

12.09 
11.91 
11.97 
11.87 
12.00 
12.09 
12.  09 
12.  00 
12.06 
12.  00 
12.06 
12.00 

J 'J.  mi 

11.97 
11.91 
11.94 
12.  03 
12.03 
11.97 


*tj  S 
i  > 

T   I 


12.00 
12.  06 
12.  12 
L2.  L2 
12.  09 

12.  09 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
12.12 
12.  09 
12.03 
12.03 
L2.03 
11.94 
12.  00 
12.03 
11.94 
11.94 
11.94 
11.94 
12.  oo 
12.00 
12.06 
12.  06 


12.31 
12.41 
12.34 
12.28 
12.19 

rj.i'9 

11.97 
12.  09 
11.91 
71.97 
11.87 
12.00 
12.09 
12.09 
12.06 
12.09 
12.  00 
12.06 
12.00 
12.  03 
12.  03 
12.  00 
11.94 
11.97 
12.06 
12.  06 
12. 00 


< 


11.97 
12.  03 
12. 06 
L2.06 
12.03 
12.06 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

L2.09 
L2.03 
11.  97 
11.97 
11.97 
11.91 
11.94 
11.97 
11.91 

11.81 

11.91 
11.91 
11.94 
11.97 
12.00 
12.00 


12.19 
12.  'jr. 
12.  19 

12.16 
12.09 

1 1 .  97 
11.84 
11.97 
11.84 

11.87 
11.81 
11.94 

12.  00 

12.  OH 

12. 00 

12.00 
11.94 
12.00 
11.97 
11.97 
12.00 
11.97 
11.91 
11.94 
12.03 
12.03 
11.97 


O  *- 
I  ? 


July 


11.37 

11.41 

11.47 

11.47 

11.44 

11.44 

(tj 

(t) 

(t) 

1  1 .  47 

11.47 

11.37 

11.37 

11.37 

11.34 

11.34 

11.37 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

11.34 

11.37 

11.  11 

11.37 


t  Holiday. 


1889 
1 
2 

3 

4 
5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
29 
30 
31 


Aiu 


1 

2 

3 

5 

0 

7 

8 

9 

10 

12 

13 

L4 

L5 

16 

17 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

•J'-. 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


5* 


1 


12.28 
12.31 
(t) 
(t) 

12.31 
12.34 
12.  34 
12. 34 
12.37 
12.  41 
12.47 
12.  53 
12.  69 

12.  72 
12.78 
12. 97 
13.12 
13.00 
13.16 
13.34 

13.  25 
13.09 
12.97 
13. 12 
13.12 
13.19 
13.16 


12.03 
12.  03 
12.06 
12.00 
12.  12 
12.  L6 
12.  16 
12. 12 
L2.06 
12.  09 
12.03 
12.00 
12.  03 
12.00 
12.  00 
12.  00 
11.97 
11.97 
11. 97 
12.03 
12.06 
12.  oo 
12.09 

12. 16 

12.  19 
12.19 
12.25 


11.59 

11.59 

(t) 

(t) 

11.66 

11.69 

11.69 

11.69 

11.69 

11.69 

11.72 

11.75 

11.84 

11.87 

11.91 

11.97 

12.  00 

11.91 

11.94 

12.00 

11.94 

11.84 

11.78 

11.81 

11.78 

11.81 

11.78 


11.41 
11.44 
11.47 
11.47 
11.53 
11.53 
11.  53 
11.47 
11.44 
11. 50 
11.44 
11.44 
11.44 
11.47 
11.47 
11.41 
11.37 
11.41 
11.37 
11.44 
11.47 
11.44 
11.50 
11.50 
11.56 
11.53 
11.59 


o  <- 

4  t- 


11.22 

11.25 

(t) 

(t) 

11.31 

11.34 

11.34 

11.34 

11.31 

11.34 

11.34 

11.34 

11.44 

11.47 

11.47 

11.53 

11.56 

11.47 

11.47 

11.50 

11.44 

11.37 

11.34 

11.37 

11.34 

11.41 

11.41 


51 


11.16 
U..16 
11..19 
11.19 
11.25 
11.25 
11.25 
11.19 
11.16 
11.19 
11.12 
11.12 
11.12 
11.16 
1L16 
11.09 
11.09 
11.09 
11.06 
11.12 
11.  M 
11.12 
11.19 
11.19 
11.25 
11.22 
11.22 


P    V 


11..  09 
11.99 

<t> 

11.16 
U.19 
11.19 
11.19 
11.19 
11.19 
.11.19 
U.19 
11.28 
11.31 
11.31 
11.34 
11.37 
11.28 
11.28 
11.31 
11.25 
U.19 
11.16 
11.22 
U.19 
11.25 
11.  22 


524 


DAILY    FEICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES." 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prioes  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  B*j  of 

*  a  penny.] 


_  - 

CO 
02 

>  >> 

o  u 

Kg 

o  a 

1-5  © 

O  © 

l-s  © 
[  > 

©  © 
po 

'.  > 

S3 

l-S'O 

1889. 

1889. 

Sept.      2 

11.78 

11.37 

11.22 

11.16 

Nov.      1 

11.  0G 

11.06 

11.06 

11.06 

3 

11.84 

11.37 

11.  22 

11.19 

2 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

4 

11.87 

11.41 

11.25 

11.19 

4 

11.19 

11.  19 

11.19 

11.19 

5 

11.97 

11.47 

11.28 

11.  22 

5 

11.28 

11.28 

11.28 

11.28 

6 

12.00 

11.50 

11.31 

11.25 

6 

11.22 

11.22 

11.22 

n:  22 

7 

11.94 

11.44 

11.25 

11.19 

7 

11.25 

11. 25 

11.25 

11.25 

9 

11.81 

11.37 

11.22 

.     11.16 

8 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

10 

11.75 

11.31 

11.16 

11.12 

9 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

11.31 

11 

11.81 

11.  37 

11.22 

11.19 

11 

11.28 

11.28 

11.28 

11. 28 

12 

11.78 

11.37 

11.22 

11.19 

12 

11.16 

11.16 

11.16 

11.16 

13 

11.78 

11.41 

11.25 

11.22 

13 

11.22 

11.19 

11.19 

11.22 

14 

11.78 

11.41 

11.25 

11.22 

14 

11.  22 

11.  22 

11.22 

11.22 

16 

11.78 

11.44 

11.25 

11.25 

15 

11.12 

11.12 

11.12 

11.12 

17 

11.87 

11.50 

11.34 

11.28 

16 

11.22 

11.19 

11.19 

11.19 

18 

11.94 

11.50 

11.34 

11.  31 

18 

11. 25 

11.22 

11.22 

11.22 

19 

11.94 

11.50 

11.34 

11.31 

19 

11.19 

11.16 

11.16 

11.16 

20 

11.91 

11.47 

11.31 

11.28 

20 

11.19 

11.16 

11.16 

11.16 

21 

11.94 

11.50 

11.34 

11.34 

21 

11.12 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

23 

11.91 

11.47 

11.34 

11.28 

22 

11.12 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

24 

11. 87 

11.44 

11.31 

11.28 

23 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

25 

11.87 

11.44 

11.31 

11.28 

25 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

26 

11.97 

11.47 

11.34 

11. 28 

26 

11.03 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

27 

11.84 

11.44 

11.34 

11.28 

27 

11. 12 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

28 

11.94 

11.53 

11.37 

11.34 

28 

11.12 

11.06 

11.06 

11.06 

30 

11.87 

11.47 

11.31 

11.28 

29 

11.09 

11.12 

11.12 

11. 09 

30 

11.12 

11.12 

11.12 

11.12 

O  t. 

't.t 

fi   © 
[   > 

©  u 

a  t. 

1-5  © 

^1 

—  ■- 
O*0 

°3 

a  © 
p-a 

2"© 

►3 

Dec.       2 

©  © 

fi- 

s© 

►3-0 

K   © 

Oct.       1 

11.34 

11.22 

11.19 

11.19 

ll. 16 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

2 

11.44 

11.31 

11.28 

11.28 

3 

11.09 

11.09 

11.09 

11.12 

3 

11.37 

11.25 

11.22 

11. 22 

4 

11. 12 

11.12 

11.12 

11.16 

4 

11.37 

11.28 

11.25 

11.22 

5 

11.16 

11.12 

11.16 

11.16 

5 

11.37 

11. 25 

11.19 

11.22 

6 

11.16 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

7 

11.31 

11.32 

11.19 

11.16 

7  . 

11.12 

11.12 

11.16 

11.19 

8 

11.41 

11.28 

11.25 

11.25 

9 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

11. 22 

9 

11.41 

11.31 

11.28 

11.25 

10 

11.19 

11.22 

11.22 

11.25 

10 

11.50 

11.41 

11.44 

11.34 

11 

11.09 

11.12 

11.16 

11.19 

11 

11.44 

11.34 

11.31 

11.31 

12 

11.16 

11.19 

11.19 

11.25 

12 

LI.  37 

11.31 

11.35 

11.35 

13 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

11.  22 

14 

11.31 

11.22 

11.19 

11.19 

14 

11.09 

11.09 

11.16 

11.19 

•     15 

11.25 

11.19 

11.16 

11.16 

16 

11.16 

11.16 

11.19 

11.22 

16 

11.31 

11.22 

11.19 

11.19 

17 

11.09 

11. 12 

11. 12 

11.16 

17 

11.22 

11.16 

11. 12 

11.12 

18 

11. 09 

11.09 

11.12 

11.16 

18 

1 1 .  22 

11.16 

11.12 

11.12 

19 

11.06 

11.06 

11.09 

11.12 

19 

11.12 

11.06 

11.03 

11.03 

20 

11.06 

11.06 

11.09 

11.12 

21 

11.09 

11.03 

11.00 

11.00 

21 

11.  09 

11.09 

11. 12 

11.16 

22 

11.  03 

10.  97 

10.94 

10.94 

23 

11.09 

11.09 

11.12 

11.16 

[1.03 

10.  97 

10.97 

10.94 

24 

11.06 

11.06 

11.09 

11.12 

24 

11.09 

11.03 

11.  00 

11.00 

25 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

25 

11.09 

11.03 

11.00 

11.00 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

26 

11.06 

10.  H7 

10.97 

10.97 

27 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

28 

11.12 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

28 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

29 

n.  te 

11.00 

11.06 

11.06 

30 

11.  03 

11.03 

11.06 

11.09 

30 

11.12 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

31 

11.09 

11.06 

11.09 

11.12 

31 

11.12 

11.03 

11.03 

11.03 

DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


525 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SSO  to  1S9S. 

Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  £  of 

a  penny.] 


1S90, 

1. 

2  . 

3.' 

4  . 

6. 

7  . 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
13. 
14. 
I.".  . 

w. 

17. 
18. 

2". 
21  . 

22. 

23  . 
24. 
25  . 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


1 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 

- 
in 
11 
12 
13 
14 
1.-. 
17 
18 
in 
20 
'j  I 
22 
21 
25 
■:>; 

27 
28 


(t) 

11.  12 
11.  12 
11.16 
1 1 .  25 
11.25 
11.37 
11.41 
11.41 
11.5H 
11.50 
11.  11 
11.41 

11.66 

1 1 .  112 
11.77) 
11.72 
11.91 

12.09 

12.111 

12.  19 

L2.03 

11.94 
11.97 


"21 


11. 84 

11.78 
11.84 
11.78 
U.78 
11.91 
11.94 
11.91 
1L97 
11.97 
L2.06 
12.09 
12.  nil 
12.06 
11.94 
11.97 
12.06 

12.00 
11.97 
11.97 
12.03 

12.0H 
12.06 


(t) 

11.16 
11.19 
11.19 
1L28 
11.31 
11.41 
11.44 
11.41 
11.50 
11.50 
11.44 
11.41 
11.53 
11.66 
11.62 

11.  75 
11.75 
11.91 
12.03 
12.09 

12.  19 
12.19 
12.  03 
12.03 
11.94 
11.97 


2-3 


-  t 


■?: 


11.87 
11.84 

11.91 
11.84 
11.84 
11.97 
12.00 
11.97 
12.06 
12.06 
12. 16 
12.16 
12.16 
12.09 
11.97 
12.  00 
12.  09 
12.  06 
12.00 
12.00 
11.97 
12.03 
12.00 
12.03 


(D 

11.19 
11.22 
11.25 

11.34 
11.34 
11.44 
11.47 
11.41 
11.53 
1 1 .  56 
11.50 
11.47 
11.56 

1 1 .  72 
11.66 
11.81 
U.78 
11.97 

12.  06 
12.  09 
12.  22 
12.22 
12.03 
12.  03 
11.97 
12.00 


P 


11.94 
11.91 

11.97 
11.91 
11.91 

12.  or, 
12.09 
12.03 
12.  Hi 
12.12 
12.22 
12.22 
12.22 
12.16 
12.03 
12.09 
12.  16 
12.12 
12.09 
12.otl 
12.  06 
12.09 
12.  06 
12.12 


-  . 


(1) 

11.22 
11.28 
11.31 
11.37 
11.41 
11.50 
11.53 
11.50 
11.59 
1 1 .  59 
11.5:: 
11.50 
11.02 
11.  75 
11.72 
11.84 

11.  si 
12.00 
12.09 

12.  16 
12.  25 
12.  25 
12.  of. 
12.06 
12.00 
12. 06 


I- 


11.97 

11.97 

12.03 

11.97 

11.97 

12. 12  . 

12.16 

12.09 

12.22 

12.22 

12.28 

12.28 

12.28 

12.  22 

12.09 

12.16 

12.  22 

12.19 

11.16 

12.12 

12.12 

12.16 

12.16 

12.19 


tilulidu^S. 


Mar. 


1890. 

1 

3 

4 

5 

0 

7 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

19 

31 


Apr. 


-.  - 


12. 
11. 
12. 

12. 

12. 
12. 

12. 
12. 
12. 
12. 
12. 

12. 
12. 

12. 

12. 
12. 
12. 
12. 

12. 
12. 

12. 

12. 
12 

12. 
12. 
12. 


1S90 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 
9 

10 

ll 

12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
29 
30 


as 


12.22 
12.19 
12.22 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12.  19 
12  22 
12^25 
12.  31 
12.34 
12.44 
12.  50 
12.47 
12.5*1 
12.56 
12.59 
12.56 
12.66 
12.72 
12.  81 
12.87 
12.91 
12.81 
12.84 


9* 


12.09 

12  06 

12.16 
12.19 
12.19 
12.22 

12.  22 
12.25 
12. 12 
12.16 
12.  09 
12.09 
12.16 
12.12 
12.  09 
12.  12 
12.25 
12.28 
12.  22 
1 2.  22 
12^28 
12.  25 
12.  25 
12.25 
12.25 


EC" 


12.31 
12.28 
12.31 

(t) 
(t) 

12.  28 
12.28 
12.31 
12.37 

12.41 
12.50 
12.56 
12.  53 

12.02 

12.  62 
12.  66 
12.59 
12.69 
12.75 
12.84 
12.91 
12.91 
12.  81 
12.84 


12.19 
12.16 
12.  19 
1  2.  22 
12.25 
12.25 
12.28 
12.31 
12.31 
12.22 
12.25 
12.  L9 
12.16 
1  1.  22 
12.  19 
12.  16 
12.  22 
l'l  34 
12.37 
12.31 
12.  ;;i 
12.34 

12.34 

12.34 
12.34 

12.  34 


p  P? 


12.34 

12.34 
12.37 

(t) 

(t) 

<t) 

12.34 
12.34 
12.  37 
12.  14 
12.47 
12.56 

12.02 
12.59 
12.69 
12.66 
12.69 
12.62 
12.72 
12. 7- 

12.  .-7 
12.114 

12.94 
12.81 

12.87 


12.22 
12.19 
12.22 
12.25 
12.28 
12.  28 
12.31 
12.34 
12.34 
12.  25 
12.  28 
12. 'J2 
1 2.  22 
12. 25 
12.22 
12.  19 
12.25 
12.41 
12.41 
12.  34 
12.  34 
12.41 
12.37 
12.37 
12.41 
12.41 


3  b 

«}S 


12.41 

12.41 

12.  41 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

12.41 

12.41 

12.41 

12. 47 

12.50 

12.59 

12.60 

12.02 

12.72 

12.72 

12.75 

12.69 

12.  78 

12.81 

12.  91 

12.97 

13.00 

12.  87 

12.  91 


526 


DAILY    PRICES    OP    COTTON  "FUTURES." 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  B^  of 

a  penny.] 


1890 
1  . 

3  '. 
5. 
6. 
7. 

8  . 

9  . 
10. 

12  . 

13  . 

14  . 

15  . 
16. 
17. 
19  . 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


2 

3 
4 
5 

6 

7 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
u 
16 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
2* 
■M 


12.78 
12.81 
12.78 
12.84 
12.84 
12.81 
12.78 
12.87 
12.  87 
12.94 
12.94 
12.91 
12.  87 
12.84 
12.84 
12.94 
12.97 
13.09 
13.09 
13. 12 
(t) 
(1) 
(t) 

13.31 
13.25 
13.28 
13.28 


a  >> 


12.81 
12.81 
12.81 
12.84 
12.87 
12.84 
12.81 
12.91 
12.94 
12.97 
13.00 
12.  97 
12.94 
12.91 
12.91 

12.  97 
13.03 
13.12 
13.09 
13.16 

(t) 
(t) 
(t) 

13.  31 
13.25 
13. 28 
13.25 


<v 


13.16 
13.19 
13.12 
13.  12 

13.  12 
13.03 
13.12 
12.  94 
12.97 
12.87 
12.94 
12.94 
12.87 
12.  84 
12.87 
12.  81 
12.84 
12.81 
12.66 
12.66 
12.60 
12.72 
12.69 
12.  69 
12.72 


<S 


12.81 
12.84 
12.81 
12.87 
12.91 
12.87 
12.84 
12.94 
12.97 
13.00 
13.03 
13.03 
12.97 
12.94 
12.  94 
13.03 
13.09 
13. 19 
13  16 
13. 22 

(t) 

(t) 

(I) 

13.37 
13.31 
13.34 
13.31 


13.09 
13.16 
13. 09 
13.09 
13.06 
12.97 
13.  06 
12.91 
12.94 
12.84 
12.91 
12.91 
12.84 
12.  78 
12.  84 
12.75 
12.81 
12.78 
12.66 
12.  66 
12.62 
12.69 
12.69 
12.69 
12.72 


12.75 

12.78 

12.75 

12.81 

12.84 

12.81 

12.78 

12.87 

12.91 

12.97 

13.00 

12.97 

12.94 

12.91 

12.91 

12.97 

13.03 

13.12 

13.09 

13.16 

(t) 

(t) 

0) 

13.31 

13.25 

13.28 

13.25 


Of? 

I.   <D 


12.22 
12.16 
12.19 
12.16 
12.16 
12.09 
12. 16 
12.03 
12.06 
12.03 
12.09 
12.09 
12.  06 
12.00 
12.06 
12.  00 
12.06 
12.03 
11.91 
11.94 
11.94 
12.00 
11.97 
11.94 
11.97 


July 


1890. 
1  . 
2 

3  '. 

4  . 

5  . 
7  . 
8. 
9  . 

10  . 

11  . 
12. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17  . 
18. 
19. 
21  . 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
28. 
29  . 
30. 
31. 


Aug.     1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 


12.78 
12.81 
12.84 
12.78 
12.75 
12.81 
12.84 
12.87 
12.91 
12.87 
12.91 
13.00 
13.06 
13.06 
13.03 
13.06 
13.06 
13.16 
13.25 
13.28 
13.22 
13.19 
13.19 
13.  22 
13.25 
13.22 
13.19 


< 


13.03 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
13.06 
13.06 
13.06 
13.06 
13.12 
13.22 
13.12 
13.  09 
13.  06 
13.00 
12.87 
12.72 
12.  66 
12.62 
12.47 
12.47 
12.34 
12.19 
12.19 
12.  22 
12.06 
11.94 


12.78 
12.81 
12.81 
12.75 
12.75 
12.78 
12.81 
12.84 
12.87 
12.84 
12.91 
13.00 
13.06 
13.09 
13.06 
13.06 
13.06 
13.12 
13.16 
13.12 
13.  06 
13.03 
13.03 
13.  03 
13.06 
13.06 
13.03 


12.00 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
12.06 
12.06 
12.06 
12.  06 
12. 09 
12.09 
12.  03 
12.00 
12.00 
11.97 
11.94 
11.94 
11.84 
11.84 
11.81 
11.78 
11.75 
11.69 
11.66 
11.69 
11.  62 
11.53 


12.00 
12.03 
12.03 
11.94 
11.94 
11.97 
11.94 
11.94 
11.91 
11.87 
11.97 
12.00 
12.03 
12.09 
12.09 
12.06 
12.09 
12.09 
12.12 
12.06 
12.00 
11.97 
11.97 
11.97 
12.00 
12.00 
12.00 


fc  $ 


11.72 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
11.75 
11.75 
11.75 
11.78 
11.81 
11.81 
11.72 
11.72 
11.72 
11.69 
11.66 
11.62 
11.62 
1 1 .  62 
11.59 
1 1 .  59 
11.56 
11.53 
11.50 
11.53 
11.  17 
11.41 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES. 


527 


Daily 2)t ices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  oent)  to  c\  of 

apenny.] 


1800. 

Sept.      1  . 

2  . 

3! 
4. 

5  . 

6  . 
8  . 
9. 

10  . 

11  . 

12  - 

13  . 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
22  . 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
29. 
30. 


Oct. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

7 

8 

9 

in 

11 

L3 

14 

15 

IG 

17 

18 

20 

•Jl 

22 

23 

24 

25 

'J  7 

28 
29 
30 

31 


11.50 
11.47 
11.4  4 
11.19 
11.19 
11.25 
11.  28 
11..I4 
11.37 
11.22 
11.2.x 
11.  28 

11.  ;:i 
1 1 .  25 
11. 'J.'. 
11.19 
11.19 
11.  31 
11.31 
11.34 
11.  31 
LI.  37 
11.37 
11.25 
11.31 
11.31 


*? 


11.22 
1  ] .  25 
11.31 
11.25 

1 1 .  25 

11.34 
11.34 
11.31 
LI.  34 
11.25 
11.  10 
11.16 
11.16 
11. 19 
11.19 
11.  10 
11.H9 
11.12 
11. 12 
11.16 
11.06 
11.03 
U.03 
11.00 
10.97 
10.94 
10.87 


11.41 
11.37 
11.34 

11.1'!' 
11.  12 
11.  11; 
11.19 
11.25 
11.28 
11.  if, 

11.  19 
11.19 
11.22 
11.19 
11.19 
11.12 
11.12 
11.22 
11.  19 
11.22 
11.  22 
11.28 
LI.  28 
11.19 
11.22 
11.19 


O    Q 

"A* 


©    t>s 


o  © 


11.19 

11.25 
LI.  28 
11.22 
11.22 
11.31 
11.31 
1 1 .  28 
11.28 

1 1 .  22 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.16 
11.  12 
11.09 
11.  nil 
ll.O'.i 
11.09 
11.09 
11.  03 
ll.dii 
11.00 
10.97 
ID.  114 
10.91 
10.84 


11.37 
11.34 
11.31 
11.06 
11.09 
1 1.1(1 
11.  12 
11.22 
11.25 
11.  12 
11.19 
11.16 
11.19 
11.  16 
11.16 
11.12 
11.09 
11.19 
11.16 
11.19 
11.19 
11.25 
11.25 
11.16 
11.19 
11.16 


n" 


11.19 
11.25 
11.28 
11.22 
11.22 
11.31 

11.31 
11.28 
11.28 
11.22 
11.12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.16 
11.12 
11.09 
11.06 
11.09 
11.09 
11.09 
11.03 
11.00 
LI.  00 
10.97 
10.94 
10.91 
10.84 


11.34 
11.31 
11.28 
11.06 
11.09 
11.12 
11.12 
11.19 
11.25 
11.09 
11.16 
11.16 
11.19 
11.16 
11.16 
11.09 
11.09 
11.19 
11. 16 
11.19 
11.16 
11.25 
11.25 
11.16 
11.19 
11.16 


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11.22 
11.25 
11.28 
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11.28 
11.28 
11.22 
11. 12 
11.09 
11.12 
11.16 
11.16 
11.12 
11.00 
11.09 
11.09 
11.12 

11.03 
11.03 
10.97 
10.94 
10.94 
10.87 


1890 
Nov.   1 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 


Dec. 


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2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

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23 

24 

25 

26 

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10.25 
10.  28 
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10.  22 
10.28 
10.  25 
10.25 
10.  25 
10.22 
10.16 
10.16 
10.12 
10.  12 
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10.72 
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10.75 
10.69 
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10.75 
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10.62 
10.66 
10.62 
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10.53 
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10.53 
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10.37 
10.41 
10.37 
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a-5 

10.44 
10.47 
10.53 

10.56 

10.62 

10.53 

10.  50 

10.  53 

10.59 

10.50 

10.53 

10.50 

10.53 

10.56 

10.53 

10.50 

10.50 

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10.44 

10.37 

10.34 

(t) 

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10.  50  1 

10.  53  ' 


t  Holiday, 


528 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


M 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  ''futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  6Jj  of 

a  penny.] 


§1 

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Jan.       1 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

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Mar.       2 

9.56 

9.69 

9.81 

9.94 

2 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

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3 

9.47 

9.59 

9.69 

9.81 

3 

(t) 

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4 

9.  3D 

9.62 

9.75 

9.84 

5 

10.34 

10.47 

10.59 

10.69 

5 

9.47 

9.59 

9.72 

9.81 

0 

10.28 

10.41 

10.53 

10.62 

6 

9.  47 

9.  56 

9.72 

9.81 

7 

10.37 

10.50 

10. 62 

10.72 

7 

9.47 

9.56 

9.69 

9.81 

8 

11  .44 

10.  56 

10.  66 

10.75 

9 

9.56 

9.66 

9.78 

9.87 

9 

10.  53 

10.02 

10.72 

10.81 

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9.56 

9.66 

9.78 

9.87 

10 

10.56 

10.  09 

10.75 

10.84 

11 

9.  59 

9.09 

9.81 

9.94 

12 

10.47 

10.56 

10.66 

10.75 

12 

9.69 

9.81 

9.97 

10.06 

13 

10.50 

10.59 

10.09 

10.78 

13 

9.  81 

9.91 

10.03 

10.16 

14 

10.50 

10.62 

10.  72 

10.81 

14 

9.  84 

9.91 

10.  06 

10.16 

15 

Kl.44 

10.53 

10.62 

10.  72 

16 

9.75 

9.84 

9.97 

10.09 

16 

10.41 

10.47 

10.  59 

10.69 

17 

9.75 

9.84 

9.97 

10.09 

17 

10.  31 

10.41 

10.50 

10.59 

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9.84 

9.  91 

10.06 

10.16 

19 

10.28 

10.34 

10.47 

10.56 

19 

9.75 

9.81 

9.  97 

10.06 

20 

10.22 

10.28 

10.41 

10.50 

20 

9.  69 

9.  75 

9.91 

10.00 

21 

10.  28 

10.  31 

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10.50 

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9.  69 

9.75 

9.87 

10.00 

22 

10.22 

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10.37 

10.47 

23 

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9.69 

9.84 

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10.19 

10.  22 

10.31 

10.44 

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9.59 

9.62 

9.78 

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10.16 

10.16 

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9.66 

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10.  03 

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3 

9.56 

9.69 

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10.06 

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4 

9.50 

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6 

9.73 

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10.06 

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6 

9.  47 

9.62 

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7 

9.78 

9.91 

10.03 

10. 16 

7 

9.53 

9.66 

9.81 

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9 

9.  84 

9.97 

10.09 

10.22 

8 

9.  44 

9.56 

9.72 

9.84 

10 

9.  78 

11.  87 

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10.12 

9 

9.44 

9.56 

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11 

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9.  94 

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13 

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10.06 

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13 

9.44 

9.53 

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14 

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14 

11.41 

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9.41 

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9.47 

9.47 

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9.75 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  ''FUTURES. 


529 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  189S. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


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2 

9.44 

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14 

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31 

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t  Holiday. 


COT — VOL   2- 


-34 


530 


DAILY  PRICES  OF  COTTON  "  FUTURES. 


» 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  18S0  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ^  of 

a  penny.] 


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8.97 

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9 

9.50 

9.69 

9.81 

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9.62 

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4 

9.03 

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9.00 

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9.03 

9.03 

9.12 

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5 

9.75 

9.91 

10.03 

10.  09 

6 

8.87 

8.87 

8.97 

9.06 

7 

9.66 

9.84 

9.97 

10.03 

7 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

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8 

9.69 

9.84 

9.97 

10.03 

9 

8.91 

8.94 

9.00 

9.09 

9 

9.78 

9.87 

10.03 

10.09 

10 

8.94 

8.94 

9.00 

9.09 

10 

9.59 

9.69 

9.81 

9.87 

11 

8.78 

8.78 

8.84 

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11 

9.75 

9.81 

9.94 

10.03 

12 

8.59 

8.59 

8.69 

8.78 

12 

9.75 

9.84 

9.97 

10.06 

13 

8.66 

8.69 

8.78 

8.87 

14 

9.59 

9.69 

9.81 

9.87 

14 

8.75 

8.78 

8.84 

8.97 

15 

9.53 

9.59 

9.75 

9.81 

16 

8.56 

8.56 

8.66 

8.75 

16 

9.53 

9.59 

9.72 

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17 

8.50 

8.50 

8.59 

8.69 

17 

9.37 

9.44 

9.56 

9.66 

18 

8.66 

8.66 

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9.25 

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9.53 

19 

8.75 

8.75 

8.84 

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19 

9.12 

9.16 

9.28 

9.37 

20 

8.78 

8.78 

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21 

9.25 

9.25 

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8.75 

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9.09 

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9.28 

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9.62 

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26 

8.87 

8.87 

8.97 

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9.59 

9.59 

9.72 

9.81 

27 

8.81 

8.81 

8.91 

9.00 

28 

9.44 

9.44 

9.59 

9.66 

28 

8.66 

8.66 

8.78 

8.87 

29 

9.47 

9.47 

9.59 

9.66 

30 

8.62 

8.66 

8.75 

8.84 

30 

9.56 

9.56 

9.69 

9.78 

• 

fc  h 

o  ►! 

B  k\ 

■§  >~. 

it? 

"*  k\ 

3  >> 

u    . 

5*h 

RS 

a  u 

1-5  © 

fc  % 

r^  oi 

1.  k 

sf3 

^'^Z 

ss 

^3 

o  a 

k  «> 

cs  o 

o  <o 

l-a 

O  c 

g* 

fi^ 

1-5-= 

Dec.       1 

Q-= 

h>T3 

fc-e 

Oct.        1 

9.59 

9.69 

9.75 

9.81 

8.53 

8.62 

8.75 

8.84 

2 

9.66 

9.72 

9.78 

9.84 

9 

8.56 

8.66 

8.78 

8.91 

3 

9.53 

9.59 

9.66 

9.72 

3 

8.44 

8.53 

8.66 

8.78 

5 

9.  59 

9.66 

9.72 

9.78 

4 

8.47 

8.56 

8.69 

8.81 

6 

9.02 

9.66 

9.72 

9.78 

5 

8.59 

8.72 

8.84 

8.97 

7 

9.72 

9.78 

9.84 

9.91 

7 

8.66 

8.78 

8.91 

9.03 

S 

9.81 

9.84 

9.91 

9.97 

8 

8.56 

8.69 

8.81 

8.94 

9 

9.78 

9.81 

9.87 

9.94 

9 

8.50 

8.62 

8.75 

8.87 

10 

9.66 

9.72 

9.78 

9.84 

10    

8.47 

8.59 

8.72 

8.84 

12 

9.62 

9.69 

9.75 

9.  78 

11 

8.47 

8.56 

8.69 

8.81 

13 

9.53 

9.56 

9.62 

'       9.69 

12 

8.41 

8.50 

8.62 

8.75 

14 

9.41 

9.44 

9.50 

9.56 

14 

8.47 

8.53 

8.66 

8.78 

15 

9.37 

9.44 

9.50 

9.56 

15 

8.34 

8.41 

8.53 

8.66 

10 

9.41 

9.41 

9.47 

9.53 

16 

8.41 

8.44 

8.56 

8.69 

17 

9.25 

9.28 

9.34 

9.41 

17 

8.37 

8.41 

8.53 

8.66 

19 

9.12 

9.12 

9.22 

9.28 

18 

8.41 

8.44 

8.53 

8.66 

20 

9.  09 

9.09 

9.16 

9.22 

19 

8.37 

8.41 

8.53 

8.66 

21 

9.37 

9.37 

9.44 

9.50 

21 

8.41 

8.44 

8.53 

8.66 

22 

9.31 

9.31 

9.37 

9.44 

22 

8.34 

8.37 

8.50 

8.62 

23 

9.41 

9.41 

9.47 

9.53 

23 

8.41 

8.44 

8.53 

8.66 

24 

9.37 

9.37 

9.44 

9.50 

24 

8.37 

8.37 

8.50 

8.62 

26 

9.37 

9.37 

9.41 

9.47 

25 

(t) 

(1) 

(t) 

(t) 

27 

9.19 

9.19 

9.25 

9.31 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(J) 

(t) 

28 

9.22 

9.22 

9.28 

9.34 

28 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

29 

9.22 

9.22 

9.25 

9.31 

29 

8.12 

8.16 

8.28 

8.41 

30 

9.12 

9.12 

9.19 

9.25 

30 

8.22 

8.22 

8.34 

8.47 

31 

9.12 

9.12 

9.19 

9.25 

31 

8.25 

8.25 

8.37 

8.50 

t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


531 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1S03. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3J  "points'"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  8>,  of 

a  penny.] 


1892 
J  an.    . .  1 


..1  .. 

(t) 

•' 

(t) 

4 

8.09 

5 

8.00 

6 

8.03 

7 

7.84 

8 

7.  si 

9 

8.00 

11 

7.87 

12 

7.75 

13 

7.  94 

14 

8.03 

15 

8.00 

1«+ 

18 

7.87 

7.91 

19 

8.09 

20 

8.16 

21 

8.16 

22 

8.31 

23 

8.19 

25 

8.22 

26 

8.03 

27 

8.00 

28 

8.03 

29 

8.00 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

US 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

29 


(t) 

(t) 

8.22 

8.12 

8.12 

7.97 

7.91 

8.00 

7.94 

7.  si 
8.00 
8.06 

8,  03 
7.91 
7.  94 
8.09 
8.19 
8.19 
8.31 
8.22 
8.25 
8.03 
8.03 
8.03 
8.03 
7.87 


<  3 


7.91 
7.87 
7.75 
7.78 
7.69 
7.53 
7.59 
7.44 
7.53 
7.5:; 
7.62 
7.66 
7.59 
7.53 
7.62 
7.59 
7.47 
7.47 
7.37 
7.37 
7.41 
7.28 
7.28 
7.37 
7.38 


p->> 

<  3 
i  > 

a  <s> 


(t) 

(t) 

8.34 

8.25 

8.  25 

8.09 

8.00 

8.19 

8.03 

7.91 

8.09 

8.19 

8.16 

8.00 

8.03 

8.19 

8.28 

8.28 

8.41 

8.31 

8.34 

8.12 

8.12 

8.12 

8.12 

7.97 


p.  s 


8.00 
7.94 
7.84 
7.87 
7.78 
7.62 
7.69 
7.53 
7.62 
7.66 
7.72 
7.75 
7.72 
7.62 
7.72 
7.  69 
7.56 
7.56 
7.47 
7.  50 
7.50 
7.41 
7.41 
7.47 
7.37 


5  >» 

is  >* 


p.  ■- 


(t) 

(t) 

8.47 
8.37 
8.37 
8.22 
S.  12 
8.28 
8.16 
8.03 
8.  19 
8.28 
8.25 
8.03 
8.12 
8.28 
8.37 
8.37 
8.50 
8.41 
8.44 
8.22 
8.22 
8.22 
8.19 
8.06 


P  u 

»-5   ? 


8.06 
8.03 
7.94 
7.94 
7.87 
7.72 
7.78 
7.66 
7.72 
7.75 
7.81 
7.84 
7.81 
7.  :■: 
7.81 
7.78 
7.  09 
7.  69 
7.  59 
7.59 
7.  62 
7.53 
7.  53 
7.59 
7.50 


t  Holiday. 


1892 
March.  1 

2 
3 
4 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 


Apr.    1 


6 

7. 
8  , 
9. 

11  . 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16, 

is  . 

19  . 

20. 

21  . 

22. 

23. 

25  . 

26. 

27. 

28  . 

29  . 
30. 


2$ 


^-= 


7.44 
7.41 
7.  II 
7.44 
7.34 
7.  34 
7.28 
7.22 
7.  19 
7.25 
7.16 
7.03 
6.  97 

6.  94 
7.09 
7.00 
7.09 
7.10 
7.19 
7.25 
7.12 

7.  22 
7.  2r. 
7.09 
7.H9 
7.09 
7.03 


<-* 


7.06 
7.06 
7.19 
7.12 
7.  19 
7.  19 
7.31 
7.  34 
7.50 
7.47 
7.  53 
7.56 
(t) 

0) 

xh 

(t) 

7.72 
7.81 
7.87 
7.84 
7.78 

7.02 
7.  50 
7.66 
7.78 


is  I? 


<•* 


7.53 
7.47 
7.50 
7.50 
7.41 
7.41 
7.31 
7.28 
7.25 
7.31 
7.22 
7.09 
7.00 
6.97 
7.09 
7.03 
7.09 
7.19 
7.22 


►a 


7.09 
7.09 
7.12 


7.12 

7.12 

7.25 

7.16 

7.22 

7.25 

7.34 

7.37 

7.56 

7. 50 

7.56 

7.59 

(t) 

<♦> 

(t) 

(1) 

7.  75 

7.81 

7.91 

7.84 

7.78 

7.66 

7.53 

7.69 

7.78 

7.66 


7.62 
7.56 
7.59 
7.59 
7.50 
7.50 
7.44 
7.37 
7.34 
7.41 
7.31 
7.19 
7.12 
7.06 
7.19 
7.12 
7.19 
7.25 
7.28 
7.34 
7.  22 
7'.  31 
7.37 
7.22 
7.19 
7.19 
7.22 


§1 


7.22 

7.22 

7.34  I 

7.25  I 

7.31  1 

7.31 

7.44 

7.47 

7.  62 

7.59 

7.06 

7.66 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

7.81 

7.91 

7.  97 

7.94 

7.87 

7.72 

7.  62 

7.75 

7.87 

7.75 


532 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


n 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 

[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "points*  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  &  of 

a  penny.] 


May 


1892 

2. 

3  . 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7  . 

0. 
10. 
11  . 
12. 
13. 
14. 
16. 
17  . 
18. 
lit. 
20. 
21. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
30. 
31. 


June 


1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

11 

13 
14 
15 
10 
17 
18 
20 
21 
2  2 
23 
24 
25 
27 
28 
29 
30 


7.72 
7.75 
7.81 
7.84 
7.91 
7.87 
7.91 
7.91 
7.84 
7.78 
7.81 
7.87 
7.81 
7.91 
7.97 
8.03 
8.09 
8.06 
8.09 
8.06 
7.97 
8.03 
8.09 
8.09 
8.19 
8.19 


8.25 

8.34 

8.44 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

8.47 

8.28 

8.34 

8.47 

8.44 

8.31 

8.19 

8.16 

8.19 

8.16 

8.00 

7.91 

7.97 

7.91 

7.97 

7.91 

7.87 

7.81 

7.84 

7.01 


*~2   <Q 


7.78 
7.81 
7.91 
7.91 
7.97 
7.97 
8.00 
8.00 
7.91 
7.84 
7.87 
7.94 
7.87 
7.97 
8.03 
8.06 
8.12 
8.09 
8.16 
8.09 
8.00 
8.06 
8.12 
8.09 
8.19 
8.19 


<1  o 


<\  » 


8.34 

8.44 

8.53 

(t) 

(t) 

(r) 

8.56 

8.37 

8.41 

8.56 

8.53 

8.37 

8.25 

8.22 

8.25 

8.22 

8.03 

7.97 

8.00 

7.94 

8.03 

7.94 

7.91 

7.84 

7.84 

7.94 


7.87 
7.91 
7.97 
7.97 
8.06 
8.03 
8.06 
8.06 
8.00 
7.94 
7.97 
8.00 
7.94 
8.03 
8.09 
8.12 
8.19 
8.19 
8.22 
8.19 
8.09 
8.12 
8.19 
8.19 
8.25 
8.28 


0D  S 
biS 


8.41 

8.53 

8.59 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

8.66 

8.47 

8.50 

8.66 

8.62 

8.47 

8.34 

8.31 

8.34 

8.31 

8.12 

8.06 

8.09 

8.03 

8.09 

8.03 

8.00 

7.94 

7.94 

8.03 


7.97 
8.00 
8.00 
8.06 
8.12 
8.12 
8.16 
8.16 
8.09 
8.03 
8.03 
8.06 
8.03 
8.09 
8.16 
8.22 
8.25 
8.25 
8.28 
8.25 
8.16 
8.19 
8.28 
8.25 
8.34 
8.34 


Aug. 


8.47 
8.62 
8.69 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 
8.72 
8.56 
8.59 
8.72 
8.69 
8.53 
8.41 
8.37 
8.41 
8.37 
8.22 
8.12 
8.16 
8.09 
8.19 
8.09 
8.06 
8.00 
8.00 
8.12 


t  Holiday. 


1892 
July  1  . 
2  . 
4  . 
5. 
6. 

7  . 

8  . 

9  . 
11  . 
12. 

13  . 

14  . 

15  . 
16. 
18  . 
19. 
20. 

21  . 

22  . 
23! 
25. 
26. 
27  . 
28. 
29. 
30. 


1 
2 

3 
4 

5 
6 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
22 
23 
24 
'J.'t 
28 
27 
29 
30 
31 


7.84 
7.78 
7.75 
7.78 
7.66 
7.50 
7.66 
7.69 
7.84 
7.78 
7.66 
7.  75 
7.66 
7.66 
7.59 
7.62 
7.72 

7!  75 
7.75 
7.72 
7.84 
7.91 
7.97 
7.94 
(t) 


1. 1> 

MS 


(t) 

(t) 

7.78 
7.84 
7.84 
7.81 
7.81 
7.75 
7.78 
7.72 
7.69 
7.66 
7.62 
7.78 
7.72 
7.75 
7.87 
7.94 
7.84 
7.81 
7.78 
7.78 
7.81 
7.84 
7.91 
7.81 
7.78 


7.94 
7.87 
7.81 
7.84 
7.69 
7.56 
7.72 
7.75 
7.91 
7.81 
7.69 
7.78 
7.69 
7.69 
7.62 
7.66 
7.72 
7.72 
7.75 
7.78 
7.75 
7.84 
7.91 
7.97 
8.00 
(t) 


(t) 

(t) 

7.84 

7.87 

7.91 

7.84 

7.84 

7.78 

7.81 

7.75 

7.72 

7.69 

7.62 

7.78 

7.72 

7.78 

7.87 

7.94 

7.84 

7.81 

7.78 

7.78 

7.81 

7.84 

7.91 

7.81 

7.78 


8.03 
7.97 
7.91 
7.94 
7.78 
7.62 
7.81 
7.81 
8.00 
7.87 
7.78 
7.84 
7.78 
7.78 
7.69 
7.72 
7.81 
7.81 
7.84 
7.87 
7.81 
7.94 
8.00 
8.06 
8.06 
(t) 


JziS 


(t) 

(t) 

7.94 

7.97 

8.00 

7.94 

7.91 

7.84 

7.87 

7.81 

7.78 

7.75 

7.69 

7.84 

7.81 

7.84 

7.91 

8.00 

7.91 

7.87 

7.84 

7.84 

7.87 

7.91 

7.  97 

7.87 

7.81 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 
Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1893. 


>33 


[Liverpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  a  rate  of  3£  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  ft  of 

a  penny.] 


£>, 

o£ 

03   >t 

ri  r 

Sb 

■°  £, 

a  >. 

*i 

fc£ 

a  u 

n  z 

1.  > 

ft  z 

if! 

>;s 

<u~S 

£■? 

sj'oj 

S3 

■^T, 

■c-e 

Q-O 

fc-O 

A -3 

w9 

0*3 

1-5  -8 

fe^ 

1892. 

1892. 

Sept.      1 

7.72 

7.78 

7.84 

7.91 

Nov.       1 

8.72 

8.75 

8.81 

8.91 

2 

7.78 

7.84 

7.91 

.   .  , 

2 

8.78 

8.81 

8.87 

8.97 

3 

7.72 

7.81 

7.87 

7.94 

3 

8.81 

8.87 

8.94 

9.00 

5 

7.  7f, 

7.81 

7.87 

7.94 

4 

8.91 

8.94 

9.03 

9.09 

6 

7.81 

7.87 

7.94 

8.00 

o 

8.94 

8.97 

9.03 

9.12 

7 

7.91 

7.97 

8.00 

8.06 

7 

9.00 

9.03 

9.09 

9.16 

8 

7.87 

7.91 

7.94 

8.00 

8 

9.19 

9. 22 

9.28 

9.37 

9 

7.94 

7.94 

8.00 

8.06 

9 

9.31 

9.34 

9.41 

9.47 

10 

7.91 

7.91 

7.84 

8.03 

10 

9.31 

9.34 

9.41 

9.47 

12 

7.87 

7.91 

7.94 

8.00 

11 

9.59 

9.62 

9.69 

9.75 

13 

7.84 

7.84 

7.91 

7.97 

12 

9.56 

9.59 

9.66 

9.72 

14 

7.91 

7.91 

7.97 

8.03 

14 

9.47 

9.50 

9.56 

9.62 

15 

7.84 

7.84 

7.91 

7.  97 

15 

9.66 

9.69 

9.75 

9.81 

16 

7.M 

7.91 

7.94 

8.00 

16 

9.81 

9.81 

9.87 

9.94 

17 

7.94 

7.94 

8.00 

8.03 

17 

9.84 

9.84 

9.91 

9.97 

19 

8.00 

8.00 

8.03 

8.09 

18 

9.66 

9.66 

9.72 

9.78 

20 

8.03 

8.03 

8.09 

8.12 

19 

9.84 

9.87 

9.94 

10. 00 

21 

8.16 

8.16 

8.19 

8.22 

21 

9.87 

9.87 

9.97 

10.  03 

22 

8.  12 

8.12 

8.16 

8.19 

22 

10.12 

10.12 

10.19 

10.  28 

23 

8.  28 

8.28 

8.31 

8.34 

23 

10.00 

10.00 

10.06 

10.16 

24 

8.31 

8.31 

8.34 

8.41 

24 

10.41 

10.41 

10.  50 

10.56 

26 

8.47 

8.47 

8.50 

8.56 

25 

10.41 

10.41 

10.50 

10.56 

27 

8.41 

8.41 

8.44 

8.50 

26 

10.34 

10.34 

10.44 

10.53 

28 

8.31 

8.31 

8.34 

8.41 

28 

10.34 

10.34 

10.44 

10.50 

29 

8.44 

8.44 

8.47 

8.50 

29 

10.12 

10.12 

10.19 

10.28 

30 

8.37 

8.37 

8.41 

8.47 

30 

10.19 

10.28 

10.37 

10.47 

1* 

i  > 

Rfe 

'■  > 

■Sfr 

i  > 

u    • 

as 

1  - 

i  > 

►a 

6  id 

a-3 

•^'•3 

a  © 

Of 

B-o 

Q-S 

&* 

Dec.       1 

p-a 

£* 

W* 

S^ 

Oct.       1 

8.41 

8.44 

8.47 

8.53 

10.09 

10.16 

10.22 

10.31 

3 

8.56 

8.56 

8.62 

8.69 

2 

9.94 

10.03 

10.09 

10.19 

4 

8.66 

8.66 

8.69 

8.78 

3 

9.87 

9.94 

10.00 

10.09 

5 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

8.81 

5    .. 

9.66 

9.72 

9.81 

9.87 

6 

8.84 

8.84 

8.91 

8.97 

6 

9.75 

9.81 

9.91 

9.97 

7 

8.78 

8.78 

8.84 

8.94 

7 

9.91 

9.97 

10.06 

10.12 

8 

8.66 

8.66 

8.72 

8.78 

8 

10.22 

10.28 

10.37 

10.47 

10 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

8.94 

9 

10.16 

10.25 

10.34 

10.41 

n 

8.72 

8.72 

8.78 

8.87 

10 

10.06 

10.12 

10.  22 

10.31 

12 

8.56 

8.56 

8.62 

8.72 

12 

10.00 

10.06 

10.12 

10.22 

13 

8.  50 

8.56 

8.62 

8.69 

13 

10.12 

10.  JO 

10.25 

10.31 

14 

8.47 

8.47 

8.53 

8.59 

14 

10.  22 

10.  25 

10.34 

10.41 

15 

8.  37 

8.41 

8.44 

8.53 

15 

10.34 

10.  37 

10.47 

10.53 

17 

8.44 

8.44 

8.50 

8.56 

16 

10.37 

10.41 

10.50 

10.56 

18 

8.56 

8.56 

8.62 

8.69 

17 

10.44 

10.47 

10.53 

10.59 

19 

8.62 

8.62 

8.69 

8.75 

19 

10.41 

10.44 

10.53 

10.59 

20 

8.75 

8.75 

8.81 

8.87 

20 

10.28 

10.31 

10.41 

10.47 

21 

8.69 

8.69 

8.72 

8.78 

21 

10.  34 

10.37 

10.44 

10.53 

22 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

8.94 

22       .   . 

10.28 

10.  31 

10.37 

10.44 

24 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.91 

23 

10.28 

10.  28 

10.34 

10.44 

25 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

8.94 

24 

(t) 

(t) 

(») 

(t) 

26 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

8.84 

26 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

27 

8.69 

8.69 

8.72 

8.78 

27 

(t) 

«) 

(t) 

(t) 

28 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.87 

28 

10.41 

10.  44 

10.50 

10.56 

29 

8.69 

8.69 

8.75 

8.81 

29 

10.47 

10.47 

10.53 

10.59 

31 

8.66 

8.59 

8.66 

8.72 

30 

10.50 

10.47 

10.53 

10.59 

31 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

I  Holiday. 


534 


DAILY    PRICES    OF    COTTON  "FUTURES. 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S93. 

^Liverpool  prions  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3i  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  fa  oi 

a  penny.] 


Jan. 


1893 
2 

3  . 

4  . 
5. 
6  . 
7. 
9. 

10. 
11. 
12. 
13  . 
14. 
16. 
17  . 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
30. 
31. 


Feb. 


1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 
6. 

7. 

8  . 

9  . 
10  . 
11. 
13. 
14  . 
15. 
16. 
17. 
J8. 
20. 
21  . 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
27  . 
28. 


(t) 

10.41 
10.41 
10.53 
10.62 
10.56 
10.47 
10.47 
10.34 
10.25 
10.37 
10.19 
10.19 
10.12 
10.19 
10.  28 
10.28 
10.34 
10.28 
10.25 
10.25 
10.16 
10.12 
10.16 
10.16 
10.06 


10.16 
10.16 
10.06 
10.00 
9.94 
9.87 
9.84 
9.69 
9.59 
9.66 
9.50 
9.34 
9.50 
9.50 
9.75 
9.87 
9.84 
9.87 
9.97 
10.12 
9.91 
9.78 
9.66 
9.53 


(t) 

10.47 
10.47 
10.56 
10.66 
10.59 
10.47 
10.50 
10.34 
10.28 
10.37 
10.19 
10.19 
10. 12 
10.19 
10.  28 
10.  28 
10.34 
10.28 
10.25 
10.25 
10.16 
10.12 
10. 16 
10.16 
10.09 


^ 


10.  16 
tO.  19 
10.12 
10.03 
10.00 
9.94 
9.91 
9.72 
9.62 
9.72 
9.56 
9.37 
9.53 
9.53 
9.75 
9.87 
9.84 
9.87 
9.97 
10.12 
9.91 
9.78 
9.66 
9.66 


(t) 
10.53 
10.53 
10.62 
10.  69 
10.66 
10.53 
10.53 
10.41 
10.31 
10.44 
10.25 
10.  25 
10.16 
10.22 
10.31 
10.31 
10.37 
10.31 
10.28 
10.28 
10.19 
10.16 
10.19 
10.22 
10.16 


—  - 
4* 


10.19 
10.25 
10.16 
10.09 
10.03 
10.00 
9.94 
9.78 
9.69 
9.78 
9.59 
9.44 
9.59 
9.56 
9.81 
9.94 
9.91 
9.94 
10.03 
10.19 
9.97 
P.  84 
9.72 
9.72 


P>  s 


(t) 

10.  59 

10.59 

10.69 

10.75 

10.72 

10.59 

10.59 

10.47 

10.  37 

10.50 

10.28 

10.28 

10.22 

10.28 

10.37 

10.34 

10.44 

10.34 

10.34 

10.  34 

10.25 

10.22 

10.25 

10.28 

10.19 


S  "3 


10.25 
10.28 
i0.  22 
10.12 
10.09 
10.03 
10.00 
9.81 
9.75 
9.81 
9.66 
9.50 
9.66 
9.62 
9.84 
9.97 
9.97 
9.97 
10.09 
10.  22 
10.  00 
9.87 
9.78 
9.78 


Mch. 


1893. 
1.. 
2.. 

3  .. 

4  .. 
6  .. 


Apr. 


1 

3 
4 

5 
6 

8 
K) 
11 
I 'J 
13 
14 
15 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 


<1  <c 


9.72 
9.69 
9.72 
9.81 
9.91 
10.00 
9.94 
9.94 
9.84 
9.91 
9.78 
9.59 
9.56 
9.69 
9.62 
9.69 
9.66 
9.66 
9.72 
9.75 
9.62 
9.56 
9.37 
9.44 
9.31 


(t) 


&£ 
<* 


(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

8.91 

8.91 

9.06 

9.19 

8.97 

8.91 

8.75 

8.66 

8.66 

8.75 

8.44 

8.47 

8.56 

8.62 

8.59 

8.37 

8.  59 

8.44 

8.41 

8.37 

8.28 

8.09 


9.78 
9.75 
9.75 
9.84 
9.94 
10.  03 
9.94 
9.97 
9.87 
9.94 
9.84 
9.62 
9.59 
9.72 
9.66 
9.72 
9.66 
9.69 
9.75 
9.78 
9.62 
9.59 
9.37 
9.44 
9.31 
9.28 
(t) 


(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

8.94 

8.94 

9.  09 

9.22 

9.00 

8.94 

8.78 

8.66 

8.66 

8.75 

8.44 

8.47 

8.56 

8.62 

8.59 

8.37 

8.59 

8.44 

8.41 

8.37 

8.31 

8.16 


9.81 
9.78 
9.81 
9.91 

10.  00 
10.06 
10.00 

io.oo 

9.91 
9.97 
9.87 
9.69 
9.66 
9.75 
9.72 
9.75 
9.72 
9.72 
9.78 
9.81 
9.66 
9.62 
9.41 
9.47 
9.34 
9.31 
(t) 


iro 


(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

9.00 

9.00 

9.16 

9.28 

9.03 

9.00 

8.  SI 

8.72 

8.69 

8.78 

8.50 

8.53 

8.59 

8.66 

8.62 

8.41 

8.62 

8.47 

8.44 

8.44 

8.34 

8.22 


t  Holiday. 


DAILY    PRICES    OP'    COTTON   "FUTURES. 


535 


Daily  prices  of  cotton  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  1S9S. 

[LiTarpool  prices  reduced  to  American  money  :il  rale  of  :tj  "  points  "  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  0l,  of 

a  penny.] 


r.'— 

5* 

fee  . 

—  >, 

m  - 
/.  - 

i  > 

ft 

ti  • 

~z~Z 

M  Z 

US 

H  s 

'.  .c. 

o  - 

1893. 

1893. 

Alav 

1 

8.25 

8.28 

8.34 

8.37 

July        1 

8.75 

8.78 

8.81 

8.87 

■_' 

8.44 

8.47 

8.53 

8.56 

3 

B.72 

8.72 

8.75 

8.81 

a 

8.44 

8.47 

8.50 

8.56 

4 

8.  62 

8.66 

8.69 

x.  7S 

4 

8.34 

8.37 

8.41 

8.44 

8.60 

8.69 

8.72 

8.78 

8.37 

8.41 

8.47 

8.50 

6 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

6 

8.41 

8.47 

8.50 

8.  .',3 

7 

8.69 

8.75 

8.78 

8.84 

8 

8.44 

8.47 

8.53 

8.56 

8 

8.75 

8.78 

8.84 

8.87 

9 

8.56 

8.59 

8.66 

8.69 

10 

8.75 

8.78 

8.84 

8.87 

10 

8.47 

8.50 

8.53 

8.59 

11 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

11 

8.47 

8.50 

8.56 

8.59 

12 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

8.9i 

12    

8.28 

8.34 

8.37 

8.44 

13 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

8.94 

13 

8.22 

8.28 

8.31 

8.37 

14 

8.78 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

IS 

8.19 

8.22 

8.31 

8.34 

15 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

16 

8.19 

8.  22 

8.28 

8.31 

17 

8.94 

8.94 

8.97 

9.03 

17 

8.22 

8.28 

8.31 

8.37 

18 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

9.00 

18 

8.22 

8.28 

8.34 

8.37 

19 

8.84 

8.84 

8.91 

8.94 

19 

8.22 

8.28 

8.34 

8.37 

20 

8.84 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

20 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

m 

21 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.84 

22 

<r) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

22 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

23 

(f) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t» 

24 

8.72 

8.72 

8.75 

8.78 

24 

8.12 

8.16 

8.22 

8.28 

25 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

8.81 

25 

8.06 

8.09 

8.16 

8.  22 

26 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

26 

8.12 

8.12 

8.19 

8.25 

27 

8.81 

8.78 

8.81 

8.84 

27 

8.06 

8,06 

8.12 

8.19 

28 

8.84 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

29 

8.09 

8. 09 

8.16 

8.22 

29 

8.87 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

30 

8.22 

8.22 

8.25 

8.31 

31 

8.84 

8.84 

8.84 

8.91 

8.16 

8.22 

8.28 

8.34 

II 

~>. 

X  £ 

fh 

o  >> 

i& 

o  .■ 

«q  £ 

X  S 

1  g 

V2  £ 

i  ? 

fcqo 

o  s 

tt^ 

~*^'JZ 

MS 

>  « 

O  b 

%° 

%* 

** 

w1* 

<•* 

v\^ 

C=> 

JZi'* 

June 

1 

8.25 

8.28 

8.34 

8.41 

Aug.      1 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

2 

8.34 

8.41 

8.47 

8.50 

8.72 

8.72 

8.75 

8.78 

3 

8.50 

8.53 

8.59 

8.  60 

3 

8.72 

8.72 

8.75 

8.78 

8.50 

8.56 

8.59 

8.66 

4 

8.69 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

6 

S.47 

8.53 

8.59 

8.62  | 

5 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

7 

8.62 

8.69 

8.75 

8.78 

7 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

8 

8.56 

8.62 

8.66 

8.72 

8 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

9 

8.50 

8.56 

8.62 

8.66 

9 

8.59 

8.59 

8.59 

8.62 

10 

8.66 

8.72 

8.75 

8.81 

10 

8.62 

8.62 

8.66 

8.66 

12 

8.66 

8.72 

8.75 

8.81 

11 

8.53 

8.50 

8.53 

8.56 

13 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

12 

8.53 

8.50 

8.53 

8.56 

14 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

14 

8.44 

8.41 

8.44 

8.47 

15 

8.94 

8.94 

8.97 

9.00 

15 

8.34 

8.31 

8.34 

8.37 

16 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

16 

8.34 

8.31 

8.34 

8.37 

17 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.84 

17 

8.19 

8.16 

8.16 

8.19 

19 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.81 

18 

8.12 

8.09 

8.09 

8.12 

20 

8.  66 

8.66 

8.69 

8.69 

19 

8.25 

8.19 

8.19 

8.  22 

21 

8.66 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

21 

8.09 

8.06 

8.06 

8.09 

22 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.84 

22 

8.22 

8.19 

8.19 

8.22 

23 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

23 

8.31 

8.31 

8.31 

8.34 

24 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

8.81 

24 

8.  25 

8.22 

8.25 

8.28 

26 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

25 

8.19 

8.16 

8.19 

8.22 

•j- 

8.69 

8.69 

8.75 

8.78 

26 

8.31 

8.28 

8.31 

8.34 

28 

8.75 

8.  75 

8.78 

8.81 

8.47 

8.47 

8.47 

8.50 

29 

8.59 

8.59 

8.62 

8.66 

29 

8.50 

8.47 

8.50 

8.53 

30 

8.62 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

30 

31 

8.47 
8.47 

8.44 
8.50 

8.47 
8.50 

8.50 
8.53 

t  Holiday. 


536 


DAILY  PEICES  OF  COTTON  "FUTURES 


Daily  prices  of  coiion  "futures"  in  Liverpool,  1SS0  to  189S. 

[Liverpool prices  reduced  to  American  money  at  rate  of  3£  "points"  (hundredths  of  a  cent)  to  &  of 

a  penny.] 


o  g 

^   <B 

o  to 

P  55 
'.  > 

o  to 

Dec. -Jan. 
delivery. 

•  £ 
o  to 

o  © 

1893. 

1893. 

Sept.      1 

8.56 

8.56 

8.59 

8.66 

Nov.      1 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

8.91 

2 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

8.75 

2 

8.91 

8.91 

8.94 

9.00 

4 

8.69 

8.69 

8.75 

8.78 

3 

9.03 

9.03 

9.06 

9.12 

5 

8.78 

8.78 

8.81 

8.87 

4 

8.94 

8.94 

8.97 

9.03 

6 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

6 

9.00 

9.00 

9.03 

9.09 

7 

8.69 

8.09 

8.72 

8.78 

7 

8.91 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

8 

8.87 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

8 

8.94 

8.91 

8.91 

8.97 

9 

8.84 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

9 

8.94 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

11 

9.06 

9.06 

9.09 

9.12 

10 

8.84 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

12 

9.03 

9.03 

9.06 

9.09 

11 

8.84 

8.84 

8.84 

8.91 

13 

9.00 

9.00 

9.03 

9.09 

13 

8.72 

8.72 

8.72 

8.78 

14 

9.19 

9.16 

9.19 

9.25 

14 

8.75 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

15 

9.19 

9.19 

9.22 

9.28 

15 

8.84 

8.81 

8.84 

8.87 

16 

9.28 

9.28 

9.31 

9.34 

16 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

8.81 

18 

9.09 

9.06 

9.09 

9.12 

17 

8.69 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

19 

9.06 

9.06 

9.09 

9.12 

18 

8.62 

8.59 

8.62 

8.66 

20 

9.03 

9.03 

9.03 

9.09 

20 

8.53 

8.53 

8.53 

8.56 

21 

9.09 

9.09 

9.12 

9.16 

21 

8.66 

8.62 

8.66 

8.69 

22 

9.28 

9.12 

9.25 
9.09 

9.25 
9.09 

9.31 
9.16 

23 

25 

9.00 

8.97 

8.97 

9.03 

26 

8.97 

8.97 

8.97 

9.03 

27 

8.84 

8.84 

8.84 

8.91 

28 

8.81 

8.81 

8.81 

8.87 

29 

8.69 

8.66 

8.69 

8.72 

30 

8.69 

8.66 

8.66 

8.72 

ii 

ft  s? 

"5  "3 

Q  ^ 

M    0 

'.  > 

©  $> 
fc-a 

1-5   v 
'.    > 

r~  — 
to  <D 

Oct.        2 

8.72 

8.72 

8.78 

8.84 

3 

8.84 

8.87 

8.91 

8.97 

4 

8.91 

8.94 

8.97 

9.03 

5 

9.00 

9.00 

9.06 

9.09 

6 

8.94 

8.94 

8.97 

9.00 

7 

9.00 

9.00 

9.03 

9.09 

9 

9.06 

9.03 

9.06 

9.09 

10 

8.97 

8.94 

8.97 

9.03 

11 

8.97 

8.94 

8.97 

9.00 

12 

9.19 

9.12 

9.16 

9.19 

13 

9.12 

9.12 

9.12 

9.16 

14 

9.09 

9.09 

9.09 

9.12 

16 

9.22 

9.19 

9.22 

9.25 

17 

9.  28 

9.28 

9.28 

9.31 

18 

9.12 

9.12 

9.12 

9.16 

19 

9.06 

9.06 

9.06 

9.09 

20 

9.16 

9.16 

9.16 

9.22 

21 

8.97 

8.97 

8.97 

9.03 

23 

8.81 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

24 

8.84 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

25 

8.78 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

26 

8.78 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

27 

8.75 

8.75 

8.75 

8.78 

28 

8.72 

8.69 

8.69 

8.72 

30 

8.84 

8.81 

8.81 

8.84 

31 

8.78 

8.75 

.8.78 

8.81 

VALUE    OF    EXPORTS    OF    STAPLES,   ETC.,   1860-1893. 


537 


Value  of  exports  of  staple  products  of  United  states,  I860  to  tS93. 
[A.9  officially  reported  by  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department.] 


Year  ending 
June  30— 


I860. 

ISG1. 

1862. 

1863. 

1864. 

1865. 

1866. 

1867. 

1868. 

I860. 

1870. 

1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1S93. 


Cotton. 


P.  read  stall's. 


Dollars. 
191,806,555 

34,051,483 
1,180.113 
6, 652, 405 
9, 895,  854 
6, 836, 400 
281,385,223 
201,470,423 
152,  820, 733 
162, 633, 052 
227,027,624 
218, 327, 109 
180, 684,  595 
227, 243,  069 
211.223,580 
190,  638,  625 
192,  659,  262 
171, 118,  508 
180,031,484 
162,304,250 
211,535,905 
247,  695,  746 
199,812,644 
247,  328,  721 
197, 015,  204 
201, 962, 458 

205,  085,  642 

206,  222,  057 
223,  016, 760 
237, 775,  270 
250,  968, 792 
290,  712, 898 
258, 461, 241 
188, 771,  445 


Dollars. 

72, 250, 933 

72, 152,  366 

84, 183,  754 

89,  ISO,  332 

63,  400,  606 

53,  941,  231 

41, 249.  054 

41,  288,  804 

69,  024, 059 

53.  724, 154 

72,  250,  933 

79, 381, 187 

84, 586, 273 

9S,  743, 151 

161, 198,  864 

111,  458, 265 

131,181,555 

117, 806, 476 

181,777,841 

210,355,528 

288,  036. 835 

270,  332, 519 

182, 670,  528 

208,  040,  850 

162, 544, 715 

160,  370,  821 

125, 846, 558 

165,  768, 662 

127,191,687 

123,  876,  661 

154,  925,  927 

128, 121,  656 

299,  365, 117 

200,  312, 654 


Tobacco, 
unmanufac- 
tured. 


Dollars. 

15,  906, 547 
13,784,  710 

12.::^:..  :::>(; 
19, 752, 076 
22, 845,  936 
41,  625,  226 
29, 456, 145 

19,  620, 159 
22, 898,  823 
20, 552, 943 
21, 100, 420 
19, 908,  797 
24,130,166 
22, 689, 135 
30, 399, 181 
25,  241,  .149 
22,  737,  383 
28, 825, 521 
24, 803, 165 
25, 157,  364 

16,  379, 107 
18,  737, 043 
19, 067,  721 
19, 438, 060 
17, 765,  760 
22.  025,  780 
27, 158, 457 
25, 948, 277 
21, 936,  084 
18,901,068 
21,  479  556 
21,  033,  759 

20,  670.  045 
22,891,899 


Provisions, 

comprising 

meat  and 

dairy  prod- 
ucts. 


Dollars. 

10,934,363 

22,  483, 213 

37, 198,  672 

58, 62::.  :.7'.i 

51,379,801 

54,  015,  841 

20.  053,  730 

27,  224, 060 

31,  078.' 598 

30,  326,  781 

30, 992,  305 

39,  748,  796 

64, 306, 139 

82,  911,  660 

83,511,275 

83, 100, 065 

92, 325, 308 

118, 579,  676 

124, 845, 137 

119,  857, 692 

132, 488, 201 

156, 809, 840 

122, 020, 530 

109, 217, 119 

114,  353,  788 

107, 232,  456 

90,  625,  210 

92,  783,  296 

93,  058, 080 
104,122,444 
136,264,506 
139,017,  171 
140,  362, 159 
138,401,591 


Tattle.  sheep 
and  lio>;s. 


Dollars. 

1,  463, 643 
254, 930 
255, 181 
372, 414 
243, 665 
244, 148 
426, 305 
378, 170 
432,  566 
(o) 

724,933 
551,700 

1, 193, 464 
1, 591, 057 
2,930,429 
2, 026, 198 
1,951,846 

2,  526, 740 
4, 497, 576 

10, 162,  400 
14,  657,  931 
15, 639, 173 
8, 913,  656 
9, 768,  803 
19. 333, 121 
13,  998, 441 
11, 963, 095 
9, 991, 614 
12,  051,  OSS 
17, 339,  862 
32,413,250 
31, 852, 988 
35,  624.  281 
26,  555. 954 


Total. 


Dollars. 
298,  362, 041 
142.720,702 
135,143,076 
174,  580, 806 
147, 765, 862 
156,  662, 846 
382, 170, 457 
289, 981,  616 
276, 254, 779 
267, 236,  930 
352,  096,  215 
357,917,658 
354,  906,  637 
433, 178,  072 
489, 269,  329 
412, 464,  702 
440, 855,  354 
438,  856, 921 
515,  955,  203 
527, 837,  234 
663, 097, 979 
709,  214, 321 
532, 485, 079 
593, 793,  559 
511,012,588 
505, 689, 962 
460,  078,  968 
500,  713,  906 
477, 253,  696 
502,  015,  305 
5P6,  052, 031 
610, 738.  772 
754, 480.  843 
576,  933,  573 


a  Complete  data  as  to  animals  exported  not  separately  stated. 


538       EXPORTS    OF    MANUFACTURES    OF    COTTON,    1850    TO    1893. 

Quantities  and  values  of  manufactures  of  cotton  annually  exported  from  the  United  States 
from  1S50  to  1S93,  inclusive. 

[As  officially  reported  by  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Treasury  Department.] 


Year  ending  June  30- 


1851.. 
1852.. 
1853.. 
1854.. 
1855. 
1856.. 
1857.. 
1858. . 
1859. 
18G0.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865.. 
1866. 
1S67. 
1868.. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1S78. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


Colored  cloth. 


Yards. 


Dollars. 


569, 

218, 

405, 

674, 

979, 

(*) 

064, 

083, 

844, 

585, 

625, 

593, 

488, 

601, 

765, 

116, 

758, 

184, 

525, 

066, 

441, 

738, 

293, 

793, 

446 

856, 

309, 

016, 

815, 

016, 


235 
724 
998 
426 
275 

715 

923 
888 
629 
180 
723 
214 
304 
313 
058 
166 
293 
672 
292 
296 
123 
373 
013 
936 
329 
770 
682 
450 
108 


1,006,501 
926,  404 

1,  086, 167 
1,136,493 

2,  613,  655 
1, 966,  845 

1,  785,  685 

2,  069,  194 
2, 320,  890 
3, 356, 449 
2, 215,  032 

587,  500 
630,  558 
401,  411 
657, 573 

88, 742 
139,  964 
531,  669 

(") 

1,  035, 469 
724,  841 
458, 998 
596.  912 
668, 781 
939,  061 

1, 455, 462 
2, 484, 131 
2,959,910 

3,  209,  285 

2,  956,  760 
4, 983,  312 
2,326,319 
2, 648,  278 
2, 579, 866 
2, 230, 567 
3, 149,  091 

4,  003,  772 

3,  522,  612 
2, 885,  373 
2,  886,  435 
2, 590,  934 
2, 484,  360 
2, 802, 462 


Uncolored  cloth. 


Yards. 


177, 065 

122, 372 

3,  041,  715 

6,  020,  731 

10,  839, 177 

(*) 

8, 276,  384 

14,  832, 931 

8,  859, 191 

10, 187, 145 

13, 247, 142 

21,  224,  020 

59, 319,  267 

76, 769, 147 

88,  528, 192 

84,  081,  319 

68, 821, 557 

80,  399, 154 

114, 994, 402 

103, 634, 459 

99,  750, 450 

114,  806,  595 
142, 547, 980 
136, 809,  074 

115,  706,  679 
77,  596, 862 
75,  716,  490 

135, 529,  590 
142, 938,  871 
100,776,006 


Dollars. 


Other  man 

ufactures  of 

cottou. 

(Dollars.) 


5,  571,  576 
6, 139,  391 

6,  926, 485 

3,  927, 148 

2,  793,  91C 

4,  290,  361 

3,  463,  230 
1,  598, 136 
1,302,381 
1, 403,  506 
1,  076,  959 

508,  004 

254,  751 

56,  639 

58, 469 

718,006 

1, 142, 451 

1,551,339 

(*) 
1,  345, 988 
1,776,694 
1,  317,  719 
1,  655, 116 
1,  681,  209 
2, 313, 270 

5,  314, 738 

6,  437, 223 

7,  053, 463 
6,  288, 131 
5, 834,  541 

6,  624.  374 
9,351,713 

8,  629,  723 
7,503,361 

7,  919,  670 
9, 231, 170 
9, 256,  486 
7, 812,  947 
5,577,401 
5, 480,  403 

9,  277, 112 
8, 673.  663 
6,  306,  022 


663,  068 

606,  356 

756, 242 

471, 875 

449,  616 

710, 103 

866,  262 

1,  984, 174 

4,  692,  951 

6, 174,  841 

4,  665, 047 

1,  850,  960 

2,  021, 102 
998,  851 

2,  735,  519 
973, 427 

3,  325, 820 
2,  788,  046 


1,  405,  825 

1,  056,  601 

527,  613 

695, 500 

745.  850 

819,  551 

952,  778 

1,314,489 

1,425,287 

1,  356.  534 

1, 190, 117 

1,  963,  701 

1,  544,  947 

1,  673, 144 

1,801,984 

1,686,354  i 

1,  579,  673  j 

1,669,084 

1,677,630  I 

1,  749,  870 

1,632,439 

1,736,811 

2,068,254  ! 

2,700,871 


Total. 
(Dollars.) 


7,  241,  205 

7,  672, 151 
8, 768,  894 
5, 535,  516 
5,  857, 181 
6, 967,  309 
6, 115, 177 
5,  651,  504 

8,  316,  222 

10,  934,  796 
7,  957, 038 

2,  946, 464 
2,906,411 
1,456,901 
3,451,561 

1,  780, 175 
4,  608,  235 

4,  871,  054 

5,  874, 222 

3,  787,  282 
3,558,136 

2,  304,  330 

2,  947, 528 

3,  095,  840 
4, 071,  882 
7, 722,  978 

10, 235,  843 
11,438,660 
10, 853,  950 

9,  981, 418 
13,571,387 
13, 222,  979 
12,951,145 
11,885,211 

11,  836,  591 
13, 959, 934 
14, 929,  342 
13, 013, 189 
10,  212,  644 

9,  999,  277 
13,  604,  857 
13,  226, 277 
11,809,355 


*  The  Bureau  of  Statistics  has  no  details  of  the  exports  making  the  total  of  $5,874,222. 


IMPORTS    OF    MANUFACTURES    OF    COTTON,    1867    TO    1893.       539 


Annual  importations  into  the  United   States  of  manufactures  of  cotton  (with  the  duties 

thereon),  1867  to  1893. 
[As  officially  reported  by  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Treasury  Department.] 


Tear  ending 
Juue  30— 


18G7... 
1868... 
18C9... 
1870... 

1871... 
1872... 
187::... 

1874... 
1875... 
1876... 
1877... 
1878. .. 
1879... 
1880... 


Value. 


Dolla 
23,872, 
16,668, 
19,088, 

21,900, 
26,  587. 
29.  983, 
31,810. 
24,922, 

24,  199, 
19, 850, 
16,  45li, 
10,464, 
16,933, 

25,  723, 


Amount 
Of   duly 

recoil  ea. 


Dollar  I. 

9,574,869 

7,212,372 

8,  186,720 
9, 188, 622 

10,  773,  832 
12,306,215 
11. 557, 173 
9,041,201 
9,043,653 
7,984,685 
6,554,825 
6,  496,  960 
6,576,252 

9,  976, 417 


Average 
duly, 

ad  valo- 
rem. 


Per  cent. 
40.11 
43.  37 

42.  89 
41.96 
40. 52 
41.  04 
36.  33 
36.28 
37.37 
40.22 
39.22 
39.49 
38.84 
38.08 


Tear  ending 
June  30 — 


1881 

1882 

1883 

l.ss  j 

IKS.", 

1880 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 


Value. 


Dollars. 
28,084, 116 
31,285,306 
32,359,343 

28,  638,  479 
27,242,511 

29,  236,  071 

29,  150,058 
28,706,702 

27,  105.  509 
29,312.028 
29,  142,330 

28,  667,  500 
33,  343,  553 


Amount 
of  duty 
recen  ed. 


Dollar*. 
10,825,115 
12,227,  103 
12,234,371 
11,479,941 

10,  932,  255 

11,  752,  206 
11,710,719 
11,491,897 
10,  841,  969 
11,691,611 
1  1,852,696 
16,  436,  733 
19,031,638 


Average 
duty, 

ad  valo- 
rem. 


Per  cent. 
38.55 
39.08 
37.81 
40.09 
40.13 
40.  20 
40.17 
40.03 
40. 

39.  88 
50.98 
57.  33 
57.08 


Details  of  annual  importations  into  the  United  States  of  manufactures  of  cotton  since  18S4. 
[As  officially  reported  by  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Treasury  Department.] 


Description. 


Cloth— 

.Not  bleached,  dyed, colored,  stained, 

painted,  or  printed 

Bleached,     lived,     colored,     stained, 

painted,  or  printed 


Total. 


Clothing  and  Other  wearing  apparel,  not 
including  knit  goods 

Knit  gimd.s:  Stockings,  hose,  half  hose, 
shirts,  drawers,  and  all  goods  made, 
fashioned,  or  shaped  on  knitting  ma- 
chines or  frames,  or  knit  by  hand 

Laces,  edgings,  embroideries,  insertinga, 
neck  ruffliugs,  ruchings,  trimmings, 
tuckings,  lace  window  curtains,  and 
other  similar  tamboured  articles 

Thread  (not  on  spools),  yarns,  warp,  or 
warp  yarn 

All  other  manufactures  of  cotton 


Total 29,074,626 


For  years  ending  June  30 — 


1884. 


Dollars. 
174,  323 

2, 187,  044 


2,361,367 


792,  402 


6,  994,  341 


10,012,394 


1,  339,  777 
7,  574,  345 


1885. 


Dollars. 
103,  200 


2,  653,  320 


2,  756,  520 


408,  810 


6,  307, 239 


10,  123,  234 


652,  202 
6,  949,  236 


27, 197,  241 


1880. 


Dollars. 
225, 103 


3,  467, 485 


3,  692,  588 


384,  770 


6,  858,  072 


11,  632,  351 

669, 096 
6, 472,  389 


29,  709,  266 


1887. 


Dollars. 
301, 636 


3,  033,  946 


3,  335,  582 


436,  356 


6,  910, 104 


10,  467, 073 


919,994 
6,  871,  244 


28, 940,  353 


Dollars. 
82,  613 


3, 356,  532 


3,  439, 145 


6,  373,  780 


11,071,907 


957, 705 
6,  082, 955 


28,917,799 


Description. 

For  years  ending  June  30 — 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

Cloth— 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  colored,  stained, 

Dollars. 
203, 100 

3,  696, 194 

Dollars. 
129,  588 

3, 373,  653 

Dollars. 
170, 423 

4, 237, 221 

Dollars. 
140, 001 

4,  505,  666 

Dollars. 
261,202 

Bleached,    dyed,     colored,    stained, 

5,  536, 275 

Total 

3,  899,  294 

3,503,241 

4,  407,  644 

4,  645,  667 

5,  797,  477 

Clothing  and  other  wearing  apparel,  not 

383,  612 
6,  389,  325 

9, 591,  943 

860, 703 

5,081.065 

336,  655 

7,  149,  030 

11, 447,  670 

904, 135 
6,  577,  324 

1,  201,  278 
6, 738,  775 

10,  589, 490 

857,  645 
5,  917,  792 

1,201,848 
5, 833, 652 

11,248,289 

664,  952 
4,  669, 433 

1,682,049 

Ivnil  goods:  Stockings,  hose,  half  hose, 
shirts,   drawers,  and  all  goods   made, 
fashioned,  or  shaped  on  knitting  ma- 
chines or  frames,  or  knit  by  hand 

L>ces,  edgings,  embroideries,  insert  bags, 
neck   rufflmgs,    ruchings,    trimmings, 
tuckings,  lace   window   curtains,    and 
other  similar  tamboured  articles 

Thread  (not  on  spools),  yarns,  warp,  or 

6,  392, 175 

12, 741, 798 
762,  653 

All  other  manufactures  of  cotton 

6, 184, 141 

Total 

26,  805,  942 

29, 918,  055 

29,  712,  624 

28,  323, 841 

33,  560,  293 

540 


EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  BY  COUNTRIES. 


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u: 

EXPORTS  FROM  U.  S.  OF  MANUFACTURES  OF  COTTON,  ETC.       541 

Quantities  and  values  of  exports  of  domestic  manufactures  of  cotton  from  the   United 
States,  by  countries,  during  the  years  ending  June  SO,  1892  and  1893. 

[As  officially  reported  by  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Treasury  Department.] 


Countries  to  which 
exported. 


Belgium 

Germany 

United  Kingdom 

Dominion  of  Canada  a.. 
Central  American  States.. 

Mexico  a 

West  Indies 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

China 

Other  Asia  and  Oeeanica. 

Madagascar 

Other  A  frica 

All  other  countries 

Total 


Colored  and  uncolored 

cloth. 


Ya  rds. 

922,  670 

317,  823 

7, 165,  014 

408, 703 

7,  546,  926 

8,819,481 

12,150,323 

10, 324, 021 

16,  071,  927 

19, 496,  685 

65,  859, 218 

10,832,  103 

4, 790,  783 

7,414,618 

12, 083, 726 


183,754,321 


Dollars. 

50,  650 

30, 155 

558, 315 

37,334 

415, 993 

492,079 

888,617 

673, 725 

839, 142 

1, 167, 887 

3.  887.  732 

710,029 

237,  709 

431,699 

730,  297 


11,158,023 


All  other 

ni.inu- 
facl  ii  res. 


Dollars. 

7,841 

70, 996 

161, 726 

843, 081 

78, 268 

155,  302 

125,  528 

75,  615 

17,  393 

85, 619 

5,231 

361, 529 


10,  779 
69,  256 


2,  068,  254 


Colored  and  uncolored 

cloth. 


All  other 

manu- 
factures. 


Yards. 

174, 853 

151, 092 

6,  798, 705 

10,972,994 

5, 730,  521 

4, 245, 904 

15,325,389 

19,  488,  281 

9,'JI2,4H1) 

16, 178, 517 

27,  700,  042 

6,641,120 

2, 490,  093 

6,  698,  787 

11, 940, 829 


143,  792, 114 


Dollars. 

9,212 

17,  784 

520, 863 

624,  406 

323,  953 

291,  893 

1,157,328 

1,  325, 787 

488, 566 

1, 151, 137 

1,  638,  657 

434. 134 

113,  773 

376,  558 

635, 433 


Dollars. 

18, 235 

119, 434 

241,  670 

1,  298, 274 

67,  628 

140, 323 

136,  383 

76, 782 

11,254 

140, 281 

5,976 

314, 728 


18, 587 
111,316 


9,108,484 


2,  700,  871 


a  Data  of  exports  by  railways  incomplete  prior  to  April  1, 1893. 


Highest  and   lowest  jnices  in  New  York  for  middling  upland  cotton  during  each  year 
(January  1  to  December  81)  since  1826. 

[Compiled  by  Alfred  B.  Shepperson,  of  New  York.] 


Year. 


1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840. 
1841 
1842 


High- 
est. 


Cents. 
14 
12 
13 
11 
13 
11 
12 
17 
16 
20 
20 
17 
12 
16 
10 
11 
9 


Low- 
est. 


Cents. 
9 


Year. 

High- 
est. 

1843   , . 
1844 
1845 
1  1846 

1847 

1848 

1840 

1850 
1851.... 
1852. . 

1853 

1854 

1855 

1856 

1857.  .. 

1858 

1859  ... 

Cents. 

8 

9 

8§ 

10 

12 

8 

11 

14 

14 

10 

11 

10 

12 

13 

15J 

13J 

12J 

Low- 
est. 


Cents. 
5 
5 
5 
6 
7 
5 
6 
11 


Year. 


log 


1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871, 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1870, 


High- 
est. 


Cents 

118 
38 
C9i 
93 
190 
120 
52 
36 
33 
35 
25J 
214 

27g 

21| 
18? 

m 

13§ 


Low- 
est. 


Cents. 
10 
UJ 
20 
51 
72 
35 
32 
151 
16 
25 
15 
14J 
18J 
13| 
14J 
13A 
10i 


Year. 


1877 

1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884. 
1885. 
1886, 
1887. 
1888. 
1889, 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


High- 
est. 


Cents. 
13ft 

12, 

13| 

13* 
13 
13A 
HJ 

li{! 
Hi 
V< 

Hi7! 

US 
114 

122 

»J 

10 


Low- 
est. 


Cents. 
10|i 
813 

H 
ia& 

10J 

10 
9J 
9ft 
8fg 
9ft 
98 
92 
9ft 
'I 

7J 


542    ANNUAL  RECEIPTS  OF  COTTON  AT  EACH  U.  S.  PORT,  1874  TO  1894. 


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ANNUAL    SALES    OF    SPOT    COTTON    IN    NEW    YORK,  ETC.      545 

Annual  sales  of  spot  cotton  in  New  York,  Nexo  Orleans,  Houston,   Memphis,  Savannah, 
Charleston,  and  8t.  Louis,  with  the  percentage  of  the  crop  sold  in  each  market. 

[Compiled  by  secretary  of  the  subcommittee  from  reports  of  sales  furnished  by  the  cotton  exchanges 

of  the  several  markets.] 


Year 
ending 
August 

31— 

New  Orleans. 

New  York. 

Year 

1  ending 

August 

31— 

'  New  Orleans. 

New  York.* 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
centage 
of  crop 

sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
centage 

Of  crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per 
centage 

of  crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
centage 
of  crop 

sold. 

1842 

1843.  .    , 
1844    .    . 
1845 

1846  ... 

1847  .... 

1848  .... 

1849 

1850    ... 
1851.  ., 

1852 

1853.  .... 

1854 

1855 

1656 

1857    .... 

1858 

1859    .... 

18C0 

1861 
1862-'65.. 

1866 

1867    .... 

1868 

1869 

735.  727 

1,  084. 942 

897,  920 

971,  682 

1,  047,  301 

717, 176 

1, 176,  404 

1, 126,  902 

821,111 

979, 646 

1,419,425 

1,654,342 

1,  416,  658 

1,245.343 

1,  752.  298 

1,  505.  926 

1,  648,  386 

1,  751,  276 

2,171,000 

1, 839, 194 

No  data  on 

652,  900 

854,  250 

687,  500 

889, 500 

43| 
45} 

44j 
40} 
49* 
404 
48* 
39? 
37* 
40  A 
451 
48i 
46* 
41* 
47| 
48} 
50} 
434 
44|  . 
47} 
iccount  i 
28*. 
38* 
26J 
37 

220,  627 
271,210 
501,444 
394,  525 
307,  504 
397,  000 
343, 750 
477,800 
628, 020 
482,  579 
568, 800 
470.  150 
108,  955 
479, 500 
531,200 
573, 500 
368,800 
575,  450 
4  15.  400 
066,300 
)f  civil  war. 
9:i2.  850 
695,  350 
1,  063,  306 
873,  563 

13 

114 

274 

16* 

144 

22 

14 

17 

28* 

20" 

18 

134 

16* 

16 

14* 

I84 

144  ' 
9 

174 

41 
31 
41 
36 

1870 

1.^71 

L872 

1873.... 

L874 

1875.... 
1870.... 
1877.... 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1883 

1884 

1885.... 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890.... 
1891.... 

1893.... 
1894  .... 

1, 144, 388 

1,592.721 

993,  236 

1,222,258 

1,  237,  400 

1,057,700 

1,  440,  400 

1, 185,  200 

1,271,600 

1. 130,  200 

1,  544.  900 

1,  384,  535 

1,  233,  078 

1. 196,  360 

1, 164. 475 

972,  720 

1, 072,  300 

806,  925 

961,011 

863,  060 

1,  034.  417 

1,154,300 

1,228,050 

866.  300 

926,  930 

36} 
364 
334 
314 
29* 
271 
31* 
264 
26j 

26J 

21 

22? 

171 

20£ 

17 

164 

124 

13* 

124 

14  h 

13* 

13} 

13 

124 

616,410 
920.  798 
619,  256 
580, 125 
430,  972 
448  064 
372,  642 
404,  018 
327, 717 
277, 147 
311,140 
314.  504 
368,  630 
264,  764 
310,  577 
179,  277 
211,288 
2(12.  98S 
291,815 
432,  892 
271,  036 
140,  805 
180, 171 
188,  656 
204,238 

19} 

21 

20* 

13} 

10| 

9 

5| 
4f 
6* 
3f 
5g 
3* 
3* 
34 
44 
64 
3? 

li 

2 

2* 

2f 

*  The  New  York  figures  do  not  include  cotton  delivered  on  "  futures"  contracts. 


Houston,  Tex. 

Memphis. 

Savannah. 

Charleston. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Year 

ending 

August 

31— 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per 
cent- 
age 
of 
crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 
crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 
crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 

crop 
sold. 

Number  of 
bales  sold. 

Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 
crop 
sold. 

1874 

Not  stated. 

203,  000 
137,  000 
293,  000 
191,000 
130,  000 
202, 000 
209,  000 
175,  000 
209.  000 
310,  000 
363,  000 
435,  000 
466, 000 
378, 000 

Not  stated. 
350,  225 
444.  025 

394,  525 
406.  900 
404,775 
400,  725 
434,  075 
296,  575 
453,  875 

395,  975 
366,  275 
475, 450 
568,  750 
600, 650 
627,  025 
507,900 
632,  420 
592, 950 
849,  475 
360,  375 

Not  stated. 

255,  600 
226,  205 
270,461 

347,  070 
302,  248 
509,  298 
449,  602 
446,  477 
320,421 
305,  005 
309, 849 
270,  039 
304, 347 
294,  344 
259,  089 
271,356 
275,  836 
209,  815 
198, 344 

Not  stated. 
309,  009 
326,  447 
868,  322 
375,  534 
451,  130 
388,  498 
546/935 
419,  182 
551,931 
395, 151 
444,412 
471,488 
372,  740 
414,  386 
304, 008 
244, 552 
290,  909 
231,  000 
185, 000 
201,  500 

Not  stated. 

4i               14 
it               li 

317,  000 
260,  000 
301,000 
231, 000 
203, 000 
232, 000 
264, 000 
257, 000 
274,000 
231, 000 
299,  000 
275, 000 
205, 000 
170,  000 

1875 

1876  ,    . , 

1877 

1878  ,    , , 
1879 

1880 

1881 

1882     , , 

1883 

1884.     . 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890  .. 
1891 

1892  , , 

1893  . , , 
1894 

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7 

7} 

74 

5} 

5? 

44 

34 

51 

2a 

2S 
2i 

5 

4§ 
44 
4 

34 

34 

4^ 

31 

4 

34 

34 

3 

3 

2* 

546      WEEKLY    PRICES    OF    COTTON   AND    PRINTING  CLOTHS  IN  NEW 

YORK,    1889    TO    1894. 


statement  shoiving  weekly  quotations  in  Neiv  York  (18S9  to  1894)  for  middling  upland 
cotton  and  extra  64  x  64  printing  cloth. 

[Compiled  by  Alfred  B.  Shepperson,  of  New  York.] 


1889- 

90. 

1890- 

91. 

1891- 

'92. 

1892-"93. 

1893- 

94. 

Extra 

Extra 

Extra 

Extra 

Extra 

Date. 

Middling 

64  x  64 

Middling 

64  x64 

Middling 

64x64 

Middling 

64x64 

Middling 

64  x64 

upland 

print- 

upland 

print- 

upland 

print- 

upland 

print- 

u j)l  and 

print- 

cotton. 

ing 

cotton. 

ing 
cloth. 

cotton. 

ing 

cotton. 

ing 

cotton. 

ing 

cloth. 

cloth. 

cloth. 

cloth. 

Sept.    7 

HI 

31 

log 

3ft 

811 

ZIB 

7ft 

34 

718 

21 

14 

118 

3| 

10} 

"IB 

88 

3 

7ft 

34 

88 

21 

21 

HI 

31 

10ft 

3ft 

88 

3 

7ft 

34 

88 

21 

28 

Hi 

m 

108 

q  5 

"IB 

88 

3 

78 

34 

8ft 

3 

Oct.      5 

10J 

38 

108 

1  5. 

"IB 

854 

3 

75 

34 

8ft 

25 

12 

log 

3i 

10| 

3ft 

81B 

3 

8ft 

34 

88 

21 

19 

10ft 

3ft 

io'l 

O   5 

8ft 

3 

8i 

34 

8ft 

25 

26 

104 

3ft 

104 

3ft 

88 

3 

8ft 

34 

8ft 

218 

Nov.    2 

10A 

38 

95 

3ft 

8ft 

3 

8ft 

314 

8ft 

25 

9 

10J 

38 

98 

3  « 

"IB 

81 

25 

81 

314 

81 

25 

16 

10* 

38 

98 

3ft 

8ft 

25 

98 

31 

84 

218 

23 

101 

314 

9ft 

"IB 

84 

25 

m 

318 

84 

218 

30 

101 

3J 

9ft 

31 

8ft 

25 

918 

4 

8ft 

3 

Deo.     7 

101 

3J 

9ft 

3 

8ft 

218 

9ft 

4ft 

75 

3 

14 

10ft 

38 

98 

3 

8 

218 

9| 

4ft 

8 

3 

21 

101 

q  9 

°IB 

98 

3 

711 

3ft 

95 

4ft 

7J8 

3 

28 

101 

34 

9ft 

3 

7| 

3ft 

95 

4ft 

718 

218 

Jan.     4 

101 

3ft 

9ft 

3 

78 

3ft 

95 

4ft 

8ft 

218 

11 

10i 

34 

98 

918 

'IB 

78 

"IB 

91 

4 

81 

218 

18 

108 

34 

9ft 

3 

7  ft 

3ft 

94 

4 

8ft 

2{ 

25 

n 

34 

98 

3 

7g 

3ft 

Q  9 

4 

8ft 

218 

Feb.     1 

10Jg 

34 

9ft 

3 

7ft 

34 

9ft 

4 

8 

218 

8 

lift 

34 

91 

3 

71 

34 

9ft 

4 

8 

25 

15 

lift 

34 

94 

3 

7ft 

34 

94 

4 

718 

25 

22 

lift 

34 

9 

3 

74 

34 

91 

4 

75 

2} 

Mar.    1 

lift 

34 

9 

3 

7ft 

3ft 

9ft 

4 

78 

21 

8 

H8 

3ft 

85 

3 

7 

3ft 

9ft 

4 

78 

2} 

15 

lift 

38 

9ft 

3 

6} 

3ft 

m 

4 

IK 

$ 

22 

Hi 

3ft 

9 

3 

618 

3ft 

9 

4 

'tb 

H 

29 

lift 

31 

9 

3 

6ii 

3ft 

88 

31 

m 

21 

Apr.     5 

lift 

31 

9 

3 

615 

3ft 

88 

31 

71 

218 

12 

118 

q  6 

818 

3 

7 

3ft 

8ft 

31 

78 

213 

19 

nil 

8*1 

3 

7ft 

3ft 

711 

34 

7ft 

218 

26 

HH 

38 

85 

m 

71 

3ft 

712 

34 

74 

21 

May     3 

12 

38 

85 

218 

7ft 

3ft 

713 

31 

7ft 

21 

10 

12 

q  7 

818 

2*8 

78 

•      213 

718 

34 

71 

21 

17 

12 

3ft 

85 

218 

71 

25 

718 

34 

7ft 

2B 

24 

128 

3l8 

818 

218 

78 

218 

71s 

3ft 

71 

2tt 

31 

12g 

3ft 

85 

21S 

7ft 

218 

78 

3ft 

71 

214 

Juno    7 

121 

38 

8} 

218 

71 

3g 

75 

1-7 
"IB 

7ft 

214 

14 

121 

38 

8ft 

2f8 

7ft 

38 

8 

38 

7ft 

215 

21 

12ft 

38 

88 

218 

7ft 

38 

8 

38 

7ft 

214 

28 

12 

38 

88 

218 

78 

38 

718 

38 

71 

214 

July    5 

12 

38 

88 

218 

7ft 

38 

718 

31 

71 

214 

12 

12 

38 

88 

218 

7ft 

38 

8ft 

31 

7ft 

215 

19 

12ft 

38 

81 

218 

71 

34 

84 

3 

74 

2| 

26 

121 

3ft 

8 

2| 

71 

34 

8 

25 

7 

2f 

Aug.    2 

121 

3ft 

8 

H 

7ft 

34 

8 

21 

65 

28 

9 

12J 

oT8 

81 

25 

71 

3* 

7} 

2} 

618 

26 

16 

12ft 

3ft 

8 

2i 

74 

34 

74 

21 

7 

2f 

23 

iii 

3ft 

8 

218 

71 

34 

7ft 

214 

618 

26 

30 

H 

a_0 

"IS 

81 

21 

7ft 

34 

78 

214 

65 

2} 

Note.— The  prices  of  printing  clotbs  are  the  same  at  New  York,  Fall  River,  Providence,  and  Boston. 


QUOTATIONS  OF  MIDDLING  SPOT  COTTON  AND  FUTURES.       547 

Quotations  of  middling  spot  cotton  and  future*  at  New  Orleans  from  September  1, 1S94,  to 

January  10,  1S95,  inclusive. 


Spots. 

Futures. 

1894. 

1894. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Sept.  1 

6ft 

Sept.     1 

6.30 

6.30 

6.38 

6.45 

3 

6ft 

3 

6.28 

6.29 

6.37 

6.44 

4 

6* 

4 

6.30 

6.31 

6.39 

6.47 

5 

64 

5 

6.38 

6.  39 

6.46 

6.54 

6 

64 

6 

6.34 

6.34 

6.42 

6.50 

7 

64 

7 

6.31 

6.31 

6.38 

6.46 

8 

64 

8 

6.34 

6.34 

6.42 

6.49 

10 

64 

10 

6.30 

6.28 

6.35 

6.43 

11 

6ft 

11 

6.27 

6.26 

6.33 

6.41 

12 

6ft 

12 

6.28 

6.29 

6.35 

6.43 

13 

6ft 

13 

6.32 

6.31 

6.38 

6.46 

u 

6ft 

14 

6.33 

6.28 

6.35 

6.43 

15 

6ft 

15 

6.24 

6.22 

6.29 

6.37 

17 

6ft 

17 

6.12 

6.10 

6.17 

6.25 

18 

64 

18 

6.07 

6.07 

6.13 

6.21 

19 

6ft 

19 

6.06 

6.03 

6.08 

6.16 

20 

64 

20 

5.98 

5.95 

6.01 

6.09 

21 

6ft 

21 

5.90 

5.90 

5.96 

6.03 

22 

6ft 

22 

5.90 

5.91 

5.98 

6.04 

24 

54i 

24 

5..S7 

5.87 

5.96 

6.02 

25 

5H 

25 

5.81 

5.81 

5.90 

5.96 

26 

54 

26 

5.72 

5.71 

5.80 

5.87 

27 

54 

27 

5.79 

5.79 

5.87 

5.94 

28 

5f£ 

28 

5.70 

5.76 

5.83 

29 

5U 

29 

5.60 
Nov. 

5.64 
Dec. 

5.71 
Jan. 

Oct. 

Oct.    1 

5ft 

Oct.      1 

5.53 

5.55 

5.62 

5.64 

2 

x.  9 

2 

5.62 

5.63 

5.71 

5.74 

3 

5f 

3 

5.  63 

5.63 

5.71 

5.74 

4 

5| 

4 

5.  73 

5.76 

5.83 

5.86 

5 

5f 

5 

5.78 

5.77 

5.83 

5.86 

6 

5f 

6 

5.59 

5.58 

5.66 

5.69 

8 

5f 

8 

5.  64 

5.63 

5.69 

5.72 

9 

9 

5.60 

5.60 

5.67 

5.70 

10 

<r>4 

10 

5.50 

5.51 

5.58 

5.61 

11 

5ft 

11 

5.48 

5.48 

5.55 

5.58 

12 

5ft 

12 

5.44 

5.43 

5.46 

5.48 

13 

5ft 

13 

5.44 

5.43 

5.46 

5.48 

15 

5ft 

15 

5.43 

5.41 

5.44 

5.47 

16 

5ft 

16 

5.40 

5.40 

5.46 

5.50 

17 

5ft 

17 

5.  36 

5.36 

5.41 

5.44 

18 

5f 

18 

5.30 

5.31 

5.37 

5.40 

19 

5f 

19 

5.27 

5.27 

5.32 

5.35 

20 

5ft 

20 

5.19 

5.19 

5.24 

5.28 

22 

54 

22 

5.22 

5.23 

5.26 

5.29 

23 

5ft 

23 

5.28 

5.28 

5.31 

5.35 

24 

5ft 

24 

5.22 

5.22 

5.24 

5.28 

25 

5ft 

25 

5.18 

5.18 

5.24 

5.28 

26 

54 

26 

5.16 

5.16 

5.22 

5.  26 

27 

54 

27 

5.14 

5.  1 1 

5.20 

5.24 

29 

54 

29 

5.20 

5.20 

5.23 

5.26 

30 

54 

30 

5.14 

5.16 

5.21 

5.24 

31 

31 

5.11 

5.17 

5.20 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Nov.    1 

5ft 

Nov.    1 

Holiday. 

2 

5ft 

2 

5.15 

5.19 

5.23 

5.28 

3 

5ft 

3 

5.  15 

5.  22 

5.25 

5.30 

5 

5ft 

5 

5.  14 

5.21 

5.24 

5.29 

6 

54 

6 

5.12 

5.18 

5.22 

5.27 

7 

5ft 

7 

5.06 

5.12 

5.16 

5.22 

548       QUOTATIONS  OF  MIDDLING  SPOT  COTTON  AND  FUTURES. 

Quotations  of  middling  spot  cotton  and  futures  at  New  Orleans  from  September  1,1894,  to 
January  10,  1895,  inclusive — Continued. 


Spots. 

Futures. 

1894. 

7<?S>4. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Nov.   8 

5 

Nov.   8 

4.98 

5.04 

5.08 

5.13 

9 

5 

9 

5.00 

5.04 

5.08 

5.13 

10 

5 

10 

4.95 

5.00 

5.04 

5.09 

12 

44 

12 

4.87 

4.92 

4.97 

5.02 

13 

m 

13 

4.90 

4.97 

5.01 

5.06 

14 

We 

14 

5.14 

5.19 

5.23 

5.28 

15 

5iV 

15 

5.00 

5.05 

5.10 

5.15 

16 

5iV 

16 

4.98 

5.01 

5.06 

5.11 

17 

We 

17 

5.01 

5.05 

5.08 

5.13 

19 

54 

19 

5.12 

5.15 

5.19 

5.24 

20 

H 

20 

5.14 

5.19 

5.23 

5.29 

21 

5i 

21 

5.25 

5.28 

5.32 

5.37 

22 

5i 

22 

5.17 

5.20 

5.24 

5.30 

23 

5f 

23 

5.37 

5.40 

5.44 

5.49 

24 

54 

24 

5.42 

5.46 

5.51 

5.56 

26 

5* 

26 

5.47 

5.51 

5.55 

5.61 

27 

54 

27 

5.43 

5.46 

5.49 

5.55 

28 

5A 

28 

5.30 

5.36 

5.40 

5.45 

29 

Holiday. 

29 

Holiday. 

30 

5ft 

30 

5.19 

5.23 

5.28 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Dec.    1 

5-i5ff 

Dec.      1 

5.27 

5.37 

5.34 

5.39 

3 

5J 

3 

5.29 

5.30 

5.36 

5.42 

4 

5fV 

4 

5.18 

5.21 

5.27 

5.33 

5 

5fV 

5 

5.29 

5.30 

5.36 

5.42 

6 

5£ 

6 

5.31 

5.35 

5.41 

5.47 

7 

5± 

7 

5.26 

5.28 

5.33 

5.39 

•8 

5i 

8 

5.30 

5.32 

5.38 

5.44 

10 

5ft 

10 

5.20 

5.22 

5.29 

5.36 

11 

5ft 

11 

5.24 

5.26 

5.33 

5.41 

12 

5ft 

12 

5.18 

5.19 

5.27 

5.35 

13 

54 

13 

5.16 

5.16 

5.24 

5.32 

14 

54 

14 

5.18 

5.  23 

5.31 

5.39 

15 

54 

15 

5.18 

5.19 

5.27 

5.35 

17 

54 

17 

5.12 

5.14 

5.22 

5.30 

18 

54 

18 

5.12 

5.14 

5.22 

5.30 

19 

54 

19 

5.15 

5.16 

5.25 

5.33 

20 

54 

20 

5.11 

5.13 

5.21 

5.29 

21 

5ft 

21 

5.05 

5.05 

5.14 

5.22 

22 

5ft 

22 

5.05 

5.06 

5.15 

5.23 

24 

Holiday. 

24 

Holiday. 

25 

Holiday. 

25 

Holiday. 

26 

5ft 

26 

5.08 

5.08 

5.17 

5.27 

27 

5ft 

27 

5.17 

5.14 

5.23 

5.32 

28 
29 
31 

54 
54 
Holiday. 

28 
29 
31 

5.17 
5.15 

5.27 
5.24 

5.36 
5.34 

Holiday. 

1895. 

1895. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Jan.    1 

Holiday. 
5ft 

Jan.      1 

Holiday. 

2 

2 

5.06 

5.17 

5.26 

5.28 

3 

5ft 

3 

5.06 

5.15 

5.25 

5.27 

4 

5ft 

4 

5.13 

5.23 

5.33 

5.36 

5 

5ft 

5 

5.12 

5.21 

5.31 

5.34 

7 

5ft 

7 

5.09 

5.18 

5.28 

5.31 

8 

5ft 

8 

Holidav. 

9 

54 

9 

5.18 

5.28 

5.37 

5.40 

10 

54 

10 

5.13 

5.22 

5.32 

5.35 

INDEX. 


Abbott,  J.  T.,  minister  to  Colombia — report 68 

Abercrombie,  W.  H.,  consul  at  Nagasaki,  Japan — report 289 

Adamson,  T.,  consul  at  Panama — report 30 

Auioy,  China,  table  of  cotton  imports 234 

Angier,  A.,  consul  at  Rbeims,  France — report 110 

Argentine  Republic : 

Its  vegetable  libers 66 

Its  adaptability  to  cotton 36 

Its  cotton  decadence 35 

Professor  Siewart's  views 36 

Cotton  bounty  paid  during  our  war 37 

England's  effort  to  stimulate  cotton  growing 37 

Asbby,  W.  W.,  consul  at  Colon.  Colombia — report 46 

Austria: 

Cotton  industries  of  the  Empire 91 

Suez  Canal's  influence  on  prices 92 

Development  of  cotton  spinning 92 

Tariff's  e fleet  upon  manufacturing 92 

Australia,  adaptability  of  soil  and  climate  to  cotton 210 

Austria-Hungary : 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  1882  to  1891— table 322 

Imports  of  cottous,  1891  aud  1892— table 324 

Exports  of  cottons,  1891  aud  1892— table 326 

Ayers,  J.  M.,  consul  at  Para,  Brazil — report 31 

Bagdad,  imports  of  Persian  cotton  259 

Baker,  E.  L.,  consul  at  Buenos  Ayres — report 35 

Baker,  E.  L.,  consul  at  Buenos  Ayres — second  report 66 

Baker,  O.  H.,  consul  at  Copenhagen,  Denmark — report 116 

Ballentine,  H.,  consul  at  Bombay,  India — report 275 

Barbados,  West  Indies,  annual  cotton  consumption 8 

Barbados,  West  Indies,  cotton  imports 9 

Bartlett,  Charles,  consul  of  Guadeloupe,  West  Indies — report 10 

Bedloe,  E.,  consul  at  Amoy,  China — report 233 

Belgium : 

Cotton  industries  in  Ghent 119 

Cotton  mills  in  the  Kingdom 119 

Number  of  spindles  in  the  Kingdom 119 

Condition  of  cotton  mills — table 120 

Importation  of  raw  cotton,  1860  to  1891 — table 121 

Sources  of  supply  of  raw  cotton — table 121 

Cotton  thread  and  cloth  exported,  1860  to  1890— table 122 

Ramie  the  only  textile  trenching  on  cotton 123 

Value  of  cotton  and  cotton  fabrics  imported  1860  to  1891 — table 124 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons.  1882  to  1891 — table 318 

Exports  of  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 318 

Bensusan,  A.  J.,  consul  at  Cadiz,  Spain — report 99 

Bermuda : 

No  attempt  at  cotton  culture  in  eighty  years 9 

Nearly  all  piece  goods  imported  from  United  States 9 

Made-up  goods,  underwear,  etc.,  imported  from  England 9 

Bowen,  H.  W.,  consul  at  Barcelona,  Spain — report 98 

Bolding.  B.,  consul  at  Sierra  Leone,  Africa — report 210 

Bowman,  William,  consul  at  Tientsin,  China — report 237 

Boyd,  R.  M.,  vice-consul  at  Bangkok,  Siam — report 227 

Bremen : 

Imports  of  cotton  from  1870  to  189:)— table 78 

Germany's  consumption  of  Bremen's  cotton  imports 79 

COT— VOL  2 36  649 


550  INDEX. 

Brazil:  Page. 

.  ..ttou  mills  at  Baliia 65 

Cotton  mills  and  operatives  at  San  Sal  vador 66 

Areas  of  the  various  States 70 

Cotton  culture  and  manufactures 70 

Cotton  exportation  from  1860  to  1885 70 

Average  and  possible  cotton  yield  per  acre 71 

Cotton  culture  dependent  on  immigration 71 

Suitable  cotton  acreage  unlimited 71 

Topography,  climate,  and  soil 72 

Tables  of  cotton  production 31 

Excellent  style  of  Brazilian  cotton 33 

Product  of  State  of  Pernambuco — table 35 

Exports  of  cotton  from  Pernambuco,  1887 35 

Bruce,  W.,  consul  at  Leith  and  Edinburgh — report 142 

Brown,  L.  W.,  consul  at  Glasgow — report 143 

Burke,  D.  N.,  consul  at  Bahia,  Brazil — report 65 

Byers,  S.  H.,  consul  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland — report 129 

Carroll — consul  at  Demerara,  British  Guiana — report 46 

Catlin,  G.  L.,  consul  at  Zurich,  Switzerland — report 125 

China: 

Cotton  imports  at  Amoy — table 234 

Cotton  imports  at  Tientsin,  1871  to  1892— table 237 

Cotton  consumption  in  Canton  district 238 

Cotton  yarns  and  raw  cotton  imported  at  Canton 238 

Cotton  fabrics  imported  at  Canton 239 

Cotton  manufactures  at  Canton 240 

Currency  of  the  Empire 239 

Cotton  production,  Shanghai  district 240 

Cotton  exports  from  Shanghai  in  1891— table 241 

Cotton  imports  at  Shanghai  in  1891 — table 241 

Cotton  factories  at  Shanghai 242 

Cotton  production  in  Ningpo  district 243 

Cotton  consumption  in  Ningpo  district 243 

Table  of  imports  and  exports  of  cotton  at  Ningpo 244 

Jamison's  report  on  Shanghai  in  1891 245 

Progress  of  Shanghai's  foreign  trade 245 

Disastrous  effects  of  silver  fluctuation 245 

Cotton  importers'  difficulties  at  Shanghai 245 

Our  competition  with  England's  heavy  goods 246 

Chinese  buying  yarns  in  preference  to  cloth 246 

People  chiefly  clothed  in  homespun 246 

Cause  of  England's  supremacy 247 

Chinese  essay  on  "Balance  of  trade" 247 

Largest  imports  from  America 251 

Imports  of  India  yarns 251 

Reduces  import  duties  on  yarns 252 

Width  of  cloth  essential  to  competition 253 

America  must  study  her  requirements 253 

Her  market  growing  in  importance 254 

Hongkong's  imports  of  India  yarns — table 254 

Hongkong's  imports  of  raw  cotton 255 

Imports  of  cottons,  1882  to  1891— table 323 

Exports  of  cottons,  exclusive  of  Hongkong,  1882  to  1891 — table 323 

Imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 341 

Exports  of  native  goods,  1891  and  1892— table 341 

Reexport  of  foreign  goods,  1891  and  1892— table 341 

Cheney,  E.  H.,  consul  at  Matanzas,  Cuba — report 12 

Chemnitz,  Saxony,  importation  of  English  goods 93 

Clark,  E.,  consular  agent  at  Piura,  Peru — report 47 

Coffin,  J.  B.,  consul  at  St.  Helena — report 205 

Colombia: 

Its  feeble  manufactures 69 

Adapted  to  cotton,  but  staple  poor 70 

Columbus,  R.  M.,  consular  agent  at  Pay ta,  Peru — report 54 

Cowan,  C.  H.,  consul  at  Manilla — report 208 

Crawford,  J.  M.,  consul-general  at  St.  Petersburg — report 164 

Dawson,  G.  J.,  consul  at  San  Salvador,  West  Indies— report 3 

Defective  packing  of  American  cotton 89 

Denmark,  imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 316 


INDEX.  551 

Department  of  State:  pasfi- 

Cooperates  with  Senate  committee 1 

Circular  Letter  to  consular  officers 2 

Dexter,  I..,  consul  at  Fayal,  Azores— report 205 

Dinzey,  B.  B.,  consular  agent  at  St.  Bartholomew,  West  Indies— report 8 

Dimmick,  E. A., consul  at  Barbados,  West  Indies — report 8 

Dickey,  W.  B.,  consular  agent  at  Baracoa,  Cuba— report 14 

Dockery,  <  >.  n.,  consul-general  at  Rio  Janeiro — report 34 

Dockery,  <).  H.,  consul-general  at  Rio  Janeiro — second  report 70 

Dobbs,  J.  M.,  consul  at  Valparaiso,  ('Idle — report 45 

Doty,  J.  L,  consul  a*  Tahiti,  Society  Islands — report , 206 

Doty,  J.  L.,  consul  at  Tahiti,  Society  Islands — second  report 305 

Dow,  C.W.,  consul  at  Zanzibar,  Africa — report 213 

Dougherty,  A.  J.,  consul  at  Callao,  Peru — report 47 

Dougherty,  A.  J.,  consul  at  Callao,  rem— second  report 53 

Dougherty,  A.  J.,  consul  at  Callao.  Peru — third  report 297 

Drayton,  John,  consul  at  Tuxpan,  Mexico — report 25 

Dunlap, H.J. , consular  agent  at  Forth,  Bavaria — report 98 

Durham,  J.  S.,  consul-general  at  Port  an  Prince,  Haiti— report 11 

l'.ilw  anls.  \Y.  H..  consul-general  at  Berlin — report 79 

Ehringer,  II.  A.,  consul  at  Cienfnegos,  Cuba — report 13 

Eirich,  J. P.,  consul  at  Antigua,  West  Indies — report  61 

Egypl : 

Report  on  cotton  culture  by  John  Bayne 218 

Mei  hods  of  cotton  culture!  and  climate 218 

Soils  best  adapted  to  cotton 219 

Varieties  of  cotton  grown 219 

Genesis  of  Egyptian  cotton 220 

Area  in  rot  ton 223 

Prices  of  cotton  from  1821  to  1892— table 223 

Exports  of  cotton,  1821  to  1892— table 223 

Cost  of  cotton  production  and  value  of  laud 224 

Local  consumption  of  cot  ton 224 

Exports  of  cotton,  1873  to  1893— table 225 

Cotton  acreage  and  yield  per  acre — table 225 

Yield  per  acre  since  1882 - 225 

A  \  erage  weight  of  cotton  bales 225 

Cotton  mills  established 305 

Cotton  industries  in  the  Soudan 306 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cotton,  1882  to  1891 — table 323 

Km  met,  W.  C,  consul  at  Smyrna,  Turkey — report 136 

Kstes,  W.  R.,  consul  at  Kingston,  Jamaica — report 62 

Europe : 

Cotton  manufactures  on  the  continent,  1851  to  1893 — table 160 

Annual  delivery  of  cotton  to  British  spinners — table 161 

Annual  delivery  of  cotton  to  spinners  on  the  continent — table 162 

Annual  delivery  of  cotton  to  all  European  spinners — table 163 

European  long  credit  system  an  impediment  to  our  trade 63 

Fairchild,  E.  B.,  consul  at  Lyons,  Erance — report Ill 

Fechet,  E.  O.,  consul  at  Piedras  Negras,  Mexico — report 21 

Feohet,  E.  ().,  consul  at  Piedras  Negras,  Mexico — second  report 75 

Fiji  Islands,  cotton  produced  and  exported 208 

Fowler,  J.,  consul  at  Ninjjpo,  China — report 243 

Fox,  W.  O.,  commercial  agent  at  St.  George,  Bermuda — report 10 

France: 

Importation  of  cottons  from  1855  to  1889 — table 112 

Imports  of  cotton  at  Havre 113 

Ramie  industry 310 

Imports,  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 319 

exports,  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 319 

Frank,  .Max.  commercial  agent  at  Bamberg,  Germany — report 81 

Gade,  G.,cousul  at  Christ iania.  Norway — report 116 

Cade,  F.  G.,  consul  at  Bergen,  Norway — report 117 

Gardner,  W.  K.,  consul  at  Rotterdam,  Holland— report 118 

Goorgii,  Axel,  vice  consul  at  Stockholm,  Sweeden — report „ 115 

Germany : 

Coi  ton  consumption 79 

Spindles  and  product  in  1891 79 

Importation  of  cot  tons  in  ism 79 

Cotton  specialties  of  manufacture 79 


552  INDEX. 

Germany — Continued.  Page. 

Imports  and  exports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1880  to  1892 — table.  80 

Cotton  consumption,  1860  to  1890 — table 81 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  goods,  1860  to  1890 — table 81 

Mills  and  consumption  in  Prussian  Rhine  provinces — table 82 

Importation  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods  in  1892 — table 83 

Exportation  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods  in  1892 — table 83 

Importation  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1878  to  1892 — table 84 

Exportation  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1878  to  1892 — table 84 

Imports  of  cotton  from  1889  to  1891— table 85 

Exports  of  cotton  from  1889  to  1891— table 85 

Cotton  consumption,  1836  to  1891 — table 86 

Cotton  imports  and  exports  by  customs  union — table 86 

Imports  and  exports  cotton  goods,  in  tons,  1880  to  1891 — table 87 

Freiberg's  cotton  imports  from  United  States,  Egypt,  and  India 88 

Cotton  spinning  in  the  Empire 95 

Cotton  spindles  in  the  Empire — table 96 

Production  of  cotton  yarns 95 

Sources  of  cotton  supply 96 

Wages  of  cotton  operatives — table 97 

Imports  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 317 

Exports  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 317 

Imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 328 

Exports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 330 

Gibbs,  R.,  consul  at  N  uevitas,  Cuba — report 13 

Gohlschmidt,  S.,  consul-general  at  Vienna,  Austria— report 91 

Goutier,  S.,  consul  at  Cape  Haitien,  Haiti — report 62 

Great  Britain : 

Cotton  exports  from  Bradford  to  United  States — table 146 

Table  showing  increase  in  cotton  consumption 148 

Table  showing  increase  in  cotton  spinning  in  India 149 

Exports  of  English  yarns  to  China  and  Japan — table 149 

Charges  on  Lancashire  exports  to  India 151 

China,  and  proposed  gold  standard  for  India 152 

Annual  exports  of  yarns  to  China — table 153 

Annual  exports  of  yarns  from  India  to  China — table 153 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  from  1822  to  1893 — table 155 

Annual  consumption  of  cotton  1822  to  1893 — tables 157 

Annual  exports  of  cottons  since  1822— tables 157 

Average  prices  of  all  cottons  since  1822 — tables 157 

Cotton  manufactures  since  1850 — tables 159 

Annual  delivery  of  cotton  to  British  spinners — table 161 

Imports  of  raw  cotton  and  fabrics,  1883  to  1892 — table 313 

Exports  of  raw  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1883  to  1892 — table 313 

(United  Kingdom),  cotton  imports  1891  and  1892— tables 333 

(United  Kingdom),  cotton  exports  1891  and  1892 — tables 334 

Greece : 

Present  status  of  cotton  industry 141 

Cotton  growing  in  Kingdom 141 

Yield  and  cost  of  cotton  production  per  acre 141 

Importations  of  cotton  in  1890 142 

Cotton  mills  and  spindles  in  operation 142 

Grout,  J.  H.,  consul  at  Hamilton,  Bermuda — report 9 

Grant,  L.  B.,  consul-general  at  Cairo,  Egypt — report 220 

Gracey,  S.  L.,  consul-general  at  Fuchau,  China — report 250 

Griffin,  W.  T.,  commercial  agent  at  Limoges,  France — report 110 

Guatemala: 

Only  one  cotton  mill  in  Republic 73 

Its  cotton  fabrics  superior  to  English  goods 74 

Guentlier,  R.,  consul  at  city  of  Mexico — report 46 

Hammond,  E.  P.  T.,  consul  at  Bnda-Pesth,  Hungary — report 90 

Hance,  J.  L.,  consul  at  Turks  Island,  West  Indies— report 6 

I  [anna,  P.  C,  consul  at  Laguayra,  Venezuela: — report 42 

Hancock,  H.,  consul  at  Patras,  Greece — report 142 

Howes,  J.  B.,  consul  at  Reichenberg,  Bohemia — report 89 

Hayti : 

Decline  of  culture  since  our  civil  war 62 

Exports  of  cotton  in  1892 62 

Exports  of  raw  cotton 11 

Heard,  A.,  consul-general  at  Korea— report 230 


INDEX.  553 

Page. 

Heally,  J.  F.,  consul  at  Lumbal.  Madeira — report 206 

Hecnan,  T.E..  consul  at  ( Idessa,  Russia — report 174 

Hemruick,  K.  J.,  consul  at  Geneva,  Switzerland — report 130 

II.  ss,  — ,  consul-general  at  Constantinople,  Turkey — report 134 

Heinke,  William,  consul  at  (  hihuahua,  Mexico— report 15 

Hill,  F.  D.,  consul  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay — report 45 

Hill.  F.  D.,  consul  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay — second  report 68 

Holland : 

imports  of  raw  aud  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 317 

Exports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 318 

Hollis,  YV.  S.,  consul  at  Mozambique,  Africa — report 214 

Honduras: 

Area  adapted  to  cotton  culture 27 

Its  wild  cotton  growths 27 

Honolulu,  cotton  goods  imported 208 

Home,  S.  B.,  consul  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies  — report 8 

Hosmer,  J.  K.,  consul-general  at  Guatemala — report 73 

Hungary: 

(  otton  manufacturing  States 91 

Cotton  imports  and  exports — tables 91 

Hurst,  C.  B.,  consul  at  Catania,  Italy — report 107 

Imperfect  knowledge  of  Spanish-American  conditions  and  wants  retards  our 

foreign  trade 63 

India : 

Antiquity  of  its  cotton  industries 263 

Fluctuations  in  cotton  area  in  last  thirty  years 264 

Cotton  a  regular  crop 264 

Average  yield  per  acre — table 264 

Varieties  of  cotton  grown 265 

Cotton  acreage  and  production  in  various  districts 265 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  fabrics — table 267 

Estimated  cost  of  culture  in  the  Punjab — table , 267 

Estimated  cost  of  culture  in  Madras — table 268 

Notes  on  varieties  of  cotton  . : 269 

Notes  on  peculiarities  of  native  culture 270 

Status  of  American  goods  at  Singapore 272 

Imports  and  exports  at  Singapore — table 274 

Annual  exports  of  cotton,  1863  to  1893— table 277 

Annual  cotton  crops  from  1863  to  1893 — table 277 

Average  cotton  exports  from  1834  to  1862 — table 277 

Percentage  of  crop  consumed  at  home,  1863  to  1893— table 277 

Cotton  acreage  from  1875  to  1893 — table 278 

Seasons  of  various  native  cottons — table 279 

Salient  features  of  cotton  culture '280 

Exports  of  cotton  from  Bombay  since  1859 — table 281 

Cottons  mills  of  India  1861  to  1894— tabic 282 

Number  of  persons  employed  in  cotton  mills 282 

Fiber  industries 301 

Imports  by  British  India  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1883  to  1892 — 

table 315 

Exports  by  British  India  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1883  to  1892 — 

table 315 

Ireland : 

Percentage  of  linen  output  at  Belfast 145 

Tendency  to  use  cotton  increasing  in  Belfast 145 

Italy : 

Importations  of  cotton  from  1860  to  1892 — table 99 

Importations  of  cotton  cloth  from  1860  to  1892— table 100 

Importations  of  cotton  thread  from  1860  to  1892— table 100 

Exportation  of  cotton  thread  from  1860  to  1892 — table 100 

Exportation  ot  cotton  cloth  from  IMiO  to  1892— table 100 

Imports  of  raw  cotton  at  Leghorn — table 102 

Average  weights  of  bales  imported  at  Leghorn 102 

Acreage  and  yield  of  Italian  cotton — table 103 

Largest  Italian  cotton  crop  ever  grown 103 

Movement  and  consumption  of  cotton  in  Turin  district 104 

Manufactures  of  cotton  in  Turin  district 104 

Cotton  mills  and  operatives  in  Turin  district 104 

Production  and  export  of  raw  cottons — table 107 


554  INDEX. 

Italy — Continued.  Page. 

American  goods  too  fine  and  dear  for  Italian  trade 108 

Cotton  spinning  in  Tuscany 108 

Consumption  of  American  cottons — table 109 

Style  and  weight  of  American  cottons  imported  in  1891 109 

Cotton  trade  in  the  Turin  district 106 

Imports  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 321 

Exports  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 321 

Imports  of  cottons  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 343 

Exports  of  cottons  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 346 

Jamaica: 

Cotton  consumption 6 

Experience  of  a  Massachusetts  syndicate 62 

Japan: 

Cotton  manufacturing ;  future  outlook 283 

Chief  use  of  Japanese  cotton 283 

Importations  of  cottons  from  China,  India,  and  United  States — tables 284 

Cotton  importations,  1868  to  1891— table 284 

Area  in  cotton,  1878  to  1891— table 284 

Raw  cotton  exported,  1877  to  1891— table    285 

Yearly  importation  of  cotton  fabrics,  1869  to  1891 — table 285 

Annual  importation  of  shirtings,  1868  to  1891 — table 285 

Annual  importation  of  chintzes,  etc. — table 286 

Exportations  yearly  of  cotton  fabrics  and  cotton,  1877  to  1891 — tablo 287 

Cost  per  acre  of  cotton  culture,  Hiogo  district 288 

Acreage  in  cotton,  Hiogo  district 288 

Total  cotton  crop  of  Hiogo  district 288 

Market  price  of  cotton  at  Osaka 288 

Mills  and  spindles  in  Osaka 288 

Cotton  acreage  and  product  in  Fuknoka 289 

Imports,  exports,  and  manufactures  at  Nagasaki — table 291 

Cotton  planting  for  rive  years  in  Myazaki — table 292 

Cotton  spinning,  spindles  and  mills — table 295 

Consumption  of  cotton  by  mills  since  1888 — table 295 

Trade  in  calendar  year  1892 308 

Fluctuations  in  exchange 308 

Value  of  imports  in  1892— table 309 

Foreign  trade  by  countries  in  1892 — table 309 

Value  of  Yokohama's  exports  to  United  States,  1892 — table 309 

Imports  of  cottons  and  cotton  goods,  1882  to  1891 — table 324 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 340 

Java,  cotton  production  and  exports 229 

Jewett,  M.  A.,  consul  at  Sivas,  Turkey — report 135 

Johnson,  H.  A.,  consul  at  Venice,  Italy — report 101 

Jones,  W.  S.,  consul-general  at  Rome,  Italy — report 102 

Keevil,  A.  B.,  consul  at  St.  Pierre,  Martinique — report 12 

Kt-pas,  — ,  consul  at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales — report 209 

Khouri,  C,  consul  at  Beirut,  Syria — report 257 

Kuapp,  C,  consul-general  at  Montreal,  Canada — report 55 

Konjio  State.  Africa: 

Its  peculiar  cotton  growth 217 

Method  and  extent  of  cotton  culture 217 

Korea : 

Acreage  in  cotton 230 

Cotton  production 231 

Cotton  exported 231 

Methods  of  cotton  culture 232 

A  rise  in  value  of  silver  would  increase  our  cotton  trade 231 

Exports  of  raw  cotton  and  cotton  goods 232 

Imports  of  cotton  yarns  and  goods 233 

Lathrop,  L.  A.,  consul  at  Bristol,  England— report 147 

Lay,  R.  G.,  consul-general  at  Ottawa,  Canada — report 56 

Leonard,  commercial  agent  at  London,  Ontario— report 59 

Lonard,  J.  A.,  consul  at  Shanghai — report 240 

Liberia: 

(Jot ton  imports  from  United  States,  Germany,  and  England— table 211 

Cause  of  decrease  in  American  trade 211 

Liebernecht,  A.,  consul  at  Tampico,  Mexico — report 25 

Listoe,  L.,  consul  at  Dusseldorf,  Germany — report 82 

Little,  C .  E.,  consul-general  at  Cairo,  Egypt — repor t 218 


INDEX.  555 

Page. 

Long,  J.  V.,  consul  at  Florence,  Italy — report 108 

Li.vejoy,  Herbert,  vice  -consul  at  Paramaribo,  Dutch  Guiana — report 42 

Lower  California,  exports  of  cotton — table 30 

Lowrie,  A.  H.,  consul  at  Friebnrg,  Germany — report 88 

Lugard,  F.  D.,  British  army,  report  on  Uganda,  Africa 216 

Madagascar: 

Such  cottons  as  are  produced  in  Arkansas,  Texas,  and  Mississippi,  grow 

wild 215 

Cotton  production  and  importation 215 

Market  prices  of  cotton  : 

.      Price  cotton  goods  in  New  York.  1847  to  1892— table 360 

Quotations  for  spots  in  New  <  Orleans  and  Liverpool,  weekly,  1850  to  1860 — 

table *. 366 

Quotations  for  spots  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  weekly, 

1861)  to  1880— table 372 

Quotations   for  spots  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liverpool,  weekly, 

1880  to  1893— tabl 6 377 

Quotations  (bid),  futures,  io  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  1880  to  1893, 

daily— table 417 

Quotations,  daily,  of  futures  in  Liverpool,  1880  to  1893— tables 497 

Quotations  of  highest  and  lowest  prices  in  New  York  for  middlings  each 

year  since  1826 — tables 541 

Quotations,  weekly,  in  New  York,  1889  to  1894,  for  middling  uplands  and 

extras,  64  by  64,  printing — tables 546 

Quotations  for  middling  spots  and  futures  in  New  Orleans  from  September 

1,  1894,  to  January  10,  1895 .' 547 

Maguire,  L.  S.,  consul  at  Muscat,  Arabia — report 216 

Malta,  cotton  production  in  1891 137 

Manatt.  I.  .1..  consul  at  Athens,  Greece — report 141 

Mason.  F.  H.,  consul-general  at  Frankfort.  Germany — report 85 

Mat  an /as.  imports  of  cotton  goods 12 

Matthews,  1".  A.,  consul-general  at  Tangier,  Morocco — report 212 

Maxwell,  C.  L.,  consul  at  Santo  Domingo,  West  Indies— report 11 

McCoy,  — ,  consul  at  Monrovia,  Liberia — report 211 

McElrath,  P.,  commercial  agenl  at  Turin,  Italy — report 103 

McLain,  T.  J.,  consul  at  Nassau,  New  Providence — report 4 

Meeker.  C.  consul  at  Bradford,  England — report 145 

Merrill.  S.,  consul-general  at  Calcutta,  India — report 203 

Merrill.  S.,  consul-general  at  Calcutta.  India — second  report 301 

Met  calf,  — ,  consul  at  Newcastle,  England — report 147 

Mexico : 

Merchants  have  no  predilections  in  favor  of  Europe 75 

Po]  i  u  kit  ion  classified 7(i 

Tariff  and  customs  rules  and  laws 76 

Cotton  mills  and  machinery 76 

Trade  in  cotton  goods 76 

Cotton  acreage  in  Chihuahua  district 15 

Cotton  industry  before  Cortez's  conquest 18 

Land  adapted  to  cotton 19 

Cotton  product 19 

Manufactures  of  cotton — table 20 

Cotton  laborers  and  wages 20 

Methods  of  culture 21 

Cotton  area  in  Bio  Grande  district 23 

Cost  and  profit  of  Mexican  cotton 22 

M.  Biaconi's  report  on  cotton  production 26 

Annual  production  of  cotton 26 

Mona Lilian.  .1.  ('.,  consul  at  Chemnitz,  Saxony  — report 93 

Moore,  D.,  consul  at  Aden,  Arabia — report  216 

Moorey,  William,  consul  at  Colombo,  Ceylon — report 228 

Morocco : 

Importation  of  raw  cotton,  1870  to  1892— table 212 

Importation  of  cotton  goods,  1870  to  1892— table 213 

Netherlands: 

Imports  of  raw  cotton,  1860  to  1892— table 118 

Cotton  consumption 118 

American  cotton  preferred 118 

Imports  cotton  and  cotton  g Is.  18!U  and  1892— table 342 

Exports  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1891  and  1892 — table 343 


556  INDEX. 

Paga 

Neuer,  C,  consular  agent  at  Gera,  Germany — report 84 

Newell,  William,  consul  at  Managua,  Nicaragua — report 74 

New  Providence  Island: 

Condition  of  cotton  industry 4 

Acreage  adapted  to  cotton 4 

Newson,  Mr.,  consul  at  Malaga,  Spain — report 98 

New  South  Wales : 

Cotton  area  and  production 209 

Cotton  culture  stimulated 209 

Nicaragua :  Its  vegetable  fibers 74 

Norway :  , 

Importations  of  raw  cotton,  1861  to  1892 — table 116 

Importation  of  cotton  fabrics,  1880  to  1892— table 117 

Cotton  fabrics  exported,  1880  to  1892— table 117 

Importation  of  cotton  and  cotton  fabrics  at  Bergen 117 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 316 

Osborne,  J.  B.,  consul  at  Ghent,  Belgium — report 119 

Osborne,  J.  B.,  consul  at  Ghent,  Belgium — second  report 217 

Pace,  S.  D.,  consul  at  Port  Sarnia,  Canada — report 60 

Parker,  S.  W.,  consul  at  St.  Christopher,  West  Indies — report 7 

Palmer,  A.,  consul-general,  Dresden,  Saxony — report 93 

Paraguay : 

Its  cotton  as  compared  with  "sea  island" 68 

The  decadence  of  cotton  culture 68 

Peneiro,  M.,  consul  at  Santander,  Spain— report 98 

Peirce,  W.  P.,  consul  at  Trinidad,  West  Indies — report 7 

Peru: 

System  of  renting  and  planting  cotton  lands 49 

Cost  of  raising  a  pound  of  cotton 50 

Prices  of  unginned,  or  "seed"  cotton — table 50 

Cotton  exports — table 51 

Trade  dominated  by  England,  Germany,  France,  and  Italy 297 

Imports  of  cotton  fabrics,  1890  and  1891— table 299 

Cotton  industry  stimulated  during  our  war 51 

Average  yield  of  cotton  per  acre 51 

Pentield,  P.  C,  consul  at  Cairo,  Egypt — report 305 

Pepper,  G.  W.,  consul  at  Milan,  Italy — report 99 

Peterson,  J. .'.,  consul  at  Tegucigalpa,  Honduras — report 27 

Peters,  T.  W.,  commercial  agent  at  Plauen,  Saxony — report 96 

Persia: 

Cotton  indigenous 260 

Primitive  methods  of  culture 260 

Hand  manufactures,  cotton  seed  fed  to  camels 261 

Cotton  acreage  and  product 261 

Cost  of  cotton  culture 262 

Importation  of  cotton  goods 262 

Portugal,  imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 320 

Plumacher,  E.  H.,  consul  at  Maracaibo,  Venezuela — report 43 

Preller,  W.  A.,  consul  at  Rio  Grande  de  Sul,  Brazil — report 34 

Pugh,  H.  C,  consul  at  Palermo,  Italy — report 102 

Rairden,  B.  S.,  consul  at  Batavia,  Java — report 229 

Reid,  A.  J.,  consul  at  Dublin,  Ireland — report 144 

Richardson,  J.  B.,  consul  at  Matamoras,  Mexico — report 26 

Riley,  W.  (J.,  consul  at  Puerto  Cabello,  Venezuela — report 42 

Roosevelt,  G.  W.,  consul  at  Brussels,  Belgium — report 122 

Rosenthal,  A.  S.,  consul  at  Leghorn,  Italy — report 102 

Roumania,  imports  of  raw  cotton  and  cotton  yoods,  1882  to  1891 — table 322 

Russia: 

Provinces  that  grow  cotton 164 

Period  of  largest  cotton  production 164 

Cotton  area  in  Turkestan  in  1890 164 

Cotton  crop  of  Asiatic  Russia  in  1890 165 

Methods  of  cotton  culture 165 

The  future  of  cotton  production 167 

Transi sancasian  cotton  crop 168 

I  in]  kit  Is  of  yarns  and  raw  cotton — table 170 

Cotton  manufacturing  interests 170 

Importation  of  cotton  goods — table 171 

Output  other  col  ton  mills— table 172 


INDEX.  557 

Russia — Continued.  Page 

The  number  of  spindles  in  the  Empire — table 172 

Cost  of  Russian  cotton  fabrics 173 

Cottons  imported  from,  1882  to  1892— table 173 

Imports  of  American  cotton 174 

Culture  and  soil  in  Turkestan 181 

Culture  of  cotton  in  Caucasia 183 

Progress  of  cotton  growing  in  Turkestan — table 187 

Market  prices  of  Russian  cotton 188 

Enemies  to  cotton  in  Central  Asia 189 

Experience  of  an  American  cotton  planter 196 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottonB,  1882  to  1891 — tables 315 

Ryder,  F.  W.,  consul  at  Quebec,  Canada — report 58 

San  Salvador,  condition  of  cotton  industry 3 

Santos,  L.  F.,  consul  at  Maranhao,  Brazil — report 33 

Saxony,  cotton  imports  from,  1880  to  1892— table 93 

Scotland : 

Tables  of  exports  and  imports  of  cotton 143 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton  at  Glasgow 144 

Severence,  H.  W.,  consul-general  at  Honolulu — report 208 

Senegambia: 

Primitive  cotton  manufactures 210 

Adaptability  of  country  to  cotton  culture 211 

Shepperson,  Alfred  B.,  reports  on  consumption  of  Egyptian  and  Peruvian  cot- 
tons in  the  United  States 226 

Siam: 

The  white  cotton  tree 227 

Cotton  consumption 227 

Simons,  O.  H.,  consul  at  Hongkong,  China — report 254 

Simpson,  T.,  consul  at  Puerto  Plata,  Santo  Domingo — report 11 

Sieymonr,  Charles,  consul  at  Canton,  China — report 238 

Shepard,  C.  H.,  consul  at  Gothenberg,  Sweden — report 113 

Smith,  D.  H.,  consul  at  Nogales,  Mexico — report 25 

Smith,  J.  H.,  commercial  agent  at  Mayence,  Germany — report 87 

Smith,  N.,  consul  at  Liege,  Belgium — report 123 

Smithers,  E.  J.,  consul  at  Hiogo,  Japan — report 287 

Snead,  G.  E.,  for  consul  at  Asuncion,  Paraguay — report 43 

Solf,  A.,  consular  agent  at  Chiclayo,  Peru — report 301 

Spain : 

Value  of  cottons  imported  at  Barcelona — table 99 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons  1882  to  1891 — table 320 

Sperry,  W.  R.,  consul-general  at  Teheran,  Persia — report 259 

Springer,  J.  H.,  commercial  agent  at  San  Juan  Remedius,  Cuba — report 14 

Stevens,  E.,  consul  at  Pernambuco,  Brazil — report 32 

Starklotf,  H.  M.,  consul  at  Bremen— report 78 

Stewart,  L.  R.,  consul  at  San  Juan,  Puerto  Rica — report 6 

St.  John,  A.  A.,  commercial  agents,  Fiji  Islands — report 208 

St.  Thomas.  West  Indies,  amount  of  cotton  imports 8 

Strickland,  P.,  consul  at  Goree,  Africa — report 210 

Sundberg,  J.  C.,  consul  at  Bagdad,  Turkey — report 259 

Sutton,  W.  P.,  consul-general  at  Nueva  Laredo,  Mexico — report 18 

Studer,  A.  G.,  consul  at  Singapore,  India — report 270 

Sweden : 

Cotton  imports  from  1881  to  1890— table 114 

Cotton  fabrics  imported,  1881  to  1890— table 114 

Production  of  cotton  goods,  1881  to  1890— table 115 

Exports  of  cotton  fabrics,  1881  to  1890— table 115 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cotton.  1882  to  1891 — table 316 

Exports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 316 

Switzerland : 

Persons  employed  in  cotton  spinning 125 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons — table 125 

Supremacy  of  American  cotton 125 

Imports  and  exports  of  cotton,  1860  to  1892— table .  \ 126 

Prices  of  domestic  fabrics,  1860  to  1890— table 127 

Cotton  displacing  all  other  fabrics  and  textiles 127 

Struggle  between  cotton  and  wool 128 

Effect  of  American  tariff  on  cotton  trade 130 

Importation  of  raw  cotton,  1860  to  1892 131 

Number  and  plant  of  cotton  factories  .   131 

COT— VOL  2 37 


55  8  INDEX. 

Switzerland — Continued.  Page 

Chief  sources  of  raw  cotton  supply 132 

Imports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 319 

Exports  of  raw  and  manufactured  cottons,  1882  to  1891 — table 320 

Imports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1889  and  1891 — table 349 

Exports  of  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  1889  and  1891 — table 350 

Syria : 

Progress  of  American  cotton 257 

Area  and  product  of  native  cotton 257 

Imports  of  yarns,  cloths,  and  raw  cotton 258 

Taney,  J.  B.,  consul  at  Belfast,  Ireland— report 145 

Tahiti,  Society  Islands: 

Cotton  production 207 

Cotton  exported  from  1865  to  1892— table 207 

Cotton  goods  imported,  1888  to  1892— table 207 

Thievenot,  consul  at  Pedang,  Sumatra — report 230 

Thomas,  W.  O.,  consul  at  Bahia,  Brazil — report 33 

Thompson,  E.  H.,  consul  at  Merida,  Yucatan — report 28 

Tillotson,  W.  C,  consul-general  at  Yokohama,  Japan — report 308 

Trinidad,  West  Indies,  cotton  importations 7 

Turkey : 

No  American  cotton  imported  at  Constantinople 135 

Importation  of  Asiatic  cotton  at  Sivas 135 

Cotton  product  in  province  of  Harpoot 135 

Cotton  product  in  province  of  Smyrna 136 

Twitchell,  A.  S.,  consul  at  Santiago,  Cuba — report 14 

Uganda,  Africa,  cotton  grown  near  Albert  Lake 216 

United  States: 

Cotton  crops,  exports  and  manufactures,  1847  to  1894 — table 353 

Sea  island  crops,  1874  to  1894 — table 354 

Cotton  acreage  of  the  ten  cotton  States — table 355 

Export  and  consumption  of  sea  island  cotton  since  1874 — table 354 

Cotton  acreage,  1878  to  1887— table 356 

Cotton  acreage,  1888  to  1890— table ." 357 

Production  in  each  State  in  census  years  since  1849 — table 358 

Prices  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans  and  Liverpool,  1850.  to  1860 — table  ..  366 

Acreage  in  cotton  in  1879  and  1889 358 

Cotton  culture,  periods  of  labor 359 

Statistics  of  cotton  manufacture  in — 

1850— table 361 

1860— table 362 

1870— table 363 

1880— table 364 

1890— table 365 

Value  of  exports  of  staples  from  1860  to  1893— table 537 

Quantity  and  value  of  annual  exports  of  cotton  goods,  1850  to  1893 — table.  538 

Annual  import  of  cotton  manufactures,  1867  to  1893 — table 539 

Details  of  cotton  fabrics  imported  since  1884 — table 539 

Amount  of  raw  cotton  annually  exported,  1884  to  1893 — table 540 

Amount  and  value  of  cotton  fabrics  exported,  by  countries,  1892  and  1893 — 

table 541 

Annual  net  receipts  of  cotton  at  each  port  of  the  United  States — table  .. .  542 

Annual  exports  of  cotton  from  each  United  States  port — table 543 

Cotton  delivered  to  American  and  European  spinners,  1860  to  1891 — table.  544 
Annual  sales  of  spot  cotton  in  New  Orleans,  New  York,  Houston,  Memphis, 

Savannah,  Charleston,  and  St.  Louis,  with  percentage  of  each 545 

Uruguay,  no  cotton  producing-status 68 

Van  Ingen,  J.F.,  consul  at  Talcaguana,  Chile — report 46 

Vartriede,  C.  A.,  consul  at  Horgen,  Switzerland — report 132 

Vegetable  fibers  in : 

Argentine  Republic 66 

Nicaragua 74 

Viosca,       consul  at  La  Paz,  Lower  California — report 30 

Wages  paid  cotton  operativesin — 

Europe — table 139 

India— table 139 

United  States— table 140 

Wallace,  G.  H.,  consul-general  at  Melbourne,  Australia — report 210 

Waller,  J.  L.,  consul  at  Tamatav,  Madagascar — report 215 

Waller,  J.  L.,  consul  at  Tamatav,  Madagascar — second  report 296 


INDEX.  559 

PBga 

Warner,  W.  D.,  consul  at  Cologne,  Germany — report 86 

Weatherill,  consular  agent  at  Brisbane,  New  South  Wales— report 209 

Whiley,  C.  W.,  consul  at  St.  Etienne,  France — report 310 

Williams,  C.  P.,  consul  at  Rouen,  France — report 112 

Williams,  0.  F.,  consul  at   Havre,  France — report 113 

Worthington,  ,).,  consul  at  Malta — report 137 

Winters,  J.  F.,  consul  at  Manheiin,  Germany — report 83 

Woesner,  J.,  consul  at  Saltillo,  Mexico — report    24 

Wright,  S.  H.,  vice-consul  at  Kingston.  Jamaica — report 5 

Wuister,  J.,  vice-consul  at  Cnracoa,  West  Indies — report 11 

Yucatan  : 

Cotton  indigenous 28 

Culture  of  cotton  insignificant 29 

The  greatest  cotton  consumer  in  proportion  to  population 29 

Zanzibar.  Africa: 

Cotton  production  and  manufactures 213 

Importations  of  cotton  fabrics 214 

High  prices  of  American  goods 214 


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